ﺗ ﺄ ﻴﺛ ﻲﺤﻄﺳﺮﻳز يرﺎﻴﺑآ ﺮ لﻮﺴﭙﻛ ﺎﺑ
ﻲﮔﮋﻳو ﺮﺑ ﻞﺨﻠﺨﺘﻣ ﻲﺳر يﺎﻫ رﻮﮕﻧا هﺎﻴﮔ ﻲﻔﻴﻛ و ﻲﻤﻛ يﺎﻫ
ﻲﻌﻗاو ﻲﻧﺎﺑﺮﻗ ﺖﺠﺣ
1
-
*ﻲﻣاﺮﻬﺑ ﻲﻠﻋ ﻦﻴﺴﺣ -
2يﺮﻬﻈﻣ ﺎﺿر -
3رﻮﭘ ﺖﻤﺸﺣ ﻲﻠﻋ
4
ﺖﻓﺎﻳرد ﺦﻳرﺎﺗ :
26 / 08 / 1392
شﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﺦﻳرﺎﺗ :
05 / 08 / 1393
هﺪﻴﻜﭼ
لﻮﺴﭙﻛ ﻲﺳر ﻲﻋﻮﻧ ﺔﻟﻮﻟ اواﺮﺗ رد يرﺎﻴﺑآ ﻲﺤﻄﺳﺮﻳز ﺖﺳا
ﻪﻛ ﻲﻳﺎﻧاﻮﺗ ﻦﻴﻣﺄﺗ ﻪﻧاﺪﻨﻤﺷﻮﻫ ﺖﺑﻮﻃر
ﺖـﻴﻓﺮﻇ ﻲـﻋارز ار رد ﻪـﻴﺣﺎﻧ ﺪـﺷر ﻪـﺸﻳر دراد . ﻦﻴـﻴﻌﺗ
ﻲﻳارﺎﻛ فﺮﺼﻣ بآ ﻪﺑ شور ﻲﺤﻄﺳﺮﻳز ﺎﺑ لﻮﺴﭙﻛ ﻲﺳر ﻞﺨﻠﺨﺘﻣ ناﺪﻨﭼ درﻮﻣ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ راﺮﻗ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮕﻧ ﺖﺳا . رد ﻦﻳا
،ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻪـﺑ رﻮـﻈﻨﻣ ﻦﻴﻣﺎـﺗ ﺖـﺑﻮﻃر هﺎـﻴﮔ
رﻮﮕﻧا زا لﻮﺴﭙﻛ يﺎﻫ ﻲﺳر ﻲﻠﺨﻠﺨﺘﻣ ﻪﺑ عﺎﻔﺗرا 12 ﻲﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﺮﺘﻣ و ﺮﻄﻗ 5 / 3 ﻲﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﺮﺘﻣ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺪﺷ و راﺪﻘﻣ فﺮﺼﻣ
،بآ دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ لﻮﺼﺤﻣ و ﻲﻳارﺎﻛ فﺮﺼﻣ بآ
نآ رد ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﺎﺑ يرﺎﻴﺑآ هﺮﻄﻗ يا ﻲﺤﻄﺳ رد ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﮓﻧر ﻪﺒﺣ ﺎﻫ درﻮﻣ ﻲﺑﺎﻳزرا راﺮﻗ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ . رد ﻦﻳا ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﻲﺗﺎﻔﺻ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ لﻮﻃ و نزو
،ﻪﺷﻮﺧ داﻮﻣ ﺪـﻣﺎﺟ
و لﻮﻠﺤﻣpH هﻮﻴﻣ رﻮﮕﻧا هزاﺪﻧا يﺮﻴﮔ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ . ﻢﻫ ﻦﻴﻨﭼ ناﺰﻴﻣ ﻞﻴﻓوﺮﻠﻛ
،ﻲﮔﺮﺑ ﺪﺻرد مرﻮﺗ و ﺖﺑﻮﻃر گﺮﺑ رد ﺮﻫ ود شور درﻮﻣ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ راﺮﻗ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ . ﻲـﺳرﺮﺑ
ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻲﮔﮋﻳو يﺎﻫ هﻮﻴﻣ رﻮﮕﻧا نﺎﺸﻧ داد ﻪﻛ نزو و لﻮﻃ
،ﻪﺷﻮﺧ راﺪﻘﻣ داﻮﻣ ﺪﻣﺎﺟ لﻮﻠﺤﻣ و ردpH يرﺎﻴﺑآ لﻮﺴﭙﻛ يﺎﻫ ﻲﺳر ﻞﺨﻠﺨﺘﻣ ﺮﻳز ﻲﺤﻄﺳ فﻼﺘـﺧا
ﻲﻨﻌﻣ يراد رد ﺢﻄﺳ 5 ﺪﺻرد ﺎﺑ يرﺎﻴﺑآ هﺮﻄﻗ يا ﻲﺤﻄﺳ ﺖﺷاﺪﻧ . ﻢﻫ ﻦﻴﻨﭼ ﺰﻴﻟﺎﻧآ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻲﮔﺮﺑ نﺎﺸﻧ داد ﻪﻛ ناﺰﻴﻣ ﻞﻴﻓوﺮﻠﻛ ﻲﮔﺮﺑ و ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﻲﺒﺴﻧ گﺮﺑ هﺎـﻴﮔ
رﻮﮕﻧا رد ﺢﻄﺳ يرﺎﻣآ 5 ﺪﺻرد ﺖﺤﺗ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ شور يرﺎﻴﺑآ راﺮﻗ ﺖﺷاﺪﻧ . راﺪﻘﻣ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ فﺮﺼﻣ بآ و دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ هﻮﻴﻣ رد شور يرﺎﻴﺑآ لﻮﺴﭙﻛ ﻲﺳر ﻲﺤﻄﺳﺮﻳز و
يرﺎﻴﺑآ هﺮﻄﻗ يا ﻲﺤﻄﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ 4050 و 6668 ﺮﺘﻣ ﺐﻌﻜﻣ رد رﺎﺘﻜﻫ و 2 / 14 و 8 / 14 ﻦﺗ رد رﺎﺘﻜﻫ دﻮﺑ و ﺎﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻪـﺑ راﺪـﻘﻣ دﺮـﻜﻠﻤﻋ هﻮـﻴﻣ و راﺪـﻘﻣ بآ
،ﻲﻓﺮﺼﻣ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ هﺮﻬﺑ يرو بآ رد شور يرﺎﻴﺑآ لﻮﺴﭙﻛ ﻲﺳر ﺮﺘﻬﺑ زا شور يرﺎﻴﺑآ هﺮﻄﻗ يا ﻲﺤﻄﺳ دﻮﺑ .
هژاو يﺎﻫ يﺪﻴﻠﻛ : ﻪﺗﻮﺑ
،رﻮﮕﻧا ﺖﺑﻮﻃر
،كﺎﺧ ﻲﻳارﺎﻛ فﺮﺼﻣ
،بآ
،دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻪﻟﻮﻟ ﻞﺨﻠﺨﺘﻣ
ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ
1 2
3
رﻮﮕﻧا ﻲﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﺪﻨﭼ ﻪﻟﺎﺳ ﺖﺳا ﻪـﻛ رد ضﺮـﻋ ﻲﻳﺎـﻴﻓاﺮﻐﺟ 4
ﺎـﺗ 51
ﻪﺟرد هﺮﻜﻤﻴﻧ ﻲﻟﺎﻤﺷ و 6 ﺎﺗ 45 ﻪﺟرد هﺮﻜﻤﻴﻧ ﻲﺑﻮـﻨﺟ ﺶﻨﻛاﺮـﭘ دراد و
ﺶﺷرد هرﺎﻗ زا ﺖﻔﻫ هرﺎﻗ نﺎﻬﺟ ﺎﺑ ﻂﻳاﺮﺷ ﻲﻤﻴﻠﻗا
ًﻼﻣﺎﻛ توﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﺖـﺸﻛ
ﻲﻣ دﻮﺷ ) 24 .(
مﺎﻧ ﻲﻤﻠﻋ نآ ﺲﻴﺘﻳو اﺮﻔﻨﻳو 1 زا هﺮﻴﺗ ﻲﻠﭙﻣآ ﻪـﺳاد ﺖـﺳا
ﻦﻳا هﺮﻴﺗ هد ﺲﻨﺟ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ دراد ﻪﻛ ﺎﻬﻨﺗ ﺲﻨﺟ ﺲﻴـﺘﻳو ﻪـﺒﻨﺟ ﻲﻛارﻮـﺧ
دراد . ﻦﻳا هﺎﻴﮔ ياﺮﺑ ﺪﺷر ﻪﺑ نﺎﺘـﺴﺑﺎﺗ يﺎـﻫ مﺮـﮔ و ﻚـﺸﺧ ﻲﻧﻻﻮـﻃ و
نﺎﺘﺴﻣز يﺎﻫ دﺮﺳ زﺎﻴﻧ دراد . ﻪﭽﺨﻳرﺎﺗ ﺖﺸﻛ نآ رد ناﺮﻳا ﻪﺑ 2000 لﺎﺳ
ﺶﻴﭘ زا دﻼﻴﻣ ﺮﺑ ﻲﻣ ددﺮﮔ و ﺎﺑ 263 راﺰﻫ رﺎﺘﻜﻫ ﺢﻄـﺳ ﺖـﺸﻛﺮﻳز ﻪـﺒﺗر
ﻢﺘﻔﻫ نﺎﻬﺟ ار ﻪﺑ دﻮﺧ صﺎﺼﺘﺧا هداد ﺖﺳا ) 6 .(
ﺎﻫرﺎﻣآ نﺎﺸﻧ ﻲﻣ ﺪﻫد ﻪﻛ رد ﺮﻫ رﺎﺘﻜﻫ ﻲﺿارا ﻲﺑآ رد رﻮـﺸﻛ ﺎـﻣ رد
دوﺪﺣ 10000 ﺮﺘﻣ ﺐﻌﻜﻣ بآ فﺮﺼﻣ ﻲﻣ دﻮﺷ ﻪﻛ ﻦـﻳا راﺪـﻘﻣ ود ﺮـﺑاﺮﺑ
1 - سووﺎﻛ ﺪﺒﻨﮔ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،يزروﺎﺸﻛ هﺪﻜﺸﻧاد رﺎﻳدﺎﺘﺳا
*) - لﻮﺌﺴﻣ هﺪﻨﺴﻳﻮﻧ :
Email: [email protected] (
2 - سرﺪﻣ ﺖﻴﺑﺮﺗ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،يزروﺎﺸﻛ هﺪﻜﺸﻧاد رﺎﻴﺸﻧاد
3 و 4 - سووﺎﻛ ﺪﺒﻨﮔ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،ﻲﻧﺎﺴﻧا مﻮﻠﻋ هﺪﻜﺸﻧاد نارﺎﻳدﺎﺘﺳا
فﺮﻋ ﻲﻧﺎﻬﺟ ﺖﺳا ) 12 .(
ﺎﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺖﻳدوﺪﺤﻣ
،ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﻪـﻨﻴﻬﺑ زا
بآ دﻮﺟﻮﻣ يروﺮﺿ ﺖﺳا و ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ﻲﻳارﺎﻛ فﺮﺼﻣ بآ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ يﺰـﻳر
ﺢﻴﺤﺻ و ﻪﺑ يﺮﻴﮔرﺎﻛ شور يﺎﻫ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ يرﺎـﻴﺑآ ود رﺎـﻜﻫار ﺐـﺳﺎﻨﻣ
هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا زا بآ ﺖﺳا ) 4 (
هﺎﻴﮔ رﻮﮕﻧا رد ﻂﻳاﺮﺷ ﻢﻛ ﻲﺑآ ﺎﺑ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻪﺸﻳر يﺎﻫ ﻖﻴﻤﻋ ﺎـﺑ ﻂﻳاﺮـﺷ
ﻂﻴﺤﻣ نﻮﻣاﺮﻴﭘ رﺎﮔزﺎﺳ ﻲﻣ دﻮﺷ ﺎﻣا ﺶﻨﺗ ﺪﻳﺪﺷ ﻲﻜـﺸﺧ ﺚـﻋﺎﺑ يﺪـﻨﻛ
،ﺪﺷر ﺮﻴﺧﺎﺗ رد ﻲﮔﺪﻴﺳر
،هﻮﻴﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﺖـﻴﻔﻴﻛ
،هﻮـﻴﻣ ﻪـﺑ ﻢـﻫ ندرﻮـﺧ
ﺐﺳﺎﻨﺗ داﺪﻌﺗ گﺮﺑ و هﻮﻴﻣ و رد ﺖﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﺪﺷر ﻪﺧﺎﺷ ﻲﻣ دﻮـﺷ ) 20
و 22 ( . ﻪﺑ رﻮﻃ ﻲﻠﻛ رد ﻲﻘﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ رﻮﮕﻧا ﻪﺘﺴﺑاو ﻪﺑ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ يﺎـﻫ
يرﺎﻴﺑآ ﺖﺳا بآ هﺪﻤﻋ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ لﺮﺘﻨﻛ هﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﺖﻴﻤﻛ و ﺖـﻴﻔﻴﻛ هﻮـﻴﻣ
ﻪﺑ هﮋﻳو رد ﻞﺼﻓ نﺎﺘﺴﺑﺎﺗ ﻲﻘﻠﺗ ﻲﻣ دﻮﺷ .
هوﮋﭘرذآ و ﻲﺤﻴﺑذ ﻪﺑ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ رود يرﺎﻴﺑآ درﻮﻣ زﺎﻴﻧ رﻮـﮕﻧا ﻲﻧﺎـﻜﻴﭘ و
ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ نآ ﺮﺑ صاﻮﺧ ﻲﻔﻴﻛ و ﻲﻤﻛ رﻮﮕﻧا ﺪﻨﺘﺧادﺮﭘ ) 1 .(
ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ نآ ﺎﻫ نﺎﺸﻧ
داد ﻪﻛ ﺮﺛا رﺎﻤﻴﺗ يﺎﻫ يرﺎﻴﺑآ ﺮﺑ ﻲـﮔﮋﻳو يﺎـﻫ ﻲـﻜﻳﺰﻴﻓ هﻮـﻴﻣ رﻮـﮕﻧا رد
ﺢﻄﺳ 5 ﺪﺻرد ﻲﻨﻌﻣ راد دﻮﺑ و ﺶﻴﺑ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ
،لﻮﻃ ضﺮﻋ
،ﻪﺒﺣ داﻮﻣ ﺪـﻣﺎﺟ
لﻮﻠﺤﻣ و ﻢﻛ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ ناﺰﻴﻣ ﻪﺘﻳﺪﻴﺳا رد لﻮﻣﺮﻓ يرﺎﻤﻴﺗ ﻚﻳ بآ
،نﺎﺘـﺴﻣز
ﻚﻳ بآ ﻞﺒﻗ زا
،ﻞﮔ
يرﺎﻴﺑآ
دادﺮﺧ
هﺎﻣ
ﺲﭘ
زا
ﻲﻫﺪﻠﮔ
و
يرﺎﻴﺑآ
ﺲـﭘ
زا
نآ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ 20 زور ﺎﺗ ﻞﺒﻗ زا ﺖﺷادﺮﺑ ﺎﺑ دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ لﻮـﺼﺤﻣ 1 / 30 ﻦـﺗ
رد رﺎﺘﻜﻫ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ هﺪﺷ ﺖﺳا . رد ﻲﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺮﺛا ﻢﻛ يرﺎﻴﺑآ ﺮـﺑ ﺖـﻴﻤﻛ و
ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ هﻮﻴﻣ رﻮﮕﻧا نﺎﺘﺴﻛﺎﺗ يﺎﻫ نﺎـﺠﻳﺎﺑرذآ ﻲـﺑﺮﻏ
ﻲـﺳرﺮﺑ ﺪـﺷ ) 10 .(
ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻦﻳا ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ نﺎﺸﻧ داد ﺎﺑ ﺶﻫﺎـﻛ 25 ﺪـﺻرد فﺮـﺼﻣ
،بآ نوﺪـﺑ
ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ راد رد دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ
،هﻮـﻴﻣ ﺺﺧﺎـﺷ هﺮـﻬﺑ يرو بآ 30 ﺪـﺻرد
ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ﺖﻓﺎﻳ . ﻢﻫ ﻦﻴﻨﭼ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ نﺎﺸﻧ داد ﻪﻛ رد شور ﻢﻛ يرﺎﻴﺑآ ﺎـﺑ 50
و 75 ﺪــﺻرد زﺎــﻴﻧ ﻲــﺑآ
،هﺎــﻴﮔ
،نزو لﻮــﻃ و ضﺮــﻋ ﻪــﺒﺣ ﺎــﺑ ﺶﻫﺎــﻛ
ﻲﻨﻌﻣ يراد هاﺮﻤﻫ هدﻮﺑ ﺖﺳا .
ﻦﻴﻘﻘﺤﻣ نﺎﻴﺑ ﺪﻨﺘﺷاد ﻪﻛ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ و ﻞﻣﺎﻜﺗ ﻞـﮔ و ﻞـﮔ ﻦـﻳذآ رﻮـﮕﻧا
ﺖﻴﺳﺎﺴﺣ يدﺎﻳز ﻪﺑ دﻮﺒﻤﻛ بآ دراد . ﺮﮔا ﻪﺗﻮﺑ يﺎﻫ رﻮﮕﻧا رد ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﻞـﺒﻗ
زا عوﺮﺷ ﻪﺑ نﺪﻴﺳر هﻮﻴﻣ ﺖﺤﺗ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﺶﻨﺗ ﻲﻜﺸﺧ راﺮﻗ
،ﺪﻧﺮﻴﮔ دﺮـﻜﻠﻤﻋ
نآ ﺎﻫ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﻲﻣ ﺪـﺑﺎﻳ ) 1
، 9 و 25 ( و ﺖـﻈﻠﻏ داﻮـﻣ يﺪـﻨﻗ و تﺎـﺒﻴﻛﺮﺗ
ﻲﻟﻮﻨﻓ زا ﻪﻠﻤﺟ ﻦﻴﻧﺎﻴﺳﻮﺘﻧآ رد
نآ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ﻲﻣ ﺪﺑﺎﻳ ) 19 .(
هﺎﻴﮔ رﻮﮕﻧا زﺎـﻴﻧ
ﻲﺑآ ﻲﻄﺳﻮﺘﻣ
،دراد ﺎﻣا ﺖﻴﻤﻛ و ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ هﻮﻴﻣ نآ ﻪﺑ تﺪـﺷ ﻪﺘـﺴﺑاو ﻪـﺑ
ناﺰﻴﻣ ﻲﺑآ ﺖﺳا ﻪﻛ رد ﻞﺼﻓ ﺶﻳاز و ﻞﻣﺎﻜﺗ هﻮﻴﻣ رد رﺎﻴﺘﺧا هﺎـﻴﮔ راﺮـﻗ
ﻲﻣ دﺮﻴﮔ ) 26 .(
ﺎﺑ ﺖـﻳﺎﻨﻋ ﻪـﺑ ﻲﮔﺪـﻧرﺎﺑ يﺎـﻫ ﻢـﻛ و ﻢﻈﻨﻣﺎـﻧ رد ﺐـﻠﻏا
ﺶﺨﺑ يﺎﻫ ﺰﻴﺧرﻮﮕﻧا رﻮﺸﻛ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا زا ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ يﺎﻫ ﻦﻳﻮﻧ
،يرﺎﻴﺑآ نﺎﻜﻣا
ﻦﻴﻣﺄﺗ زﺎﻴﻧ ﻲﺑآ هﺎﻴﮔ رﻮـﮕﻧا رد ﻞـﺼﻓ ﺶـﻳاز و ﻞـﻣﺎﻜﺗ هﻮـﻴﻣ ار ﻢﻫاﺮـﻓ
ﺪﻫاﻮﺧ دﺮﻛ و هوﻼﻋ ﺮﺑ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا نﺎﻣﺪﻧار
،لﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺶﻳاﺰـﻓا نﺎﻣﺪـﻧار
يرﺎﻴﺑآ هاﺮﻤﻫ ﺪﻫاﻮﺧ دﻮﺑ . ﻲﻨﻴﻠﺟ ﺎـﺑ هدﺎﻔﺘـﺳا زا ﻢﺘـﺴﻴﺳ ﻦﻳﻮـﻧ يرﺎـﻴﺑآ
هﺮﻄﻗ يا ﻲﺤﻄﺳﺮﻳز ﺖﺴﻧاﻮﺗ
ﻪﺑ دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ و ﻲﻳارﺎﻛ فﺮـﺼﻣ بآ ﻻﺎـﺑ رد
ﻪﺟﻮﮔ ﻲﮕﻧﺮﻓ ﺖﺳد ﺪﺑﺎﻳ ) 7 .(
رد ﻖـﻴﻘﺤﺗ يﺮـﮕﻳد ﻲـﻨﻴﻠﺟ و يدﺎـﺑآﺮﻬﻣ
شراﺰﮔ ﺪﻧدﺮﻛ ﻪﻛ رﺎﻤﻴﺗ يرﺎﻴﺑآ ﺮﻄﻗ ه يا ﻲﺤﻄﺳﺮﻳز رد
ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ
و ﻲﻳارﺎﻛ فﺮﺼﻣ بآ رد هﺎﻴﮔ ﻪـﺒﻨﭘ ﺖﺒـﺴﻧ ﻪـﺑ شور يرﺎـﻴﺑآ ﻲﺤﻄـﺳ
يﺮﺗﺮﺑ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ راد يرﺎﻣآ ﺖﺷاد ) 8 .(
رد نﺎﻴﻟﺎﺳ ﺮـﻴﺧا ﻦﻘﻴـﻘﺤﻣ ﻪـﺟﻮﺗ هدﺮﺘـﺴﮔ يا ﻪـﺑ هدﺎﻔﺘـﺳا زا عﻮـﻧ
يﺮﮕﻳد زا يرﺎﻴﺑآ ﻲﺤﻄﺳﺮﻳز ﻪﺑ
مﺎﻧ لﻮﺴﭙﻛ يﺎﻫ ﻲﺳر ﻞﺨﻠﺨﺘﻣ نﺎـﺸﻧ
هداد ﺪﻧا ) 2
، 3
، 15
، 16
، 17
، 18
، 21
، 27
، 28
، 29 .(
ﻦﻳا تﺎﻌﻄﻗ ﻪﺑ ﻞﻴﻟد
ﺖﻴﺻﺎﺧ دﻮﺧ ﻲﻤﻴﻈﻨﺗ و ﺶﻫﺎﻛ فﺮﺼﻣ بآ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻪﺑ ﺮﻳﺎﺳ شور يﺎـﻫ
يرﺎﻴﺑآ ﻲﺤﻄﺳ و ﻲﺠﻄﺳﺮﻳز ياﺮﺑ
ﻲﺣاﺮﻃ شور يﺎﻫ ﻪـﻨﻴﻬﺑ رد ﻦﻴﻣﺎـﺗ
ﺖﺑﻮﻃر كﺎﺧ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﺺﻴﺨﺸﺗ هداد هﺪﺷ ﺪـﻧا ) 2 و 3 .(
ﺞﻳﺎـﺘﻧ دﺮـﻜﻠﻤﻋ
ﻲﺿارا ﺖﺤﺗ ﺖﺸﻛ ﻪﻧاوﺪﻨﻫ رد
،ﺪﻨﻫ ترذ و رﺎﻴﺧ رد ﺎﻴﻧﺮﻔﻴﻟﺎﻛ ﻪـﺑ شور
لﻮﺴﭙﻛ ﻲﺳر ﺪﻳﻮﻣ نآ ﺖﺳا ﻪـﻛ دﺮـﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺪـﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻪـﻧاوﺪﻨﻫ رد ﻢﺘـﺴﻴﺳ
يرﺎﻴﺑآ لﻮﺴﭙﻛ ﻲﺳر 25 ﻦﺗ ﺮﺑ رﺎﺘﻜﻫ ﺖﺳا رد ﻲﻟﺎﺣ ﻪﻛ رد ﻪـﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﺎـﺑ
يرﺎﻴﺑآ ﻲﺑﺎﻗﺮﻏ راﺪﻘﻣ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻪﻧاوﺪﻨﻫ ﻪﺑ شور لﻮﺴﭙﻛ ﻲﺳر ﻪﺑ ناﺰـﻴﻣ 8
ﻦﺗ ﺮﺑ رﺎﺘﻜﻫ ﻢﻛ ﺮﺗ زا شور ﻲﺑﺎﻗﺮﻏ دﻮﺑ . ﺎﻣا رد ﻦﻳا راﺪﻘﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﺪـﻴﻟﻮﺗ
ﻪﺑ ناﺰﻴﻣ 2400 ﺮﺘﻣ ﺐﻌﻜﻣ بآ ﻪﻓﺮﺻ ﻲﻳﻮﺟ هﺪﺷ ﺖـﺳا ) 17 .(
رد هﺎـﻴﮔ
ترذ ناﺰﻴﻣ بآ ﻲﻓﺮﺼﻣ ﻪﺑ شور ﻲﻟﺎﻔﺳ 1 / 0 راﺪﻘﻣ نآ ﻪـﺑ شور ﺞـﻳار
رد عراﺰﻣ ترذ ﺎﻴﻧﺮﻔﻴﻟﺎﻛ ﺖـﺳا و ياﺮـﺑ هﺎـﻴﮔ رﺎـﻴﺧ ﻪـﺑ ﻦـﻳا شور 54
ﺐﻌﻜﻣﺮﺘﻣ بآ ﻪﻓﺮﺻ ﻲﻳﻮﺟ هﺪﺷ ﺖﺳا .
تﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ يدﺪﻌﺘﻣ زا عﻮﻧ يرﺎﻴﺑآ هﺮﻄﻗ يا ﻲﺤﻄـﺳ و ﻲﺤﻄـﺳﺮﻳز رد
يﺎﺘﺳار ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﺢﻴﺤﺻ بآ يرﺎﻴﺑآ غﺎﺑ يﺎﻫ رﻮﮕﻧا مﺎﺠﻧا هﺪﺷ ﺖـﺳا
ﻲﻟو ﻲﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺎﺑ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا زا لﻮﺴﭙﻛ ﻲـﺳر ياﺮـﺑ ﻦﻴﻣﺎـﺗ ﺖـﺑﻮﻃر ﻪـﻨﻴﻬﺑ
كﺎﺧ رد هدوﺪﺤﻣ ي ﺪﺷر ﻪﺸﻳر هﺎـﻴﮔ رﻮـﮕﻧا مﺎـﺠﻧا هﺪـﺸﻧ ﺖـﺳا . ﻦـﻳا
،ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ ناﺰـﻴﻣ بآ
،ﻲﻓﺮـﺼﻣ دﺮـﻜﻠﻤﻋ لﻮـﺼﺤﻣ و ﻲﻳارﺎـﻛ
فﺮــﺼﻣ بآ رد ود شور يرﺎــﻴﺑآ ﻲﺤﻄــﺳﺮﻳز ﺎــﺑ
لﻮــﺴﭙﻛ يﺎــﻫ ﻲــﺳر
ﻞﺨﻠﺨﺘﻣ و يرﺎﻴﺑآ هﺮﻄﻗ يا ﻲﺤﻄﺳ رد غﺎﺑ رﻮﮕﻧا ﻪﺘﺧادﺮﭘ ﺖﺳا و ﺮﻴﺛﺎـﺗ
ﻦﻳا ود شور ار ﺮﺑ ﻲﺧﺮﺑ ﻲﮔﮋﻳو يﺎﻫ ﻲﻤﻛ و ﻲﻔﻴﻛ گﺮﺑ و هﻮﻴﻣ رﻮـﮕﻧا
درﻮﻣ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ و ﻲﺑﺎﻳزرا راﺮﻗ هداد ﺖﺳا .
شور و داﻮﻣ ﺎﻫ
ﻞﺤﻣ تﺎﺼﺨﺸﻣ ﺶﻳﺎﻣزآ تاﺪﻴﻬﻤﺗ و
ﻲـﺳر لﻮـﺴﭙﻛ ﺎـﺑ ﻲﺤﻄﺳﺮﻳز يرﺎﻴﺑآ عﻮﻧ ود ﺮﺛا ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ هﺮﻄﻗ و ﻞﺨﻠﺨﺘﻣ ﻲﮔﮋﻳو ﺮﺑ ﻲﺤﻄﺳ يا
ﺎﻫ ، رﻮـﮕﻧا هﻮﻴﻣ ﻲﻔﻴﻛو ﻲﻤﻛ ي
لﺎـﺳ رد ﻲﺸﻳﺎﻣزآ يﺎـﻫ
1391 و 1392 يور ﺮـﺑ 382 رد ﻪـﺗﻮﺑ 2500
ﻲﻳﺎـﻴﻓاﺮﻐﺟ تﺎﺼﺘﺨﻣ رد ﻊﻗاو رﻮﮕﻧا غﺎﺑ زا ﻊﺑﺮﻣﺮﺘﻣ 5
''/ 40 44
'35
0و ﻲﻟﺎﻤﺷ ضﺮﻋ 49
''9
'51
0ﻲـﺑﺮﻏ بﻮـﻨﺟ ﻊﻠـﺿ رد ﻲﻗﺮـﺷ لﻮﻃ
ﺪـﺷ اﺮﺟا سرﺪﻣ ﺖﻴﺑﺮﺗ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد يزروﺎﺸﻛ هﺪﻜﺸﻧاد .
،ﻖـﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻦـﻳا رد
ﺎﺑ يرﺎﻴﺑآ و ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮕﻧ راﺮﻗ ﻲﺑآ ﺶﻨﺗ ﺖﺤﺗ نﺎﻫﺎﻴﮔ 100
ﻲـﺑآ زﺎـﻴﻧ ﺪﺻرد
ﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا هﻮﻴﻣ ﺖﺷادﺮﺑ زا ﺲﭘ هﺎﻤﻜﻳ ﺎﺗ ﺪﺷر ﻞﺼﻓ لﻮﻃ مﺎﻤﺗ رد هﺎﻴﮔ .
ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ ﻫ
رﻮـﮕﻧا يﺎ 2
ﻒـﻳدر ﻦﻴـﺑ رد و دﻮـﺑ ﺮـﺘﻣ 5
/ 2 زا ﺮـﺘﻣ
ﺪﻨﺘﺷاد ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ ﺮﻜﻳﺪﻜﻳ .
ﻪﺗﻮﺑ داﺪﻌﺗ و ﻲﺤﻄـﺳﺮﻳز يرﺎـﻴﺑآ رد رﻮـﮕﻧا يﺎﻫ
ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻲﺤﻄﺳ 233
و 149 دﻮﺑ دﺪﻋ . يرﺎﻴﺑآ رد رﻮﮕﻧا ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﺮﻫ ياﺮﺑ
،ﻲﺤﻄﺳﺮﻳز 4
عﻮﻧ زا ﻲﻟﺎﻔﺳ ﻪﻌﻄﻗ )
G15ا ﻞﻜﺷ - ﻒـﻟا ( ﻖـﻤﻋ رد 50
ﻲﺘﻧﺎﺳ اﺮﺑ و ﺪﺷ يراﺬﮔرﺎﻛ كﺎﺧ يﺮﺘﻣ
هﺮـﻄﻗ يرﺎـﻴﺑآ ي ﻲﺤﻄـﺳ يا
4
ﻢﻠﻴﻓﺎﺘﻧ نﺎﻜﭼ هﺮﻄﻗ )
ﻞﻜﺷ 1 - ب ( ﻲﻫﺪﺑآ ﺎﺑ 4 ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺖﻋﺎﺳﺮﺑ ﺮﺘﻴﻟ .
لﻮﺴﭙﻛ ﻞﺨﻠﺨﺘﻣ ﻲﺳر يﺎﻫ )
(
G15هﺎـﮔرﺎﻛ زا ﻖـﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻦـﻳا زﺎـﻴﻧ درﻮﻣ
هﺮــﻄﻗ و سرﺪــﻣ ﺖــﻴﺑﺮﺗ هﺎﮕــﺸﻧاد ﻲﻟﺎﻔــﺳ تﺎــﻌﻄﻗ ﺪــﻴﻟﻮﺗ و ﺖﺧﺎــﺳ نﺎــﻜﭼ ﺪــﺷ ﻪــﻴﻬﺗ ﺰــﻴﻬﺠﺗ ﺰــﻴﻨﺑ ﺖﻛﺮــﺷ زا ﻢﻠﻴﻓﺎــﺘﻧ يﺎــﻫ .
لوﺪــﺟ 1
ﻲﮔﮋﻳو يﺎﻫ لﻮـﺴﭙﻛ ﻲﻜﻴﻟورﺪـﻴﻫ و ﻲـﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﺖﺨﻳر رﺎـﺸﻓ رد ار
G15ﻲﻜﻴﺗﺎﺘﺳورﺪﻴﻫ 100
- 25 ﻲﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ لﺎﻜﺳﺎﭘﻮﻠﻴﻛ ﺪﻫد
.
ياﺮﺑ ﻦﻴﻣﺄﺗ بآ يرﺎﻴﺑآ نﺎـﻫﺎﻴﮔ زا بآ هﺎـﭼ ﺮـﻴﻏ بﺮـﺷ هﺪﻜـﺸﻧاد
يزروﺎﺸﻛ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺪﺷ . لوﺪﺟ 2 ﻲﮔﮋﻳو يﺎﻫ ﻲﻳﺎﻴﻤﺷ ﻦﻳا بآ ار نﺎـﺸﻧ
ﻲﻣ ﺪﻫد . ناﺰﻴﻣ
،ﻢﻴﺴﻠﻛ ﻢﻳﺰﻴﻨﻣ و تاﺮﺘﻴﻧ نآ ﺎﺘﺒﺴﻧ ﺖﺳﻻﺎﺑ . اﺬﻟ رد لﻮﻃ
ﻞﺼﻓ
،ﺪﺷر ﻂﻘﻓ زﺎﻴﻧ ﻲﻤﻴﺳﺎﺘﭘ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ يﺎﻫ رﻮﮕﻧا ﺎﺑ ود رﺎﺑ دﻮﻛ ﻢﻴـﺳﺎﺘﭘ 56
يﺪﺻرد لﻮﻠﺤﻣ رد بآ يرﺎـﻴﺑآ و ﺎـﺑ ﺖـﻈﻠﻏ 2 راﺰـﻫرد زا ﻖـﻳﺮﻃ بآ
يرﺎﻴﺑآ ﻦﻴﻣﺎﺗ ﺪﺷ . ياﺮﺑ ﻦﻴﻣﺎﺗ رﺎﺑ ﻲﻜﻴﺗﺎﺘﺳورﺪﻴﻫرﺎﺸﻓ 25
لﺎﻜـﺳﺎﭘﻮﻠﻴﻛ
رد ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ يرﺎﻴﺑآ ﻲﺤﻄﺳﺮﻳز زا
ﻚﻳ ﺮﻜﻧﺎـﺗ ود هراﺪـﺟ ي ﺪـﺿ ﻚـﺒﻠﺟ
1000 يﺮﺘﻴﻟ ﺐﺼﻧ هﺪﺷ رد عﺎﻔﺗرا 5 / 2 يﺮﺘﻣ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺪﺷ و ياﺮﺑ هﺮﻄﻗ
نﺎﻜﭼ ﺎﻫ زا رﺎﺸﻓ ﻚﻳ يﺮﻔﺴﻤﺗا بآ ﻪﻟﻮﻟ ﻲﺸﻛ هﺎﭼ ﺮﻴﻏ بﺮﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘـﺳا
ﺪﺷ
.
ﻞﻜﺷ 1 - لزﺎﻧ يﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﻓر رﺎﻜﺑ ﻲﺤﻄﺳﺮﻳز يرﺎﻴﺑآ رد )
ﻒﻟا ( ﻲﺤﻄﺳ و ) ب ( . ﻞﺨﻠﺨﺘﻣ ﻲﺳر لﻮﺴﭙﻛ ،ﻒﻟا G15
ﺮﺘﻴﻟ رﺎﻬﭼ ﻢﻠﻴﻓﺎﺘﻧ نﺎﻜﭼ هﺮﻄﻗ ،ب و
ﻲﻣ ﺖﻋﺎﺳﺮﺑ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
.
Figure 1- Applied Nuzzle in sub irrigation (A) and surface drip irrigation: A is porous clay capsules of G15 and b is Neta film.
لوﺪﺟ 1 - ﻞﺨﻠﺨﺘﻣ ﻲﺳر لﻮﺴﭙﻛ ﻲﻜﻴﻟورﺪﻴﻫ و ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﺖﺨﻳر تﺎﺼﺨﺸﻣ G15
Table 1- Morphological and hydraulic properties of G15
ﻲﺟرﺎﺧ ﺮﻄﻗ )
ﻲﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﺮﺘﻣ (
Outer diameter
ﻲﻠﺧاد ﺮﻄﻗ
) ﻲﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﺮﺘﻣ (
Inner diameter
هراﻮﻳد ﺖﻣﺎﺨﺿ
) ﻲﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﺮﺘﻣ (
Wall thickness
لﻮﻃ
) ﻲﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﺮﺘﻣ (
length ﻞﻜﺷ shape ﻲﻫﺪﺑآ
) ﺖﻋﺎﺳ ﺮﺑ ﺮﺘﻴﻟ (
Discharge (L.hr-1)
)25 (kPa )50 (kPa 80
kPa) ( 100
kPa) (
3.5 1.5
1.0 ﻪﻧاﻮﺘﺳا 12.0
0.8 1.3
2.5 3.5
لوﺪﺟ 2 - بآ ﻲﻳﺎﻴﻤﻴﺷ تﺎﻴﺻﻮﺼﺧ
Table 2- Chemical properties of water
Mg++ (mg/L) Ca++ (mg/L)
SO4---(mg/L) PO4---(mg/L)
NO3-(mg/L) EC (µS/cm)
PH
4317.44 1282.58
1211.38 0.37
24.48 660
7.99
هزاﺪﻧا ﻲﻔﻴﻛ و ﻲﻤﻛ يﺎﻫرﻮﺘﻛﺎﻓ يﺮﻴﮔ هﻮﻴﻣ
رﻮﮕﻧا
رد نﺎﻣز نﺪﻴﺳر هﻮﻴﻣ ﺎﻫ رد ﺮﻫ ود شور يرﺎﻴﺑآ زا 10 ﻪـﺗﻮﺑ رﻮـﮕﻧا
نﺎﺴﻤﻫ و
،ﺖﺧاﻮﻨﻜﻳ ﻚﻳ
ﻪﺷﻮﺧ رﻮﮕﻧا و زا ﺮﻫ ﻪﺷﻮﺧ 20 ﻪﺒﺣ ﻪﺑ رﻮـﻃ
ﻲﻓدﺎﺼﺗ اﺪﺟ ﺪﺷ و ﻲﺗﺎﻔﺻ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ
،نزو لﻮﻃ و ضﺮـﻋ
،ﻪـﺒﺣ ﻪـﺷﻮﺧ و
داﻮﻣ ﺪﻣﺎﺟ لﻮﻠﺤﻣ هﻮﻴﻣ هزاﺪﻧا يﺮﻴﮔ ﺪﺷ . ياﺮﺑ هزاﺪﻧا يﺮـﻴﮔ داﻮـﻣ ﺪـﻣﺎﺟ
لﻮﻠﺤﻣ اﺪﺘﺑا ﻪﺳ ﻪﺒﺣ رﻮﮕﻧا ﻪﺑ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻲﺒﻴﻛﺮﺗ زا ﺪﻨﭼ ﻪﺷﻮﺧ ﻚـﻳ
ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﻪﺑ رﻮﻃ ﻲﻓدﺎﺼﺗ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا و بآ يﺮﻴﮔ و فﺎﺻ
،ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﺲﭙـﺳ ناﺰـﻴﻣ
داﻮﻣ ﺪﻣﺎﺟ لﻮﻠﺤﻣ ﺮﻫ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﺎﺑ ﺮﺘﻣﻮﺘﻛاﺮﻓر ﻲﺘﺳد
هزاﺪﻧا يﺮﻴﮔ ﺪﺷ . راﺪـﻘﻣ
داﻮﻣ ﺪﻣﺎﺟ لﻮﻠﺤﻣ ﻲﻨﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ زا ﺖﺋاﺮﻗ يﺎﻫ مﺎﺠﻧا هﺪﺷ رد هد ﻪﺗﻮﺑ زا ﺮﻫ
ود شور يرﺎﻴﺑآ ﺖﺳا . ياﺮﺑ هزاﺪﻧا يﺮﻴﮔ لﻮﻃ
،ﻪـﺷﻮﺧ لﻮـﻃ و ضﺮـﻋ
ﻪﺒﺣ زا ﺲﻴﻟﻮﻛ ﻲﻟﺎﺘﻴﺠﻳد ﺎﺑ ﺖـﻗد 01 / 0 هدﺎﻔﺘـﺳا ﺪـﺷ . ﻪـﻳﺰﺠﺗ يرﺎـﻣآ
هداد ﺎﻫ ﺎﺑ مﺮﻧ راﺰﻓا
StatGraphics plus
و زا نﻮﻣزآ ﻦـﻜﻧاد رد ﺢﻄـﺳ
لﺎﻤﺘﺣا
٪ 5 ياﺮﺑ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﺎﻫ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺪﺷ .
هزاﺪﻧا بآ فﺮﺼﻣ ﻲﻳارﺎﻛ يﺮﻴﮔ
ياﺮﺑ هزاﺪﻧا يﺮﻴﮔ ﻲﻳارﺎﻛ فﺮﺼﻣ بآ هوﻼـﻋ ﺮـﺑ دﺮـﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺪـﺣاورد
،ﺢﻄﺳ راﺪﻘﻣ بآ ﻲﻓﺮﺼﻣ ﺰﻴﻧ درﻮﻣ زﺎﻴﻧ ﺖﺳا . ياﺮﺑ هزاﺪﻧا يﺮﻴﮔ فﺮـﺼﻣ
بآ رد شور يرﺎﻴﺑآ ﻲﺤﻄﺳ و ﺮﻳز ﻲﺤﻄﺳ زا رﻮﺘﻨﻛ ﻢـﺠﺣ ﺞﻨـﺳ ﺮـﻔﺑآ
لﺪﻣ ﺎﺑ
DMﺖﻗد 1 ﺮﺘﻴﻟ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺪﺷ . ياﺮﺑ هزاﺪـﻧا يﺮـﻴﮔ دﺮـﻜﻠﻤﻋ رد ﺪﺣاو
،ﺢﻄﺳ 10 ﻪﺗﻮﺑ رﻮﮕﻧا زا ﺮﻫ ود شور بﺎﺨﺘﻧا و دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻪﺗﻮﺑﺮﻫ ﻪﺑ
مﺮﮔﻮﻠﻴﻛ ﺖﺋاﺮﻗ ﺪﺷ و راﺪﻘﻣ نآ ﻪﺑ ﺪﺣاو ﺢﻄﺳ ﻢﻴﻤﻌﺗ هاد ﺪﺷ .
مرﻮﺗ ﺪﺻرد يﺮﻴﮔ هزاﺪﻧا گﺮﺑ ﻞﻴﻓوﺮﻠﻛ و
ياﺮﺑ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﺪﺻرد مرﻮﺗ
،گﺮﺑ داﺪﻌﺗ 10 گﺮﺑ زا ﻪـﺗﻮﺑ يﺎـﻫ رﻮـﮕﻧا
ﻦﺴﻤﻫ و نﺎﺴﻜﻳ زا ﺮﻫ ود شور يرﺎﻴﺑآ ) هﺮـﻄﻗ يا و ﻲﻟﺎﻔـﺳ ( ﺲـﭘ زا
ﻦﻳزﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ تﺪﻣ 2 ﺖﻋﺎﺳ رد بآ ﺮﻄﻘﻣ ﻪـﻃﻮﻏ رو ﺪﻧﺪـﺷ . ﺎـﺑ هدﺎﻔﺘـﺳا زا
ﻪﻟدﺎﻌﻣ ﺮﻳز ﺪﺻرد مرﻮﺗ و دﻮﺒﻤﻛ ﻲﺒﺴﻧ بآ رد گﺮـﺑ رﻮـﮕﻧا رد ود شور
يرﺎﻴﺑآ هزاﺪﻧا يﺮﻴﮔ ﺪﺷ ) 23 :(
) 1 (
1003 2
1
2
W W
W Y W
) 2 (
Z YW or W
W
Y W
100 100
3 2
3
1
ﻪﻛ رد نآ مﺮﺟ
W1گﺮﺑ رد ﻂﻳاﺮﺷ ﻪﻋرﺰﻣ
، مﺮﺟ
W2گﺮﺑ رد ﻂﻳاﺮﺷ
،سﺎــﻣآ مﺮــﺟ
W3گﺮــﺑ رد ﻂﻳاﺮــﺷ نوآ ﻚــﺸﺧ ) يﺎــﻣد 80 ﻪــﺟرد
ﻲﺘﻧﺎﺳ داﺮﮔ ﻪﺑ تﺪﻣ 48 ﺖﻋﺎﺳ ( ﻲﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ .
ياﺮﺑ هزاﺪﻧا يﺮﻴﮔ ﻞﻴﻓوﺮﻠﻛ داﺪﻌﺗ 6 گﺮﺑ زا ﺮﻫ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ رﻮﮕﻧا زا ﺮﻫ ود
شور يرﺎﻴﺑآ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا و رد ﺖـﻛﺎﭘ يﺬـﻏﺎﻛ ﻪـﺑ هﺎﮕـﺸﻳﺎﻣزآ لﺎـﻘﺘﻧا
هداد
ﺪﻧﺪﺷ و رد هﺎﮕﺸﻳﺎﻣزآ ﻪﺑ
شور نﻮﻧرآ ) 25 ( هزاﺪﻧا يﺮﻴﮔ ﺪﺷ .
ﻒﻟا (A) ب (B)
ﺚﺤﺑ و ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ
ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎــﻴﻣ ﺖــﺑﻮﻃر
ﻲﺒــﺴﻧ گﺮــﺑ يﺎــﻫ رﻮــﮕﻧا رد شور يرﺎــﻴﺑآ
ﻲﺤﻄﺳﺮﻳز و
ﻲﺤﻄﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ 61 / 78 و 19 / 76 ﺪﺻرد ﻪﺑ ﺖـﺳد ﺪـﻣآ
ﺎﻣا ﻦﻳا فﻼﺘﺧا رد ﺢﻄﺳ لﺎﻤﺘﺣا 5 ﺪﺻرد ﻲﻨﻌﻣ راد دﻮﺒﻧ و نﺎﺸﻧ ةﺪـﻨﻫد
نآ ﺖﺳا ﻪﻛ ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﻲﺒﺴﻧ ﺖﺤﺗ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ شور يرﺎﻴﺑآ ﺖﺴﻴﻧ . اﺬﻟ ﻲﻣ ناﻮﺗ
رﺎﻈﺘﻧا ﺖﺷاد ﻪﻛ ﺖﻴﻤﻛ و ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ هﻮـﻴﻣ يﺎـﻫ رﻮـﮕﻧا ﺪـﻳﺎﺒﻧ رد ود شور
يرﺎﻴﺑآ ﻲﻓﻼﺘﺧا ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻢﻫ ﻪﺘﺷاد ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ . ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ لﻮﻃ و نزو
ﻪﺷﻮﺧ رﻮﮕﻧا رد ود شور يرﺎﻴﺑآ نﺎﺸﻧ داد ﻪﻛ نزو و لﻮـﻃ ﻪـﺷﻮﺧ رد
يرﺎﻴﺑآ لﻮﺴﭙﻛ ﻲﺳر ﻞﺨﻠﺨﺘﻣ ﺮﻳز ﻲﺤﻄﺳ رد ﺢﻄﺳ لﺎـﻤﺘﺣا 5 ﺪـﺻرد
فﻼﺘﺧا يرﺎﻣآ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ يراد ﺎﺑ شور يرﺎﻴﺑآ هﺮﻄﻗ يا ﻲﺤﻄﺳ ﺖﺷاﺪﻧ .
ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ يرﺎﻣآ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ داﻮﻣ ﺪﻣﺎﺟ لﻮﻠﺤﻣ ) يﺪﻨﻗ ( هﻮـﻴﻣ رد ﺢﻄـﺳ
لﺎﻤﺘﺣا 5 ﺪﺻرد نﺎﺸﻧ داد ﻪﻛ شور يرﺎﻴﺑآ يﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﺮﺑ ناﺰﻴﻣ داﻮﻣ ﺪﻣﺎﺟ
لﻮﻠﺤﻣ هﻮﻴﻣ يﺎﻫ هﺪﻴﺳر دراﺪﻧ . ﻢﻫ ﻦﻴﻨﭼ هزاﺪﻧا يﺮﻴﮔ ﺮﻳدﺎـﻘﻣ ﻞـﻴﻓوﺮﻠﻛ
ﻲﮔﺮﺑ رد ود شور يرﺎﻴﺑآ نﺎﺸﻧ داد ﻪﻛ راﺪﻘﻣ ﻞﻴﻓوﺮﻠﻛ ﻲﮔﺮﺑ ﺰﻴﻧ ﺖـﺤﺗ
ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ شور يرﺎﻴﺑآ راﺮﻗ دراﺪﻧ . ﺪﻳﺎﺷ ﺖﻠﻋ نآ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ رد ﻦـﻳا
،ﻖـﻴﻘﺤﺗ
نﺎﻫﺎﻴﮔ رد ﺮﻫ ود شور ﺖﺤﺗ ﺶﻨﺗ يرﺎﻴﺑآ راﺮﻗ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮕﻧ ﺪﻧا و ﻪـﺗﻮﺑ يﺎـﻫ
رﻮﮕﻧا ﺎﺑ 100 ﺪﺻرد زﺎﻴﻧ ﻲﺑآ دﻮﺧ يرﺎﻴﺑآ هﺪﺷ ﺪﻧا . رد
،عﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﻲﻣ ناﻮـﺗ
ﻦﻴﻨﭼ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﻪﻛ ﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ يﺎﻫ راﺪﻘﻣ ﻞﻴﻓوﺮﻠﻛ ﻲﮔﺮﺑ و داﻮـﻣ ﺪـﻣﺎﺟ
لﻮــﻠﺤﻣ هﻮــﻴﻣ رﻮــﮕﻧا هﺪﻴــﺳر زا ﺖــﻴﻠﺑﺎﻗ ﻲﮔﺪــﻨﻫدﺰﻳﺎﻤﺗ ﺐــﺳﺎﻨﻣ
ﻦﻴــﺑ
شور يﺎﻫ يرﺎﻴﺑآ رادرﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﻲﻤﻧ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ . ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻦﻳا ﺶـﺨﺑ زا ﻖـﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺎـﺑ
ﺖﺳد دروآ يﺎﻫ ﻲﻌﻴﺑر و نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ ) 9 ( ﺖﻘﺑﺎﻄﻣ دراد . نآ ﺎﻫ نﺎـﺸﻧ ﺪـﻧداد
ﻪﻛ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﻞﻛ داﻮﻣ ﺪﻣﺎﺟ لﻮﻠﺤﻣ هﻮﻴﻣ ﺎﺗ ﻞﺒﻗ زا نﺪﻴﺳر هﻮـﻴﻣ ﺎـﺑ رﺬـﮔ
نﺎﻣز ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻲﻣ ﺪﻨﻛ ﺎﻣا ﺪﻌﺑ زا نﺪﻴﺳر هﻮـﻴﻣ رﺎـﻤﻴﺗ ﻲﺘﺑﻮـﻃر ناﺪـﻨﭼ ﺮـﺑ
ﺖﻈﻠﻏ نآ ﺮﺛﻮﻣ ﺖﺴﻴﻧ . ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ
دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ لﻮﺼﺤﻣ رد ود شور يرﺎﻴﺑآ نﺎﺸﻧ داد ﻪـﻛ شور
يرﺎﻴﺑآ ﺎﺑ لﻮﺴﭙﻛ يﺎﻫ ﻲﺳر ﻞﺨﻠﺨﺘﻣ ﻲﺤﻄﺳﺮﻳز ﺎﺑ
دﻮﺟو ﻪﻓﺮﺻ ﻲﻳﻮـﺟ
رد راﺪﻘﻣ بآ ﻲﻓﺮﺼﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻲـﻨﻌﻣ راد رد ﺢﻄـﺳ لﺎـﻤﺘﺣا 5
ﺪﺻرد ﻪﺟاﻮﻣ هﺪﺸﻧ ﺖﺳا ) لوﺪﺟ 3 .(
ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻦﻳا ﻖـﻴﻘﺤﺗ نﺎـﺸﻧ داد ﻪـﻛ
راﺪﻘﻣ بآ ﻲﻓﺮﺼﻣ ياﺮﺑ غﺎﺑ رﻮﮕﻧا ﻪﺑ شور ﻲﺤﻄـﺳﺮﻳز 26
/ 39 ﺪـﺻرد
ﻢــﻛ ﺮــﺗ زا شور يرﺎــﻴﺑآ هﺮــﻄﻗ يا ﺖــﺳا . ﻪــﺗﻮﺑ يﺎــﻫ رﻮــﮕﻧا ﻪــﺑ شور
ﻲﺤﻄﺳﺮﻳز ﺖﺒﺴﻧ
ﻪﺑ شور هﺮﻄﻗ يا ﻲﺤﻄـﺳ نوﺪـﺑ نآ ﻪـﻛ دﺮـﻜﻠﻤﻋ
نآ ﺎﻫ توﺎﻔﺗ ﻲﺸﺣﺎﻓ نﺎﺸﻧ ﺪﻫد ﻪﺑ ناﺰﻴﻣ ﻲﺒﻳﺮﻘﺗ 6 / 1 ﺮﺘﻣ ﺐﻌﻜﻣ ﻢﻛ ﺮﺗ
يرﺎﻴﺑآ هﺪﺷ ﺪﻧا .
ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ لوﺪﺟ 3 نﺎﺸﻧ ﻲﻣ ﺪﻫد ﻲﻳارﺎﻛ فﺮﺼﻣ بآ رد شور لﻮﺴﭙﻛ
ﻲﺳر ﻞﺨﻠﺨﺘﻣ ﻲﺤﻄﺳﺮﻳز و
شور يرﺎﻴﺑآ هﺮﻄﻗ يا ﻲﺤﻄﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺐـﻴﺗﺮﺗ
ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ 50 / 3 و 22 / 2 مﺮﮔﻮﻠﻴﻛ ﺮﺑ ﺐﻌﻜﻣﺮﺘﻣ ﺖـﺳا . ﻦـﻳا ﺮـﻣا ﺖـﻳﺎﻜﺣ زا
ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ لﻮﺒﻗ راﺪﻘﻣ بآ ﻲﻓﺮﺼﻣ ﻪﺑ شور لﻮﺴﭙﻛ ﻲﺳر ﻞـﺨﻠﺨﺘﻣ
ﻲﺤﻄﺳﺮﻳز ﺖﺒﺴﻧ
ﻪﺑ هﺮﻄﻗ يا ﻲﺤﻄﺳ دراد . ﺎﻣا ﻦﻳا ﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ ﻪـﺑ ﻲﻳﺎـﻬﻨﺗ
ﻲــﻤﻧ ﺪــﻧاﻮﺗ كﻼــﻣ بﺎــﺨﺘﻧا شور يرﺎــﻴﺑآ ﺪــﺷﺎﺑ و مزﻻ ﺖــﺳا ﺮــﮕﻳد
يﺎﻫﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ يدﺎﺼﺘﻗا
رد بﺎﺨﺘﻧا و مﺪﻋ بﺎـﺨﺘﻧا نآ درﻮـﻣ ﻪـﺟﻮﺗ راﺮـﻗ
دﺮﻴﮔ . ﺖﻣاﺮﻛ هداز و نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ ) 14 ( نﺎﻴﺑ ﺪﻨﺘـﺷاد ﻪـﻛ رد بﺎـﺨﺘﻧا شور
،يرﺎﻴﺑآ ﺖﻴﻤﻴﻗ هدﺎﻬﻧ بآ و هﻮﺤﻧ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا نآ ياراد ﺖﻴﻤﻫا ﺖﺳا . لﺎـﺣ
ﺮﮔا ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ هدﺎﻬﻧ يﺎﻫ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ رﻮﮕﻧا رد ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ يﺎﻫ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يرﺎﻴﺑآ
ًﺎـﺒﻳﺮﻘﺗ
ﺖﺑﺎﺛ و ﻂﻘﻓ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ هدﺎﻬﻧ بآ و
ًﺎﺒﻗﺎﻌﺘﻣ ناﺰﻴﻣ فﺮﺼﻣ بآ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺮﺑ سﺎﺳا ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻲﺑﺎﻳزرا ﻲﻳارﺎﻛ يدﺎﺼﺘﻗا جرﺪﻨﻣ رد لوﺪـﺟ 4
، 5 و
6 ﻲﻣ ناﻮﺗ ﻦﻴﻨﭼ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﻪﻛ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ يرﺎﻴﺑآ ﻲﺤﻄﺳﺮﻳز ﻲﻟﺎﻔـﺳ
زا
هﺮﻬﺑ يرو يﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻪﺑ يرﺎﻴﺑآ هﺮﻄﻗ يا ﻲﺤﻄـﺳ رادرﻮـﺧﺮﺑ ﺪـﻫاﻮﺧ
دﻮﺑ .
لوﺪﺟ 3 - ﻲﮔﮋﻳو ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ نﻮﻣزآ رد رﻮﮕﻧا هﺎﻴﮔ دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ و ﻪﺷﻮﺧ ،گﺮﺑ يﺎﻫ
T-test يرﺎﻴﺑآ شور ود رد ﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣ
Table 3- The mean comparison of leaf, grapes and yield properties in grape plant with T-Test at two method irrigation
Irrigation system گﺮﺑ
(Leaf)
رﻮﮕﻧا ﻪﺷﻮﺧ (Grapes) دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ
لﻮﺼﺤﻣ Yield Ton.ha-1) (
بﺁ فﺮﺼﻣ
Water consumption
) M3.ha-1 ( بﺁ فﺮﺼﻣ ﻲﻳارﺎآ
WUE
) Kg.M-3 (
ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﻲﺒﺴﻧ
(%) Moisture content (%)
ﻞﻴﻓوﺮﻠﻛ chlorophyl
نزو
weight
g) ( لﻮﻃ Length
cm) ( ﺪﻣﺎﺟ داﻮﻣ
لﻮﻠﺤﻣ S.L.T
(g.l-1)
هﺮﻄﻗ يا
(Driper) 76.19ns
(0.33) 0.023ns
) (0.61 31.74ns
) (0.71 16.23ns
) (0.19 9.95ns
) (0.82
14.8ns
) (0.95 6668
2.22
لﻮﺴﭙﻛ ﻲﺳر
(Clay capsule) 78.61ns
0.33) ( 0.025ns
0.61) ( 34.31ns
) (0.7 19.55
0.19) ( 8.5ns
0.82)
( 14.2ns
0.95) ( 4050
3.50
ﻲﻨﻌﻣns ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ ضﺮﻓ ندﻮﺒﻧ راد ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ي
رﺎﻣآ ﺢﻄﺳ رد ﺎﻫ ي
5 ﻲﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ ار ﺪﺻرد ﺪﻫد
.
The meaning of “ns” is not significantly different (P<0.05)
ﻞﺧاد دﺪﻋ () هﺪﻨﻫﺪﻧﺎﺸﻧ،
راﺪﻘﻣ ي P-value ﺖﺳا .
Amount of data into () is equal to p-value.
لوﺪﺟ 4 - رﻮﮕﻧا ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ دﻮﺳ )
رﺎﺘﻜﻫ ود ( يرﺎﻴﺑآ شور ود رد
Table 4- Benefit of grape production in two irrigation methods
يرﺎﻴﺑآ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ (Irrigation
system) دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ
ﻦﺗ رد
رﺎﺘﻜﻫ
Yield (ton.ha-1)
ﺮﻫ ﺖﻤﻴﻗ مﺮﮔﻮﻠﻴﻛ رﻮﮕﻧا
) لﺎﻳر (
Grape price of per Kg
(Rials)
ﺪﻣآ رد ) لﺎﻳر نﻮﻴﻠﻴﻣ (
Income (million Rials)
ﺮﻫ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ بآ ﺐﻌﻜﻣﺮﺘﻣ
) لﺎﻳر (
Water cost of per M3
بآ فﺮﺼﻣ ناﺰﻴﻣ )
ﺮﺘﻣ
ﺐﻌﻜﻣ (
(water consumption)
دﻮﺳ ) نﻮﻴﻠﻴﻣ
لﺎﻳر (
Benefit (Rials)
رﺎﺘﻜﻫ ﻚﻳ
(ha)
رﺎﺘﻜﻫ ود
(2 ha)
رﺎﺘﻜﻫ ﻚﻳ
( ha)
رﺎﺘﻜﻫ ود
(2 ha)
رﺎﺘﻜﻫ ود
(2 ha)
هﺮﻄﻗ يا (Driper) 14.8
10000 148
296 1000
6668 13336
282.6
14.2
10000 ﻲﺳر لﻮﺴﭙﻛ
(clay capsule) 142
284
1000 4050
8100 275.9
زا هﺎﮔﺪﻳد ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﻲﻳارﺎﻛ يدﺎﺼﺘﻗا ﻲﻣ ناﻮﺗ ﻦﻴﻨﭼ طﺎﺒﻨﺘﺳا دﻮﻤﻧ ﻪﻛ
شور يرﺎﻴﺑآ هﺮﻄﻗ يا ﻲﺤﻄﺳ ﺎﺑ فﻼﺗا ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﻲﺑآ هاﺮﻤﻫ ﺖﺳا و زا ﺮﻈﻧ
دﺎﺼﺘﻗا نﻼﻛ ﻦﻳا ﻢﺘـﺴﻴﺳ ﺎـﺑ ﻪـﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﺖـﺻﺮﻓ )
Opportunity Cost
(
ﻪﺟاﻮﻣ ﺖﺳا و رﻮﺸﻛ ار زا ﻪﻨﻴﻬﺑ فﺮﺼﻣ بآ موﺮﺤﻣ ﻲﻣ ﺪﻨﻛ ) 11 و 13 .(
ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ لوﺪﺟ 4 نﺎﺸﻧ ﻲﻣ ﺪﻫد ﻪﻛ رد يرﺎﻴﺑآ ود رﺎﺘﻜﻫ غﺎﺑ رﻮﮕﻧا ﻪـﺑ
شور لﻮــﺴﭙﻛ ﻲــﺳر ﻲﺤﻄــﺳﺮﻳز ﺶﻴــﺑ
زا 5 راﺰــﻫ ﺮــﺘﻣ ﺐــﻌﻜﻣ بآ
ﻪﻓﺮﺻ ﻲﻳﻮﺟ ﻲﻣ دﻮﺷ ) نﻮﺘﺳ 8 لوﺪﺟ 4 ( ﺎﻣا دﻮﺳ ﻲﺷﺎﻧ زا ﺪـﻴﻟﻮﺗ رﻮـﮕﻧا
نآ ﻢﻛ ﺮﺗ زا شور هﺮﻄﻗ يا ﻲﺤﻄﺳ رد نﺎﻤﻫ ﺪﺣاو ﺢﻄﺳ ﺖﺳا ) نﻮﺘـﺳ
10 لوﺪﺟ 4 .(
لﺎﺣ ﺮﮔا راﺪـﻘﻣ بآ ﻪﻓﺮـﺻ ﻲﻳﻮـﺟ هﺪـﺷ ﻲـﺷﺎﻧ زا شور
يرﺎﻴﺑآ ﻲﺤﻄﺳﺮﻳز )
5000 ﺐﻌﻜﻣﺮﺘﻣ (
، فﺮﺻ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ مﺪﻨﮔ ﺎﺑ دﺮـﻜﻠﻤﻋ 4 ﻦﺗ
رد ﻚﻳ رﺎﺘﻜﻫ ) 11 ( دﻮﺷ عﻮﻤﺠﻣ دﻮﺳ ﻲﺷﺎﻧ زا ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ رﻮﮕﻧا ﻪﺑ شور
ﻲﺤﻄﺳﺮﻳز و
مﺪﻨﮔ زا بآ ﻪﻓﺮﺻ ﻲﻳﻮﺟ هﺪـﺷ ﺮﺘـﺸﻴﺑ زا شور هﺮـﻄﻗ يا
ﻲﺤﻄﺳ ﺖﺳا ) نﻮﺘﺳ ﺮﺧآ لوﺪﺟ 5 .(
ﻪﺑ ترﺎﺒﻋ
،ﺮﮕﻳد دﻮـﺳ ﻦـﻳا شور
ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ 9 / 300 نﻮﻴﻠﻴﻣ لﺎﻳر ﻲﻣ ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ رد ﻲﻟﺎـﺣ ﻪـﻛ دﻮـﺳ ﻲـﺷﺎﻧ زا شور
هﺮﻄﻗ يا ﻲﺤﻄـﺳ 6 / 282 نﻮـﻴﻠﻴﻣ لﺎـﻳر ﺖـﺳا . لﺎـﺣ ﺮـﮔا راﺪـﻘﻣ بآ
ﻪﻓﺮﺻ ﻲﻳﻮﺟ هﺪﺷ ﻪﺑ شور ﻲﺤﻄﺳﺮﻳز يﺎﺠﺑ
ﺖﺸﻛ مﺪﻨﮔ فﺮﺻ ﺪـﻴﻟﻮﺗ
ﺞﻧﺮﺑ ﺎﺑ دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ 5 ﻦﺗ رد رﺎﺘﻜﻫ
،دﻮﺷ عﻮﻤﺠﻣ دﻮﺳ ﻲﺷﺎﻧ زا ﻦـﻳا شور
ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ 9 / 395 نﻮﻴﻠﻴﻣ لﺎﻳر ﻲﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ 95 نﻮﻴﻠﻴﻣ لﺎﻳر ﺶﻴﺑ ﺮﺗ زا دﻮـﺳ
ﻲﺷﺎﻧ زا دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ رﻮﮕﻧا و مﺪﻨﮔ ﻪﺑ شور ﺮﻳز ﻲﺤﻄﺳ ﺖﺳا ) عﻮﺟر دﻮـﺷ
ﻪﺑ لوﺪﺟ 5 و 6 .(
لوﺪﺟ 5 - و رﻮﮕﻧا ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ دﻮﺳ مﺪﻨﮔ'
شور رد آ ﻲﻟﺎﻔﺳ ﻲﺤﻄﺳﺮﻳز يرﺎﻴﺑ
Table 5- Benefit of grape production and wheat in sub irrigation method with clay capsule
لﻮﺼﺤﻣ (Crop) دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ رﺎﺘﻜﻫ رد ﻦﺗ) (
Yield (ton.ha-
1)
ﺮﻫ ﺖﻤﻴﻗ
مﺮﮔﻮﻠﻴﻛ رﻮﮕﻧا
) لﺎﻳر (
Grape price of per Kg
(Rials)
( ﺪﻣآ رد ) نﻮﻴﻠﻴﻣ
لﺎﻳر (
Income (million Rials)
ﺐﻌﻜﻣﺮﺘﻣ ﺮﻫ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ بآ
) لﺎﻳر (
Water cost of per M3
بآ فﺮﺼﻣ ناﺰﻴﻣ )
ﺮﺘﻣ
ﺐﻌﻜﻣ (
(water consumption)
دﻮﺳ ) لﺎﻳر نﻮﻴﻠﻴﻣ (
Benefit (Rials)
ﻚﻳ رﺎﺘﻜﻫ رﺎﺘﻜﻫ ود ﻚﻳ
رﺎﺘﻜﻫ رﺎﺘﻜﻫ ود
ﻚﻳ رﺎﺘﻜﻫ رﺎﺘﻜﻫ ود
رﻮﮕﻧا (Grape) 14.2
10000 142
284 1000
- 8100
- 275.9
4
7500 مﺪﻨﮔ
(Wheat) 30
- 1000
5000 -
25
-
ﻊﻤﺟ (Total)
13100 300.9
فﺮﺻ دازﺎﻣ بآ ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ مﺪﻨﮔ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ
.
The excess of water consummated to production of wheat
لوﺪﺟ 6 - شور رد ﺞﻧﺮﺑ و رﻮﮕﻧا ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ دﻮﺳ آ
ﻲﻟﺎﻔﺳ ﻲﺤﻄﺳﺮﻳز يرﺎﻴﺑ
Table 6- Benefit of grape production and rice in sub irrigation method with clay capsule
لﻮﺼﺤﻣ (Crop) دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ
رد ﻦﺗ) رﺎﺘﻜﻫ (
Yield (ton.ha-1)
ﺮﻫ ﺖﻤﻴﻗ رﻮﮕﻧا مﺮﮔﻮﻠﻴﻛ
) لﺎﻳر (
Grape price of per Kg (Rials)
ﺪﻣآ رد ) نﻮﻴﻠﻴﻣ
لﺎﻳر (
Income (million Rials)
ﺮﻫ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ بآ ﺐﻌﻜﻣﺮﺘﻣ
) لﺎﻳر (
Water cost of per M3
بآ فﺮﺼﻣ ناﺰﻴﻣ )
ﺮﺘﻣ
ﺐﻌﻜﻣ (
(water consumption)
دﻮﺳ ) لﺎﻳر نﻮﻴﻠﻴﻣ (
Benefit (Rials)
ﻚﻳ رﺎﺘﻜﻫ ود رﺎﺘﻜﻫ ﻚﻳ
رﺎﺘﻜﻫ رﺎﺘﻜﻫ ود
رﺎﺘﻜﻫ ﻚﻳ رﺎﺘﻜﻫ ود
رﻮﮕﻧا
(Grape) 14.2
10000 142
284 1000
- 8100
- 275.9
2.5
50000 ﺞﻧﺮﺑ
(Rice) 125
- 1000
5000 -
120
ﻊﻤﺟ (Total)
13100 395.9
ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﺞﻧﺮﺑ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ فﺮﺻ دازﺎﻣ بآ .
The excess of water consummated to production of rice
رﻮﺸﻛ ناﺮﻳا رد ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻚﺸﺧ و ﻪﻤﻴﻧ ﻚﺸﺧ راﺮﻗ دراد و ﻪـﺑ ﺖـﻠﻋ
ﺪﺷر ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ و فﺮﺼﻣ ﻲﺑ ﻪﻳور بآ ﻲـﻣ ﺪـﻧاﻮﺗ ناﺮـﺤﺑ بآ ار رد هﺪـﻨﻳآ
ﻚﻳدﺰﻧ ﺲﻤﻟ ﺪـﻳﺎﻤﻧ و اﺬـﻟ مزﻻ ﺖـﺳا ﺎـﺗ نﺎﻣﺪـﻧار شور يﺎـﻫ ﻦﻴﻣﺄـﺗ
ﺖﺑﻮﻃر درﻮﻣ زﺎﻴﻧ تﺎﻏﺎﺑ رﻮﺸﻛ ﺎﻘﺗرا ﺪﺑﺎﻳ و ﺎـﻨﺑ ﻪـﺑ ﺞﻳﺎـﺘﻧ ﻦـﻳا ﻖـﻴﻘﺤﺗ
ﻲــﺷﺮﮕﻧ ﻦﻳﻮــﻧ رد شﺮﺘــﺴﮔ شور
ﻪــﻨﻴﻬﺑ هﺪــﺷ لﻮــﺴﭙﻛ يﺎــﻫ ﻲــﺳر
ﻞﺨﻠﺨﺘﻣ ﺶﻘﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻳاﺰﺳ رد ﺶﻫﺎﻛ فﺮﺼﻣ بآ ﺪﻫاﻮﺧ ﺖﺷاد .
ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ دﺎﻬﻨﺸﻴﭘ و يﺮﻴﮔ ﻫ
ﺎ
ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻦﻳا ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ نﺎﺸﻧ داد ﻪﻛ ﺎﺑ ﻦﻴﻣﺎﺗ 100 ﺪﺻرد زﺎﻴﻧ ﻲﺑآ هﺎـﻴﮔ
،رﻮﮕﻧا ﺮﻳدﺎﻘﻣ نزو و لﻮﻃ ﻪﺷﻮﺧ
،رﻮﮕﻧا ﻢـﻫ ﻦﻴـﻨﭼ راﺪـﻘﻣ ﻞـﻴﻓوﺮﻠﻛ و
ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﻲﺒﺴﻧ گﺮﺑ ﺖﺤﺗ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ شور يﺎﻫ يرﺎﻴﺑآ هﺮـﻄﻗ يا ﻲﺠﻄـﺳ و
ﻲﺤﻄﺳﺮﻳز راﺮﻗ
ﺖـﻓﺮﮕﻧ . دﺮـﻜﻠﻤﻋ لﻮـﺼﺤﻣ رد ﺪـﺣاو ﺢﻄـﺳ يرﺎـﻴﺑآ
هﺮﻄﻗ يا ﻲﺤﻄﺳ رد ﺢﻄﺳ لﺎﻤﺘﺣا 5 ﺪﺻرد فﻼﺘﺧا يرﺎﻣآ ﻲـﻨﻌﻣ يراد
ﺎﺑ شور يرﺎﻴﺑآ لﻮﺴﭙﻛ ﻲﺳر ﻲﺤﻄﺳﺮﻳز ﺖﺷاﺪﻧ
. رد ﻲﻟﺎﺣ ﻪﻛ راﺪﻘﻣ بآ
ﻲﻓﺮﺼﻣ رد شور يرﺎﻴﺑآ
،ﻲﺤﻄﺳﺮﻳز 39
ﺪﺻرد ﻢﻛ ﺮﺗ زا شور هﺮﻄﻗ يا
ﻲﺤﻄﺳ دﻮﺑ . ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻦﻳا ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ نﺎـﺸﻧ داد ﻪـﻛ ﻲﻳارﺎـﻛ فﺮـﺼﻣ بآ رد
شور يرﺎﻴﺑآ لﻮﺴﭙﻛ يﺎﻫ ﻲﺳر ﻞﺨﻠﺨﺘﻣ ﻲﺤﻄﺳﺮﻳز ﺶﻴـﺑ
ﺮـﺗ زا شور هﺮﻄﻗ
يا ﻲﺤﻄﺳ
،دﻮﺑ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻲﻠﻛ ﻦﻳا ﻖـﻴﻘﺤﺗ نآ ﺖـﺳا ﻪـﻛ لﻮـﺴﭙﻛ
ﻲﺳر ﻞﺨﻠﺨﺘﻣ ﻲﺤﻄﺳﺮﻳز )
(
G15ﻲﻳﺎﻧاﻮﺗ ﻦﻴﻣﺎﺗ زﺎﻴﻧ ﻲﺑآ هﺎﻴﮔ رﻮﮕﻧا ار
دراد و نﻮﭼ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺐﻟﺎﻏ غﺎﺑ رﻮﮕﻧا رﻮﺸﻛ ﻪﺑ شور ﻲﺘﻨﺳ هرادا و يرﺎﻴﺑآ
ﻲﻣ
،دﻮﺷ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﻦﻳا شور هوﻼﻋ ﺮﺑ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا نﺎﻣﺪﻧار
،يرﺎـﻴﺑآ تﺎﻣﺪـﻘﻣ
هﺮﻴﺧذ بآ ار ﻢﻫاﺮﻓ ﺪﻫاﻮﺧ دﺮﻛ . ﻦﻳاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ﺎـﺑ ظﺎـﺤﻟ ندﻮـﻤﻧ 39 ﺪـﺻرد
ﻪﻓﺮﺻ ﻲﻳﻮﺟ رد ناﺰﻴﻣ بآ ﻲﻓﺮﺼﻣ ﻲﻣ ناﻮﺗ رد ﺖﻳﺎﻬﻧ هدزﺎﺑ فﺮﺼﻣ بآ
ار زا ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﺮﻳز ﺖﺸﻛ ندﺮﺑ ﻦﻴـﻣز ياﺮـﺑ ﺖـﺸﻛ ﺶﻴـﺑ ﺮـﺗ و ﺎـﻳ ﺮﻳﺎـﺳ
تﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا
داد . ﻪﺑ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻲﻣ ﺪﺳر يﺮﻴﮔرﺎﻜﺑ نﺎـﻣاﻮﺗ
ﻦـﻳا شور
رد رﺎﻨﻛ شور ﻢﻛ يرﺎﻴﺑآ ياﺮﺑ ﻦﻴﻣﺄﺗ ﺖﺑﻮﻃر درﻮﻣ زﺎﻴﻧ نﺎﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﻖﻃﺎـﻨﻣ
ﻚﺸﺧ و ﻪﻤﻴﻧ ﻚﺸﺧ ﻚﻳ دﺮﺒﻫار ﻲﻠﺻا و ﻲﺳﺎﺳا ياﺮﺑ ﻪﺟاﻮﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺪﻳﺪﻬﺗ
ناﺮﺤﺑ ﻲﺑآ رﻮﺸﻛ رد هﺪﻨﻳآ ﻚﻳدﺰﻧ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ .
يراﺰﮕﺳﺎﭙﺳ
زا ﺖﻧوﺎﻌﻣ مﺮﺘﺤﻣ ﻲﺸﻫوﮋﭘ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﺖﻴﺑﺮﺗ سرﺪﻣ ﺖﺑﺎﺑ رد رﺎـﻴﺘﺧا
راﺮﻗ نداد غﺎﺑ رﻮﮕﻧا و ﻢﻧﺎﺧ سﺪـﻨﻬﻣ ﻪﻴـﺿﺮﻣ يﺪﻴـﺷر ياﺮـﺑ ترﺎـﻈﻧ
ﻢﻴﻘﺘﺴﻣ رد يرﺎﻴﺑآ غﺎﺑ و مﺎﺠﻧا ﺶﻳﺎـﻣزآ يﺎـﻫ ﻲﻧاﺪـﻴﻣ و ﻲﻫﺎﮕـﺸﻳﺎﻣزآ
ﺮﻜﺸﺗ و ﻲﻧادرﺪﻗ ﻲﻣ دﻮﺷ .
ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ
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لﻮﺴﭙﻛ ﺎﺑ ﻲﺤﻄﺳﺮﻳز يرﺎﻴﺑآ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﻲﮔﮋﻳو ﺮﺑ ﻞﺨﻠﺨﺘﻣ ﻲﺳر يﺎﻫ
رﻮﮕﻧا هﺎﻴﮔ ﻲﻔﻴﻛ و ﻲﻤﻛ يﺎﻫ
65
Effect of Subsurface Irrigation with Porous Clay Capsules on Quantitative and Quality of Grape Plant
H. Ghorbani Vaghei1*- H.A. Bahrami2- R. Mazhari3 - A. Heshmatpour4 Received: 17-11-2013
Accepted: 17-10-2014
Introduction: Maintaining soil moisture content at about field capacity and reducing water loss in near root zone plays a key role for developing soil and water management programs. Clay pot or porous pipe is a traditional sub-irrigation method and is ideal for many farms in the world’s dry land with small and medium sized farms and gardens and is still used limitedly in dry lands of India, Iran, Pakistan, the Middle East, and Latin-America. Clay capsule is one of porous pipes in sub irrigation that is able to release water in near root zone with self- regulative capacity. Watering occurs only in amounts that the plants actually need (this amount is equal to field capacity) and released water in near root zone without electricity or use of an automatic dispenser.
Materials and Methods: A study was carried out in 2013 on the experimental field of agriculture faculty of Tarbiat Modares University, to study the effect of two irrigation types on qualitative and quantitative characters in grape production (Vitis vinifera L.). In order to provide the water requirement of grape plant were used porous clay capsules for sub irrigation with height and diameter of 12 cm and 3.5 cm and dripper with Neta film type for drip irrigation, respectively. Porous clay capsules provided from soil science group at Tarbiat Modares University. In this research, the volume of water delivered to grape plants during entire growth period in two different irrigation methods was measured separately with water-meters installed at all laterals. The water consumption, yield production and water use efficiency were evaluated and compared in two drip and porous clay irrigation systems at veraison phonological stages. In the veraison stages, cluster weight, cluster length, solid solution and pH content were measured in grape fruits. Leaf chlorophyll content and leaf water content were also measured in two irrigation systems.
Results and Discussion: The results of fruit quality characteristics showed that cluster weight, cluster length, solid solution and pH content has not significant different at 5% level in two system irrigation. Also, the foliar analysis showed that chlorophyll content and relative humidity of leaf has not been affected in two irrigation systems. Meanwhile, irrigation types were significantly effect on water consumption and water use efficiency.
The average water consumption and yield production with buried clay capsules and drip irrigation methods on grapevine plant were 4050 and 6668 M3.ha-1 and 14.2 and 14.8 Ton.ha-1 respectively. The reducing water consumption with buried clay capsules irrigation method in related to drip irrigation was 39% on grapevine plants. Meanwhile, the average yield production with buried clay capsules and drip irrigation methods on grapevine plant was 14.2 and 14.8 Ton.ha-1 respectively. Also, the statistics analysis show that the yield and component yield have not significant different at 5% level in the surface and subsurface irrigation. According to the water consumption and yield production, using buried porous clay capsules created a better water use efficiency than drip irrigation method. In other words, Iran has been localized at arid and semi arid and have huge water consumption in agriculture, and therefore it is necessary to optimize water consumption especially in agriculture using new technology. According to the results of this research, using buried porous clay capsules is recommended in order to optimize water consumption for grape plants in different place in arid and semi-arid regions of Iran.
Conclusion: The purpose of an efficient irrigation system is to apply the water in such a way that the largest fraction thereof is available for beneficial use by the plant. According to the experimental results reported here, it could be concluded that the reducing water consumption with buried clay capsules irrigation method in related to drip irrigation was 39% on grapevine plants. Meanwhile, the average yield production with buried clay capsules and drip irrigation methods on grapevine plant was 14.2 and 14.8 Ton.ha-1 respectively. Also, the statistics analysis show that the yield and component yield have not significant different at 5% level in the surface and subsurface irrigation. The final result, it could be concluded that the porous clay capsules have a good ability to
1 - Assistant Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, Gonbad University, Gonbad Kavous, Iran (*- Corresponding Author Email: [email protected])
2 - Associate Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran 3, 4- Assistant Professors, Faculty of Agriculture, Gonbad University, Gonbad Kavous, Iran
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، هرﺎﻤﺷ 1 ، ﻦﻳدروﺮﻓ ﺖﺸﻬﺒﻳدرا–
1394
، ص . 66 - Vol. 29, No. 1, Mar.-Apr. 2015, p. 58-66 58
providing water requirement of grape plant. The grape irrigation in huge area of Iran is doing with a traditional method and the authors of this work believe that porous clay capsules have a high water saving potential and good capability for irrigation of various types of crops.
Keywords: Grape plant, Porous pipe, Soil moisture, Water use efficiency, Yield
