ﯽﻤﻠﻋ ﯽﺸﻫوﮋﭘ
ﺒﺼﻋ ﻪﮑﺒﺷ دﺮﺑرﺎﮐ ﯽ
ﻋﻮﻨﺼﻣ ﯽ
ﭘ رد ﯿ ﺶ ﺑﯿ ﻨ ﯽ اﺪﻫ ﯾ ﺮﺘﮑﻟا ﺖ ﯾ
ﮑ ﯽ ﺷ ﯿ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﺳزﺎﺑ ﺮ
ﺣ ﯿ ﺮﺻﺎﻧ رﺪ
1
ي ﻋ ، ﯿ ﺴ ﯽ وﺎﺑﺰﺣ
2
ي ﻓ ،
ﯿ ﺾ زﺎﺒﻬﺷ ﻪﻟا
3
ي
1 - ﺶﻧاد ﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﮐ ﻪﺘﺧﻮﻣآ ﯽ
ﻧﺎﮑﻣ هوﺮﮔ ﺪﺷرا ﯿ
ﺑ ﮏ ﯿ ﺳ ﻮ ﯿ زروﺎﺸﮐ هﺪﮑﺸﻧاد ،ﻢﺘﺴ ي
نﺎﺘﺳﺮﻟ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد
2 - دﺎﺘﺳا ﯾ ﻧﺎﮑﻣ هوﺮﮔ رﺎ ﯿ
ﺑ ﮏ ﯿ ﺳ ﻮ ﯿ زروﺎﺸﮐ هﺪﮑﺸﻧاد ،ﻢﺘﺴ ي
نﺎﺘﺳﺮﻟ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد
3 - ﺸﻧاد ﯿ ﻧﺎﮑﻣ هوﺮﮔ رﺎ ﯿ
ﺑ ﮏ ﯿ ﺳ ﻮ ﯿ زروﺎﺸﮐ هﺪﮑﺸﻧاد ،ﻢﺘﺴ ي
نﺎﺘﺳﺮﻟ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد
) رﺎﺗ ﯾ ﺦ رد ﯾ ﺖﻓﺎ : 18 / 11 / 97 رﺎﺗ ﯾ ﺦ ﺬﭘ ﯾ شﺮ : 17 / 10 / 98 (
ﮑﭼ ﯿ هﺪ
رد اﯾ ﻦ ﻘﺤﺗ ﯿ اﺪﻫ ﻖ ﯾ ﺮﺘﮑﻟا ﺖ ﯾﮑ ﯽ ﺷ ﯿ ﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﺳزﺎﺑ ﺮ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا
زا شور ﻪﮑﺒﺷ ﺒﺼﻋ ﯽ ﻋﻮﻨﺼﻣ ﯽ لﺪﻣ زﺎﺳ ي و ﭘﯿ ﺶ ﺑﯿﻨ ﯽ دﺮﮔ ﯾ ﺪ . ﺌﺗوﺮﭘ ﯿ ﻦ ) 1 ، 2 ، 3 و 4 (%
زﻮﺘﮐﻻ ، ) 4 ،
6 ، 8 و 10 (%
ﺑﺮﭼ ، ﯽ ) 3 و 6 (%
ﺎﻣد و ) 50 ، 55 ، 60 و 65 ﺴﻠﺳ ﻪﺟرد ﯿ
سﻮ ( ﻪﺑ ناﻮﻨﻋ يﺎﻫﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ ﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣ
يدورو اﺪﻫ و ﯾ ﺮﺘﮑﻟا ﺖ ﯾ ﮑ ﯽ ﺷ ﯿ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﺳزﺎﺑ ﺮ ناﻮﻨﻋ
ﻐﺘﻣ ﯿﺮ ﻪﺘﺴﺑاو ﺟوﺮﺧ ﯽ ﺮﻌﺗ ﯾ ﻒ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ . هداد يﺎﻫ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺳد هﺪﻣآ اﺪﻫ ﺶﺠﻨﺳ هﺎﮕﺘﺳد زا ﯾ
ﺮﺘﮑﻟا ﺖ ﯾ ﮑ ﯽ ﻪﺑ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ شزﻮﻣآ و نﻮﻣزآ ﻪﮑﺒﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا دﺮﮔ ﯾ ﺪ . ﻪﺑ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ
ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ لﺪﻣ يﺎﻫ ﻪﮑﺒﺷ ﯽﻋﻮﻨﺼﻣ ﯽﺒﺼﻋ اﺪﺘﺑا
هداد ﺎﻫ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺳ ﺶﺨﺑ ﯽﺷزﻮﻣآ ) 70 (%
، ﯽﺠﻨﺳرﺎﺒﺘﻋا )
15 (%
و نﻮﻣزآ ) 15 (%
ﻢﯿﺴﻘﺗ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ . ﻪﮑﺒﺷ ﺎﻫ ﺎﺑ رﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ
نوﺮﺘﭙﺳﺮﭘ ﺪﻨﭼ ﻪﯾﻻ ﻻ رﺎﻬﭼ و ﻪﺳ ،ود ترﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﯾ
شزﻮﻣآ ﻪ هداد ﺪﻧﺪﺷ . داﺪﻌﺗ ﻻﯾ ﻪ يﺎﻫ ﻔﺨﻣ ﯽ و داﺪﻌﺗ نوﺮﻧ ﺎﻫ رد ﺮﻫ ﻻﯾ ﻪ ﻪﺑ شور ﻌﺳ ﯽ و ﺎﻄﺧ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺳد ﺪﻣآ .
ﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﯾ ﻦ رﻮﮕﻟا ﯾ ﻢﺘ ﺷزﻮﻣآ ﯽ
، گﺮﺒﻧﻮﻟ تراﻮﮐرﺎﻣ- ﺎﺑ ﺮﺘﻤﮐ ﯾ ﻦ ﻣﯿ ﻣ ناﺰ ﯿ ﮕﻧﺎ ﯿ ﻦ تﺎﻌﺑﺮﻣ ﺎﻄﺧ دﻮﺑ . رﺎﯿﻌﻣ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا ﻦﯾﺮﺘﻬﺑ
،ﻪﮑﺒﺷ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﺐﯾﺮﺿ ﻦﯿﯿﺒﺗ ) R2 ( و ﻦﯾﺮﺘﻤﮐ
راﺪﻘﻣ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﻊﺑﺮﻣ ﺎﻄﺧ (MSE) دﻮﺑ . ﺶﯿﭘ رد ﯽﻨﯿﺑ اﺪﻫ ﯾ ﺮﺘﮑﻟا ﺖ ﯾﮑ ﯽ ﺷ ﯿ ﻪﮑﺒﺷ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﺳزﺎﺑ ﺮ ﺎﺑ
رﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ 1 - 4 - 4 ﻦﯾﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧ ار داد . ﻦﯾا ﻪﮑﺒﺷ رد ﻪﯾﻻ نﺎﻬﻨﭘ 4
دراد نوﺮﻧ . دﺎﻘﻣ ﯾ ﺮﺿ ﺮ ﯾ ﺒﺗ ﺐ ﯿﯿ ﺎﻄﺧ و ﻦ ي ﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ نآ ﯿ ﺐ 992 /0 و 011 /0 دﻮﺑ . ا زا ﯾ ﺎﺘﻧ ﻦ ﯾ رواﺮﻓ تﺎﺠﻧﺎﺧرﺎﮐ رد ﺞ ي
ﺷ ﯿ ﻣ ﺮ ﯽ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ هﺮﻬﺑ ناﻮﺗ ﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ .
ﯽ ﻣﯿ نﺎ
دﺎﻘﻣ ﯾ ﺎﻣزآ ﺮ ﯾ ﺸ ﯽ و ﭘﯿ ﺶ ﺑﯿﻨ ﯽ هﺪﺷ رد يﺎﻫرﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ بﻮﻠﻄﻣ
ﺑﯿ زا ﺮﺘﺸ 99 % ﻪﺑ ﺖﺳد ﺪﻣآ .
ﻠﮐ ﯿ ﺪ ژاو ﮔﺎ ن ﺷ : ﯿ اﺪﻫ ،ﻪﺘﺧﺎﺳزﺎﺑ ﺮ ﯾ
ﺮﺘﮑﻟا ﺖ ﯾ ﮑ ﯽ لﺪﻣ ، زﺎﺳ ي ، ﻪﮑﺒﺷ ﺒﺼﻋ ﯽ ﻋﻮﻨﺼﻣ ﯽ
1 - ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ
ﺷ ﯿﺮ ﯾ ﮏ ﻊﺒﻨﻣ ﻢﻬﻣ داﻮﻣ يﺬﻐﻣ درﻮﻣ ﻧﯿ زﺎ ياﺮﺑ ﺪﺷر رد نادازﻮﻧ و
نﺎﮐدﻮﮐ و ﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﯿ ﻦ ياﺮﺑ ﻆﻔﺣ ﺘﻣﻼﺳ ﯽ و يراﺪﻬﮕﻧ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ رد
نﻻﺎﺴﮔرﺰﺑ ﺖﺳا
. ﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﯿ ﻦ ﺷﯿ ﺮ ﯾ ﮏ ياﺬﻏ ﻞﻣﺎﮐ و ﺖﺳا ﻪﺑ ﻧﺎﺳآ ﯽ
ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﻢﻀﻫ و بﺬﺟ ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ 1] .[ ﺷ ﯿ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﺳزﺎﺑ ﺮ ﯾ
لﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﮏ
ﺎﺟ ﯾ ﺰﮕ ﯾ ﺷ ﻦ ﯿ ﺎﻣ ﺮ ﯾ ﺖﺳا ﻊ . اﺰﺟا ي ﺷ ﯿ ﺘﺣار ﻪﺑ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﺳزﺎﺑ ﺮ ﯽ
ﻞﺑﺎﻗ
ﻈﻨﺗ ﯿ ﻢ ﺷ زا ﺮﺗ ﯿ ﺎﻫﺮ ي ﺎﻣ ﯾ ﺖﺳا ﻊ اﺰﺟا ﺖﺒﺴﻧ . ي
ﺷ ﯿ ﻘﺘﺴﻣ رﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﺮ ﯿ
ﻢ
ﮐ ﺮﺑ ﯿﻔ ﯿ ﺛﺎﺗ لﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﺖ ﯿ
ﻣ ﺮ ﯽ دراﺬﮔ . اﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ﯾ ﺷ ﻦ ﯿ رﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﺳزﺎﺑ ﺮ
هدﺮﺘﺴﮔ ا ي ﻟﻮﺗ رد ﯿ ﺧﺮﺑ ﺪ ﯽ ﻨﺒﻟ تﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ زا ﯽ
ﻨﭘ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﯿ ﺷ ،ﺮ ﯿ ﺮ
رﻮﺘﺳﺎﭘ ﯾ ﻨﺘﺴﺑ ،هﺰ ﯽ ﻏ و ﯿ ﻣ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا هﺮ ﯽ
دﻮﺷ 2] و 3 . [ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻧﺎﺳر ﯾ ﯽ
ﯾ ﮏ هدﺎﻣ ﺺﻟﺎﺧ رد ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ ﺮﺟ ﯾ نﺎ ﺮﺘﮑﻟا ﯾ ﮑ ﯽ
، اﺪﻫ ﯾ ﺖ ﺮﺘﮑﻟا ﯾ ﮑ ﯽ
ﻪﺘﻔﮔ ﻣ ﯽ دﻮﺷ ﻪﮐ ﺎﺑ ﺪﺣاو ﻣﯿ زوﺮﮑ ﯾ ﺲﻨﻤ ﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﺮﺑ ﯽ ﺮﺘﻣ ) ms/cm (
ﺑﯿ نﺎ ﻣ ﯽ دﻮﺷ . اﺪﻫ ﯾ ﺮﺘﮑﻟا ﺖ ﯾ ﮑ ﯽ ﯾ و ﮏ ﯾ ﮔﮋ ﯽ ﺖﮐﺮﺣ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا
ﻧآﯿ ﺪﺗﺎﮐ و ﺪﻧآ ﻪﺑ نﻮ ي
اﺮﺑ نوﺮﺘﮑﻟا لﺎﻘﺘﻧا و ﺪﺗﺎﮐ ﻪﺑ ي
ﻤﮑﺗ ﯿ ﺴﻣ ﻞ ﯿ ﺮ
ﺖﺳا . اﺪﻫ ﯾ ﺖ ﺮﺘﮑﻟا ﯾ ﮑ ﯽ ﺷﯿ ﺮ ﺎﺗﺪﻤﻋ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻪﺑ حﻼﻣا دﻮﺟﻮﻣ نآ رد
ﻪﺑ وﯾ هﮋ ﯾ نﻮ ﻫ يﺎ ﺪﺳ ﯾ ﻢ ﺳﺎﺘﭘ،
ﯿ ﻢ و ﺮﻠﮐ ﺖﺳا 4] . [ ﺮﺑ ﺮﺛﻮﻣ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ
ﺖﮐﺮﺣ ﯾ نﻮ زا ﺪﻨﺗرﺎﺒﻋ ﺎﻫ :
ﻧﺎﮑﻣ ندز ﻢﻬﺑ و ﺎﻣد ،ژﺎﺘﻟو ،ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﯿ
ﮑ ﯽ
5] .[ ﺷ رﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﯿﻤ ﯿﺎﯾ ﯽ ﯾ ﻧ هدﺎﻣ ﮏ ﯿ اﺪﻫ ﺮﺑ ﺰ ﯾ ﺮﺘﮑﻟا ﺖ ﯾ ﮑ ﯽ ﺛﺎﺗ نآ ﯿ ﺮ
ﻣ ﯽ دراﺬﮔ ﺌﺗوﺮﭘ . ﯿ اﺪﻫ ﺮﺑ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﺮﺛا ﻦ ﯾ
ﺮﺘﮑﻟا ﺖ ﯾ ﮑ ﯽ دراد 6] رد [
ﻟﺎﺣ ﯽ ﺑﺮﭼ ﻪﮐ ﯽ ﻤﻧ زﻮﺘﮐﻻ و ﯽ
ﺮﺟ ﺪﻨﻧاﻮﺗ ﯾ ﺪﻨﻨﮐ لﺮﺘﻨﮐ ار نﺎ .
اﺪﻫ ﯾ ﺖ
ﺮﺘﮑﻟا ﯾ ﮑ ﯽ ﺷ ﯿ اﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ﺮ ﯾ ﺑﺮﭼ و زﻮﺘﮐﻻ ﺶ ﯽ
ﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ، ﯽ ﯾ ﺪﺑﺎ 7] . [ ﺎﺑ
ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ناﺰﯿﻣ بآ
،ﺮﯿﺷ ﺖﯾاﺪﻫ ﯽﮑﯾﺮﺘﮑﻟا ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺧ ﯽﻄ ﺎﺑ و ﺶﻫﺎﮐ
ﯽﺑﺮﭼ
،ﺮﯿﺷ ﺖﯾاﺪﻫ ﯽﮑﯾﺮﺘﮑﻟا ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا اﺪﯿﭘ ﯽﻣ ﺪﻨﮐ 8] .[ رد ﯽﺗﺎﻌﯾﺎﻣ
ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ
،ﺮﯿﺷ ﺖﯾاﺪﻫ ﯽﮑﯾﺮﺘﮑﻟا ار ﺮﺑ يﺎﻨﺒﻣ ﺎﺠﺑﺎﺟ ﯾ ﺎﻬﻧﻮﯾ ﯽ و ﺖﮐﺮﺣ
ﺎﻬﻧوﺮﺘﮑﻟا رد يﺎﻫﺮﯿﺴﻣ صﺎﺧ ﯽﻣ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ
،ﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﻪﺑ ﻦﯾا ﺐﯿﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﮐ ﺎﺑ
وﺮﻓ ندﺮﺑ ود دوﺮﺘﮑﻟا رد و لﻮﻠﺤﻣ لﺎﻤﻋا ﮏﯾ ژﺎﺘﻟو
،صﺎﺧ ناﺰﯿﻣ
ﺖﻣوﺎﻘﻣ لﻮﻠﺤﻣ هزاﺪﻧا ﯽﻣ يﺮﯿﮔ ددﺮﮔ . ﻪﺑ ﻞﯿﻟد ﻪﮑﻧآ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا زا
نﺎﯾﺮﺟ ﻢﯿﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﻦﮑﻤﻣ ﺮﺠﻨﻣ ﺖﺳا ﻪﺑ
نﻮﯿﺳاﺰﯾرﻼﭘ ﺎﻫدوﺮﺘﮑﻟا
،دﻮﺷ
ﻮﻤﻌﻣ ﻻ زا ﮏﯾ بوﺎﻨﺘﻣ ژﺎﺘﻟو هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا
ﯽﻣ دﻮﺷ و رد ﯽﺴﻟﺎﭘ زا نﺎﻣز
هﺪﻨﻨﮐرﻮﺒﻋ نﺎﯾﺮﺟ ﻪﺑ
راﺪﻣ ﺮﻔﺻ ﯽﻣ ﺪﺳر و رد هدوﺪﺤﻣ ﺲﻧﺎﮐﺮﻓ
لﺎﻤﻋا هﺪﺷ ناﺰﯿﻣ ﺖﻣوﺎﻘﻣ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﯽﻣ
،ددﺮﮔ رد ﺎﺠﻨﯾا دﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﮏﻤﻧ
رد ﮏﯾ لﻮﻠﺤﻣ ﯽﻣ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ يور نﻮﯿﺳاﺰﯾرﻼﭘ ﺮﺛﻮﻣ ﺎﻫدوﺮﺘﮑﻟا
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ و
ﯽﻬﯾﺪﺑ ﺖﺳا ﻪﺑ يﺮﯿﮔرﺎﮐ ﯽﺴﻧﺎﮐﺮﻓ ﻪﮐ رد نﻮﯿﺳاﺰﯾرﻼﭘ نآ 9]
.[ اﺪﻫ لﻮﻤﻌﻣ رﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﯾ
ﺮﺘﮑﻟا ﺖ ﯾ ﮑ ﯽ ﺷ ﯿ ﺎﻣد رد ﺮ ي 25 ﻪﺟرد
ﺴﻠﺳ ﯿ وﺪﺤﻣ رد سﻮ هد
4 ﺎﺗ ms/cm 5 /5 ﺖﺳا 10] .[ ﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﯿ ﻦ
اﺪﻫ ﯾ ﺮﺘﮑﻟا ﺖ ﯾ ﮑ ﯽ اﺰﻓا تراﺮﺣ ﻪﺟرد ﺎﺑ ﯾ
ﻣ ﺶ ﯽ ﯾ ﺪﺑﺎ 2] . [ رد ﻂﯾاﺮﺷ
هﺎﮕﺸﯾﺎﻣزآ طﺎﺒﺗرا
ﻦﯿﺑ ﯽﻄﺧ ﺎﻣد
و ﺖﯾاﺪﻫ ﯽﮑﯾﺮﺘﮑﻟا دﻮﺟو دراد
ﻪﮑﯾرﻮﻄﺑ رد يﺎﻣد ﻦﯿﺑ 15 ﺎﺗ 40 ﻪﺟرد ﺴﻠﺳ ﯿ ﻪﺑ سﻮ ءازا ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا
ﺮﻫ ﻪﺟرد ناﺰﯿﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻣد ms/cm
113 / 0 ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺖﯾاﺪﻫ ﯽﮑﯾﺮﺘﮑﻟا
هﺪﯾد ﯽﻣ دﻮﺷ 8] . [ اﺪﻫ ﯾ ﺮﺘﮑﻟا ﺖ ﯾ ﮑ ﯽ هدﺮﺘﺴﮔ رﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ا
ي ﺎﻨﺻ رد ﯾ ﻊ
ﻨﺒﻟ ﯽ ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا درﻮﻣ هزاﺪﻧا .
ﮔﯿ ﺮ ي اﺪﻫ ﯾ ﺮﺘﮑﻟا ﺖ ﯾ ﮑ ﯽ
ﯾ ﮑ ﯽ ﺎﻬﺷور زا ي اﺮﺑ ﺖﺴﺗ ي ﻌﺗ ﯿﯿ دﺎﻘﻣ ﻦ ﯾ ﺎﻬﮑﻤﻧ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ زا ﺮ ي
لﻮﻠﺤﻣ 5] و 11 ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ ،[ ناﺰﯿﻣ نﻮﯾ يﺎﻫ رد دازآ ﺮﯿﺷ 8] ناﺰﯿﻣ ،[
ﻦﯿﺌﺗوﺮﭘ ردﻮﭘ بآ ﺮﯿﻨﭘ 12] و 13 ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ ،[ ناﺰﯿﻣ ﻦﯿﺋزﺎﮐ رد ﺪﻨﯾآﺮﻓ
نﺪﯿﺳر ﺮﯿﻨﭘ 14] و 15 ﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ دروآﺮﺑ ،[ ﻪﻧازور
ﺮﯿﺷ و ناﺰﯿﻣ ﯽﺑﺮﭼ
نآ 7] و 15 ﻣ [ ﯽ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﺎﺠﻧآزا ﻪﮐ ﭘ ياﺮﺑ ﯿ ﺶ ﺑﯿﻨ ﯽ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ يﺎﻫ
ﮐﯿ ﻔ ﯽ تﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ يزروﺎﺸﮐ
ﺪﻨﭼ ﯾ ﻦ ﻐﺘﻣ ﯿ يدورو ﺮ ﺟوﺮﺧو
ﯽ
،ﺪﻧﺮﺛﺆﻣ ﻠﺤﺗ ﯿ ﻞ يرﺎﻣآ اﯾ ﻦ عﻮﻧ ﻞﺋﺎﺴﻣ مﺰﻠﺘﺴﻣ يداﺪﻌﺗ ﻪﺋارا ﻂﺑاور
رﯾ ﺿﺎ ﯽ ﺖﺳا ﻪﮐ ﺐﻠﻏا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا و ﺴﻔﺗ ﯿ ﺎﻬﻧآ ﺮ ﻞﮑﺸﻣ ﺖﺳا 16] .[
هزوﺮﻣا ﺎﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ اﺰﻣ ﯾ يﺎ يروﺎﻨﻓ ﻋﻮﻨﺼﻣ شﻮﻫ ﯽ
هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﻪﮑﺒﺷزا
يﺎﻫ ﺒﺼﻋ ﯽ ﻋﻮﻨﺼﻣ ﯽ ياﺮﺑ ﺒﺷ ﯿﻪ يزﺎﺳ ﭘ و ﯿ ﺶ ﺑﯿﻨ ﯽ يﺎﻫﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ
درﻮﻣ ﻧﯿ زﺎ رد آﺮﻓ ﯾ يﺎﻫﺪﻨ زروﺎﺸﮐ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ي
ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ لﺎﺣرد ﺖﺳا
.
ﺒﺼﻋ ﻪﮑﺒﺷ ﯽ
ﻋﻮﻨﺼﻣ ﯽ
، ﯾ ﮑ ﯽ زا شور يﺎﻫ ﺗﺎﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﯽ ﺖﺳا ﻪﮐ ﻪﺑ
ﮏﻤﮐ آﺮﻓ ﯾ ﺪﻨ ﯾ ﮔدﺎ ﯿ يﺮ و ﺎﺑ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا زا شزادﺮﭘ هﺮﮔ ﺎﻫ ﯾ ﯽ ﻪﺑ مﺎﻧ
نوﺮﻧ شﻼﺗ ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﻨﮐ ﺎﺑ ﺖﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﻂﺑاور ﺗاذ ﯽ ﺑﯿ ﻦ هداد ﺘﺷﺎﮕﻧ ،ﺎﻫ ﯽ
ﻣﯿ نﺎ يﺎﻀﻓ يدورو ) ﻻﯾ ﻪ يدورو ( و يﺎﻀﻓ بﻮﻠﻄﻣ ) ﻻﯾ ﻪ
ﺟوﺮﺧ ﯽ ( ﻪﺋارا ﺪﻫد 17] .[ ﺎﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻤﻫا ﯿ ﺷ ﺖ ﯿ رواﺮﻓ و ﺮ ي ،نآ
لﺪﻣ ﭘ و يزﺎﺳ ﯿ ﺶ ﺑﯿﻨ ﯽ اﺪﻫ ﯾ ﺮﺘﮑﻟا ﺖ ﯾ ﮑ ﯽ ﺷ ﯿ ﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﺳزﺎﺑ ﺮ ﮏﻤﮐ
ﺒﺼﻋ ﻪﮑﺒﺷ ﯽ ﻋﻮﻨﺼﻣ ﯽ رد اﯾ ﻦ ﻘﺤﺗ ﯿ ﻖ درﻮﻣ ﺳرﺮﺑ ﯽ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ .
2 - داﻮﻣ و شور ﺎﻫ
ﻟد ﻪﺑ ﯿ ا ﻞ ﯾ ﺎﻫوﺎﮔ داﮋﻧ ﻪﮑﻨ ي
ﺷ ﯿ ﺬﻐﺗ عﻮﻧ و هدﺮ ﯾ
ا ﻪ ﯾ توﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﺎﻫوﺎﮔ ﻦ
ﻨﭽﻤﻫ و ﺖﺳا ﯿ
ﻐﺗ ﻦ ﯿﯿ ﮐﺮﺗ ﺪﺻرد لﺮﺘﻨﮐ و ﺮ ﯿ
ﺷ تﺎﺒ ﯿ ﻗد ،ﺮ ﯿ و ﻖ ﯾ ﺎ
ﻧ ﺖﺣار ﯿ ﺖﺴ ) ﻧدوﺰﻓا داﻮﻣ و بآ راﺪﻘﻣ ﯽ
ﺷ رد دﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﯿ
ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﺮ
ﻧﯿ ﺖﺴ ( اﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ، ﯾ ﺷ ردﻮﭘ زا ﻦ ﯿ
ﻞﻤﮑﻣ نوﺪﺑ و ﺺﻟﺎﺧ ﻪﮐ ﮏﺸﺧ ﺮ
اﺬﻏ ﯾ ﯽ ﻣ ﯽ ا رد ،ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﯾ
ﻘﺤﺗ ﻦ ﯿ ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﻖ 18]
.[ ﺷ ردﻮﭘ ﯿ ﺮ
ﺌﺗوﺮﭘ ﺪﺻرد ﯿ
ﻦ ( ﺷ ﻪﻧﺎﺧرﺎﮐ زا ﯿ
لﺎﺳ رد دﺎﺑآ مﺮﺧ هﺎﮕﭘ ﺮ 1396
ﻬﺗ ﯿ ﻪ
ﺪﺷ ) لوﺪﺟ 1 .(
اﺮﺑ ي ﮐﺮﺗ ﺪﺻرد نﺪﻧﺎﺳر ﯿ
ﺷ تﺎﺒ ﯿ دﺎﻘﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺮ ﯾ درﻮﻣ ﺮ
ﻧﯿ ا رد زﺎ ﯾ ﺷ داﻮﻣ زا ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦ ﯿﻤ
ﯿﺎﯾ ﯽ ا ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﯾ ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا رﺎﮐ ﻦ .
ﺗﯿ ﺎﻫرﺎﻤ ي ا رد هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا درﻮﻣ ﯾ
ﻘﺤﺗ ﻦ ﯿ ﺌﺗوﺮﭘ ﺪﺻرد ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻖ ﯿ
ﻦ ) 1،
2 ،
3 و 4 ﺪﺻرد ( زﻮﺘﮐﻻ ﺪﺻرد ، ﯾ
ﺪﻨﻗ ﺎ ) 4 ، 6 ، 8 و 10 ﺪﺻرد ( و
ﺑﺮﭼ ﺪﺻرد ﯽ
) 3 و 6 رد ﺪﺻ ( ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . اﺮﺑ ي اﺰﻓا ﯾ زﻮﺘﮐﻻ ﺪﺻرد ﺶ
ﺷ ردﻮﭘ ﯿ اﺮﺑ ،زﻮﺘﮐﻻ ردﻮﭘ زا ﮏﺸﺧ ﺮ ي
اﺰﻓا ﯾ ﺌﺗوﺮﭘ ﺶ ﯿ ردﻮﭘ زا ﻦ
ﺋزﺎﮐ ﯿ ﺪﺳ تﺎﻨ ﯾ اﺮﺑ ،ﻢ ي اﺰﻓا ﯾ ﺑﺮﭼ ﺪﺻرد ﺶ ﯽ
ﺷ ردﻮﭘ ﯿ زا ﮏﺸﺧ ﺮ
ﺣ هﺮﮐ ﯿ ﻧاﻮ ﯽ ) ﻞﻣﺎﺷ 5/
83 ﺑﺮﭼ ﺪﺻرد ﯽ
دوﺪﺣ و 16
ﺪﺻرد
ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ( اﺮﺑ و ي ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ نﺪﻧﺎﺳر ﻢﺠﺣ ﻪﺑ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺮﻄﻘﻣ بآ زا ﺎﻫ
ﺪﺷ 19] .[ ﻣﺎﻤﺗ رد ﯽ ﺎﻣزآ ﯾ ﺷ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ مﺮﺟ ،تﺎﺸ ﯿ
ﺎﺑ ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﺳزﺎﺑ ﺮ
100 ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ رد مﺮﮔ .
ﺎﻣزآ داﻮﻣ ﯾ ﻫﺎﮕﺸ ﯽ كﺮﻣ ﺖﮐﺮﺷ زا
ﻬﺗ نﺎﻤﻟآ ﯿ ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﻪ .
ا ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﯾ
اﺮﺑ ﻪﮑﻨ ي ﻬﺗ ﯿ ﺷ ﻪ ﯿ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﺳزﺎﺑ ﺮ
ﻣ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا غاد ﺎﺘﺒﺴﻧ بآ زا ﻻﻮﻤﻌﻣ ﯽ
اﺮﺑ ،ﺪﺷ ي ﺛﺎﺗ ﯿ ﻞﮐ ،ﺎﻣد رﻮﺘﮐﺎﻓ ﺮ
ﺎﻣزآ ﯾ رد تﺎﺸ 4 ﺎﻣد ﺢﻄﺳ ﯾ ﯽ ) 50 ، 55 ، 60 و 65 ﺴﻠﺳ ﻪﺟرد ﯿ
سﻮ (
ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ترﻮﺻ .
Table 1 Percentage of essential components of
dried milk powder 33 Protein
0.1 Fat
3.6 Moisture
55 Lactose
هزاﺪﻧا رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﮔﯿ
ﺮ ي ﻣ ﯿ ﺎﻣزآ داﻮﻣ ناﺰ ﯾ
ﻫﺎﮕﺸ ﯽ ﻧ درﻮﻣ ﯿ اﺮﺑ زﺎ ي ﻬﺗ ﯿ ﻪ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺎﻫ ي ﺷ ﯿ ﻨﭽﻤﻫ و ﻪﺘﺧﺎﺳزﺎﺑ ﺮ ﯿ
ﺎﻬﻧ مﺮﺟ ﻦ ﯾ
ﯽ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ زا ،ﺎﻫ ﯾ ﮏ
وزاﺮﺗ ي د ﯾ ﺠ ﯿ لﺪﻣ لﺎﺘ AND GF-6000 ﺎﺑ ﻦﭘاژ رﻮﺸﮐ ﺖﺧﺎﺳ
ﺖﻗد 1/
0 ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا مﺮﮔ .
اﺮﺑ ي ﺎﻣد نﺪﻧﺎﺳر ي
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺎﻣد ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ ي
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ فﺮﻇ ،ﺮﻈﻧ درﻮﻣ رﺎﻣ ﻦﺑ هﺎﮕﺘﺳد رد ﺎﻫ
ي ) Memmert
ﺖﺧﺎﺳ نﺎﻤﻟآ ( ﺪﺷ هداد راﺮﻗ 18]
.ا[ ﯾ اﺮﺑ هﺎﮕﺘﺳد ﻦ ي
ندﺮﮐ مﺮﮔ
رﺪﺗ ﯾ ﺠ ﯽ و ﯾ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺧاﻮﻨﮑ لﻮﻠﺤﻣ
ﺎﻫ رد ﯾ ﻧﺎﻣز هزﺎﺑ ﮏ ﯽ
صﺎﺧ
ﻣ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﯽ دﻮﺷ . ﺎﻣد هدوﺪﺤﻣ ﯾ
ﯽ ﻦﺑ هﺎﮕﺘﺳد رﺎﻣ
ي رﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﻪﮐ
ﺑ و لﻮﻤﻌﻣ ﯿ
ﻣ راﺮﻗ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا درﻮﻣ ﺮﺘﺸ ﯽ
ﮔﯿ ﺎﻣد زا دﺮ ي ﺎﺗ قﺎﺗا 100
ﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻪﺟرد ﯽ ﮔ ﺖﺳا داﺮ . ﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﯿ اﺮﺑ ﻦ ي ﮐﺮﺗ ندﻮﻤﻧ طﻮﻠﺨﻣ ﯿ
تﺎﺒ
ﺷ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﯿ طﻮﻠﺨﻣ زا ﺮ ﻻﺎﺑ رود ﻦﮐ
) زﺎﺳ ﻦﮕﻤﻫ (
ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا .
اﺮﺑ
ي هزاﺪﻧا ﮔﯿ ﺮ ي ﺖﯾاﺪﻫ ﺷ ﯽﮑﯾﺮﺘﮑﻟا ﯿ
هﺎﮕﺘﺳد زا ﻪﺘﺧﺎﺳزﺎﺑ ﺮ
اﺪﻫ ﯾ ﺮﺘﮑﻟا ﺖ ﯾ ﮑ ﯽ لﺪﻣ ﺞﻨﺳ ﺎﺑ DC14
ﯽﯾﺎﻫدوﺮﺘﮑﻟا زا
ﺲﻨﺟ
ﺖﺧﺎﺳ و ﻦﯿﺗﻼﭘ ﺖﮐﺮﺷ
ﺎﺒﯾرﺎﻫ ي هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﻦﭘاژ ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ
.
ﺮﻫ ﻪﮑﺒﺷ ﯽﺒﺼﻋ زا ﻪﯾﻻ يﺎﻫ
،يدورو ﯽﻧﺎﯿﻣ ﺎﯾ ﯽﻔﺨﻣ ﯽﺟوﺮﺧ و
ﻞﯿﮑﺸﺗ هﺪﺷ ﺖﺳا . رد ﻪﯾﻻ
،يدورو داﺪﻌﺗ نوﺮﻧ داﺪﻌﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ
ﻪﯿﻟوا و رد ﻪﯾﻻ ﯽﺟوﺮﺧ ﻪﺑ داﺪﻌﺗ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ درﻮﻣ ﯽﯾﺎﻬﻧ ﺮﻈﻧ
ﯽﮕﺘﺴﺑ
دراد . ﻪﯾﻻ ﯽﻔﺨﻣ ﯽﻣ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ زا ﮏﯾ ﻦﯾﺪﻨﭼ ﺎﯾ ﻪﯾﻻ
ﻞﯿﮑﺸﺗ دﻮﺷ ﻪﮐ
داﺪﻌﺗ نوﺮﻧ يﺎﻫ ﺮﻫ ﻪﯾﻻ ﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ نآ ﺖﺳا و ﻪﺑ رﻮﻃ لﻮﻤﻌﻣ ﻪﺑ شور
ﯽﻌﺳ و ﺎﻄﺧ ﯽﻣ ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ دﻮﺷ 20] .[ رد ﻦﯾا ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ رﺎﻬﭼ
،ﺎﻣد ﻞﻣﺎﻋ
ﺌﺗوﺮﭘ ﺪﺻرد ﯿ
ﺑﺮﭼ ﺪﺻرد و زﻮﺘﮐﻻ ﺪﺻرد ،ﻦ ﯽ
ﻪﺑ ناﻮﻨﻋ رﺎﻬﭼ
نوﺮﻧ رد ﻪﯾﻻ يدورو و اﺪﻫ راﺪﻘﻣ ﯾ ﺮﺘﮑﻟا ﺖ ﯾ ﮑ ﯽ ﺷ ﯿ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﺳزﺎﺑ ﺮ
ناﻮﻨﻋ ﺎﻬﻨﺗ نوﺮﻧ رد ﻪﯾﻻ ﯽﺟوﺮﺧ رد لﺪﻣ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺪﺷ . ﺎﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ
ﻪﺑ ﻪﮑﻨﯾا رد لﺪﻣ يزﺎﺳ ﯽﺒﺼﻋ ﻪﮑﺒﺷ ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ
ﺲﯾﺮﺗﺎﻣ يدورو و
ﯽﺟوﺮﺧ رﺎﯿﺴﺑ ﻢﻬﻣ اﺪﺘﺑا ،ﺖﺳا هداد
ﺎﻫ هﺪﻧاﻮﺧاﺮﻓ هﺪﺷ
و ﺲﭙﺳ
ياﺮﺑ ﺮﻫ رﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﻞﻤﻋ ﻦﯿﮕﻧﺎﯿﻣ يﺮﯿﮔ مﺎﺠﻧا ﺪﺷ 21] رد [ ﻪﻣادا
ﺲﯾﺮﺗﺎﻣ يﺎﻫ يدورو و ﯽﺟوﺮﺧ ﺮﺑ سﺎﺳا ﻞﮑﺷ 1 رد مﺮﻧ
،راﺰﻓا
ﻪﮑﺒﺷ درﻮﻣ شﺮﺘﺴﮔ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﯾ
ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺎ .
رد ﻦﯾا
،ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻪﮑﺒﺷ ﻪﯾﻻﺪﻨﭼ يﺎﻫ نوﺮﺘﭙﺳﺮﭘ
) (MLP هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا
دﺮﮔ ﯾ ﺪ ﻪﺑ ﻞﯿﻟد ﯽﮔدﺎﺳ و ﻦﯿﻋ رد لﺎﺣ ﺖﻗد دﺮﺑرﺎﮐ و ﻻﺎﺑ نآ دﺎﯾز
ﻪﯿﺒﺷ رد يزﺎﺳ ﻘﺤﺗ ﯿ زروﺎﺸﮐ تﺎﻘ ي
22] .[ زا ﻊﺑاﻮﺗ ﯽﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻪﻧﺎﺘﺳآ
ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻊﺑﺎﺗ يﺪﯿﺋﻮﻤﮕﯿﺳ )
logsig ( ، ﯽﻤﺘﯾرﺎﮕﻟ ) tansig ( و ﯽﻄﺧ
) purelin ( ﻢﺘﯾرﻮﮕﻟا و يﺎﻫ
شزﻮﻣآ هاﺮﻤﻫ ﺎﺑ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ،ترﺎﻈﻧ
ﻢﺘﯾرﻮﮕﻟا گﺮﺒﻧﻮﻟ تراﻮﮐرﺎﻣ- )
trainlm ( هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا و ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ نآ ﺎﻫ
ﻪﺴﯾﺎﻘﻣ ﺪﺷ . رد اﺪﺘﺑا هداد ﻫ يﺎ ﻪﮑﺒﺷ يدورو لﺎﻣﺮﻧ
يزﺎﺳ هﺪﺷ و ﻪﺑ
ترﻮﺻ ﯽﻓدﺎﺼﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺳ شزﻮﻣآ هوﺮﮔ )
70 (%
ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا ، ) 15 (%
و
نﻮﻣزآ ) 15 (%
ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻢﯿﺴﻘﺗ .
خﺮﻧ شزﻮﻣآ ) (Lr اﺮﺑ ي ﻣﺎﻤﺗ ﯽ ﺖﻟﺎﺣ ﺎﻫ 2/
0 ﻣ و ﯿ ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ مﻮﺘﻨﻣﻮﻣ ناﺰ
ﺎﺑ 1/
0 ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ رد .
اﺮﺑ ي اﺮﺟا ي ﻪﯿﺒﺷ يزﺎﺳ ﻪﮑﺒﺷ زا ﯽﺒﺼﻋ
مﺮﻧ راﺰﻓا NeuroSolutions 5 ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا
. ﻦﯾﺮﺘﻬﺑ يژﻮﻟﻮﭘﻮﺗ
ﻪﮑﺒﺷ ﯽﺒﺼﻋ ﺮﺑ ود سﺎﺳا رﺎﯿﻌﻣ
و MSE R2 ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﺪﺷ .
ﻦﯾﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﯽﺷزاﺮﺑ ﯽﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ اﺪﻫ ﯾ ﺮﺘﮑﻟا ﺖ ﯾ ﮑ ﯽ ﺷ ﯿ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﺳزﺎﺑ ﺮ ار
،ﺪﻨﮐ ﻒﯿﺻﻮﺗ ﯾژﻮﻟﻮﭘﻮﺗ
ﯽ ﻪﮐ ياراد ﻦﯾﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ R2 راﺪﻘﻣ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﻤﮐ و
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ MSE .
Fig 1 Artificial neural network structure هﻮﺤﻧ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ و MSE
R2 ﺎﺳ رد ﯾ ﺮ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﺎﻫ ﻪﺋارا هﺪﺷ ﺖﺳا
23] .[ اﺮﺑ ي ﻬﺑ ﯿ ﻪﻨ زﺎﺳ ي ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ﺢﻄﺳ شور زا )
(RSM مﺮﻧ و راﺰﻓا
Design Expert7 دﺎﻔﺘﺳا
ﺪﺷ ه .
3 - ﺎﺘﻧ ﯾ ﺚﺤﺑ و ﺞ
3 - 1 - ﺳرﺮﺑ ﯽ ﺎﻫرﻮﺘﮐﺎﻓ ﺮﺛا ي
اﺪﻫ ﺮﺑ ﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﯾ
ﺖ
ﺮﺘﮑﻟا ﯾ ﮑ ﯽ ﺷ ﯿ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﺳزﺎﺑ ﺮ
ﺳرﺮﺑ رد ﯽ ﺎﺘﻧ ﯾ ﺰﺠﺗ ﺞ ﯾ راو ﻪ ﯾ اﺪﻫ ﺲﻧﺎ ﯾ ﺮﺘﮑﻟا ﺖ ﯾ ﮑ ﯽ ﺷ ﯿ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﺳزﺎﺑ ﺮ
ﺛﺎﺗ ﺖﺤﺗ ﯿ ﺎﻫرﻮﺘﮐﺎﻓ ﺮ ي
ﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣ ) ﺑﺮﭼ ﺪﺻرد ﯽ
و ﺎﻣد ،زﻮﺘﮐﻻ ﺪﺻرد ،
ﺌﺗوﺮﭘ ﺪﺻرد ﯿ
ﻦ ( ﺑﺮﭼ ﺪﺻرد ﺮﺛا ﻪﮐ ﺪﺷ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﯽ
ﺌﺗوﺮﭘ ﺪﺻرد ، ﯿ
،ﻦ
اﺪﻫ ﺮﺑ زﻮﺘﮐﻻ ﺪﺻرد و ﺎﻣد ﯾ
ﺮﺘﮑﻟا ﺖ ﯾ ﮑ ﯽ ﺷ ﯿ ﺢﻄﺳ رد ﻪﺘﺧﺎﺳزﺎﺑ ﺮ
لﺎﻤﺘﺣا 1 % ﻨﻌﻣ ﯽ دﻮﺑ راد ) P<0.01 .(
اﺪﻫ ﯾ ﺮﺘﮑﻟا ﺖ ﯾ ﮑ ﯽ ﺷ ﯿ ﺮ
ﻪﺘﺧﺎﺳزﺎﺑ ﺘﻣ ﺎﻫرﻮﺘﮐﺎﻓ زا ﺮﺛﺎ ي
لوﺪﺟ رد ﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣ 2
ﺖﺳا هﺪﻣآ .
ا رد ﻪﮐ رﻮﻄﻧﺎﻤﻫ ﯾ
ﻣ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ لوﺪﺟ ﻦ ﯽ
دﺎﻘﻣ دﻮﺷ ﯾ ا ﺪﻫ ﺮ ﯾ ﺖ
ﺮﺘﮑﻟا ﯾ ﮑ ﯽ ﺷ ﯿ ﺮﻘﺗ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﺳزﺎﺑ ﺮ ﯾ
زا ﺎﺒ 2 ﺎﺗ ms/cm 6 ﻐﺘﻣ ﯿ هدﻮﺑ ﺮ
ﺖﺳا .
Table 2 Electrical conductivity of the recombined milk is influenced by independent factors
Fat 6% Fat 3%
Temperature (ºC) Temperature (ºC)
65 60 55 50 65 60 55 50
Lactose (%)
Protein (%) 2.71±0.2 2.54±0.2 2.47±0.2 2.37±0.2 2.91±0.1 2.83±0.2 2.52±0.2 2.44±0.1 4
2.61±0.1 2.53±0.1 2.42±0.1 2.31±0.2 2.81±0.1 2.72±0.1 2.44±0.1 2.38±0.1 6 2.54±0.1 2.45±0.2 2.33±0.1 2.29±0.1 2.75±0.1 2.54±0.1 2.38±0.1 2.32±0.2 8 2.42±0.1 2.25±0.1 2.21±0.1 2.15±0.1 2.61±0.1 2.42±0.1 2.36±0.1 2.18±0.1 10
1
4.73±0.2 4.69±0.1 4.45±0.1 4.25±0.1 4.82±0.1 4.77±0.2 4.54±0.2 4.31±0.2 4 4.44±0.2 4.22±0.2 4.09±0.1 4.04±0.2 4.73±0.1 4.68±0.1 4.55±0.1 4.08±0.1 6 4.33±0.1 4.24±0.1 4.17±0.2 3.81±0.1 4.61±0.2 4.53±0.1 4.47±0.1 4.02±0.2 8 4.11±0.1 3.93±0.1 3.84±0.1 3.55±0.1 4.51±0.1 4.32±0.1 4.31±0.1 4.02±0.1 10
2
5.32±0.2 5.21±0.1 4.91±0.2 4.62±0.2 5.72±0.2 5.71±0.2 5.01±0.1 4.98±0.2 4 5.11±0.2 4.91±0.2 4.81±0.1 4.59±0.1 5.65±0.2 5.21±0.1 5.01±0.2 4.81±0.1 6 4.91±0.1 4.75±0.1 4.67±0.1 4.48±0.1 5.31±0.1 4.96±0.1 4.85±0.1 4.67±0.1 8 4.78±0.1 4.61±0.1 4.55±0.1 4.41±0.1 4.87±0.1 4.81±0.1 4.78±0.1 4.61±0.1 10
3
5.94±0.2 5.52±0.1 5.26±0.2 5.17±0.2 5.99±0.1 5.82±0.2 5.73±0.1 5.26±0.2 4 5.65±0.2 5.54±0.2 5.25±0.1 5.01±0.1 5.82±0.2 5.77±0.1 5.62±0.1 5.11±0.1 6 5.55±0.1 5.37±0.1 4.99±0.1 4.72±0.1 5.78±0.1 5.62±0.1 5.55±0.2 4.92±0.1 8 5.19±0.1 4.93±0.1 4.83±0.1 4.48±0.1 5.26±0.1 5.21±0.1 4.88±0.1 4.81±0.1 10
4
3 - 2 - لﺪﻣ زﺎﺳ ي ﭘ و ﯿ ﺶ ﺑﯿﻨ ﯽ اﺪﻫ ﯾ ﺮﺘﮑﻟا ﺖ ﯾ
ﮑ ﯽ
اﺮﺑ ي لﺪﻣ زﺎﺳ ي ﭘ و ﯿ ﺶ ﺑﯿﻨ ﯽ اﺪﻫ ﯾ ﺮﺘﮑﻟا ﺖ ﯾ ﮑ ﯽ ﺷ ﯿ زا ﻪﺘﺧﺎﺳزﺎﺑ ﺮ
ﻻ ﺪﻨﭼ نوﺮﺘﭙﺳﺮﭘ ﻪﮑﺒﺷ ﯾ
ﻪ ) (MLP ﻟد ﻪﺑ ﯿ اﺰﻓا ﻞ ﯾ ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ﺶ
ﮔاﺮﻓ ،شزﻮﻣآ ﯿﺮ
ي ﻮﮕﻟا ﻪﺑ ﻮﮕﻟا ي
ﻨﭽﻤﻫ و نآ ﯿ
رﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﻦﺘﺷاد ﻦ ﺗﺎﺘﺳا
ﯿ ﮑ ﯽ ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا .
ياﺮﺑ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﻪﮑﺒﺷ
،MLP ود زا
ﻪﻧﺎﺘﺳآ ﻊﺑﺎﺗ ﻫ ﺖﻧاﮋﻧﺎﺗ
ﯿ ﻟﻮﺑﺮﭙ ﯿ ﮏ ) (Tanh ﺳ و ﯿ ﺋﻮﻤﮕ ﯿ ﺪ ) (Sig و
ﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﯿ رﻮﮕﻟا ود زا ﻦ ﯾ
ﻢﺘ ﯾ ﮔدﺎ ﯿﺮ ي مﻮﺘﻨﻣﻮﻣ )
(Mom و
گﺮﺒﻧﻮﻟ تراﻮﮐرﺎﻣ- )
(LM ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا .
يژﻮﻟﻮﭘﻮﺗ يﺎﻫ ﺎﺑ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ
يژﻮﻟﻮﭘﻮﺗ ﺎﻫ ﻼﻣﺎﮐ ﻪﺑ ترﻮﺻ ﯽﻌﺳ و ﺎﻄﺧ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا و ﻪﯿﺒﺷ يزﺎﺳ
ﺪﻧﺪﺷ . ﺧﺮﺑ ﯽ زا ﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﯾ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﻦ لﺪﻣ
يزﺎﺳ ﻪﮑﺒﺷ لوﺪﺟ رد ﯽﺒﺼﻋ
3 ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ هداد نﺎﺸﻧ .
Table 3 Some results from different structures of artificial neural network have been used
Network Learning Network test Network
Arrangement Epoch Training Algorithm
Actuator
function MSE R2 MSE R2
4-2-1 33 Mom Tanh 0.019 0.936 0.11 0.944
4-2-1 18 LM Tanh 0.006 0.99 0.014 0.99
4-2-1 805 Mom Sig 0.02 0.87 0.41 0.92
4-2-1 19 LM Sig 0.001 0.99 0.032 0.96
4-3-1 25 Mom Tanh 0.018 0.937 0.1 0.944
4-3-1 21 LM Tanh 0.004 0.986 0.014 0.99
4-3-1 600 Mom Sig 0.02 0.897 0.41 0.931
4-3-1 16 LM Sig 0.001 0.99 0.027 0.968
4-4-1 77 Mom Tanh 0.02 0.933 0.069 0.963
4-4-1 19 LM Tanh 0.003 0.996 0.011 0.992
4-4-1 488 Mom Sig 0.02 0.865 0.41 0.91
4-4-1 15 LM Sig 0.004 0.986 0.021 0.98
4-5-1 47 Mom Tanh 0.019 0.93 0.086 0.954
4-5-1 22 LM Tanh 0.004 0.988 0.025 0.984
4-5-1 391 Mom Sig 0.02 0.86 0.43 0.893
4-5-1 14 LM Sig 0.001 0.99 0.015 0.984
4-2-2-1 115 Mom Tanh 0.019 0.96 0.18 0.918
4-2-2-1 19 LM Tanh 0.005 0.986 0.023 0.966
4-2-2-1 1000 Mom Sig 0.083 0.46 1.23 0.55
4-2-2-1 16 LM Sig 0.001 0.988 0.026 0.97
4-3-3-1 109 Mom Tanh 0.019 0.954 0.16 0.935
4-3-3-1 24 LM Tanh 0.006 0.986 0.036 0.96
4-3-3-1 1000 Mom Sig 0.078 0.902 1.17 0.865
4-3-3-1 18 LM Sig 0.002 0.974 0.065 0.91
4-4-4-1 123 Mom Tanh 0.019 0.94 0.11 0.958
4-4-4-1 14 LM Tanh 0.002 0.992 0.018 0.98
4-4-4-1 1000 Mom Sig 0.081 0.81 1.19 0.76
4-4-4-1 16 LM Sig 0.001 0.98 0.026 0.968
4-5-5-1 34 Mom Tanh 0.017 0.958 0.12 0.937
4-5-5-1 19 LM Tanh 0.003 0.992 0.019 0.978
4-5-5-1 1000 Mom Sig 0.078 0.884 1.16 0.96
4-5-5-1 14 LM Sig 0.001 0.99 0.026 0.97
ﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﯿ ﺎﺘﻧ ﻦ ﯾ رﻮﮕﻟا ﺞ ﯾ ﻢﺘ ﯾ ﮔدﺎ ﯿﺮ ي گﺮﺒﻧﻮﻟ تراﻮﮐرﺎﻣ- ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ
رﻮﮕﻟا ﯾ ﻢﺘ ﯾ ﮔدﺎ ﯿﺮ ي دﻮﺑ ﺮﺘﻬﺑ مﻮﺘﻨﻣﻮﻣ .
ﺗرﻮﺻ رد شزﻮﻣآ ﺪﻧور ﯽ
ﻪﮐ
ﺎﻄﺧ ي زرا ﻪﻋﻮﺠﻣ ﯾﺑﺎ
ﯽ رد 6 ﻟاﻮﺘﻣ راﺮﮑﺗ ﯽ
ﻐﺗ ﯿﯿ ﻧ ﺮ ﯿ ﺪﺑﺎ ﯾ داﺪﻌﺗ ﺎ
ﺮﻈﻧ درﻮﻣ راﺪﻘﻣ ﻪﺑ راﺮﮑﺗ )
ﻼﺜﻣ 1000 ( ﻣ ﻒﻗﻮﺘﻣ ﺪﺳﺮﺑ ﯽ
ﺪﺷ . ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ
زا ﻪﺑ يﺮﯿﮔرﺎﮐ ﻪﮑﺒﺷ ﯽﺒﺼﻋ ﺎﺑ يژﻮﻟﻮﭘﻮﺗ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ نﺎﺸﻧ
داد ﻪﮐ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﻬﺑ يژﻮﻟﻮﭘﻮﺗ ياراد
يرﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﺎﺑ رﺎﻤﻌﻣ ي 4 رد نوﺮﻧ
ﻻﯾ دورو ﻪ ي ، 4 ﻻ رد نوﺮﻧ ﯾ
و نﺎﻬﻨﭘ ﻪ ﯾ
ﻻ رد نوﺮﻧ ﮏ ﯾ
ﺟوﺮﺧ ﻪ ﯽ
دﻮﺑ . اﯾ ﻦ يژﻮﻟﻮﭘﻮﺗ ﯾ
تاﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ،ﺐﺨﺘﻨﻣ ﻪﮑﺒﺷ ﺎ اﺪﻫ
ﯾ ﺮﺘﮑﻟا ﺖ ﯾ ﮑ ﯽ
ﺷ ﯿ ار ﻪﺘﺧﺎﺳزﺎﺑ ﺮ ﺎﺑ
ﺐﯾﺮﺿ ﺒﺗﯿ ﯿ ﻦ 992 /0 ﺎﻄﺧ و ي 011 /0 رد
و ﻪﮑﺒﺷ نﻮﻣزآ 996
/0 و 003 /0 ار لﺪﻣ ،ﻪﮑﺒﺷ شزﻮﻣآ رد
اﺪﻫ و هداد شزﻮﻣآ ﯾ
ﺮﺘﮑﻟا ﺖ ﯾ ﮑ ﯽ ﺷ ﯿ ﺑﻮﺧ ﺖﻗد ﺎﺑ ار ﻪﺘﺧﺎﺳزﺎﺑ ﺮ ﯽ
ﭘﯿ ﺶ ﺑﯿﻨ ﯽ دﻮﻤﻧ ) لوﺪﺟ 3 .(
اﯾ ﻬﺑ ﻪﮑﺒﺷ ﻦ ﯿ
اﺮﺑ ﻪﻨ ي ﻪﺑ ﻂﻘﻓ نﺪﺷ اﺮﮕﻤﻫ 19
ﺷزﻮﻣآ ﻪﺧﺮﭼ ﯽ
) راﺮﮑﺗ ( ﻧﯿ ﻠﺑﺎﻗ زا نﺎﺸﻧ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﺷاد زﺎ ﯿ
ﻻﺎﺑ ﺖ ي ﺒﺼﻋ ﻪﮑﺒﺷ ﯽ
ﻪﺑ
راﺰﺑا ناﻮﻨﻋ ي
اﺮﺑ ي ﭘ ﯿ ﺶ ﺑﯿﻨ ﯽ ﻐﺗ ﯿﯿ اﺪﻫ تاﺮ ﯾ ﺮﺘﮑﻟا ﺖ ﯾ ﮑ ﯽ ﺷ ﯿ ﺮ
ﻣ و ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﺧﺎﺳزﺎﺑ ﯽ
ﻪﻧﺎﻣﺎﺳ رد ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ ﺎﻫ
ي اﺮﻓ لﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﯾ
ﺎﻫﺪﻨ ي ﻨﺒﻟ ﯽ
دﻮﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا 16]
.[ ﺎﻄﺧ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺪﻧور ي
ﺣ رد ﻪﮑﺒﺷ ﯿ
و شزﻮﻣآ ﻦ
زرا ﯾﺑﺎ ﯽ ﻞﮑﺷ رد 2
ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ هداد نﺎﺸﻧ .
ا رد ﻪﮐ رﻮﻄﻧﺎﻤﻫ ﯾ
ﻦ
ﻣ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻞﮑﺷ ﯽ
زا ﺪﻌﺑ دﻮﺷ 19
ﻪﺧﺮﭼ ﯾ ﮔدﺎ ﯿﺮ ي ) راﺮﮑﺗ ( راﺪﻘﻣ
ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ اﺮﮕﻤﻫ ﻪﮑﺒﺷ و هدﻮﺑ ﺖﺑﺎﺛ ﺎﻄﺧ .
Fig 2 Selected neural network performance ﺎﻘﻣ ﯾ ﺑ ﻪﺴ ﯿ دﺎﻘﻣ ﻦ ﯾ اﺪﻫ ﺮ ﯾ ﺮﺘﮑﻟا ﺖ ﯾ ﮑ ﯽ هزاﺪﻧا ﮔﯿ ﺮ ي هﺪﺷ ) ﻌﻗاو ﯽ ( و
دﺎﻘﻣ ﯾ لﺪﻣ ﺮ هﺪﺷ )ﭘ ﯿ ﺶ ﺑﯿﻨ ﯽ هﺪﺷ ( اﺮﺑ ي ﺷ ﯿ ﻞﮑﺷ رد ﻪﺘﺧﺎﺳزﺎﺑ ﺮ ﺎﻫ
ي
3 و 4 ﺖﺳا هﺪﻣآ .
ﻣ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻪﮐ رﻮﻄﻧﺎﻤﻫ ﯽ
ﭼﺎﻧ فﻼﺘﺧا دﻮﺷ ﯿﺰ
ي
ﺑﯿ دﺎﻘﻣ ﻦ ﯾ ﻌﻗاو ﺮ ﯽ لﺪﻣ و ﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ ﻪﮐ دراد دﻮﺟو هﺪﺷ ﯽ
ﻪﮑﺒﺷ ﺪﻫد
ﺒﺼﻋ ﯽ ﺐﺨﺘﻨﻣ ) ژﻮﻟﻮﭘﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ي
1 - 4 - 4 ( ﺑﻮﺧ ﺖﻗد ﺎﺑ ﯽ
اﺪﻫ ﯾ ﺖ
ﺮﺘﮑﻟا ﯾ ﮑ ﯽ ﺷ ﯿ لﺪﻣ ار ﻪﺘﺧﺎﺳزﺎﺑ ﺮ زﺎﺳ
ي ﭘ و ﯿ ﺶ ﺑﯿﻨ ﯽ ﺖﺳا هدﻮﻤﻧ .
Fig 3 Difference between the actual and predicted
data of selected neural network
Fig 4 Correlation between actual and predicted data of selected neural network
اﺮﺑ ي ﺎﺗ ﯾﯿ ﺎﺘﻧ ﺪ ﯾ ﺎﻘﻣ و هﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳد ﻪﺑ ﺞ ﯾ
ﺎﺘﻧ ﺎﺑ ﻪﺴ ﯾ د نﺎﻘﻘﺤﻣ ﺞ ﯾ
رد ﺮﮕ
ﻣز ﯿ ﺒﺼﻋ ﻪﮑﺒﺷ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﻪﻨ ﯽ
زروﺎﺸﮐ مﻮﻠﻋ رد ي
ﻣ ﯽ ﻪﮐ ﺖﻔﮔ ناﻮﺗ
ﺑ زا ﯿ لﺪﻣ ﻦ ﺎﻫ ي ﺳرﺮﺑ ﯽ ﺒﺼﻋ ﻪﮑﺒﺷ ،هﺪﺷ ﯽ
ﺲﭘ ﭘ رﺎﺸﺘﻧا ﯿ ﺎﺑ رﻮﺨﺸ
رﻮﮕﻟا ﯾ گﺮﺒﻧﻮﻟ شزﻮﻣآ ﻢﺘ -
ژﻮﻟﻮﭘﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ تراﻮﮐرﺎﻣ ي
ﺎﻫ ي اراد ي ﯾ ﮏ
ﻻﯾ ﺮﺘﻬﺑ ار نﺎﻬﻨﭘ ﻪ ﯾ
ﺒﺼﻋ ﻪﮑﺒﺷ لﺪﻣ ﻦ ﯽ
ﻫد تراﺮﺣ ﯽ
لﺎﻘﺗﺮﭘ
ﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﯽ ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ 24]
.[ رد ﯽﺸﻫوﮋﭘ ﺎﺑ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا زا ﻪﮑﺒﺷ ﯽﺒﺼﻋ
نوﺮﺘﭙﺳﺮﭘ ﻪﯾﻻﺪﻨﭼ
ﺎﺑ رﻮﮕﻟا ﻢﺘﯾ ﺲﭘ رﺎﺸﺘﻧا ﺎﻄﺧ ﺪﺷ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﻪﮐ
ﻪﮑﺒﺷ يﺎﻫ ﯽﺒﺼﻋ ﻪﺑ رﻮﻃ ﺮﺛﻮﻣ ردﺎﻗ ﻪﺑ ﺶﯿﭘ صاﻮﺧ ﯽﻨﯿﺑ ﯽﮑﯾﺰﯿﻓ
و
ﯽﯾﺎﯿﻤﯿﺷ ﮏﺸﺧ ندﺮﮐ بآ يﺮﭙﺳا تﻮﺗ هﺪﺷ هﺎﯿﺳ
و ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ ﺪﯿﻔﺳ
25] .[
ﯽﺸﻫوﮋﭘ رد ﺮﮕﯾد
ﻪﮐ يور ﺶﯿﭘ ﯽﻨﯿﺑ ياﻮﺘﺤﻣ ﮏﺸﺧ ﯽﺘﺑﻮﻃر نﺪﺷ
ﻪﯾﻻ كزﺎﻧ چرﺎﻗ ﯽﮐارﻮﺧ ﻪﺑ ﮏﻤﮐ ﻪﮑﺒﺷ ﯽﺒﺼﻋ يﺎﻫ ﯽﻋﻮﻨﺼﻣ
ﺲﭘ
رﺎﺸﺘﻧا مﺎﺠﻧا
،ﺪﺷ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ نﺎﺸﻧ داد ﻪﮑﺒﺷ ﻪﮐ ﺎﺑMLP
ﻢﺘﯾرﻮﮕﻟا
يﺮﯿﮔدﺎﯾ گﺮﺒﻧﻮﻟ - ياراد تراﻮﮐرﺎﻣ ﺖﻗد
ﯽﺑﻮﺧ رد ﻦﯿﻤﺨﺗ
ﺖﺑﻮﻃر رد مﺎﮕﻨﻫ ﮏﺸﺧ نﺪﺷ دﻮﺑ 21] .[ ﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﯿ ﺑ ﻦ ﯿ ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ نﺎ
ژﻮﻟﻮﭘﻮﺗ ﻪﮐ ي
ﺎﻫ ي اراد ي ﯾ ﻻ ﮏ ﯾ ﺮﺘﻬﺑ نﺎﻬﻨﭘ ﻪ ﯾ
رد ار شزاﺮﺑ ﻦ
اﺮﻓ ﯾ ﻫد تراﺮﺣ ﺪﻨ ﯽ
ﻪﻗرو ﺎﻫ ي ﮕﻧﺮﻓ ﻪﺟﻮﮔ ﯽ
اد نﺎﺸﻧ ﺪﻧد 26] .[
ﭘ رﺎﺸﺘﻧا ﺲﭘ ﻪﮑﺒﺷ ﯿ
رﻮﮕﻟا و رﻮﺨﺸ ﯾ
گﺮﺒﻧﻮﻟ شزﻮﻣآ ﻢﺘ -
،تراﻮﮐرﺎﻣ
ﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﯾ ﺒﺼﻋ ﻪﮑﺒﺷ ﻦ ﯽ
تراﺮﺣ رد ﻫد
ﯽ ﺮﻈﻧ رد ﺞﻧﺮﺑ كﻮﺘﻠﺷ ﺮﺘﺴﺑ
ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ 27]
.[
3 - 3 - ﻟﺎﻧآ ﯿ ﺳﺎﺴﺣ ﺰ ﯿ
ﺒﺼﻋ ﻪﮑﺒﺷ ﺖ ﯽ
ﻋﻮﻨﺼﻣ ﯽ
ﺎﺘﻧ ﯾ ﻟﺎﻧآ ﺞ ﯿ ﺒﺼﻋ ﻪﮑﺒﺷ لﺪﻣ ﺰ ﯽ
ﻋﻮﻨﺼﻣ ﯽ ﺮﻫ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﯾ
زا ﮏ
ﻐﺘﻣ ﯿ ﺎﻫﺮ ي ﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣ ) ﺌﺗوﺮﭘ ﺪﺻرد ﯿ
ﺑﺮﭼ ﺪﺻرد ،ﻦ ﯽ
و زﻮﺘﮐﻻ ﺪﺻرد ،
ﺎﻣد ( ﻞﮑﺷ رد ﺎﻫ ي 5 ﺎﺗ 7 ﺖﺳا هﺪﻣآ .
ﻣ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻪﮐ رﻮﻄﻧﺎﻤﻫ ﯽ
دﻮﺷ
اﺮﺑ ي لﺪﻣ ﺎﻫ ي زرا ،شزﻮﻣآ ﯾﺑﺎ
ﯽ نزو ،نﻮﻣزآ و )
ﺳﺎﺴﺣ ﯿ ﺖ ( رﻮﺘﮐﺎﻓ
ﺌﺗوﺮﭘ ﺪﺻرد ﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﯿ
د ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻦ ﯾ
ﺑ ﺎﻫرﻮﺘﮐﺎﻓ ﺮﮕ ﯿ
و ﺖﺳا هدﻮﺑ ﺮﺘﺸ
اﺮﺑ ي ﺑﺮﭼ ﺪﺻرد رﻮﺘﮐﺎﻓ ﯽ
ﺮﺘﻤﮐ ﯾ ﺖﺳا هدﻮﺑ ﻦ .
اﯾ ﺎﺘﻧ ﻦ ﯾ نﺎﺸﻧ ﺞ
ﻣ ﯽ ﺒﺼﻋ ﻪﮑﺒﺷ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻨﻫد ﯽ
ﻋﻮﻨﺼﻣ ﯽ اﺮﺑ ي ﺒﺷ ﯿﻪ زﺎﺳ ي ﺟوﺮﺧ ﯽ لﺪﻣ
) اﺪﻫ ﯾ ﺮﺘﮑﻟا ﺖ ﯾ ﮑ ﯽ ﺷ ﯿ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﺳزﺎﺑ ﺮ (
ﺑ زا ﯿ دورو ﻦ ي ﺎﻫ ي ﺑ ،لﺪﻣ ﯿ ﺮﺘﺸ
ﻐﺘﻣ ﻪﺑ ﯿ ﺌﺗوﺮﭘ ﺪﺻرد ﺮ ﯿ
ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﺴﺑاو ﻦ .ا
ﯾ ﺎﺘﻧ ﻦ ﯾ ﻨﻌﻣ ناﺪﺑ ﺞ ﯽ
ﻧ ﯿ ﺖﺴ
اﺪﻫ ﻪﮐ ﯾ ﺮﺘﮑﻟا ﺖ ﯾ ﮑ ﯽ ﺷ ﯿ ﻐﺗ ﻼﺜﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﺳزﺎﺑ ﺮ ﯿﯿ
ﺑﺮﭼ تاﺮ ﯽ
ﻧ ﻪﺘﺴﺑاو ﯿ ﻨﻌﻣ ناﺪﺑ ﻪﮑﻠﺑ ﺖﺴ ﯽ
ﺖﺳا ﺳﺎﺴﺣ ﻪﮐ ﯿ
اﺪﻫ ﺖ ﯾ ﺖ
ﺮﺘﮑﻟا ﯾ ﮑ ﯽ د ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﯾ
ﺑ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﺮﮕ ﯿ
ﺖﺳا ﺮﺘﺸ .
Fig 5 Sensitivity of neural network training to each independent variable
Fig 6 Sensitivity of neural network test to each independent variables
Fig 7 Sensitivity of neural network evaluation to each independent variables
3 - 4 - ﻬﺑ ﯿ ﻪﻨ زﺎﺳ ي اﺪﻫ ﯾ ﺮﺘﮑﻟا ﺖ ﯾﮑ
ﯽ ﺷ ﯿ ﺮ
ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ﺢﻄﺳ شور ﻪﺑ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﺳزﺎﺑ
اﺮﺑ ي لﺪﻣ زﺎﺳ ي ﻬﺑ و ﯿ ﻪﻨ زﺎﺳ ي اﺪﻫ ﯾ ﺮﺘﮑﻟا ﺖ ﯾ ﮑ ﯽ ﺷ ﯿ زا ﻪﺘﺧﺎﺳزﺎﺑ ﺮ
راﺰﻓا مﺮﻧ و ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ﺢﻄﺳ شور Design Expert7
ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا .
ﭘ لﺪﻣ ﯿ دﺎﻬﻨﺸ ي اﺮﺑ ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ﺢﻄﺳ شور ي
اﺪﻫ ﯾ ﺮﺘﮑﻟا ﺖ ﯾ ﮑ ﯽ ﺷ ﯿ ﺮ
ﺮﺿ ﺎﺑ مود ﻪﺟرد لﺪﻣ ،ﻪﺘﺧﺎﺳزﺎﺑ ﯾ
ﺒﺗ ﺐ ﯿﯿ ﻦ 93 / 0 دﻮﺑ . ﻪﻄﺑار رد ) 1 (
ﺳﺮﮔر لﺪﻣ ﯿ
ﻧﻮ ﯽ اﺮﺑ ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ﺢﻄﺳ شور مود ﻪﺟرد ي
ﺒﺷ ﯿﻪ زﺎﺳ ي
اﺪﻫ ﯾ ﺮﺘﮑﻟا ﺖ ﯾ ﮑ ﯽ ﺷ ﯿ ﻐﺘﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﺳزﺎﺑ ﺮ ﯿ
ﺎﻫﺮ ي درﻮﻣ ﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣ
ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﻪﺋارا ﺮﻈﻧ .
ا رد ﻪﮐ رﻮﻄﻧﺎﻤﻫ ﯾ
ﺖﺳا ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﻪﻄﺑار ﻦ
ﺑﯿ ﺮﺘﺸ ﯾ ﺛﺎﺗ ﻦ ﯿ ﺒﺷ رد ﺮ ﯿﻪ زﺎﺳ ي اﺪﻫ ﯾ ﺮﺘﮑﻟا ﺖ ﯾ ﮑ ﯽ ﺷ ﯿ ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﺮ
ﻄﺧ تارﺎﺒﻋ ﯽ
ﻐﺘﻣ ﯿ ﺎﻫﺮ ي ﺖﺳا ﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣ .
ﺑ رد ﯿ ﻄﺧ تارﺎﺒﻋ ﻦ ﯽ
ﻐﺘﻣ ﯿ ﺎﻫﺮ ي ﻐﺘﻣ ،ﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﯿ
ﺌﺗوﺮﭘ ﺪﺻرد ﺮ ﯿ
اراد ﻦ ي ﺑ ﯿ ﺘﺸ ﺮﯾ ﺛﺎﺗ ﻦ ﯿ ﺮﺑ ﺮ
ﺒﺷ ﯿﻪ زﺎﺳ ي اﺪﻫ ﯾ ﺮﺘﮑﻟا ﺖ ﯾ ﮑ ﯽ ﺷ ﯿ ﺖﺳا هدﻮﺑ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﺳزﺎﺑ ﺮ .
زا ﺪﻌﺑ
ﻐﺘﻣ ﯿ ﺌﺗوﺮﭘ ﺪﺻرد ﺮ ﯿ
ﺑ ،ﻦ ﯿ ﺮﺘﺸ ﯾ ﺛﺎﺗ ﻦ ﯿ ﺒﺷ لﺪﻣ رد ﺮ ﯿﻪ
زﺎﺳ ي اﺪﻫ ﯾ ﺖ
ﺮﺘﮑﻟا ﯾ ﮑ ﯽ ﺷ ﯿ ﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﺳزﺎﺑ ﺮ ﯿ
ﺎﻣد و زﻮﺘﮐﻻ ﺪﺻرد ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﺐ
ﺖﺳا هدﻮﺑ .ا ﯾ ﺎﺘﻧ ﻦ ﯾ ﺎﺘﻧ ﺎﺑ ﺞ ﯾ ﻟﺎﻧآ ﺞ ﯿ ﺳﺎﺴﺣ ﺰ ﯿ ﺒﺼﻋ ﻪﮑﺒﺷ ﺖ ﯽ
ﻪﺋارا
ﻧاﻮﺨﻤﻫ هﺪﺷ ﯽ
اد ﺪﻧر ) ﻞﮑﺷ ﺎﻫ ي 5 ﺎﺗ 7 .(
) 1 ( EC=4.87 + 0.69P - 0.21L + 0.17T - 0.14F - 0.08 P×L + 0.03P×T + 0.02P×F + 0.01L×T + 0.03L×F - 0.018T×F - 0.15P2 + 0.04L2 + 0.02T2
ا رد ﻪﮐ ﯾ ،ﻪﻄﺑار ﻦ ﺌﺗوﺮﭘ ﺪﺻرد P
ﯿ ،ﻦ ،زﻮﺘﮐﻻ ﺪﺻرد L و ﺎﻣد T
F
ﺑﺮﭼ ﺪﺻرد ﯽ ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ .
اﺪﻫ نﺪﻧﺎﺳر ﺮﺜﮐاﺪﺣ ﻪﺑ فﺪﻫ ﺮﮔا ﯾ
ﺮﺘﮑﻟا ﺖ ﯾ ﮑ ﯽ ﺷ ﯿ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﺳزﺎﺑ ﺮ
ﺑﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﺎﺑ هﺪﺷ ﻪﺋارا لﺪﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﯿ
ﺖ 100 ا ﻪﺑ ﺪﺻرد ﯾ
فﺪﻫ ﻦ
ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﺳر . ا رد ﯾ اﺪﻫ ﺖﻟﺎﺣ ﻦ ﯾ
ﺮﺘﮑﻟا ﺖ ﯾ ﮑ ﯽ ﺷ ﯿ ﺎﺑ ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﺳزﺎﺑ ﺮ
mS/cm 3 / 6 دﺎﻘﻣ و ﯾ ﺑﺮﭼ ﺪﺻرد ﺮ ﯽ
ﺌﺗوﺮﭘ ﺪﺻرد ،ﺎﻣد ، ﯿ
و ﻦ
ﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ زﻮﺘﮐﻻ ﺪﺻرد ﯿ
ﺎﺑ ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ ﺐ 3
% ، 89 / 64 ﺴﻠﺳ ﻪﺟرد ﯿ
،سﻮ
97 /3 % و 12 / 5 % دﻮﺑ ﺪﻫاﻮﺧ .
اﺪﻫ نﺪﻧﺎﺳر فﺪﻫ ﺮﮔا ﯾ
ﺮﺘﮑﻟا ﺖ ﯾ ﮑ ﯽ
نآ لﻮﻤﻌﻣ راﺪﻘﻣ ﻪﺑ )
4 ﺎﺗ mS/cm 5 /5 ( ﺎﺑ هﺪﺷ ﻪﺋارا لﺪﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
ﺑﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﯿ ﺖ 100 ﻧ ﺪﺻرد ﯿ ا ﻪﺑ ﺰ ﯾ ﻣ فﺪﻫ ﻦ ﯽ
ﺪﺳر . ا رد ﯾ ﺖﻟﺎﺣ ﻦ
اﺪﻫ ﯾ ﺮﺘﮑﻟا ﺖ ﯾ ﮑ ﯽ ﺷ ﯿ ﺎﺑ ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﺳزﺎﺑ ﺮ mS/cm
2 / 5 دﺎﻘﻣ و ﯾ ﺮ
ﺑﺮﭼ ﺪﺻرد ﯽ
ﺌﺗوﺮﭘ ﺪﺻرد ،ﺎﻣد ، ﯿ
ﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ زﻮﺘﮐﻻ ﺪﺻرد و ﻦ ﯿ
ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ ﺐ
ﺎﺑ 3
% ، 13 / 61 ﺴﻠﺳ ﻪﺟرد ﯿ
،سﻮ 73 / 2 % و 77 /5 % دﻮﺑ ﺪﻫاﻮﺧ .
4 - ﺘﻧ ﯿ ﻪﺠ ﮔ ﯿﺮ ي
هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا زا ﻪﮑﺒﺷ ﯽﺒﺼﻋ
،ﯽﻋﻮﻨﺼﻣ شور يﺪﯾﺪﺟ رد يرﺎﯿﺴﺑ ﻞﺣ
زا ﻞﺋﺎﺴﻣ ﯽﺳﺪﻨﻬﻣ ﯽﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﻦﯾا شور ﯽﻨﺘﺒﻣ ﺮﺑ ﻂﺑاور ﻦﺘﻓﺎﯾ ﯽﺗاذ
نﺎﯿﻣ يﺎﻫﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ
ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ﺮﺑ ﺮﻫ يﺮﯿﮔدﺎﯾ ،ﻪﻠﺌﺴﻣ نآ
و ﺲﭙﺳ
ﻢﯿﻤﻌﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ يﺎﻫ ﻪﺑﺎﺸﻣ ﯽﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﻦﯾا رد اﺪﻫ ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﯾ
ﺖ
ﺮﺘﮑﻟا ﯾ ﮑ ﯽ ﺷ ﯿ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﺳزﺎﺑ ﺮ ﻪﮑﺒﺷ
ﯽﻋﻮﻨﺼﻣ ﯽﺒﺼﻋ ﺎﺑ
رﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ
نوﺮﺘﭙﺳﺮﭘ ﺪﻨﭼ ﻪﯾﻻ ﻪﺋارا ﺪﺷ . ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ زا
ﻦﯾا ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ نﺎﺸﻧ داد
ﻪﮐ ﺒﺼﻋ ﻪﮑﺒﺷ لﺪﻣ رد ﯽ
ﻋﻮﻨﺼﻣ ﯽ ﻨﭽﻤﻫ و ﯿ ﺳﺮﮔر لﺪﻣ ﻦ ﯿ
ﻧﻮ ﯽ
ﺑ ،ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ﺢﻄﺳ شور ﯿ
ﺮﺘﺸ ﯾ ﺛﺎﺗ ﻦ ﯿ لﺪﻣ رد ﺮ زﺎﺳ ي اﺪﻫ ﯾ ﺮﺘﮑﻟا ﺖ ﯾ ﮑ ﯽ
ﺷ ﯿ ﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﺳزﺎﺑ ﺮ ﯿ
ﺌﺗوﺮﭘ ﺪﺻرد ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﺐ ﯿ
،زﻮﺘﮐﻻ ﺪﺻرد ،ﻦ
ﺑﺮﭼ ﺪﺻرد و ﺎﻣد ﯽ
دﻮﺑ . زا ﻪﺴﯾﺎﻘﻣ هداد يﺎﻫ ﯽﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﺎﺑ تﺎﻋﻼﻃا ﻪﺑ يراﺰﺑا
ﺪﻨﻤﻧاﻮﺗ رد لﺪﻣ ندﺮﮐ اﺪﻫ ﯾ ﺮﺘﮑﻟا ﺖ ﯾ ﮑ ﯽ ﺷ ﯿ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﺳزﺎﺑ ﺮ
ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﻦﯾﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﻪﮑﺒﺷ ﻋﻮﻨﺼﻣ ﯽﺒﺼﻋ ﯽ
اﺮﺑ ي ﻤﺨﺗ ﯿ اﺪﻫ ﻦ ﯾ ﺖ
ﺮﺘﮑﻟا ﯾ ﮑ ﯽ ﺷ ﯿ ﻪﮑﺒﺷ ،ﻪﺘﺧﺎﺳزﺎﺑ ﺮ رﻮﮕﻟا ﺎﺑ MLP
ﯾ ﻢﺘ ﯾ ﮔدﺎ ﯿﺮ ي
گﺮﺒﻧﻮﻟ - ﻪﻧﺎﺘﺳآ ﻊﺑﺎﺗ ،تراﻮﮐرﺎﻣ يژﻮﻟﻮﭘﻮﺗ ،Tanh
1 - 4 - 4 ﺎﺑ ،
ﺮﺿ ﯾ ﺒﺗ ﺐ ﯿﯿ ﻦ 992 /0 ﺎﻄﺧ و ي نﻮﻣزآ 011 /0 دﻮﺑ . فﺪﻫ ﺮﮔا
اﺪﻫ نﺪﻧﺎﺳر ﯾ
ﺮﺘﮑﻟا ﺖ ﯾ ﮑ ﯽ نآ لﻮﻤﻌﻣ راﺪﻘﻣ ﻪﺑ )
4 ﺎﺗ mS/cm
5/
5 ( ﺑﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ﺢﻄﺳ شور ﻪﺑ هﺪﺷ ﻪﺋارا لﺪﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﯿ
ﺖ 100
ا ﻪﺑ ﺪﺻرد ﯾ ﻣ فﺪﻫ ﻦ ﯽ ﺪﺳر . ا رد ﯾ اﺪﻫ ﺖﻟﺎﺣ ﻦ ﯾ
ﺮﺘﮑﻟا ﺖ ﯾ ﮑ ﯽ ﺷ ﯿ ﺮ
ﺎﺑ ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﺳزﺎﺑ mS/cm
2 / 5 دﺎﻘﻣ و ﯾ ﺑﺮﭼ ﺪﺻرد ﺮ ﯽ
،ﺎﻣد ،
ﺌﺗوﺮﭘ ﺪﺻرد ﯿ
زﻮﺘﮐﻻ ﺪﺻرد و ﻦ ﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ
ﯿ ﺎﺑ ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ ﺐ 3
% ، 13 / 61
ﺴﻠﺳ ﻪﺟرد ﯿ
،سﻮ 73 / 2 % و 77 /5 % دﻮﺑ ﺪﻫاﻮﺧ .
5 - ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ
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Application of Artificial Neural Network in Predicting the Electrical Conductivity of Recombined Milk
Naseri, H. 1, Hazbavi, I. 2, Shahbazi, F. 3
1. Graduate Master student of biosystem engineering, faculty of agriculture, Lorestan University 2. Assistant professor of biosystem engineering, faculty of agriculture, Lorestan University 3. Associate professor of biosystem engineering, faculty of agriculture, Lorestan University
(Received: 2019/02/07 Accepted:2020/01/07)
In this study, the electrical conductivity of recombined milk was modeled and predicted using artificial neural networks(ANN) method. The protein (1, 2, 3 and 4%), lactose (4, 6, 8 and 10%), fat (3 and 6%) and temperature (50, 55, 60 and 65ºC) were considered as the independent inputparameters and electrical conductivity of recombined milk as the dependent parameter. Experimental data obtained from electrical conductivity meter, were used for training and testing the network. In order to develop neural network firstly experimental data were randomly divided into three sets of training (70%), validating (15%) and testing model (15%). In order to develop ANN models. Multilayer perceptron networks (MLP) models were trained in two, three and four layers. The number of hidden layers and the number of neurons in each layer were obtained by trial and error. The best training algorithm was LM with the least MSE value.
The highest coefficient of determination (R2) and lowest mean squared error (MSE) were considered as the criterion for selecting the best network. The network having three layers with a topology of 4-4-1 had the best results in predicting the electrical conductivity of recombined milk. This network has four neurons in the hidden layer. For this network, R2 and MSE were 0.992 and 0.011, respectively. These results can be used in milk processing factories. The correlation between the predicted and experimental values in the optimal topologies was higher than 99%.
Keywords: Recombined milk, Electrical conductivity, Modeling, Artificial neural network
