THE ROLE OF DAYOK NA BINATUR IN SIMALUNGUN
WEDDING CEREMONY
A THESIS
Submitted to the English and Literature Department Faculty of Languages and Arts UNIMED as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for
the Degree of Sarjana Sastra
By:
AGATHA CRISTY YESSHINTA PURBA
Registration Number. 2103220004
ENGLISH AND LITERATURE DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Thankful to God for blessings, mercy, guidance, strength, and help which have been given to her so she can finish this Thesis well.
This Thesis was written in order to fulfill one of the requirements to obtain the degree of Sarjana Sastra in English Department of Faculty of Languages and Arts, State University of Medan.
In the completion of this Thesis, the writer was greatly indebted to many people which without their help; she will not be able to complete this Thesis properly. Therefore, on this occasion the writer would like to express her gratitude and appreciation to:
Prof. Dr. Ibnu Hajar Damanik, M.Si. as the Rector of State University of Medan.
Dr. Isda Pramuniati, M.Hum. as the Dean of Faculty of Languages and Arts, State University of Medan.
Prof. Dr. Hj. Sumarsih, M.Pd. as the Head of English Department, Rika, S.Pd., M.Hum. as the Secretary of English Department, Dra. Meisuri, MA. as the Head of Non-Educational English Program, and Dra. Masitowarni Siregar, M.Ed. as the Head of Educational English Program.
Prof. Dr. Lince Sihombing, M.Pd. as the Writer’s Thesis Supervisor and Academic Counselor.
Dra. Sri Juriaty Ownie, M.A., Dra. Tjut Ernidawaty, M.Hum., and
Dra. Yunita Agnes Sianipar, M.Hum., as the Examiner.
All Lecturers of English Department for lessons, advices and useful knowledge.
The best family of the author, the truly inspiring number one man, her Dad, Stephanus Purba, SE., her Mom, Dortina Sipayung, S.Pd., her Sisters Agnes Christina Yolanda Purba, Amd and Ary Citra Yasmine Purba., and her Brother Andro Clift Yansen Purba thank you for your silent prayers and support me all the way.
The writer’s special alphabet: Mariati Sembiring, Jaka Sampoerna, Ati Limbong, Veni Sitanggang, Widoro Pardosi, Fia Sembiring, My cousin: Senni Rajagukguk, Tari Purba, Tasya Rajagukguk and Oces Berutu who have given me pray, love madness, happiness, and real supports.
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Patick, S.S., R Hadi Prabowo, S.S., It means a lot to her. All of the
writer’s friends inApplied Linguistics A and B 2010, thank you for the love and having a great time studying. She will be missing those memories.
Mr. Hendra, Mr. Albert and Maam Euis for helping the writer in preparing the files for the purposes of this thesis.
Everyone who has been involved directly or indirectly in the writing of this thesis that can not be mentioned one by one, and thanks for all the memories that the writer got during her study at her beloved campus. Thank you very much. May God bless us all, Amin.
Medan, September 2014 The Writer,
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ABSTRACT
Agatha Cristy Yesshinta Purba. NIM 2103220004. The Role of Dayok Na
Binatur In Simalungun Wedding Ceremony. A Thesis. English Department,
Faculty of Languages and Arts, State University of Medan 2014.
Paper entitled "The Role of Dayok Na Binatur In Simalungun Wedding Ceremony" contains about understanding of the Simalungun Batak people reason use chicken or Dayok in a wedding ceremony as a symbol of blessing given by hula-hula and the bride's parents to the couple. And found some roles of giving dayok and their functions. There are some rules and proverbs position used when delivering dayok follow Simalungun Batak philosophy. The purpose of this paper work is to provide insight to the people especially the young generation all about the culture and philosophy of Simalungun Batak and no longer ask why dayok is worth its value to the Batak. For help writing a paper this work, the authors find information by reading books and various sources related to the topic.
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CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION ... 1
A. Background of t he Study ... 1
B. Cooperative Principle ... 7
C. Types of Maxim ... 8
I. Conceptual Framework ... 23
CHAPTER III. RESEARCH METHOD ... 25
A. Research Design ... 25
B. Data and Source of Data ... 25
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2. Source of Data ... 26
C. Technique for Collecting Data ... 26
D. Technique for Analyzing Data ... 27
CHAPTER IV. DATA AND DATA ANALYSIS ... 28
A. The Data ... 28
B. The Data Analysis ... 28
C. Research Findings ... 39
D. Discussion ... 40
CHAPTER V. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS ... 41
A. Conclusions ... 41
B. Suggestions ... 42
REFERENCES ... 43
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LIST OF PICTURE
Page
Picture 4.1 Dayok Na Binatur ... 31
Picture 4.2 Head ‘ulu’ ... 32
Picture 4.3 Neck ‘borgok’ ... 33
Picture 4.4 Rempelo ‘Dekke Bagas’ ... 33
Picture 4.5 Breastbone ‘Tuppak’ ... 34
Picture 4.6 Groin ‘Tulan Bolon’ ... 35
Picture 4.7 Chicken Thigh ‘Tulan Parnamur’ ... 35
Picture 4.8 Chicken Claw ‘Kais-Kais’ ... 36
Picture 4.9 Wing ‘Habong’ ... 37
Picture 4.10 Egg Cell ‘Tuahni’ ... 37
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LIST OF APPENDICES
Page
APPENDIX A. Script from3 Simalungun Wedding Ceremony……….45
1
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. The Background of the Study
Human use language as a tool of communication to convey uttered
meaning by a person to another one either in written or spoken language.
Language is a complex symbolic system that people use to communicate and to
transmit culture (Wadsworth, 2007:8). Culture is “Everything that people have,
think, and do as member of society” (Ferraro, 2003). Cultural values as national
identities should be maintained so that the identity and character of the nation can
be found in the culture.
Culture is all the actualization and the overall results of thought (logic),
feelings (aesthetics) and willingness (ethics) as the fruit of the efforts of the
favour in managing copyright, taste and cultural works to realize the intention and
interaction of cultures and cultural products spiritual material. According to the
experts that every culture is generally at least consists of three forms: the first
form of culture idea of a set of ideas that are often called the complex notion.
Second, existed as the number of patterned behavior called complex activities.
Third, the existence of culture as a collection of objects and the meaning of
America called the work culture.
A culture is one of Indonesian’s heritages that must be kept. As an
archipelago country, Indonesia is a country which is rich with culture and custom
as heritage that spread from Sabang to Merauke. There are many islands and
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has it is own uniqueness and it is preserved until now. For example, in North
Sumatra there are many tribes. One of them is Simalungun Batak who has many
kinds of ceremony, such as birth, mourning, and etc. Culture and custom that are
always different from one province to another province have a special
characteristic for every region in Indonesia. Culture results may be crafts, songs,
dances, clothes, food and so forth.
Similarly with Simalungun people, they use Dayok Na Binatur (cooked
chicken) as their traditional food (Japiten, 2001:24-25). Dayok Na Binatur has
meaningful cultural and ritual for Simalungun people. This food has many
messages or advice for those who will be given the food, for example: in order to
occupy the position and perform their duties full as father, mother, son, etc.
Dayok Na Binatur is serving dishes made from chicken meat. Beside serve
as a side dish this food has a very important function especially for Simalungun
people. Dayok Na Binaturis always presented in a traditional ceremony every
Simelungun. Actually, this food serve in some ceremonies, likes: dead, birth, enter
a new house and wedding (Marhajabuan). Dayok or chicken has a natural attitude
consistent in time, willing to sacrifice and tolerant of others with crows awaken
people to signify the start of the activities of life.Simalungun people choose
rooster as the main ingredient of their traditional foods, because the rooster as a
symbol of gallantry, strength, spirit, work hard, never give up, and dignity.
In the ritual of Simalungun Batak wedding ceremony commonly use
some signs form of object which has a meaning. The sign might be a symbol,
3
Binatur. Dayok Na Binatur used to apply as a symbolic from hula-hula and
bride’s parent that deliver to a bride as expectation, as a blessings prayer, and as a
petition.
This food usually given as thanksgiving to God for all that they have.
When giving this food the giver saying: “Sai andohar ma songon paraturni Dayok
Na Binaturon ma hagolohan pakkon pikiran nasiam (we hope your life like this
Dayok Na Binatur on your mindset). In Simalungun culture, people whocan give
Dayok Na Binatur are people who are married. The first give Dayok Na Binaturis
the groom’s parents to that couple, the bride’s parents to that couple and their
uncle to that couple. In wedding ceremony, chicken or dayok na binatur used to
applied as a symbolic from hula-hula and bride’s parents that deliver to a bride as
expectation, as a blessings prayer, and as a petition.
The topic of this paper has been consciously and carefully choosen for
some reasons: Firstly, the writer wants to introduce the writer’s custom to other
tribe. Secondly, the writer is very interested in the marriage tradition of Batak
people which is done from many years ago, and it is still happens until now,
although it has been changed from the original. Lastly, the writer hopes that she
can enrich her culture know ledge about Indonesian culture, especially her culture
by writing this topic, and this paper can be useful for the reader.
For the writer, describing of Dayok Na Binatur as a special food in every
ceremonial is become something interest to be known and learn because public
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Binatur that usually apply in some of ceremonial has many norm and rules to
arrange their culture.So everyone who read this paper will understand and more
aware about beliefs and tradition of Batak ethnic in our country.
One of the previous researches about Dayok Na Binatur was a study
Falsafah Dayok Binatur pada masyarakat Simalungun (studi di pematang raya,
kecamatan raya, kabupaten simalungun) (Sipayung, Swisty Rahyu, 2013). This
thesis discussed about the background presenting of Dayok Binatur as
Simalungun traditional food. In addition, there is a Simalungun public interest
with chicken characteristic that can be used as rule of life, so that the Dayok
Binatur is used as Simalungun traditional food and the social values in Dayok
Binatur as Simalungun traditional food. In the end, the researchers concluded that
Dayok Binatur serve asSimalungun traditional food because there are some of
chicken characteristic that can be guided in people life.
Another previous research about Dayok Binatur was a study, titled was
Makna Tanda Dalam Dayok Binatur (Sinaga, Juliati Stefana. 2010). This thesis
discussed about the sign meaning of Dayok Binatur as a Simalungun traditional
food symbol. Sign in Dayok Binatur has unique look, social value, and very
important meaning, likes: the representation and interpretation Dayok Binatur. In
sign term was found some meaning, likes: ’ulu’ (chicken head), ’tuppak’ (split
breast)’borgok’, (chicken neck) ’tulan bolon’, (whole chicken leg)’tulan
parnamur’, (drummstick)’habong’, (chicken wing)’habong’, (chicken claw)’kais
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B. The Problems of the Study
Based on the background of the study above, the problems of the study are
formulated as follows:
1. What languages convey when giving Dayok Na Binatur to bridegroom in
Simalungun Wedding Ceremony?
2. What are the utterances meaning when convey Dayok Na Binatur to
bridegroom in Simalungun Wedding Ceremony?
3. What are the social values of giving Dayok Na Binatur?
C. The Objectives of the Study
Related to the problems of the study, the objectives of this study are:
1. To know the language that use when giving Dayok Na Binatur in
Simalungun Wedding Ceremony.
2. To know the utterance meaning when give Dayok Na Binatur for
bridegroom in Simalungun Wedding Ceremony.
3. To know the social values of Dayok Na Binatur.
D. The Scope of the Study
The scope of the study is necessary to lead the readers in recognizing that
study. That is why the scope of the study must be limited. This study is limited to
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E. The Significances of the Study
The study that is designed to discover some intended results should have
some significance. In this study, it is hoped that it will give some relevant
contribution to:
1. For Simalungun young people, to be responsible to preserve Dayok Na
Binatur as a Simalungun traditional food symbol in Simalungun.
2. Other researcher, this research will be useful as a relevance of study.
a. Practically, this research finding useful for:
1) Those who are interested about Dayok Na Binatur in Simalungun
Wedding Ceremony.
2) As a device to maintain Simalungun’s culture from extinction.
3. To enrich student’s knowledge, especially students who learn English
literature and language.
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CHAPTER V
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
A. Conclusions
Dayok Na Binatur is serving dishes made from chicken meat. Beside
serve as a side dish this food has a very important function especially for
Simalungun people. Dayok Na Binatur has an important rolein theSimalungun
culturenotonlyin weddingceremony, butin all simalungun ceremonies. Dayok or
chicken has a natural attitude consistent in time, willing to sacrifice and tolerant of
others with crows awaken people to signify the start of the activities of life.
Simalungun people choose rooster as the main ingredient of their traditional
foods, because the rooster as a symbol of gallantry, strength, spirit, work hard,
never give up, and dignity. In the ritual of Simalungun Batak wedding ceremony
commonly use some signs form of object which has a meaning. The sign might be
a symbol, index, and icon. One of the sign most interest to write is chicken or
Dayok Na Binatur. Dayok Na Binatur used to apply as a symbolic from hula-hula
and bride’s parent that deliver to a bride as expectation, as a blessings prayer, and
as a petition.
This food usually given as thanksgiving to God for all that they have.
When giving this food the giver saying: “Sai andohar ma songon paraturni Dayok
Na Binatur on ma hagolohan pakkon pikiran nasiam(we hope your life like this
Dayok Na Binatur on your mindset). In Simalungun culture, people who can give
Dayok Na Binatur are people who are married. The first give Dayok Na Binatur is
41
uncle to that couple. In wedding ceremony, chicken or dayok na binatur used to
applied as a symbolic from hula-hula and bride’s parents that deliver to a bride as
expectation, as a blessings prayer, and as a petition.
The reason for choosing chicken as Simalungun traditional food was
related influenced by the natural resources surronding and condition area or
Simalungun geographic areas located in, whichdominant is livestock and
farming.Presentation dayok nabinatur intends to convey a message or admonished
the people to be given food (dayok na binatur) is"Ase Lambin taratur tene ma
pargoluhan haganupan songon paraturni Dayok na binatur on. (Hopefully our
life as regular as this regular dayok na binatur) ". Social values in dayok na
binatur are every people that receive this food, hopefully have a regular lfe or
good life in their social life. Beside that dayok na binatur has some myth If you
like cocks comb (Barimbing): have high rank and a great job, If you like head
(ulu): smart guy but there are different opinions saying that if someone like
chicken head, there are stubborn person, If you like wings (habong): nomands or
traveler, If you like the claw (kais-kais): hardworking person, If you like the chest
(tonton) or thigh (hae-hae), unpredictable person.
Besides the symbol of hope, dayok na binatur in adat ceremony is also a
manifestaion of better life dream. It is hoped that the bride and the grrom may
follow the way of chicken live or chicken characteristic in their environment. This
kind of meaning expression is metaphorically implied in the way chicken live.
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function of the symbol that is to has precious life and happy in union ever and
forever.
B. Suggestions
This paper writing is not completely portraying the whole elements of
wedding ceremony of Simalungun Batak Ceremony. Dayok na binatur delivery in
traditional ceremony is just one among many adat materials performed in the
ceremony performance. Because of that, this study is not perfectly described in
terms of traditional ceremony. However, this study is providing a picture of
Simalungun Batak in Wedding Ceremony especially about the meaning of dayok
na binatur. So, the sense of traditional ceremony in terms of dayok na binatur
delivery may give insights to those who want tostudy further about this. To say
simply, this stusy can be used as refernce for further study of dayok na binatur in
Simalungun batak wedding ceremony.
Simalungun Batak wedding ceremony is ussually a party of community
among Batak. It strengthens togetherness and oneness as the way the chicken
(dayok) live in their surroundings. It is indicating that human beings may learn
about lives from other living creatures in this world. In doing so, the habit of
looking deeply the things around us can be furether studied scientifically for us to
understand and sharethe science for our own benefit and integrity from now on till
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