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s t n e v e l a u t c a e h t n e v e r o , r o h t u a e h t f

o where and when the story take splace . n

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l realtiy .I tcan not be

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d (1956 :

e h t m o r f d e t c a rt x e y ll a u t c a s i e r u t a r e ti l f o k r o w a t a h t d e d u l c n o c e b n a c t I . ) 2 0 1

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m r o f , e r o f e b d i a s s a h r e ti r w e h t t a h w s a , l e v o n

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i (1953 :

.) 9

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P st hough tabouti mtiaiton give scomprehensive understanding abou t s k r o w y n a o t r e f e r n a c f l e s ti ’ tr a f o k r o w ‘ A . s k r o w y ll a u t c a t r a f o k r o w a w o h

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H Storyo fAmerica;thediscovery ,exploraiton ,andcolonizaiton e r e w y e h t w o h e k il t s u j , y r o t s i h d lr o w e h t d e t c e f f a y lt a e r g o s l a a c ir e m A f o

d n a p x e o t s n o it a n r o f s e it i n u tr o p p o d e r e f f o a c ir e m A . y r o t s i h d lr o w e h t y b d e t c e f f a

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i v i d n

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y l w e n n i s e i n o l o c t n a tr o p m i t s o m e h t f o e n

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a state i sNew York

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c whichbecamemajo rconcernatt ha titme.

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w e N s 0 7 9 1 e h t n i s n o it i d n o c l a i c o s f o n o it c i p e d e h t s e s s u c s i d s i s e h t e t a u d a r g r e d n u

d n u o b e r a t a h t s e ir o t s l a r e v e s s ll e t l e v o n s i h T . y ti C k r o

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l e v o n e h t n i d e c u d o rt n i s r e t c a r a h

c which t ellst hei rown perspecitvet owards t he s

0 7 9 1 e h t n i y ti C k r o Y w e N f o y t e i c o

s .Each characte rrepresent sactua lpeople .

y ti c e h t n i s e ir o t s s ti d n

a Thecharactersi n t henove lare ifcitonal ,but t hey are .

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T s tha tformed the

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. s e g n e ll a h c l a n r e t x e d n a l a n r e t n

i Hopefully t hi sundergraduatet hesi scan help t he e

r o m d n a t s r e d n u o t s r e d a e

r abou twhatr eally happened du irngt ha tera .I t lfashe s s

, s e ir o m e m d e n i w tr e t n i e h t k c a

b o t ha tou rgeneraiton shal lno trepeat t he same .

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c i p o t e m a

s T ih sundergraduate t hesisdiscusse saboutt he relevancy between t he h

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n theemergenceo fti scharacter s s

ti d n

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i p S d l r o W t a e r

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n o it a l u m r o F m e l b o r P . B

In relaitons wtih t he t opic t hat i sgoing t o be discussed i n t hi sstudy, t he d

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w threequesitonsasf ollow:

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1 Howi sthe1970 sNewYorkCtiyporrtayedt hrought hecharacters?

.

2 Howi st he1970 sNewYorkCtiydepictedinthes tory?

.

3 How do the character sand the setitng re lfec tNew York Ctiy in the 0

7 9

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y d u t S e h t f o s e v it c e j b O .

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s a h y d u t s s i h

T threeobjecitvestha tarecoveredint hreequesiton sa sstated n

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r e t c a r a h

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e r a e r e h

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r e f a s n e v e d n a , l u ft c e p s e r ,t n a r e l o t

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w e N d e lf e l p o e p n o il li m a t s o m l A . d e l b m u r c s e c i v r e s c il b u p s a s k l a w e d i s

a , s b r u b u s e l b a t s e r o m , r e f a s e h t r o f e d a c e d e h t g n ir u d s t e e rt S n a e M s ' k r o Y

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i ).

d e t a t s t r o p e r e h

T tha tNew York Ctiy i nt he1970 swa sa t tisl owes tpoin t o

c e r o t s r a e y y t n e w t y l e t a m i x o r p p a k o o t d n

a ver . tI sbankruptcy affect smassive o t s m i a r e ti r w e h t t a h t n o it i d n o c e h t s i s i h T . s e t a r e m ir c g n ir a o s d n a s u d o x e

. n o y d u t s a t c u d n o

c The condiiton sare more ilkely to be found in the novel , t

a h t t a s n o it i d n o c l a i c o s g n i c n e m m o c r e h t o d n a e m ir c h ti w g n il a e

(24)

(25)

e b o t g n i d n e t e r p r e t c a r a h c t a lf a y ll a u t c a s i t i , e c n i v n o c t o n s e o d t u b s e s ir p r u s

d n u o r d n a t a lf r e f fi d o t w o h f o t h g i s n i f e ir b s e v i g t n e m e t a t s s i H . ) 4 5 : 4 7 9 1 ( d n u o r

r e t c a r a h c a y ll a u t c a t a h t d o o t s r e d n u y l p m i s e b n a c t I . m i h o t g n i d r o c c a s r e t c a r a h c

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s r e t c a r a h

c . Thi s poin t o f view can determine readers ’ judgmen t toward s a n

a c t i ,r e v o e r o M . r e t c a r a h

c also makepeople ilkeo rdisilket hecharacte.r In t hi s .

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,r e k o o l n o l a it r a p r o l a it r a p m

i o rhe can assume omniscience and descirbe m e h t f o e n o f o n o it i s o p e h t n i fl e s m i h e c a l p n a c e h r o ; n i h ti w m o r f m e h t

f f a d n

a ectt obei nt hedarkast ot hemoitve soft her est ;ort herearecetrain .)

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g n i d r o c c

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t d f rom

, e d i s t u

o etihe r fully o r paritally . A character can also be descirbed using m o r f r e t c a r a h c a s e b ir c s e d t s il e v o n e h t t a h t y a w e h t , w e i v f o t n i o p t n e i c s i n m o

g n i z ir e t c a r a h c f o y a w r e h t o n a o s l a s i e r e h T . ti t u o b a g n i h t y r e v e s w o n k d n a e d i s n i

v o n e h t n e h

w eils tplace shimsel fin the posiiton o fanothe rcharacter so tha t .

(26)

n i , y h p r u M . J. M . r e t c a r a h c a e b ir c s e d o t s y a w r e h t o y t n e l p o s l a e r a e r e h T

, k o o b s i

h Understanding Unseens :an Introduciton to Engilsh Poetry and the s

t n e d u t S s a e s r e v O r o f l e v o N h s il g n

E formulated ninewayst o descirbeacharacte r .

s r e d a e r e h t r o f e l b a d n a t s r e d n u e b n a c t i t a h t o s

. n o it p ir c s e D l a n o s r e P . a

li s a e d e b ir c s e d e b n a c r e t c a r a h c

A ybystaitngsevera lphysica ldata . tIi nclude s .) 1 6 1 : 2 7 9 1 ( d n i m r e h / s i h e d i s n i t a h w t o n ; s e h t o l c d n a e c n a r a e p p a s ’ n o s r e p a

.r e h t o n a y b n e e s s a r e t c a r a h C . b

d e b ir c s e d s i r e t c a r a h c a , y a w s i h t n

I ind rieclty.I nsteado fdescirbingacharacte r s e y e e h t h g u o r h t r e t c a r a h c a e b ir c s e d n a c r o h t u a e h t , n o i s s e r p x e t c e ri d g n i s u

s r e d a e r e h t o t e g a m i d e t c e lf e r a s e c u d o r p t I . r e h t o n a f o s n o i n i p o d n a

.) 2 6 1 : 2 7 9 1 (

. h c e e p S . c

e h s / e h t a h w y b d e g d u j e b n a c y d o b y r e v

E says .A characte rcan also be s i e h r e v e n e h w , s k a e p s n o s r e p a r e v e n e h W . s y a s n o s r e p e h t t a h w y b d e b ir c s e d

s i e h , n o i n i p o n a d r a w r o f s t u p e h r e v e n e h w , r e h t o n a h ti w n o it a s r e v n o c a n i

.) 4 6 1 : 2 7 9 1 ( r e t c a r a h c s i h o t e u l c s r e d a e r e h t g n i v i g

. e fi l t s a P . d

n e ir e p x

E cebulidst hecharacter .Byl etitngt her eadersl earnsomethingabou ta e

u l c a e v i g n a c r o h t u a e h t , e fi l t s a p s ’ n o s r e

p toeventst ha thavehelpedt os hape .)

(27)

.s r e h t o f o n o it a s r e v n o C . e

a s i tI . r e h t o h c a e t u o b a k l a t o d e l p o e

P lsoawayoft heauthort ogivecluest oa s g n i h t e h t d n a e l p o e p r e h t o f o s n o it a s r e v n o c e h t h g u o r h t r e t c a r a h c s ’ n o s r e p

.) 7 6 1 : 2 7 9 1 ( m i h t u o b a y a s y e h t

.s n o it c a e R . f

y lr e p o r p d n o p s e r t o n o d y e h t f i s d r a w o c e b o t d i a s e r a e l p o e p s e m it e m o S

i s l a i c u r c a s d r a w o

t tuaiton .Thi si salso a way how to descirbe a person’ s s t n e v e d n a s n o it a u ti s s u o ir a v o t s t c a e r e h s / e h w o h w o n k s u g n it t e l y b , r e t c a r a h c

.) 7 6 1 : 2 7 9 1 (

.t n e m m o c t c e ri D . g

r o e b ir c s e d o s l a n a c r o h t u a e h t , y lt c e ri d n i r e t c a r a h c a g n i b ir c s e d f o d a e t s n I

n o t n e m m o

c aperson’ scharacte rdrieclty( 1972:170 .) .s

t h g u o h T . h

s r e d a e r e h t e v i g d n a e t a rt li f n i n a c r o h t u a e h t , d n i m s ’ r e t c a r a h c a n i n w o d p e e D

t a h w l l e t n e v e n a c t I . t u o b a g n i k n i h t s i n o s r e p a t a h w f o e g d e l w o n k t c e ri d

) 1 7 1 : 2 7 9 1 ( g n i k n i h t e r a e l p o e p r e h t o t n e r e f fi

d .

.s m s ir e n n a M . i

s a h t I . r e t c a r a h c r e h / s i h e b ir c s e d o t m s ir e n n a m s ’ n o s r e p a e s u n a c r o h t u a e h T

n i a tr e c a n i d n u o f e b n a c t a h t s e r u t a e f e u q i n u d n a s ti b a h h ti w o d o t g n i h t e m o s

.) 3 7 1 : 2 7 9 1 ( r e t c a r a h c

e h t n o g n i d n e p e d , s y a w l a r e v e s n i d e b ir c s e d e b n a c r e t c a r a h c a t a h t r a e l c w o n s i tI

. r o h t u

(28)

o y r o e h T .

2 f Setitng

. H . M . g n it t e s r o , s g n i d n u o r r u s s ti t u o h ti w d e c u d o r p e b n a c t r a f o k r o w o N m a r b

A si nhi sbook AGlossaryo fLtieraryTerm sstatest ha tsetitngi sactuallyt he n o it a c o l s ti h c i h w n i s e c n a t s m u c ri c l a i c o s d n a , e m it l a c ir o t s i h , e l a c o l l a r e n e g

e h t s i k r o w a n i h ti w e n e c s r o e d o s i p e e l g n i s a f o g n it t e s e h t , e c n e H . s r u c c o

l a c i s y h p r a l u c it r a

p locaiton in which i ttake splace (1985:192) .Hi sstatemen t t I . e c a l p f o g n it t e s s i e r e h t ,l l a f o t s ri F . g n it t e s f o s e p y t e e r h t e r a e r e h t t a h t s y e v n o c

f o g n it t e s s i e r e h t , d n o c e S . e c a l p e k a t y r o t s e h t n i s t n e v e e h t e r e h w s e n i m r e t e d

n e h w s e n i m r e t e d t I . e m

it theevent shappen.I talwaysr eferst oace trainpeirod o f l a i c o s ‘ s a t i d e ll a c s m a r b A . n o it a u ti s f o g n it t e s s i e r e h t , y lt s a L . e m it

f o e p y t s i h t y ll a u t c a t a h t d o o t s r e d n u e b n a c t I . n o it a u ti s l a i c o s r o ’ s e c n a t s m u c ri c

u l a v r o s e l u r n i a tr e c a o t r e f e r g n it t e

s est ha tareappiledi nt hes ociety.

n o i n i p o r a li m i

S i salso stated by Holman in hi sbook A Handbook to .

e r u t a r e ti

L He infers tha tsetitng i sthe background agains twhich aciton take s e

c a l

p (2009:508) .Fu trhermore ,he also stated severa lelement stha tmade up a :

g n it t e s

l a c i s y h p h c u s d n a , y r e n e c s , y h p a r g o p o t s ti , n o it a c o l l a c i h p a r g o e g e h t . a

; m o o r a n i s r o o d d n a s w o d n i w e h t f o n o it a c o l e h t s a s t n e m e g n a r r a

o g n i v il f o r e n n a m y li a d d n a s n o it a p u c c o e h t .

b ft hecharacters;

y r o t s i h n i h c o p e , e l p m a x e r o f , e c a l p s e k a t n o it c a e h t h c i h w n i d o ir e p r o e m it e h t . c

(29)

(30)

(31)

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(33)

y t e i c o S e h t d n a e r u t a r e ti L n e e w t e b n o it a l e R f o y r o e h T . 4

f o h t o B . d e t a r a p e s e b t o n n a c t i s d n u o r r u s t a h t y t e i c o s s ti d n a e r u t a r e ti L

. r e h t o h c a e s e c n e u lf n i n e v e t i , d e t a l e r e r a m e h

t The wo lrd and the society i s

e r u t a r e ti l f o k r o w a e li h w , e r u t a r e ti l f o k r o w e h t y b d e t c e f f a y lt n a t s n o

c i s

e h t y b d e t c e f f a y l e t u l o s b

a wo lrd tha tsurround si tand the author .Apparen lty , k

o o b r e h n i d e t a t s d n a l g n a L h t e b a z il

E Society in the Novel ,stated tha t“ Ihave l l a e s e h t e s u a c e b , r o h t u a d e il p m i/ r o t a r r a n d n a , y t e i c o s , r e t c a r a h c o t fl e s y m d e ti m il

r e t n e c e h t e r a d n a l e v o n e h t n i e r e h n

i sofj udgmen tmanipulated wtihin t henove l s

e d u l c n i o s l a e h s , e li h w n a e M . ) 1 1 : 4 8 9 1

( fou rbasicarrangement soft hosecenter s :

e v o b a d e n o it n e m e u l a v f o

h ti w t c il f n o c n i g n i e b s a d e t n e s e r p e r a u e il i m l a i c o s a n i d e h s e m n e s r e t c a r a h C . a

l a it n e t o p l a u d i v i d n I .

ti meet ssocia lpossiblitiy ,and the resul ti ssome persona l .

e c if ir c a s r o n o it a ti m il

y b d n a l e v o n s i h f o d lr o w e h t n i d e g a g n e e m o c e b o t e s o o h c y a m r o t a r r a n e h T . b

. e m o c t u o e v it a r r a n e h t t c e f f a e c n e s e r p s i h

t c u rt s e d y l b a ti v e n i s a d e t c i p e d e b n a c y t e i c o S .

c ive o fhuman possiblitiy .The d n a s l a u d i v i d n i n e e w t e b t c il f n o c e h t t h g i e w s l e v o n c it s il a r u t a n /l a c i g o l o i c o s

o t t c e j b u s t s o m e r a s r e t c a r a h c e l b a ri m d a t s o m e h t t a h t y a w a h c u s n i y t e i c o s

f tr a p a m e h t g n it t e s n a h t r e h t a r ,s e it il a u q t s e b r i e h t e c n i s n o it c u rt s e

d rom society’ s

(34)

l l u f e h t e t a d o m m o c c a o t h g u o n e e l b i x e lf e b n a c , s tl u a f s ti e ti p s e d , y t e i c o S . d

n o it a z il a e

r ofi ndividua lpossiblitiy.

k r o w e m a r F l a c it e r o e h T . C

s 0 7 9 1 e h t n i s i s ir c e h t w o h s l li w r e ti r w e h t , s i s e h t e t a u d a r g r e d n u s i h t n I

s ’ n n a C c M m u l o C n i n e e s s a y ti C k r o Y w e

N Lett heGrea tWorld Spin .Theo ire s s i h t n i s m e l b o r p e h t e v l o s o t d e d e e n e r a s r e h t o y b d e t a t s n o i n i p o d n a

. s i s e h t e t a u d a r g r e d n

u Review on related studie sis needed to measure how fa r o t t n a tr o p m i s i t I . r e ti r w e h t y b n e s o h c s i t a h t c i p o t e h t d e s s u c s i d e v a h s r e h t o

w o n k o t s a h r e ti r w e h t ,s d r o w e l p m i s n I . m s ir a i g a l p d e t n a w n u r o g n i g d u j s i m d i o v a

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(35)

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(36)

y d u t S e h t f o h c a o r p p A . B

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y r a r e ti l a t a h t , n o i n i p o s ’ n ir e u G n o d e s a b , s u o i v b o s i ti o S . ) 1 5 : 5 0 0 2 ( k r o w e h t n i

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w nced by the society and the autho r tisefl . Thi s g n i d n if d n a a r e n i a tr e c a f o n o it a u ti s e h t d n a g n it t e s e h t n o s e s o p x e h c a o r p p a

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e t c i p e d n o it c e lf e r n w o s ti d n a d lr o w e h t n e e w t e b s n o it a l e

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n e e s n o it c e lf e r e h t d n a A S U e h t n i s t n a r g i m m i h s ir I f o e fi l e h t s e z y l a n a r e ti r w

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(37)

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(38)

5 2

V I R E T P A H C

S I S Y L A N A

d e t a t s e r a h c i h w s n o it s e u q s r e w s n a d n a s e s s u c s i d r e ti r w e h t , r e t p a h c s i h t n I

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discusse sa single problem .The fris tpar tfocuse son t he porrtai tof t he 1970s New

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r e d a e r e h t y b d e t e r p r e t n i e r a o h w , k r o w e v it a r r a n r o c it a m a r d a n i d e t n e s e r p s n o s r e p

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(39)

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(40)

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