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سﺎﻨﺷرﺎﮐ 1(

آ ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ ﺪﺷرا مﻮﻠﻋ تﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﺰﮐﺮﻣ ،ﯽﺷزﻮﻣ

؛يرﺎﺘﻓر ناﺮﯾا ،نﺎﻬﻔﺻا ،نﺎﻬﻔﺻا ﯽﮑﺷﺰﭘ مﻮﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد

).

2

مﻮﻠﻋ تﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﺰﮐﺮﻣ رﺎﯿﺸﻧاد ،ﮏﺷﺰﭙﻧاور (

هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،يرﺎﺘﻓر

مﻮــﻠﻋ :رﺎــﮕﻧرود ،يرﺎــﺘﻓر مﻮــﻠﻋ تﺎــﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﺰــﮐﺮﻣ ،يراﺪﻧﺎﺘــﺳا نﺎــﺑﺎﯿﺧ ،نﺎﻬﻔــﺻا ﯽﮑــﺷﺰﭘ 2222135

- 0311 (لﻮﺌــﺴﻣ هﺪﻨــﺴﯾﻮﻧ) E-mail:[email protected]

؛

)

مﻮﻠﻋ تﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﺰﮐﺮﻣ دﺎﺘﺳا ،ﮏﺷﺰﭙﻧاور 3(

ﻓر مﻮﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،يرﺎﺘ

،نﺎﻬﻔﺻا ﯽﮑﺷﺰﭘ .ناﺮﯾا ،نﺎﻬﻔﺻا

مﻮﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﯽﮑﺷﺰﭙﻧاور نارﺎﯿﺘﺳد زا ﯽﺷزﻮﻣآ ﯽﺠﻨﺳزﺎﯿﻧ

نﺎﻬﻔﺻا ﯽﮑﺷﺰﭘ

ﯽﻔﯿﮐ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﮏﯾ :ﯽﺸﮐدﻮﺧ هرﺎﺑرد

ﺎﯾﺎﻋﺮﻟا ﻦﯿﻣا ﻦﯿﻬﻣ

) 1

،(

ﺮﺘﮐد ﻦﯿﺘﮐﺮﺑ ﺪﯿﺠﻣ

) 2

،(

ﺮﺘﮐد يرﺎﻄﻋ سﺎﺒﻋ

) 3

(

هﺪﯿﮑﭼ

فﺪﻫ : ﺖﯾﻮﻟاوﺎﻫزﺎﯿﻧﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗفﺪﻫﺎﺑﺮﺿﺎﺣﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻧﻪﺑ،ﯽﺸﮐدﻮﺧعﻮﺿﻮﻣﻪﺑطﻮﺑﺮﻣيﺎﻫ

هﺎﮕـﺸﻧادﯽﮑـﺷﺰﭙﻧاورنارﺎﯿﺘﺳدزاﯽﺷزﻮﻣآﯽﺠﻨﺳزﺎﯿ

.ﺖﺧادﺮﭘنﺎﻬﻔﺻاﯽﮑﺷﺰﭘمﻮﻠﻋ شور

: ﻪـﻧﻮﻤﻧشورﺎـﺑ،ﺮﺿﺎﺣﯽﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷراﺪﯾﺪﭘوﯽﻔﯿﮐﺶﻫوﮋﭘرد ،فﺪـﻫﺮـﺑﯽـﻨﺘﺒﻣيﺮـﯿﮔ

16 نارﺎﯿﺘـﺳدزاﺮـﻔﻧ

مﻮﻠﻋهﺎﮕﺸﻧادﯽﮑﺷﺰﭙﻧاور هداد .ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔراﺮﻗﯽﺳرﺮﺑدرﻮﻣنﺎﻬﻔﺻاﯽﮑﺷﺰﭘ

نوﺪـﺑﻪﺒﺣﺎـﺼﻣﺎـﺑﺎﻫ ـﺤﺑورﺎﺘﺧﺎـﺳ

شورﻪـﺑويروآدﺮـﮔﯽـﻫوﺮﮔﺚ

ﺖﻔﻫ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ .ﺪـﺷﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗوﻪﯾﺰﺠﺗيﺰﯾﻼﮐيا ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾ

ﺎﻫ : ﻪـﺘﻓﺎﯾ ﻪـﺑيﺎـﻫ ردﻪﺒﺣﺎـﺼﻣزاهﺪـﻣآﺖـﺳد

ردوﺪـﮐ1015 ﺎـﺑﯽﻠـﺻاﻪﺘـﺳدﻪـﺳردﺖـﯾﺎﻬﻧ

ناﻮﻨﻋ

»يﺎﻫ شزﻮﻣآﻪﻄﯿﺣردزﺎﯿﻧ

،«

» تﺎـﻧﺎﮑﻣاوﺎﻫﺪـﻨﯾآﺮﻓﻪـﻄﯿﺣردزﺎـﯿﻧ و «

» ﯽﻧﺎـﺴﻧاﻊﺑﺎـﻨﻣﻪـﻄﯿﺣردزﺎـﯿﻧ «

ا .ﺪـﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔراﺮـﻗ ﻢـﻬﻣز

يﺎـﻫزﺎﯿﻧﻦﯾﺮـﺗ

ﯽﻧدﻮﻣزآ ﯽﻣﺎﻫ ترﺎﻬﻣشزﻮﻣآوﯽﺸﮐدﻮﺧﻪﺑطﻮﺑﺮﻣﯽﺘﺧﺎﻨﺸﻧاورﺚﺣﺎﺒﻣ،ﯽﺸﮐدﻮﺧﻞﻠﻋﺖﺧﺎﻨﺷهرﺎﺑردشزﻮﻣآﻪﺑزﺎﯿﻧﻪﺑناﻮﺗ ردﯽـﻠﻤﻋيﺎـﻫ

دﺮـﮐهرﺎﺷاﯽﺸﮐدﻮﺧﺎﺑدرﻮﺧﺮﺑ .

ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧ يﺮـﯿﮔ :

ﺎـﺑطﺎـﺒﺗراردﯽﮑـﺷﺰﭙﻧاورنارﺎﯿﺘـﺳدﯽـﺷزﻮﻣآيﺎـﻫزﺎﯿﻧهﺪـﻧروآﺮﺑ،دﻮـﺟﻮﻣﯽـﺷزﻮﻣآﻪـﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ

ﺖﯿﻌﻗاو ﯽﻣسﺎﺴﺣاﻪﻨﯿﻣزﻦﯾاردﯽﺷزﻮﻣآﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑيﺮﮕﻧزﺎﺑموﺰﻟﻦﯾاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ .ﺖﺴﯿﻧﯽﺸﮐدﻮﺧهﺮﻣزوريﺎﻫ

.دﻮﺷ

هژاوﺪﯿﻠﮐ : ﯽﺸﮐدﻮﺧ ؛ﯽﮑﺷﺰﭙﻧاور رﺎﯿﺘﺳد ؛ﯽﺠﻨﺳزﺎﯿﻧ

:ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﺖﻓﺎﯾرد] 24

/6 / 1389 :ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ شﺮﯾﺬﭘ ؛ 19

/2 / 1390 [

ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ ﻪﯾﺎﻣﺮـﺳ ﻪـﺑ ﯽﺑﺎﯿﺘـﺳد ياﺮـﺑ ،ﯽﻧﺎـﺴﻧا ﻊﺑﺎـﻨﻣ شزﻮـﻣآ هزوﺮﻣا

ــﺴﻧا ﯽﺘﺑﺎــﻗر ﺖــﯾﺰﻣ ود ،تاﺮــﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﺎــﺑ ﺖــﺒﺜﻣ يرﺎﮔزﺎــﺳ و ،ﯽﻧﺎ

نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ ﯽﻣ رﺎﻤﺷ ﺪﻨﯾآ سﺎﺒﻋ) كﺮـﺗ و نﺎﮔداز ،هداز

2000 ( .

ﯽــﺳﺎﺳا ﻪــﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ياﺮــﺑ مﺪــﻗ ﻦﯾﺮــﺗ و ﯽﯾﺎــﺳﺎﻨﺷ ،ﯽــﺷزﻮﻣآ يﺰــﯾر

ﺖﯾﻮﻟوا ﯽﺠﻨـﺳزﺎﯿﻧ ﺮـﮕﯾد نﺎـﯿﺑ ﻪـﺑ و ،ﯽـﺷزﻮﻣآ يﺎـﻫزﺎﯿﻧ يﺪﻨﺑ

ﻪــﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ،ﺪــﺷﺎﺑ ﺖــﯿﻌﻗاو ﺮــﺑ ﯽــﻨﺘﺒﻣ ﯽﺠﻨــﺳزﺎﯿﻧ ﺮــﮔا .ﺖــﺳا ﺎــﻫ

ي

ﯽﻣ اﺮﺟا و ﻢﯿﻈﻨﺗ ﺎﻫزﺎﯿﻧ ﻦﯾا يﺎﻨﺒﻣ ﺮﺑ ﻪﮐ ﻢﻫ ﯽﺷزﻮﻣآ ﺎـﺑ ،ﺪﻧﻮـﺷ

ﺪﻨﻫاﻮﺧ ﺮﺛﺆﻣ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ تﻼﮑﺸﻣ ﻊﻓر رد ،هدﻮﺑ ﮓﻨﻫﺎﻤﻫ ﺖﯿﻌﻗاو ﻦﯿــﻣا) دﻮــﺑ نﺎــﺴﺣا ،نﺎﯾﺪــﻤﺤﻣرﺎﯾ ،ﺎــﯾﺎﻋﺮﻟا

ﻦــﺴﺣ ،رﻮــﭘ و هداز

،ﯽــﻣاﺮﻬﺑ 2005

ﻪــﺑ ﯽﺠﻨــﺳزﺎﯿﻧ .(

نﺎــﯿﻣ ﻪﻠــﺻﺎﻓ ﯽﻤــﺳر رﻮــﻃ ﯽﻣ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ار بﻮﻠﻄﻣ هﺪﻨﯾآ و ﯽﻧﻮﻨﮐ يﺎﻫدروﺎﺘﺳد

ياﺮـﺑ .ﺪـﻨﮐ

ﻦـﯾا يﺎــﻀﻋا ﯽﻣﺎـﻤﺗ ﺪـﯾﺎﺑ ،ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ ﺪـﯿﻔﻣ و ﺮـﺒﺘﻌﻣ ﯽﺠﻨـﺳزﺎﯿﻧ ﻪـﮐ

،يﺮﻔﻨــﻀﻏ و يﻮــﻟد ،يرﺰــﺑا) .دﺮــﯿﮔﺮﺑرد ار ﯽــﺷزﻮﻣآ 2007

.(

ﻢﯿﻤــﺼﺗ و ﺐــﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﯽــﺷزﻮﻣآ ياﻮــﺘﺤﻣ ،فاﺪــﻫا هرﺎــﺑرد يﺮــﯿﮔ رد يدﺎـﻣ و ﯽﻧﺎـﺴﻧا دوﺪـﺤﻣ تﺎـﻧﺎﮑﻣا و ﻊﺑﺎـﻨﻣ زا ﺮﺛﺆﻣ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا

ﺮﻓ و ﯽـﻣاﺮﻬﺑ ،نﺎﯾﺪﻤﺤﻣرﺎﯾ) ﺖﺳا ﯽﺠﻨﺳزﺎﯿﻧ هزﻮﺣ ﯽـﻏو

،يﺮـﺑا

2003 حﺮﻃ ﻦﯾوﺪﺗ ﻪﻟﺄﺴﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺎﺠﮐ ﺮﻫ و ( ﯽـﺷزﻮﻣآ ﺮﯿﺑاﺪـﺗ و ﺎـﻫ

ﯽﻣ دﺎﯾ دﺎﯾز ﯽﺠﻨﺳزﺎﯿﻧ زا ،ﺪﺷﺎﺑ حﺮﻄﻣ .دﻮﺷ

ﺢﻄـﺳ دﻮـﺒﻬﺑ ياﺮـﺑ ﺎـﻬﻧآ ﻖـﯿﻗد ﺶﺠﻨـﺳ و ﺎـﻫزﺎﯿﻧ ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ يروﺮـﺿ يﺮﻣا ﯽﺘﺷاﺪﻬﺑ و ﯽﮑﺷﺰﭘ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ و شزﻮﻣآ ﺖﯿﻔﯿﮐ

هار ﺮﻫ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا زا ﺶﯿﭘ ،ﺎﻫزﺎﯿﻧ ﺺﯿﺨﺸﺗ .ﺖﺳا ﯽﻣ ﯽﻠﺣ

ﺮـﺑ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ

Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Vol. 18, No. 2, Summer 2012, 108-114

،ناﺮﯾا ﯽﻨﯿﻟﺎﺑ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧاور و ﯽﮑﺷﺰﭙﻧاور ﻪﻠﺠﻣ لﺎﺳ

ﻢﻫﺪﺠﻫ هرﺎﻤﺷ ، 2 ، ﺎﺘﺴﺑﺎﺗ ن 1391 ، 114 - 108

ﯽﺸﻫوﮋﭘ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﻞﯿﺻا

Original Article

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ﻦﯿﻣا ﻦﯿﻬﻣ ﺎﯾﺎﻋﺮﻟا نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و

109

لﺎﺳﻢﻫﺪﺠﻫرﺎﻤﺷ /ه 2 / نﺎﺘﺴﺑﺎﺗ1391 Vol. 18 / No. 2 / Summer 2012

ﻣ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﯽﺸﺨﺑﺮﺛا و ﯽﯾآرﺎﮐ ناﺰﯿ ﺎـﻫزﺎﯿﻧ ﻦﯿـﯿﻌﺗ ﺲـﭘ .ﺪـﯾاﺰﻔﯿﺑ ﺎﻫ

ﻪــﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺪــﻨﯾآﺮﻓ زا ﯽــﺋﺰﺟ ﻪــﺘﻓﺎﯾ و ﺖــﺳا يدﺮــﺒﻫار يﺰــﯾر

يﺎــﻫ

ﻪﺑ ﺖﺳد ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ،نآ زا هﺪﻣآ

ﯽـﻣ ﻞـﻣﺎﮐ ار يﺰـﯾر

ﻦﻤﻓﺎـﮐ) ﺪـﻨﮐ ،1

1994 .(

و ﯽﺸﮐدﻮﺧ نﺎﻬﺟ رد ﺮﻔﻧ نﻮﯿﻠﯿﻣ ﮏﯾ ﻪﻧﻻﺎﺳ 20

ﺮـﻔﻧ نﻮﯿﻠﯿﻣ

ﯽﻣ ﯽﺸﮐدﻮﺧ ﻪﺑ ماﺪﻗا ﺪﻨﻨﮐ

گاﺮﮐ) اد ،2 3گﺮﺒﻟ ﯽـﺳﺮﻣ ، وز ،4

و5

ﻮــﻧازﻮﻟ ،6

2002 ( ﯽــﺸﮐدﻮﺧ ﺮــﮑﻔﺗ و ﯽــﺸﮐدﻮﺧ . رد ﺮﺘــﺸﯿﺑ اﺮــﮔ

ﻪـﺑ ،ﺖـﺳا هﺪـﺷ هﺪـﯾد نﺎﻧاﻮﺟ و نﺎﻧاﻮﺟﻮﻧ يرﻮـﻃ

ﯽـﺸﮐدﻮﺧ ﻪـﮐ

ﯽﻨــﺳ هوﺮــﮔ رد گﺮــﻣ ﺖــﻠﻋ ﻦﯿﻣﻮــﺳ 30

- 21 زا ﺲــﭘ ،لﺎــﺳ

يرﺎﻤﯿﺑ مدآ و ثداﻮﺣ و ﺎﻫ ﯽـﺸﮐدﻮﺧ .ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ شراﺰﮔ ﯽﺸﮐ

ﻦﯿﯾﺎﭘ ﯽﺑﺮﻏ يﺎﻫرﻮﺸﮐ زا ناﺮﯾا رد

ﻻﺎـﺑ ﯽـﻟو ،ﺮﺗ يﺎﻫرﻮـﺸﮐ زا ﺮﺗ

،ﯽﻣدﺎﺧ و يداﺮﻣ) ﺖﺳا ﻪﻧﺎﯿﻣروﺎﺧ 2009

ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ .(

ﻪـﻫد ود يﺎـﻫ

ﺶﯿـﺑ نﺎـﻧز و نﺎﻧاﻮﺟ رد ﯽﺸﮐدﻮﺧ ﻪﺑ ماﺪﻗا ﺖﺳا هداد نﺎﺸﻧ ﺮﯿﺧا هوﺮـﮔ ﺮﯾﺎﺳ زا

فﻼﺘـﺧا ﺪـﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﯽﻠﯾﺎـﺴﻣ و ﺖـﺳﺎﻫ ،ﯽﯾﻮـﺷﺎﻧز يﺎـﻫ

لﻼﺘﺧا ،نﺎﮕﺘﺴﺑ ﺎﺑ يﺮﯿﮔرد ﯽﺑ و ﯽﻧاور يﺎﻫ

ﻞـﯿﻟد زا يرﺎـﮐ يﺎـﻫ

ـﺳا ﯽﺸﮐدﻮﺧ ﻪﺑ ماﺪﻗا ﻢﻬﻣ

ﯽﻔﯾﺮـﺷ و ﯽﻧﺎـﺑﺮﻘﻧﺎﺟ) ﺖ ،دار

2005 .(

ﯽﻣ ﯽﺸﮐدﻮﺧ ﻪﮐ يداﺮﻓا ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﯽـﺸﮐدﻮﺧ ﻪـﺑ ماﺪـﻗا ﻪﻘﺑﺎﺳ ،ﺪﻨﻨﮐ

ﻪﺘﺷاد ﯽﻣ ﯽﺸﮐدﻮﺧ ﻪﺑ ماﺪﻗا ﻪﮐ ﯽﻧﺎﺴﮐ و ﺪﻧا ﺖـﺳا ﻦـﮑﻤﻣ ،ﺪﻨﻨﮐ

،ﯽﻨﯿﮑـﺸﻣ و ﯽﻨﯿﮑﺸﻣ) ﺪﻨﯾﺎﻤﻧ ﯽﺸﮐدﻮﺧ ﺎﻫﺪﻌﺑ 2006

ﻢـﻫ .(

ﻦﯿـﻨﭼ

ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ هداد نﺎﺸﻧ ﺎﻫ ﯽـﺸﮐدﻮﺧ ﻪـﺑ ماﺪـﻗا ﻪـﮐ ﯽﻧﺎـﺴﮐ ﺮﺘـﺸﯿﺑ ﺪـﻧا

ﯽﻣ ﺪﻨﻨﮐ يﻮﺳﻮﻣ و ﯽﺸﯾﺮﻗ) ﺪﻧراد ﯽﺼﺨﺸﻣ ﯽﻧاور ﻞﮑﺸﻣ ، ،ﺐﺴﻧ

2008 ﻪﻨﯾﺰﻫﺮﭘ رﻮﺸﮐ ﯽﻧﺎﻣرد و ﯽﺘﺷاﺪﻬﺑ ﻪﻧﺎﻣﺎﺳ ياﺮﺑ هﺪﯾﺪﭘ ﻦﯾا .(

.ﺖﺴﯿﻧ رﺎﮔزﺎﺳ ناﺮﯾا ﯽﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ و ﯽﺷزرا يﺎﻫرﺎﯿﻌﻣ ﺎﺑ ،هدﻮﺑ

ﯽــﻣ رﺎــﻈﺘﻧا ﯽﮑــﺷﺰﭙﻧاور نارﺎﯿﺘــﺳد زا ﺎــﺑ ﻪــﻄﺑار رد دور

ﺶـﻘﻧ ﯽﺸﮐدﻮﺧ ﻪﺑ ماﺪﻗا و ﯽﺸﮐدﻮﺧ

نﺎـﻣرد يﺎـﻫ مﺎـﺠﻧا) ﺮـﮔ

را ﯽﺑﺎﯾز ناور يﺎﻫ ﻪﯾارا) روﺎﺸﻣ ،(ﯽﮑﯿﻨﯿﻠﮐارﺎﭘ و ﯽﻨﯿﻟﺎﺑ ،ﯽﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ

ماﺪﻗا ﻪﺑ هروﺎﺸﻣ

هداﻮﻧﺎـﺧ و ﯽـﺸﮐدﻮﺧ ﻪﺑ نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻨﮐ ،(نﺎـﻧآ يﺎـﻫ

شزﻮﻣآ شزﻮـﻣآ ﻪﯾارا) هﺪﻨﻫد

ﺶﯿـﭘ ﻪـﺑ طﻮـﺑﺮﻣ يﺎـﻫ زا يﺮـﯿﮔ

ﯽـﺣاﺮﻃ) ﺮﮕﺸﻫوﮋﭘ و (ﯽﺸﮐدﻮﺧ ضراﻮﻋ نﺎﻣرد و ﯽﺸﮐدﻮﺧ حﺮﻃ ياﺮﺟا و ﺟ رد ار (ﯽﺸﮐدﻮﺧ درﻮﻣ رد ﯽﺸﻫوﮋﭘ يﺎﻫ

ﻪـﻌﻣﺎ

ﻢﻫ ،ﺪﻨﯾﺎﻤﻧ ﺎﻔﯾا ار ﯽـﺸﮐدﻮﺧ عﻮـﺿﻮﻣ ﻪـﺑ طﻮـﺑﺮﻣ ﺶـﻧاد ﻦﯿﻨﭼ

ﻪـــﺑ ،نﺎـــﺸﯾا هداﻮﻧﺎـــﺧ و نارﺎـــﻤﯿﺑ قﻮـــﻘﺣ زا عﺎـــﻓد ياﺮـــﺑ ﻢﯿﻤﺼﺗ

ﻪـﺘﯿﻤﮐ رد ﻒﯾﺎـﻇو ﻦـﯾا .ﺪـﻨﻫد لﺎـﻘﺘﻧا نﺎﮔﺪـﻧﺮﯿﮔ يﺎـﻫ

ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ نﻮﯿﺴﯿﻤﮐ رد ،يدﺮﺒﻫار ﻪﺘﯿﻤﮐ ﺪﯿﯾﺄﺗ زا ﺲﭘ و ﻢﯿﻈﻨﺗ يﺰﯾر

ﻪــﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ و ﻦﯾوﺪــﺗ ﻮــﺼﺗ ﻪــﺑ ،هﺪــﺷ ﯽﯾﺎــﻬﻧ ،ﯽــﺷزﻮﻣآ يﺰــﯾر

ﺐﯾ

ﯽـﺼﺼﺨﺗ و ﯽﮑـﺷﺰﭘ شزﻮـﻣآ يارﻮـﺷ ﻦﯿﻌﻣ ﯽﻤﺋاد نﻮﯿﺴﯿﻤﮐ .ﺖﺳا هﺪﯿﺳر

ﻪﺘــﺷر ﯽــﺷزﻮﻣآ ﻪــﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ رد ﯽــﺷزﻮﻣآ ياﻮــﺘﺤﻣ زا ﯽــﺸﺨﺑ ﺖﯾرﻮﻓ ،ﯽﮑﺷﺰﭙﻧاور ماﺪـﻗا ﺪـﻨﻧﺎﻣ يدراﻮﻣ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ و ﯽﮑﺷﺰﭙﻧاور يﺎﻫ

ﺖﻧﻮــﺸﺧ يﺎــﻫرﺎﺘﻓر و ﯽــﺸﮐدﻮﺧ ﻪــﺑ ﻪــﺒﻨﺟ و ﺰــﯿﻣآ

و ﯽﻧﻮﻧﺎــﻗ يﺎــﻫ

ﻪـﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ نﻮﯿـﺴﯿﻤﮐ) ﺖﺳا رﺎﻤﯿﺑ ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﯽﻗﻼﺧا ـﯾر

،يﺰ 2007 رد .(

ﻪــﺒﻨﺟ ﻪــﺑ ﯽﮑــﺷﺰﭙﻧاور نارﺎﯿﺘــﺳد ﯽــﺳرد ﻊﺑﺎــﻨﻣ نﻮﮔﺎــﻧﻮﮔ يﺎــﻫ

ﻪﻤﻫ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ) ﯽﺸﮐدﻮﺧ ﺮـﮕﯾد ﺎـﺑ طﺎـﺒﺗرا ،ﺮـﻄﺧ ﻞـﻣاﻮﻋ ،ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﺮﯿﮔ

لﻼﺘﺧا ﺐﺒﺳ ،ﯽﮑﺷﺰﭙﻧاور يﺎﻫ ـﻄﺧ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا هﻮﯿﺷ ،ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷ

ﺮ ،

ﻪــﺒﻨﺟ ،رﺎــﻤﯿﺑ ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪــﻣ هﻮﯿــﺷ ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪــﻣ و ﯽــﻗﻼﺧا و ﯽﻧﻮﻧﺎــﻗ يﺎــﻫ

ا هﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺧادﺮﭘ (رﺎﻤﯿﺑ هداﻮﻧﺎﺧ كودﺎـﺳ) ﺖﺳ

،كودﺎـﺳ و7

2007 ؛

ﺰــﯾور و كودﺎــﺳ ،كودﺎــﺳ ،8

2009 ﻪــﺘﻔﮔ زا .(

نارﺎﯿﺘــﺳد يﺎــﻫ

غرﺎﻓ زا ﺲﭘ و ﺶﯿﭘ ﯽﮑﺷﺰﭙﻧاور ﯽـﻣ سﺎﺴﺣا ﻦﯿﻨﭼ ﯽﻠﯿﺼﺤﺘﻟا

دﻮـﺷ

ﺎـﺑ ﺐـﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻪـﮐ ،نوﺪـﻣ ﯽـﺷزﻮﻣآ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ،ﯽﺸﮐدﻮﺧ ﺚﺤﺒﻣ رد ﻪﮐ ﺖﯿﻌﻗاو و ﺎﻫزﺎﯿﻧ ﻦـﮑﻤﻣ ﺮـﻣا ﻦـﯾا .دراﺪـﻧ دﻮﺟو ،ﺪﺷﺎﺑ هﺮﻣزور يﺎﻫ

دﻮﺒﻧ زا ﯽﺷﺎﻧ ﺖﺳا نارﺎﯿﺘـﺳد ﯽـﺷزﻮﻣآ يﺎـﻫزﺎﯿﻧ ﻪـﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﯽﻫﺎﮔآ

ﺎـﺑ ﺮـﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫوﮋـﭘ ﻦﯾاﺮﺑﺎـﻨﺑ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﯽﺸﮐدﻮﺧ ﻪﻨﯿﻣز رد ﯽﮑﺷﺰﭙﻧاور ا و ﺎﻫزﺎﯿﻧ ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ فﺪﻫ و

ﺖﯾﻮﻟ ،ﯽـﺸﮐدﻮﺧ عﻮـﺿﻮﻣ ﻪـﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ يﺎﻫ

هﺎﮕـــﺸﻧاد ﯽﮑـــﺷﺰﭙﻧاور نارﺎﯿﺘـــﺳد زا ﯽـــﺷزﻮﻣآ ﯽﺠﻨـــﺳزﺎﯿﻧ ﻪـــﺑ مﻮﻠﻋ .ﺖﺧادﺮﭘ نﺎﻬﻔﺻا ﯽﮑﺷﺰﭘ 1

شور

عﻮـﻧ زا ،ﺮـﺿﺎﺣ ﯽـﻔﯿﮐ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻪـﺳ

و

9ﯽـﻬﺟ ود رد و دﻮـﺑ

ﯽﺘﺧﺎﻨـﺷراﺪﯾﺪﭘ دﺮﮑﯾور ،ﺖﺴﺨﻧ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ رد ؛ﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ

10

ﯽﻫوﺮﮔ ﺚﺤﺑ ،مود ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ رد و ﻪﺑ11

ﺶﻫوﮋـﭘ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ .ﺖﻓر رﺎﮐ

مﻮـﻠﻋ هﺎﮕـﺸﻧاد ﯽﮑـﺷﺰﭙﻧاور نارﺎﯿﺘـﺳد ﯽﻣﺎـﻤﺗ ،ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﯽﮑـﺷﺰﭘ

.ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ نﺎﻬﻔﺻا ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ شور دﺮﺑرﺎﮐ ﺎﺑ

فﺪـﻫ ﺮـﺑ ﯽﻨﺘﺒﻣ يﺮﯿﮔ ،12

ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺒﺷا ﺪﺣ ﻪﺑ نﺪﯿﺳر ﺎﺗ يﺮﯿﮔ ) عﺎ

16 ياﺮـﺑ .ﺖـﻓﺎﯾ ﻪﻣادا (ﺮﻔﻧ

هداد يروآدﺮﮔ نوﺪﺑ ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ ،ﺎﻫ

ﻪﺑ رﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ زا ﺲـﭘ .ﺖـﻓر رﺎـﮐ

و يرادا رﻮـﻣا مﺎـﺠﻧا و ﺖــﯿﻫﺎﻣ درﻮـﻣ رد ﯽﻓﺎــﮐ ﺢﯿـﺿﻮﺗ ﻪــﯾارا

ﯽﻧدﻮﻣزآ ﺖﯾﺎﺿر ،ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ فاﺪﻫا ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ رد ﺖﮐﺮﺷ ياﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ

ﻪﺑ ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ .ﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳد تﺎـﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﺰـﮐﺮﻣ ﺲﻧاﺮـﻔﻨﮐ ﻦﻟﺎـﺳ رد ﺎـﻫ

مﻮﻠﻋ ﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد يرﺎﺘﻓر مﻮﻠ

زا ﺶﯿـﭘ .ﺪـﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا نﺎﻬﻔﺻا ﯽﮑﺷﺰﭘ

ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ ﻂﺒﺿ درﻮﻣ رد ،ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ عوﺮﺷ و ﺪـﺷ ﻪـﺘﻓﺮﮔ هزﺎﺟا ﺎﻫ

ﻪﻧﺎﻣﺮﺤﻣ درﻮﻣ رد ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ نﺪﻧﺎﻣ

ﯽﻧدﻮﻣزآ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ هداد نﺎـﻨﯿﻤﻃا ﺎﻫ

ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ نﺎﻣز تﺪﻣ .ﺪﺷ ﺎﻫ

50 - 20 .دﻮﺑ ﻪﻘﯿﻗد

_______________________________________

1- Kafman 2- Krug

3- Dahlberg 4- Mercy

5- Zwi 6- Lozano

7- Sadock 8- Ruiz

9- triangulation 10- phenomenological 11- focus group 12- purposive sampling

(3)

ﯽﺸﮐدﻮﺧ هرﺎﺑرد ﯽﮑﺷﺰﭙﻧاور نارﺎﯿﺘﺳد زا ﯽﺷزﻮﻣآ ﯽﺠﻨﺳزﺎﯿﻧ

110

لﺎﺳﻫﺠﻢﻫﺪرﺎﻤﺷ /ه 2 / نﺎﺘﺴﺑﺎﺗ 1391

Vol. 18 / No. 2 / Summer 2012

نوﺪﺑ ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ ﺶﺳﺮﭘ رﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ

- ﻞﯾﺪـﻌﺗ ،زﺎـﯿﻧ ﺐـﺴﺣﺮﺑ ﻪـﮐ

ﯽﻣ ﺪﺷ - :دﻮﺑ حﺮﺷ ﻦﯾا ﻪﺑ

» ﻦﯾﺮﺧآ

ماﺪـﻗا رﺎـﻤﯿﺑ ﻪﮐ رﺎﺑ ﻪـﺑ هدﺮـﮐ

ﯽﺸﮐدﻮﺧ ؟دﻮـﺑ ﯽﻧﺎـﻣز ﻪـﭼ ،ﺪـﯾدﺮﮐ ﺖـﯾﺰﯾو نﺎﺘﺳرﺎﻤﯿﺑ رد ار

يﺎــﻫزﺎﯿﻧ ﻪــﭼ .ﺪــﯿﻨﮐ ﻒــﯾﺮﻌﺗ ﺎــﻬﺘﻧا ﺎــﺗ اﺪــﺘﺑا زا ار نﺎــﺘﺗﺎﯿﺑﺮﺠﺗ

؟ﺪﯾراد ﻪﻨﯿﻣز ﻦﯾا رد ﯽﺷزﻮﻣآ «

هدﺎﯿﭘ زا ﺲﭘ ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ يزﺎﺳ

هداد ﻞـﯿﻠﺤﺗ و ﻪـﯾﺰﺠﺗ ،ﺎﻫ رد ﺎـﻫ

ﺖﻔﻫ هﻮﯿﺷ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺴﺨﻧ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ

ﯾﻼﮐ يا

1يﺰ رد .ﺪـﺷ مﺎـﺠﻧا

ﻪﺴﻠﺟ ،مود ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ نادﺎﺘـﺳا زا ﺮﻔﻧ ﮏﯾ و نارﺎﯿﺘﺳد رﻮﻀﺣ ﺎﺑ يا

ﺖﻋﺎـﺳ ود زا ﺶﯿـﺑ ﻪـﺴﻠﺟ ﻦـﯾا .ﺪﺷ ﻞﯿﮑﺸﺗ ﯽﮑﺷﺰﭙﻧاور هوﺮﮔ ﻪـﻠﺣﺮﻣ زا ﻞـﺻﺎﺣ ﯽﯾﺎـﻬﻧ يﺎﻫﺪﮐ ﯽﻣﺎﻤﺗ نآ ﯽﻃ و ﺪﯿﺸﮐ لﻮﻃ زا ﻪـﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﻦـﯾا رد .ﺪـﺷ ﻪﺘـﺷاﺬﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ لدﺎﺒﺗ و ﺚﺤﺑ ﻪﺑ ،ﺖﺴﺨﻧ ﺖﯾﻮﻟوا ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺳاﻮﺧ داﺮﻓا ﯽﺷزﻮﻣآ يﺎﻫ

ار ﯽـﺸﮐدﻮﺧ ﻪﻨﯿﻣز رد

ﻊــﻤﺟ ﺎــﺑ ،ﻪــﺴﻠﺟ ﻦــﯾا نﺎــﯾﺎﭘ رد .ﺪــﻨﯾﺎﻤﻧ نﺎــﯿﺑ ،ﺎــﻫﺮﻈﻧ يﺪــﻨﺑ

ﺖﯾﻮﻟوا .ﺪﺷ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﯽﺷزﻮﻣآ يﺎﻫ

ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾ ﺎﻫ ﻞــﮐ رد يﺰــﯾﻼﮐ مﻮــﺳ ﻪــﻠﺣﺮﻣ زا 1015

ﯽﻣﻮــﻬﻔﻣ ﺪــﮐ

:ﺖﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ﯽﻠﺻا ﻪﺘﺳد ﻪﺳ رد ﺖﯾﺎﻬﻧ رد ﻪﮐ ﺪﺷ جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا

(ﻒﻟا

زﺎﯿﻧ ﺎﻫ شزﻮﻣآ ﻪﻄﯿﺣ رد

:ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ،

1 ﺖﺧﺎﻨـﺷ ﻪـﺑ زﺎـﯿﻧ (

ﻮﺧ ﻞــﻠﻋ ؛نآ ﺎــﺑ ﻂﺒﺗﺮــﻣ ﻞﯾﺎــﺴﻣ و ﯽــﺸﮐد 2

ﺖﺧﺎﻨــﺷ ﻪــﺑ زﺎــﯿﻧ (

؛ﯽــﺸﮐدﻮﺧ ﺖــﯿﻤﻫا 3

مﺎــﻈﻧ و ﺐــﺗﺮﻣ يراﺰــﮔﺮﺑ ﻪــﺑ زﺎــﯿﻧ ( ﺪــﻨﻣ

سﻼﮐ ؛ﯽﺸﮐدﻮﺧ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻄﺑار رد ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧاور يﺮﻈﻧ يﺎﻫ 4

ﻪـﺑ زﺎﯿﻧ (

ﯽﯾﺎـﺳﺎﻨﺷ ياﺮـﺑ شزﻮـﻣآ ﻪـﺑ زﺎـﯿﻧ و ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ مﺎﺠﻧا رد شزﻮﻣآ ﯽﮔﮋﯾو و ﯽﺸﮐدﻮﺧ رﺎﮑﻓا ؛نآ يﺎﻫ

5 هﻮﯿـﺷ شزﻮـﻣآ ﻪـﺑ زﺎـﯿﻧ (

درﻮــﺧﺮﺑ ؛ﯽــﻧآ ﯽــﺸﮐدﻮﺧ ﺎــﺑ 6

رد ﻪــﻠﺧاﺪﻣ شزﻮــﻣآ ﻪــﺑ زﺎــﯿﻧ (

؛ناﺮــﺤﺑ 7 ﺖــﯾﻮﻟوا شزﻮــﻣآ ﻪــﺑ زﺎــﯿﻧ ( يﺪــﻨﺑ

ﺎــﺑ درﻮــﺧﺮﺑ رد2

؛ﯽــﺸﮐدﻮﺧ 8

؛رﺎــﻤﯿﺑ نﺎــﻫاﺮﻤﻫ ﺎــﺑ ﻪﺒﺣﺎــﺼﻣ شزﻮــﻣآ ﻪــﺑ زﺎــﯿﻧ (

9 ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ تﺪﺷ دروآﺮﺑ و ﺮﻄﺧ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﺖﺧﺎﻨﺷ شزﻮﻣآ ﻪﺑ زﺎﯿﻧ (

؛ﺮﻄﺧ 10 ﻪﻧﺎﺸﻧ درﻮﻣ رد شزﻮﻣآ ﻪﺑ زﺎﯿﻧ (

3يﺎـﻫ ياﺮـﺑ يروﺮـﺿ

يﺮﺘﺴﺑ ﺪﺷ ﺺﯿﺨﺸﺗ هﻮﯿﺷ و رﺎﻤﯿﺑ ن ؛رﺎﻤﯿﺑ ﻪﯿﻟوا يراﺬﮔ

11 زﺎﯿﻧ (

؛ﯽﮔداﻮﻧﺎــــﺧ و ﯽﻠﯿﻣﺎــــﻓ ﻞﯾﺎــــﺴﻣ درﻮــــﻣ رد شزﻮــــﻣآ ﻪــــﺑ

12

هداد ﯽﯾﺎـﯾﺎﭘ و ﯽـﯾاور ندﺮﺑﻻﺎـﺑ هﻮﯿـﺷ شزﻮﻣآ ﻪﺑ زﺎﯿﻧ ( يﺎـﻫ

ﻪﺑ ﺖﺳد ؛ﺶﻧﺎﻫاﺮﻤﻫ و رﺎﻤﯿﺑ زا هﺪﻣآ 13

هﻮﯿـﺷ شزﻮـﻣآ ﻪﺑ زﺎﯿﻧ (

لﺎـﺣ حﺮـﺷ هداﻮﻧﺎـﺧ ﻪـﮐ يدراﻮـﻣ و يرﺎـﻤﯿﺑ رﺎﮑﻓا ﺎﺑ درﻮﺧﺮﺑ د ﯽﻤﻧ ﻪﯾارا ﺖﺳر ؛ﺪﻫد

14 ﺎـﺑ درﻮـﺧﺮﺑ هﻮﯿـﺷ شزﻮـﻣآ ﻪـﺑ زﺎﯿﻧ (

؛ﺪـﻧراد ﯽﺸﮐدﻮﺧ ﺖﺳژ ﻪﮐ نﺎﻧآ و نارﺎﻤﯿﺑ ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا تﻼﮑﺸﻣ 15

فﺮــﺻ ﯽﮕﻧﻮــﮕﭼ شزﻮــﻣآ ﻪــﺑ زﺎــﯿﻧ ( زا رﺎــﻤﯿﺑ ندﺮــﮐﺮﻈﻧ

؛ﯽــﺸﮐدﻮﺧ 16

ناور ﯽــﻠﻤﻋ ترﺎــﻬﻣ ﺐــﺴﮐ ﻪــﺑ زﺎــﯿﻧ ( ؛ﯽﻧﺎــﻣرد

17 ؛ﺖـﺴﺨﻧ لﺎﺳ زا ﯽﻠﻤﻋ شزﻮﻣآ عوﺮﺷ ﻪﺑ زﺎﯿﻧ ( 18

ﻪـﺑ زﺎـﯿﻧ (

ﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎـﺑ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧاور ﯽﻠﻤﻋ شزﻮﻣآ رد بﺮﺠﻣ نﺎﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧاور زا هد

؛ﻪﻨﯿﻣز ﻦﯾا رد هوﺮﮔ ﻒﻌﺿ ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔﺮﻈﻧرد 19

يراﺰـﮔﺮﺑ ﻪـﺑ زﺎﯿﻧ (

؛نارﺎﯿﺘﺳد ياﺮﺑ ﯽﺸﮐدﻮﺧ ﺎﺑ درﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﯽﻠﻤﻋ هﺎﮔرﺎﮐ 20

ﻪﺑ زﺎﯿﻧ (

ناور ؛ﯽﺘــﺴﯾز نﺎــﻣرد ﺎــﺑ يزاﻮــﻣ ﯽﻧﺎــﻣرد 21

رﻮــﻀﺣ ﻪــﺑ زﺎــﯿﻧ (

ﺖــﯾﺰﯾو ياﺮــﺑ رﺎﯿﺘــﺳد رﺎــﻨﮐ رد بﺮــﺠﻣ ﯽﻨﯿﻟﺎــﺑ سﺎﻨــﺸﻧاور

و 22 مﺎـﮕﻨﻫ نﺎـﻧآ ترﺎـﻈﻧ تروﺮـﺿ و دﺎﺘـﺳا رﻮـﻀﺣ ﻪﺑ زﺎﯿﻧ (

.ﺖﯾﺰﯾو 1

ﯽﻧدﻮﻣزآ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ياﺮﺑ ﺪـﮐ يﺎـﻫ

7 ، 15 ، 6 و 8 ﻪـﺑ رد ﺐـﯿﺗﺮﺗ

:ﺪـﻨﺘﻔﮔ ﻦﯿـﻨﭼ ﺖـﺴﺨﻧ درﻮـﻣ رﺎﻬﭼ درﻮﻣ

» ﻢﺘـﺷاد يرﺎـﻤﯿﺑ ﻪـﮐ

ود -

ﮏـﯾ ﻪـﺘﻔﻫ ﻪﺳ

ﻪـﺑ ،رﺎـﺑ

ﯽـﻣ ﯽـﺸﮐدﻮﺧ ﻞـﯿﻟد ﺪـﻣآ

. ﻪـﻤﻫ وا

ﻞﮑﺸﻣ ﯽﻣ ار ﺶﻟﺎﺣ حﺮﺷ و ﺎﻫ ناور ﻞﮑﺸﻣ .ﺖﻔﮔ

ﯾﺎﯾﻮﭘ رﺎـﻤﯿﺑ ﯽ

ﯽﻤﻧ فﺮﻃﺮﺑ .ﺪﺷ

ﻪـﮐ ﺖـﺷاد دﻮـﺟو ﻪـﻌﻣﺎﺟ و ﻪﻧﺎﺧ رد ﯽﻠﮑﺸﻣ

ﯽﻤﻧ ﻞﺣ نﻮﭼ

ﯽـﻣ ﯽـﺸﮐدﻮﺧ هرﺎﺑود ،ﺪﺷ دﺮـﮐ

» .«

ﺮـﻫ ﻊـﻗاو رد

ﻢﻫ ﻪﺑ دراد ﺖﺳود ﯽﻧﺎﺴﻧا ،هرود لﻮـﻃ رد .ﺪـﻨﮐ ﮏﻤﮐ ﺶﻋﻮﻧ

شزﻮﻣآ ﺪـﯿﮐﺄﺗ ﯽﻧﺎـﺴﻧا ﺖﯾﻮﻫ ﻪﻟﺄﺴﻣ يور و ﻢﯾﺪﯾد ﯽﺑﻮﺧ يﺎﻫ

ﻞﮑﺸﻣ يور .ﺪﺷ ﯽﻣ ﺪﯿﮐﺄﺗ نارﺎﻤﯿﺑ يﺎﻫ

ـﺟ ﯽـﻣﺰﻋ ﺎﺑ و ﺪﺷ و مﺰ

ﯽﻣ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ار ﺮﻄﺧ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﯽﻓﺎﮐ ﺖﻗد ﯽـﮑﯾ لﺎـﺜﻣ ياﺮﺑ .ﻢﯾدﺮﮐ

ﯽﻣ نادﺎﺘﺳا زا

نﻮـﯿﻠﯿﻣ ﯽﻧﺎﻃﺮـﺳ نارﺎـﻤﯿﺑ ياﺮـﺑ ﺪﻨﺘﻔﮔ نﺎـﻣﻮﺗ ﺎـﻫ

ﯽﻣ ﻪﻨﯾﺰﻫ ياﺮـﺑ ﯽـﻟو .ﺖﺳا دﺎﯾز نﺎﺸﮔﺮﻣ لﺎﻤﺘﺣا ﺪﻨﭼﺮﻫ ،دﻮﺷ

ناﻮــﺟ 20 ﻪﻟﺎــﺳ ﻪــﻨﯾﺰﻫ ﯽــﻠﯿﺧ ،دراد ﯽــﺸﮐدﻮﺧ ﺪــﺼﻗ ﻪــﮐ يا

ﯽـــﻤﻧ گﺮـــﻣ رﺎﯿـــﺴﺑ ﺪـــﻨﭼ ﺮـــﻫ ،ﻢﯿـــﻨﮐ ﺖـــﺳا رﺎـــﺑ

» .«

رﺎـــﻤﯿﺑ

ﯽﺸﮐدﻮﺧ .ﺖـﺳا هﺪﯿـﺳر ﻂـﺧ ﺮـﺧآ ﻪﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا يرﺎﻤﯿﺑ ،هدﺮﮐ

ﻦﯾا ﯽﻨﮐ ﺪﯿﮐﺄﺗ ﺶﯾور و ﯽﺳﺮﭙﺑ ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ار ﯽﯾﺎﻫﺰﯿﭼ ﻪﭼ ﯽﻧاﺪﺑ ﻪﮐ

ﻦﯾا و ﯽﺸﮐدﻮﺧ دﺮﻓ ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ ﭼ هدﺮﮐ

ﻪ ار ﻮـﺗ ﻪﮐ ﯽﻨﮐ ﺖﺒﺤﺻ رﻮﻃ

(ﺖـﺴﯿﻧ ﻢـﻬﻣ ﺶﯾاﺮـﺑ ﺰـﯿﭼ ﭻﯿـﻫ ﺮـﮕﯾد رﺎـﻤﯿﺑ نﻮﭼ) ﺪﻨﮐ لﻮﺒﻗ

ﻢﯿﻧاﺪــﺑ ﺎــﻣ دراد ﺖــﯿﻤﻫا ﻪــﮐ ﺖــﺳا ﯽﻠﯾﺎــﺴﻣ

» .«

سﻼــﮐ يﺎــﻫ

اور ن ﻪـﭽﺑ ﻪﻤﻫ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻦﯾا ،ﺖﺴﯿﻧ يدﺮﺑرﺎﮐ ﯽﻧﺎﻣرد ﺮـﺳ .ﺖـﺳا ﺎـﻫ

ﯽـﻣ سﻼﮐ

ﯽـﻤﻧ نﺎﻣﺪـﯾﺎﻋ يﺰـﯿﭼ ﯽـﻟو ،ﻢـﯾور دﺎﺘـﺳا ﻪـﺑ ،دﻮـﺷ

ﻪﺘﻔﮔ ﺚـﺤﺑ ﻢﯾا

ﯽـﻣ ﻪـﯾارا ﻪـﮐ ﯽﯾﺎـﻫ

ﺖـﺴﯿﻧ يدﺮﺑرﺎـﮐ ،ﺪـﯿﻫد .«

ﺪﮐ ﯽﻧدﻮﻣزآ 9

:ﺖﻔﮔ ﻦﯿﻨﭼ ﺮﺧآ درﻮﻣ هرﺎﺑرد ﺰﯿﻧ

» ﺖﯾﺰﯾو ﺮﮔا

نﺎــﻤﻨﻫذ رد ﻪــﺸﯿﻤﻫ ،ﺪــﺷﺎﺑ دﺎﺘــﺳا رﻮــﻀﺣ ﺎــﺑ ﯽــﺸﮐدﻮﺧ رﺎــﻤﯿﺑ ﯽﻣ هداد ﮏﯿـﺸﮐ ﺎﻬﻨﺗ ﻪﺸﯿﻤﻫ ﺎﻣ .دراد يﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ و ﺪﻧﺎﻣ و ﻢـﯾا

ﯽﻤﻧ ﻦﯾا و ﻂﻠﻏ ﺎﯾ ﺖﺳا هدﻮﺑ ﺖﺳرد نﺎﻤﺗﺎﻣاﺪﻗا ﻢﯿﻧاد ﻪـﯾﺎﭘ ﺮـﺑ ﺎﻫ

هدﺮـﮐ ﯽﻌـﺳ .ﺖﺳا نﺎﻣدﻮﺧ توﺎﻀﻗ ﻈﻧ ﻢـﯾا

ﻪـﯾﺮ ﻞـﻤﻋ ﻪـﺑ ار ﺎـﻫ

ﻢﯾروآرد ، ﯽﻟو ﯽﻣ ترﺎﻈﻧ دﺎﺘﺳا ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﺮﮔا يﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ ،ﻢﯾﺪﺷ

ﺖﺷاد .«

_______________________________________

1- Colaizzi 2- triage

3- indication

(4)

111

(ب

و ﺎﻫﺪــﻨﯾآﺮﻓ ﻪــﻄﯿﺣ رد ﺎــﻫزﺎﯿﻧ ﯽــﺷزﻮﻣآ تﺎــﻧﺎﮑﻣا

:

ﻞﮑــﺸﻣ رد دﻮــﺟﻮﻣ تﺎــﻧﺎﮑﻣا و ﺎﻫﺪــﻨﯾآﺮﻓ رد دﻮــﺟﻮﻣ يﺎــﻫ

ﻦﯾا ،نﺎﺘﺳرﺎﻤﯿﺑ :ﺪﺷ نﺎﯿﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ

1 درﻮـﻣ رد ﻪـﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻢﯿـﻈﻨﺗ ﻪﺑ زﺎﯿﻧ (

يﺮﺘــﺴﺑ ﺪــﻨﯾآﺮﻓ ﯽــﺸﮐدﻮﺧ رﺎــﻤﯿﺑ ندﺮــﮐ

هوﺮــﮔ ﻂــﺳﻮﺗ هدﺮــﮐ

؛ﯽﮑﺷﺰﭙﻧاور 2

ﯽﯾﺎﻤﻨﻫار ﻂﺧ ﻪﺑ زﺎﯿﻧ ( ؛نﺎـﻣرد ياﺮـﺑ ﺺﺨـﺸﻣ1

3 ﯿﻧ و نﺎﺘﺳرﺎﻤﯿﺑ ﯽﻓﺎﮐ ﺖﺨﺗ ﻪﺑ زﺎﯿﻧ ( لﺎﻘﺘﻧا ياﺮﺑ ﺲﻧﻻﻮﺒﻣآ ﻪﺑ زﺎ

؛رﺎــﻤﯿﺑ 4 ﺶــﺨﺑ رد ﻪﺒﺣﺎــﺼﻣ ياﺮــﺑ ﺐــﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻂﯿــﺤﻣ ﻪــﺑ زﺎــﯿﻧ ( هروﺎــﺸﻣ مﺎــﺠﻧا ياﺮــﺑ ﻪــﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻢﯿــﻈﻨﺗ ﻪــﺑ زﺎــﯿﻧ و ﺖﯿﻣﻮﻤــﺴﻣ

؛ﯽﮑﺷﺰﭙﻧاور 5

ﯽـﻠﻤﻋ ترﺎـﻬﻣ و يﺮـﻈﻧ ﺶـﻧاد يﺎﻘﺗرا ﻪﺑ زﺎﯿﻧ (

ﻪﺑ ،يرﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﻪﻧﺎﻣﺎﺳ ﺖﺑﻮﻧ رد هﮋﯾو

؛ﺐﺷ و ﺮﺼﻋ يﺎﻫ 6

ﻪـﺑ زﺎـﯿﻧ (

ﯽــﻔﯿﮐ لﺮــﺘﻨﮐ ﻪﻧﺎﻣﺎــﺳ دﻮــﺟو ﺲــﻧاژروا يرﺎــﺟ يﺎﻫﺪــﻨﯾآﺮﻓ

و ﯽﮑﺷﺰﭙﻧاور 7

ياﺮـﺑ بﺮـﺠﻣ يرﺎﮐدﺪﻣ ﻪﻧﺎﻣﺎﺳ دﻮﺟو ﻪﺑ زﺎﯿﻧ (

ﯽﭘ .نارﺎﻤﯿﺑ يﺮﯿﮔ

(ج

ﯽﻧﺎـﺴﻧا ﻊﺑﺎـﻨﻣ ﻪـﻄﯿﺣ رد ﺎﻫزﺎﯿﻧ

:

ﯽﻧدﻮـﻣزآ روﺎـﺑ ﻪـﺑ ،ﺎـﻫ

فﺮــﺻ رﺎــﻤﯿﺑ ﻦﯿﻟﺎــﺑ رد رﻮــﻀﺣ ياﺮــﺑ ﯽﻓﺎــﮐ نﺎــﻣز نادﺎﺘــﺳا ﯽﻤﻧ ﺪﮐ ﯽﻧدﻮﻣزآ .ﺪﻨﻨﮐ 8

:ﺖﻔﮔ

» شزﻮـﻣآ ﻪـﻔﯿﻇو ﻪﮐ يدﺎﺘﺳا

د هﺪــﻬﻋ ﺮـﺑ ار .دﻮــﺷ ﺮـﮕﯾد يﺎــﻫرﺎﮐ مﺎـﺠﻧا لﻮﻐــﺸﻣ ﺪـﯾﺎﺒﻧ ،درا

ﻪـﺑ ﺶــﺨﺑ ﻪــﺑ ﺮﻬﻇزاﺪـﻌﺑ ود ﺖﻋﺎــﺳ ،دﺎـﯾز يرﺎــﮐ ﻪﻠﻐـﺸﻣ ﻞــﯿﻟد

ﯽﻣ ﯽـﻣ ﺖﯾﺰﯾو ار رﺎﻤﯿﺑ ﻊﯾﺮﺳ ،ﺪﯾآ

ﯽـﻣ و ﺪـﻨﮐ دور

.«

ﻢـﻫ ﻦﯿـﻨﭼ

ﯽﻧدﻮﻣزآ

ﻪـﺑ ياﺮـﺑ نادﺎﺘﺳا زا ﯽﻀﻌﺑ ﺪﻧدﺮﮐ هرﺎﺷا ﺎﻫ ،ندﻮـﺑزور

ﯽﻧدﻮﻣزآ .ﺪﻧراد ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻪﺑ زﺎﯿﻧ

و ﻻﺎـﺑ يرﺎـﮐ ﻢـﺠﺣ زا ﺎـﻫ

ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ

ﯽﻫﺎـﮔ ؛ﺪﻨﺘـﺷاد ﻪﯾﻼﮔ ﮏﯿﺸﮐ ﻦﯿﮕﻨﺳ يﺎﻫ رﺎـﺸﻓ تﺎـﻗوا

ﻪــﺑ يرﺎـﮐ لﺎــﺣ حﺮــﺷ ﺢﺒـﺻ ﮏــﯾدﺰﻧ ﺎـﺗ ﻪــﮐ ،ﺖــﺳﻻﺎﺑ يرﺪـﻗ

ﯽﻣ ﻢﻫ .ﻢﯾﺮﯿﮔ ﯽﻧاﺮﮕﻧ زا ﻦﯿﻨﭼ

ﺖﯿﻟﻮﺌـﺴﻣ ﻪـﺑ ﺖﺒـﺴﻧ دﻮـﺧ يﺎـﻫ

يﺮﺘﺴﺑ درﻮﻣ رد ﯽﻧﻮﻧﺎﻗ ﯽﻧدﻮـﻣزآ .ﺪـﻧدﺮﮐ ﺖﺒﺤـﺻ رﺎﻤﯿﺑ ندﺮﮐ

ﺪﮐ 8 :ﺖﻔﮔ

» ﻪﺘﻔﮔ ﺎﻣ ﻪﺑ

ﯽـﺸﮐدﻮﺧ رﺎـﻤﯿﺑ ﺪـﻧا يﺮﺘـﺴﺑ ار هدﺮـﮐ

ﮐ ﺪﯿﻨ . ﯽﻧﺎﻣز ﻦﯾاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ يﺮﺘﺴﺑ رﺎﻤﯿﺑ و دراﺪﻧ دﻮﺟو ﯽﻟﺎﺧ ﺖﺨﺗ ﻪﮐ

ﯽﻤﻧ ﻢﯿﻧاﺮﮕﻧ ﺎﻣ ،دﻮﺷ

«.

لدﺎﺒﺗ و ﯽﻫوﺮﮔ ﺚﺤﺑ زا ﺲﭘ رد ﺮﻈﻧ

ﯾﺎـﻬﻧ يﺎﻫﺪـﮐ درﻮﻣ ﯽ

ﻪﺑ ﺖﺳد زا هﺪﻣآ ﺖﯾﻮﻟوا ،مود ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ رد نارﺎﯿﺘﺳد ﯽﺷزﻮﻣآ يﺎﻫ

ﺧ درﻮﻣ ﺪﺷ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﯽﺸﮐدﻮ :

رد ﯽﻓﺎـﮐ ترﺎـﻬﻣ ﻦﺘﺷاد ﻪﺑ زﺎﯿﻧ

رﺎﻤﯿﺑ ﺎﺑ طﺎﺒﺗرا ،

ﻪﺑ زﺎﯿﻧ ناﺮﺤﺑ رد ﻪﻠﺧاﺪﻣ شزﻮﻣآ

، ﺐﺴﮐ ﻪﺑ زﺎﯿﻧ

ناور ﯽــﻠﻤﻋ ترﺎــﻬﻣ ﯽﻧﺎــﻣرد

، رﻮــﻀﺣ ﻪــﺑ زﺎــﯿﻧ مﺎــﮕﻨﻫ دﺎﺘــﺳا

ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ ﺎﻫ

، ﻪﺑ زﺎﯿﻧ ﯽﮕﻧﻮﮕﭼ شزﻮﻣآ فﺮـﺼﻨﻣ

ندﺮـﮐ زا رﺎـﻤﯿﺑ

و ﯽﺸﮐدﻮﺧ آ

شزﻮﻣ درﻮﻣ رد

هداﻮﻧﺎـﺧ و رﺎـﻤﯿﺑ ﻪـﮐ ﻪـﭽﻧآ شا

ﺪﯾﺎﺑ ﺪﻧزﻮﻣﺎﯿﺑ ، ﯾﺎﻤﻨﻫار ﻂﺧ ﻪﺑ زﺎﯿﻧ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﯽ

ياﺮﺑ نﺎـﻣرد ، زﺎـﯿﻧ

ﻬﻣ يﺎﻘﺗرا ﻪﺑ ترﺎ

يﺎﻫ يﺮﻈﻧ ﯽﻠﻤﻋ و رﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ

،نا

دﻮـﺟو ﻪـﺑ زﺎـﯿﻧ

ﻪﻧﺎﻣﺎﺳ ﺲﻧاژروا يرﺎﺟ يﺎﻫﺪﻨﯾآﺮﻓ ﯽﻔﯿﮐ لﺮﺘﻨﮐ ،

ﻪـﯿﻬﺗ ﻪـﺑ زﺎـﯿﻧ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ

،ﺖﯿﻣﻮﻤﺴﻣ ﺶﺨﺑ رد ﯽﮑﺷﺰﭙﻧاور هروﺎﺸﻣ ﻂﯿـﺤﻣ ﻪـﺑ زﺎﯿﻧ

رﺎﻤﯿﺑ ﺎﺑ ﯽﮑﺷﺰﭙﻧاور ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ ياﺮﺑ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ،

ﯽﻓﺎـﮐ ﺖـﺨﺗ ﻪﺑ زﺎﯿﻧ

ﯽﻧﺎﺘﺳرﺎﻤﯿﺑ و

شور ﻪﺑ زﺎﯿﻧ ﻪﻠﺑﺎﻘﻣ و لﺮﺘﻨﮐ ياﺮﺑ ﯽﯾﺎﻫ

سﺮﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ .

1ﺚﺤﺑ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾ ﻞﯾﺎـﺴﻣ و ﯽـﺸﮐدﻮﺧ ﻞـﻠﻋ ﺖﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﻪﺑ زﺎﯿﻧ داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﺎﻫ ﺎــﺑ ﻂﺒﺗﺮــﻣ ﯽﻋﺎــﻤﺘﺟا ﻞﯾﺎــﺴﻣ شزﻮــﻣآ ﻪــﺑ زﺎــﯿﻧ ،نآ ﺎــﺑ ﻂﺒﺗﺮــﻣ

ﻢـﻫ ،ﺮﻄﺧ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ و ﯽﺸﮐدﻮﺧ ﻞـﻣاﻮﻋ شزﻮـﻣآ ﻪـﺑ زﺎـﯿﻧ ﻦﯿـﻨﭼ

ﻪــﻄﯿﺣ رد نارﺎﯿﺘــﺳد يﺎــﻫزﺎﯿﻧ زا ،ﯽــﺸﮐدﻮﺧ راﺮــﮑﺗ ﺎــﺑ ﻂﺒﺗﺮــﻣ

ﺶﻫوﮋـﭘ .دﻮـﺑ شزﻮﻣآ

هداد نﺎـﺸﻧ ﺎـﻫ

ﺖـﺳدزا ﺪـﻧا ﺮـﺴﻤﻫ نداد

ﻪﺑ د ﯽـﺸﮐدﻮﺧ ﻪـﺑ ماﺪـﻗا رد ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ زا ،گﺮﻣ ﺎﯾ قﻼﻃ ﻞﯿﻟ

،ﯽﻤﺳﺎﯾ) ﺖﺳا 1998

(.

ﻢﻫ ﺎـﺑ ،نﺎﺘﺳرﺎﻤﯿﺑ رد يﺮﺘﺴﺑ ﻪﻘﺑﺎﺳ ﻦﯿﻨﭼ

ﯽﺸﮐدﻮﺧ ﻪﺑ ماﺪﻗا ناﺰﯿﻣ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺖﺳا طﺎﺒﺗرا رد

،يرﺎﮑﻓارﻮﭘ)

1995 ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾ .(

) نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و ﯽﻣﺮﮐ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ يﺎﻫ 2006

داد نﺎﺸﻧ (

7/

64 ماﺪﻗا داﺮﻓا ﺪﺻرد هﺪﻨﻨﮐ

بﺎـﺼﻋا ﺶﺨﺑ رد ،ﯽﺸﮐدﻮﺧ ﻪﺑ

ﻪـﯿﻘﺑ نﺎﺘﺳرﺎﻤﯿﺑ ناور و ﷲا

ﻻا ﻦـﯾا .ﺪﻨﺘـﺷاد يﺮﺘـﺴﺑ ﻪﻘﺑﺎـﺳ ﻢـﻈﻋ

ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾ نﺎﯿﺑ ﺎﻫ زا ﯽﮑـﺷﺰﭙﻧاور يرﺎـﻤﯿﺑ ﻪـﺑ ﻼﺘـﺑا ﻪـﮐ ﺖـﺳا نآ ﺮـﮔ

ﮏﯾ ﺶﯾاﺰـﻓا ﺐﺒﺳ ،ﺮﮕﯾد يﻮﺳ زا وراد ﺖﺳردﺎﻧ فﺮﺼﻣ و ﻮﺳ

ﯽﻣ ﯽﺸﮐدﻮﺧ ﻪﺑ ماﺪﻗا لﺎﻤﺘﺣا .دﻮﺷ

مﺎﻈﻧ و ﺐﺗﺮﻣ يراﺰﮔﺮﺑ سﻼﮐ ﺪﻨﻣ

ﺮﻈﻧ يﺎﻫ و ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧاور و ي

هﺮﻬﺑ ﻪﺒﻨﺟ ﺮﺑ ﻂﻠﺴﻣ نادﺎﺘﺳا زا يﺪﻨﻣ ناور يﺎﻫ

يﺎﻫزﺎﯿﻧ زا ﯽﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ

ﯽﻧدﻮﻣزآ ﯽﻓﺎﮐ ترﺎﻬﻣ نﺎﻧآ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺷاد هرﺎﺷا ﻪﺘﮑﻧ ﻦﯾا ﻪﺑ و دﻮﺑ ﺎﻫ

ﻢـﻫ .ﺪـﻧراﺪﻧ رﺎـﻤﯿﺑ ﺎـﺑ طﺎـﺒﺗرا يراﺮﻗﺮﺑ رد هﻮﯿـﺷ شزﻮـﻣآ ﻦﯿـﻨﭼ

ﺖﺧﺎﻨـﺷ شزﻮـﻣآ ،ناﺮﺤﺑ رد ﻪﻠﺧاﺪﻣ ،ﯽﻧآ ﯽﺸﮐدﻮﺧ ﺎﺑ درﻮﺧﺮﺑ و ﺮﻄﺧ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ يﺎـﻫزﺎﯿﻧ زا ﺮـﻄﺧ ﻞـﻣاﻮﻋ تﺪـﺷ دروآﺮﺑ شزﻮﻣآ

ﯽﻧدﻮﻣزآ ﯽـﺸﻫوﮋﭘ رد .دﻮـﺑ ﺎـﻫ 147

عﻮـﺿﻮﻣ ﺎـﺑ ﻪـﻟﺎﻘﻣ

» ﺶﻨـﮐاو

ﯽﺸﮐدﻮﺧ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ نﺎﻨﮐرﺎﮐ «

ﻪـﺘﻓﺎﯾ .ﺖﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ درﻮﻣ ﺎـﻫ

ﻪﺑ و سردوز ﺖﺧﺎﻨﺷ داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﯽﻠﺻا ﻪﺘﮑﻧ ،ﯽﺸﮐدﻮﺧ رﺎﺘﻓر ﻊﻗﻮﻣ

ﺶﯿﭘ رد فﺮﻃﺮﺑ ﺪﻧور .ﺖﺳا ﯽﺸﮐدﻮﺧ زا يﺮﯿﮔ ﺐـﺴﭼﺮﺑ نﺪﺷ

2

رﺎﯿﺴﺑ عﻮـﺿﻮﻣ ﮏـﯾ ﯽـﺸﮐدﻮﺧ زﻮـﻨﻫ و ﺖـﺳا ﯽﺠﯾرﺪـﺗ و ﺪﻨﮐ

ﻞﮑــﺸﻣ ﺎــﺑ نﺎﮑــﺷﺰﭘ ﺖــﻘﯿﻘﺣ رد .ﺖــﺳا نﺎﮑــﺷﺰﭘ ياﺮــﺑ ﻦﯾﺮــﻓآ ﻪــﮐ ﺪــﻨﻨﮐ ﺖــﺒﻗاﺮﻣ يدﺮــﻓ زا ﺪــﯾﺎﺑ ﻪــﮐ ﺪﻨﺘــﺴﻫ ﻪــﺟاﻮﻣ ﯽــﺿرﺎﻌﺗ

ﯽــﻣ دﺮــﻓ نﺎــﻤﻫ ﺖــﺳا ﻦــﮑﻤﻣ ،ﺮــﮕﯾد يﻮــﺳ زا و دﺮــﯿﻤﺑ ﺪــﻫاﻮﺧ

ﯽﻠﭙﯿﻣﺎـﭘ) ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘـﺷاد ﮏﻤﮐ ﺎﯾ تﺎﺠﻧ ﺖﺳاﻮﺧرد يدراﺮـﯿﮔ ،3

،4

ﻮﺗﺮﺑور ﺲﯾﺪﯿﻟاﺰﺗﺎﮐ ،5

ﯽﻟرﺎﺗﺎﺗ و6

،7

2005 .(

_______________________________________

1- guide line 2- stigma

3- Pompili 4- Girardi

5- Ruberto 6- Kotzalidis

7- Tatarelli

(5)

112

Vol. 18 / No. 2 / Summer 2012

ﺖﯾﻮﻟوا شزﻮﻣآ ﺮـﮕﯾد زا ،ﯽﺸﮐدﻮﺧ ﺎﺑ درﻮﺧﺮﺑ رد يﺪﻨﺑ

يﻮـﺳﻮﻣ و ﯽـﺸﯾﺮﻗ ﺶﻫوﮋـﭘ رد .دﻮـﺑ ﺎﻫزﺎﯿﻧ ) ﺐـﺴﻧ

2008 ﺎـﺑ (

مﺎــﻈﻧ روﺮــﻣ ناﻮــﻨﻋ ﯽــﺳرﺮﺑ ﺪــﻨﻣ

مﺎــﺠﻧا يﺎــﻫ ﻪــﻨﯿﻣز رد هﺪــﺷ

ﻪـﺑ ﮏـﯾدﺰﻧ رد ،ناﺮﯾا رد ﯽﺸﮐدﻮﺧ ﻪﺑ ماﺪﻗا و ﯽﺸﮐدﻮﺧ 70

ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﺪﺻرد ﯽﻨﯿﺑزﺎـﺑ يﺎﻫ

ﯽﺑﺎـﯾزرا ،هﺪـﺷ يﺎـﻫ

زا ﯽـﺼﯿﺨﺸﺗ

لﻼﺘﺧا ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ زا ﯽﺧﺮﺑ رد .ﺖﺷاﺪﻧ دﻮﺟو ﯽﮑﺷﺰﭙﻧاور يﺎﻫ ﺎﻫ

ﺺﯿﺨﺸﺗ ﻪﺑ ﯽﻓﺎﮐ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ يرﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﺮﻈﻧ زا ﺰﯿﻧ هﺪـﺸﻧ ﯽﻨﯿﻟﺎﺑ يﺎﻫ

ﻪــﺑ ماﺪــﻗا نﻮــﻣاﺮﯿﭘ ﻞﯾﺎــﺴﻣ ﯽــﻨﯿﻌﻣ فﺪــﻫ يﺎﺘــﺳار رد ﺎــﻬﻨﺗ و ﻪﺒﻨﺟ زا ﯽﮑﯾ .دﻮﺑ هﺪﺷ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﯽﺸﮐدﻮﺧ تﺎـﻋﻼﻃا ﻢﻬﻣ يﺎﻫ

ﺎـﻤﯿﺑ ﺖـﯾﻮﻟوا ﺎﯾ ماﺪﻗا عﻮﻧ ﺺﯿﺨﺸﺗ ،ﯽﺼﯿﺨﺸﺗ رد .ﺖـﺳا نار

،ﯽـﯾﻼﻋ و ﯽﯾﻮﻫﺎﮐ) ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﮏﯾ 2010

ﺪـﺷ ﺺﺨـﺸﻣ ( 6/

65

ماﺪـﻗا عﻮﻧ ﺺﯿﺨﺸﺗ ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ تﺎﻋﻼﻃا ﻪﺑ نﺎﯾﻮﺠﺸﻧاد ﺪﺻرد

ﯽﺗرﻮــﺻرد .ﺪﻨﺘــﺷاد يدﺎــﯾز زﺎــﯿﻧ نارﺎــﻤﯿﺑ ﺖــﯾﻮﻟوا ﺎــﯾ ﻪــﮐ

ﺖﯾﻮﻟوا ﻪﺑ ثداﻮﺣ مﺎﮕﻨﻫ تﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﻪﯾارا يﺪﻨﺑ مﺎﺠﻧا ﻖﯿﻗد رﻮﻃ

اﺮـﻓا زا ﯽـﺧﺮﺑ ﺐـﺳﺎﻨﻣﺎﻧ نﺎـﻣرد ﺚـﻋﺎﺑ ﺖـﺳا ﻦـﮑﻤﻣ ،دﻮﺸﻧ د

ﻪﺛدﺎﺣ نﺎﻤﻫ) دﻮﺷ هﺪﯾد ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﺮﮕﯾد .(ﺎﺟ

هداد نﺎﺸﻧ ﺎﻫ رد ﺪـﻧا

ﯽﺸﮐدﻮﺧ داﺮﻓا

لﻼﺘـﺧا زا ﺺﯿﺨـﺸﺗ ﮏـﯾ زا ﺶﯿﺑ هدﺮﮐ يﺎـﻫ

ﯽﻣ هﺪﯾد ﯽﮑﺷﺰﭙﻧاور

يﻮـﺳﻮﻣ و ﯽـﺸﯾﺮﻗ) دﻮﺷ ،ﺐـﺴﻧ

2008 .(

1ﻢﯿﮐ ) نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و 2003

ماﺪـﻗا نادﺮـﻣ ﯽـﺳرﺮﺑ رد ( ﻪـﺑ هﺪـﻨﻨﮐ

يﺎــﻫرﺎﺘﻓر ﺎــﺑ هاﺮــﻤﻫ ﯽــﺼﯿﺨﺸﺗ دراﻮــﻣ ﻦﯿﮕﻧﺎــﯿﻣ ،ﯽــﺸﮐدﻮﺧ ﺗ ﻪــﻧﺎﮑ يا - ﻪﻧاﺮﮕــﺷﺎﺧﺮﭘ ار2

36 /2 .ﺪــﻧدﺮﮐ شراﺰــﮔ ﺪــﺻرد

ﻪﺑ ﻦﯾاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ﻢﻫ ﯽﻠﮐرﻮﻃ

3ﯽﺷﻮﭘ ﺺﯿﺨﺸﺗ رد ﯽﮑـﺷﺰﭙﻧاور يﺎـﻫ

.ﺖﺳﻻﺎﺑ داﺮﻓا ﻦﯾا

ﺶﻫوﮋـﭘ زا يرﺎﯿﺴﺑ رد ﯽﮔﺪﻧز ﯽﻧاور رﺎﺸﻓ ﻪـﺑ ماﺪـﻗا ﺎـﺑ ﺎـﻫ

،ﯽﻤـﺳﺎﯾ) ﺖﺳا هدﻮﺑ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﯽﺸﮐدﻮﺧ 1998

ﯽﻓرﻮـﻣ ؛ ،4

1995 ؛

ﻪﻗﻼﻋ و رﺎﮕﺘﺳر ،ناﺪـﻨﺑ

2003 د ﯽـﺳرﺮﺑ رد .(

و ﯽـﻣﺮﮐ) يﺮـﮕﯾ

،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ 2006

ﯽـﻧاواﺮﻓ ﺎﺑ ﯽﮔداﻮﻧﺎﺧ تﻼﮑﺸﻣ ﺪﺷ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ (

5/

38 ﻊﯾﺎــﺷ ،ﺪــﺻرد .ﺖــﺳا ﯽــﺸﮐدﻮﺧ ﻪــﺑ ماﺪــﻗا ﺖــﻠﻋ ﻦﯾﺮــﺗ

ﻪـﺒﺗر رد ﯽﻠﻐﺷ و يدﺎﺼﺘﻗا تﻼﮑﺸﻣ .ﺖـﺷاد راﺮـﻗ ﻦﯿـﺴﭘ يﺎـﻫ

ﯽــﻣ ار ﯽﮔداﻮﻧﺎــﺧ ﻂــﺑاور دﻮــﺒﻬﺑ ﻦﯾاﺮﺑﺎــﻨﺑ يﺎــﻫدﺮﺒﻫار زا ناﻮــﺗ

ﺶﯿﭘ ﺮـﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫوﮋـﭘ ﻪـﺘﻓﺎﯾ .ﺖـﺴﻧاد ﯽـﺸﮐدﻮﺧ زا يﺮـﯿﮔ ﺰـﯿﻧ

نﺎﺸﻧ ﯽﻧدﻮﻣزآ ﻪﮐ دﻮﺑ نآ ﺮﮔ تﻼﮑـﺸﻣ درﻮـﻣ رد شزﻮـﻣآ ﺎـﻫ

.ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ ﻪﺘﺴﻧاد يروﺮﺿ ار ﯽﮔداﻮﻧﺎﺧ و ﯽﻠﯿﻣﺎﻓ

رﺎـﻤﯿﺑ ﻦﯿﻟﺎـﺑ رد ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ لﺎﺳ رﺎﯿﺘﺳد ﺎﯾ دﺎﺘﺳا رﻮﻀﺣ تروﺮﺿ ﯽﺸﮐدﻮﺧ ﻪﺑ ﺰﯿﻧ هدﺮﮐ

ﯽﻧدﻮﻣزآ ﻪﻠﯿﺳو ﻪﺑ .ﺪﺷ نﺎﯿﺑ ﺎﻫ

ﯽﻣ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺪﺳر

ـﯾ و ﺮﺗﻻﺎـﺑ هﺰـﯿﮕﻧا ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ،رﺎﯿﺘﺳد رﺎﻨﮐ رد دﺎﺘﺳا رﻮﻀﺣ يﺮﯿﮔدﺎ

ﯽﻣ ﺮﺘﻬﺑ .دﻮﺷ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ رد ﻪﺑ ،نﺎﻨﮐرﺎﮐ زا يرﺎﻤﺷ ﺪﯿﺳر ﺮﻈﻧ

هﮋﯾو

ﺖﺑﻮﻧ رد رﺎـﻤﯿﺑ ﻪـﺑ ﺖﺒـﺴﻧ ﯽﺘـﺳرد ﺶﻨـﮐاو ،ﺐـﺷ و ﺮﺼﻋ يﺎﻫ

،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و ﯽﻠﭙﯿﻣﺎﭘ) ﯽﺸﻫوﮋﭘ رد .ﺪﻧراﺪﻧ 2005

ﺪﺷ هداد نﺎﺸﻧ ( ﻪﺑ

داﺮـﻓا ﻪـﺑ ﺖﺒـﺴﻧ ،ﺲـﻧاژروا رد ﻞﻏﺎـﺷ نﺎـﻨﮐرﺎﮐ لﻮﻤﻌﻣ رﻮﻃ ﯽـﺸﮐدﻮﺧ ﺶﻨــﮐاو ،هدﺮــﮐ

ﯽــﻔﻨﻣ يﺎــﻫ و ﺪــﻧراد ﺰﯿﻣآﺪــﯾدﺮﺗ ﺎــﯾ

ﻢــﻫ ﺶﻫﺎــﮐ ﻪــﺑ ﺮــﺠﻨﻣ ﺮــﻣا ﻦــﯾا .ﺪــﻧراﺪﻧ نﺎــﻧآ ﺎــﺑ ﯽﻓﺎــﮐ ﯽــﻟد

ﺖﺒﻗاﺮﻣ

ﺖـﺳدزا و رﺎـﻤﯿﺑ زا مزﻻ يﺎﻫ

ﺖـﺻﺮﻓ ﻦﺘـﻓر ﻢـﻬﻣ يﺎـﻫ

ﺶﯿﭘ ﯽﺸﮐدﻮﺧ زا يﺮﯿﮔ ﯽﻣ ﻦﯿﺴﭘ يﺎﻫ

.دﻮﺷ 1

ياﺮـﺑ نادﺎﺘـﺳا ﺖـﻗو دﻮـﺒﻤﮐ ،ﺮـﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫوﮋـﭘ ﺮﮕﯾد ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾ ﯽﻤﻇﺎــﮐ ﺶﻫوﮋــﭘ رد .دﻮــﺑ رﺎـﻤﯿﺑ ﻦﯿﻟﺎــﺑ رد رﻮــﻀﺣ و شزﻮـﻣآ

) 2004 ﻢﻬﻣ ﺖﻗو دﻮﺒﻤﮐ ﺪﺷ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﺰﯿﻧ ( رد ﻞﮑـﺸﻣ ﻦﯾﺮـﺗ

80

ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻞﯾﺪﻌﺗ ﻪﺑ زﺎﯿﻧ و يرﺎﮐ يﻻﺎﺑ ﻢﺠﺣ .دﻮﺑ نادﺎﺘﺳا زا ﺪﺻرد ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾ ﺎﺑ ﺰﯿﻧ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﺮﮕﯾد يﺎﻫ

ﻢﻫ ﺎﻫ ﺮـﮔ ؛ﺖﺳا ناﻮﺧ ك

،ﯽـﻗاﺮﯾ

) يرﺎﻘﻔﻟاوذ و ﯽﻤﯿﻫاﺮﺑا ،نﺎﮔﮋﯾوآ ،يرﻮﺒﺻ 2007

ﻢﺠﺣ ﺮﺑ ﺰﯿﻧ (

ﻪــﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ و نازرورﺎــﮐ يﻻﺎــﺑ يرﺎــﮐ ﺮﻓ ندﻮــﺒﻧراد

شزﻮــﻣآ ﺪــﻨﯾآ

.ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ هدﺮﮐ ﺪﯿﮐﺄﺗ نارﺎﯿﺘﺳد

نارﺎــﻤﯿﺑ درﻮــﻣ رد ﯽﻧﻮﻧﺎــﻗ ﺖﯿﻟﻮﺌــﺴﻣ ﻪــﺑ ﺖﺒــﺴﻧ ﯽــﻧاﺮﮕﻧ ﯽﺸﮐدﻮﺧ ﻪﻏﺪﻏد زا ،هدﺮﮐ

ﯽﻧدﻮﻣزآ ﯽﻨﻫذ يﺎﻫ ﻦﯾاﺮﺑﺎـﻨﺑ .دﻮﺑ ﺎﻫ

شور ﻪﺑ نﺎﻧآ .ﺪﻨﺘـﺷاد زﺎـﯿﻧ سﺮﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ﻪﻠﺑﺎﻘﻣ و لﺮﺘﻨﮐ ياﺮﺑ ﯽﯾﺎﻫ

ﯽﻨﺑ ،ﺶﺨﺑرﺎﮐ ،يﺪﺣا) ﯽﺸﻫوﮋﭘ رد ،ﯽـﻤﯿﮑﺣ و ﯽﻟﺎﻤﺟ

2008 (

د نﺎﺸﻧ ناﺰﯿﻣ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﺪﺷ هدا ﯽﺘﺨﺳﺮﺳ

(ﺪﻬﻌﺗ ،ﺶﻟﺎﭼ ،لﺮﺘﻨﮐ)5

ﻪﺑ ﻪﺘﺷر نارﺎﯿﺘﺳد ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﺐﯿﺗﺮﺗ ،بﺎـﺼﻋا و ﺰﻐﻣ ﯽﺣاﺮﺟ يﺎﻫ

.دﻮﺑ ﺲﻧاژروا و ﯽﮑﺷﺰﭙﻧاور

ﻪﺒﺣﺎــﺼﻣ نﺎـﻣز ﻦﯿــﯿﻌﺗ رد ﻞﮑـﺸﻣ )

ﻪــﺑ ﻪﻠﻐــﺸﻣﺮﭘ ﻞـﯿﻟد ندﻮــﺑ

ﯽﻧدﻮﻣزآ ﺎﻫ و ( ﺖﺒﺤﺻ ﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ زا ﯽﻧاﺮﮕﻧ ﺰﯿﻧ ﯽﺑﺎﯿـﺷزرا ﺮـﺑ نﺎﺸﯾﺎﻫ

ﺖﯾدوﺪﺤﻣ زا ،نﺎﻧآ يﺎﻫ

.دﻮﺑ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﯽﯾاﺮﺟا

ﯽﻧدﻮﻣزآ يﺎﻫزﺎﯿﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻞﯾﺎـﺴﻣ درﻮﻣ رد شزﻮﻣآ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ

،دﻮـﺟﻮﻣ ﯽـﺷزﻮﻣآ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻪﮐ ﻪﺘﮑﻧ ﻦﯾا ﺰﯿﻧ ،ﯽﺸﮐدﻮﺧ ﺎﺑ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﺖــﯿﻌﻗاو ﺎــﺑ طﺎــﺒﺗرا رد نﺎــﻧآ يﺎــﻫزﺎﯿﻧ هﺪــﻧروآﺮﺑ هﺮــﻣزور يﺎــﻫ

ﯽﻣ دﺎﻬﻨﺸﯿﭘ ،ﺖﺴﯿﻧ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ دﻮﺷ

ﺮﻣا نﻻﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﯽﺷزﻮﻣآ يﺎﻫ

ﺮﻗ يﺮﮕﻧزﺎﺑ درﻮﻣ .دﺮﯿﮔ را

يراﺰﮕﺳﺎﭙﺳ

مﻮــﻠﻋ تﺎـﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﺰـﮐﺮﻣ ﯽﻟﺎـﻣ ﺖـﯾﺎﻤﺣ ﺎـﺑ ﺮـﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫوﮋـﭘ

مﻮـﻠﻋ هﺎﮕـﺸﻧاد ﯽـﺸﻫوﮋﭘ ﺖـﻧوﺎﻌﻣ و يرﺎﺘﻓر نﺎﻬﻔـﺻا ﯽﮑـﺷﺰﭘ

ﻦﯾﺪﺑ .ﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا ﯽﮑـﺷﺰﭙﻧاور نارﺎﯿﺘـﺳد ﯽﻣﺎﻤﺗ و نﺎﺸﯾا زا ﻪﻠﯿﺳو

مﻮﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد يرﺎﮑﻤﻫ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ياﺮﺟا رد ﻪﮐ نﺎﻬﻔﺻا ﯽﮑﺷﺰﭘ

ﯽﻣ ﯽﻧادرﺪﻗ ﻪﻧﺎﻤﯿﻤﺻ ،ﺪﻨﺘﺷاد .دﻮﺷ

ﺑ]

ﺖـﺳا ﻪﺘـﺷاﺪﻧ دﻮـﺟو ﻊﻓﺎـﻨﻣ ضرﺎﻌﺗ ،ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ لﻮﺌﺴﻣ هﺪﻨﺴﯾﻮﻧ رﺎﻬﻇا ﻪﺑ ﺎﻨ .[

_______________________________________

1- Kim 2- impulsive-aggressive

3- overlap 4- Murphy

5- Hardiness

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Vol. 18 / No. 2 / Summer 2012

Assessment of Educational Needs on Suicide Prevention in Residents of Psychiatry at Isfahan University of Medical Sciences:

A Qualitative Study

Abstract

Objectives: “Need assessment” is considered as the process of evaluation of needs in a specific domain, which is fundamental for quality improvement of health education and research. As suicide is one the most important problems in public health, it would be expected that all psychiatric residents should have adequate knowledge and skills to play their different roles in the field. This study was designed to assess educational needs of psychiatric residents at Isfahan University of Medical Sciences with the aim of determining the priorities and needs about suicide. Method: This qualitative phenomenological study was based on triangulation method. Sixteen psychiatric residents at Isfahan University of Medical Sciences were recruited using purposive sampling method. Data were gathered by interview and group debates and analyzed based on Colaizzi’s seven-step model. Results: The findings of this study encoded 1015 codes, distributed in three main domains: “educational needs” (to recognize causes and risk factors, psychological education, and training practical skills against suicide), “needs in process and facilities” and

“human resources needs”. Conclusion: This study revealed multiple educational needs in the field of suicide. On the other hand, the current educational program could not fulfill the needs of psychiatric residents with regard to the contemporary realities of suicide. This finding mandates the revision of current educational programs.

Key words: need assessment; psychiatric residents; suicide

[Received: 15 September 2010; Accepted: 9 May 2011]

Mahin Aminoroaia^a, Majid Barekatain*, Abbass Attari ^a

* Corresponding author: Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran, IR.

Fax: +98311-2222135

E-mail: [email protected]

a Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.

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مﻮﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﯽﮑﺷﺰﭙﻧاور نارﺎﯿﺘﺳد زا ﯽﺷزﻮﻣآ ﯽﺠﻨﺳزﺎﯿﻧ

نﺎﻬﻔﺻا ﯽﮑﺷﺰﭘ

ﯽﻔﯿﮐ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﮏﯾ :ﯽﺸﮐدﻮﺧ هرﺎﺑرد

هﺪﯿﮑﭼ

Assessment of Educational Needs on Suicide Prevention in Residents of Psychiatry at Isfahan University of Medical Sciences:

A Qualitative Study

Original Article