ﺪﻬﺸﻣ
ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﺎﺑ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ يﺎﻫرﺎﺘﻓر زا ﻲﺧﺮﺑ ﺎﺑ نآ طﺎﺒﺗرا و
نﺎﮔﺪﻨﺴﻳﻮﻧ :
يدﺮﻛ ﻪﻣﻮﺼﻌﻣ
،1
يﺰﻳر يﺪﻤﺤﻣ ﻼﻴﻬﺳ
،2
يﺮﻛﺎﺷ ﻲﻘﺗﺪﻤﺤﻣ
، 3
يوﺮﻏ سرﺪﻣ ﻲﻀﺗﺮﻣ
، 4
يدرﺪﻓ ﻲﺤﻟﺎﺻ داﻮﺟ
5
1 . رﺎﻳدﺎﺘﺳا هوﺮﮔ
،ﻲﻳﺎﻣﺎﻣ هﺪﻜﺸﻧاد يرﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ و
،ﻲﻳﺎﻣﺎﻣ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد مﻮﻠﻋ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ ﺪﻬﺸﻣ
2 . لﻮﺌﺴﻣ هﺪﻨﺴﻳﻮﻧ :
ﻲﻳﺎﻣﺎﻣ هوﺮﮔ ﻲﺑﺮﻣ
، ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ مﻮﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد نﺎﻬﻔﺻا
سﺎﻤﺗ ﻦﻔﻠﺗ : 03117922937 Email: [email protected]
3 . ﺪﻬﺸﻣ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ مﻮﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﻲﺘﺴﻳز رﺎﻣآ دﺎﺘﺳا
4 . رﺎﻳدﺎﺘﺳا هوﺮﮔ
،ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭙﻧاور تﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺰﻛﺮﻣ
ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭙﻧاور و
مﻮﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،يرﺎﺘﻓر مﻮﻠﻋ
ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ ﺪﻬﺸﻣ
5 . رﺎﻳدﺎﺘﺳا هوﺮﮔ ﺷزﻮﻣآ ﻲ
،ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧاور هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد
ﻲﺳودﺮﻓ ﺪﻬﺸﻣ
ﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ عﻮﻠﻃ
ﻪﻣﺎﻨﻫﺎﻣ ود ﻲﺸﻫوﮋﭘ ﻲﻤﻠﻋ
دﺰﻳ ﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ هﺪﻜﺸﻧاد ﻢﻫدﺰﻴﺳ لﺎﺳ
هرﺎﻤﺷ : ﻢﺠﻨﭘ
يد و رذآ 1393
ﻞﺴﻠﺴﻣ هرﺎﻤﺷ :
47
لﻮﺻو ﺦﻳرﺎﺗ :
3 / 8 / 1391
شﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﺦﻳرﺎﺗ :
19 / 12 / 1391 هﺪﻴﻜﭼ
ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ ﻲﻜﻳ ﻲﺘﺴﻳز و ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ،ﻲﻧاور تاﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻞﻴﻟد ﻪﺑ ﻲﻧاﻮﺟﻮﻧ هرود: زا
ﻲﻧاﺮﺤﺑ ﻪﺑ دﺮﻓﺮﻫ ﻲﮔﺪﻧز نارود ﻦﻳﺮﺗ
راﺮﻗ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﺖﺤﺗ ار ﻲﻠﻐﺷ و ﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗ دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ ﻪﻛ دور ﻲﻣ رﺎﻤﺷ ﺪﻫد
. ﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻳﺎﺠﻧآ زا
يﺎﻫرﻮﺤﻣ زا نازﻮﻣآ ﺶﻧاد ﻲﻧاور ﻢﻬﻣ
ﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ ﻲﻧاور ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ طﺎﺒﺗرا ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ فﺪﻫ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳا ،دور ﻲﻣ رﺎﻤﺷ ﻪﺑ
ﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا ﺪﻬﺸﻣ ﺮﻬﺷ زﻮﻣآ ﺶﻧاد ناﺮﺘﺧد رد ﻲﺘﺷاﺪﻬﺑ يﺎﻫرﺎﺘﻓر ﺎﺑ سﺮﺘﺳا و ﻲﮔدﺮﺴﻓا ،باﺮﻄﺿا .
ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ شور ﻲﻔﻴﺻﻮﺗ عﻮﻧ زا ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳا :
- يور ﺮﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﻲﻌﻄﻘﻣ 407
ﺮﺘﺧد نازﻮﻣآ ﺶﻧاد زا ﺮﻔﻧ
ﻪﺑ و ﺪﻬﺸﻣ ﺮﻬﺷ ﻲﻧﺎﺘﺳﺮﻴﺑد ﻖﻳﺮﻃ
يا ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ود ﻲﻟﺎﻤﺘﺣا يﺮﻴﮔ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ مﺎﺠﻧا
ﺪﺷ . ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ يﺎﻫﺪﺣاو يﺎﻫ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ
سد دراﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳا سﺎﻴﻘﻣ و ﻲﺘﺷاﺪﻬﺑ يﺎﻫرﺎﺘﻓر ،ﻲﮔداﻮﻧﺎﺧ ،يدﺮﻓ تﺎﺼﺨﺸﻣ ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ 21
ﻤﻜﺗ ار ﺪﻧدﻮﻤﻧ ﻞﻴ . ﺎﻫ هداد
ﺮﻧزا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ يرﺎﻣآراﺰﻓا م
SPSS ﻪﺨﺴﻧ 14 يرﺎﻣآ يﺎﻬﻧﻮﻣزآ و ﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا
.
ﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﻪﻛ داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ: 5
/ 56 % نازﻮﻣآ ﺶﻧاد زا 16
- 14
،لﺎﺳ 3 / 66 % ﻲﻧﺪﺑ هدﻮﺗ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ 99
/ 24 - 5 / 18
،ﻊﺑﺮﻣ ﺮﺘﻣ ﺮﺑ مﺮﮔﻮﻠﻴﻛ 6
/ 36 و ﻲﻜﻳﺰﻴﻓ ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﺪﺻرد 2
/ 83 ﺪﻨﺘﺷاد سﺎﻤﺗ رﺎﮕﻴﺳ دود ﺎﺑ ، .
7 / 21 % ،ﻲﮔدﺮﺴﻓا
3 / 24
% و باﺮﻄﺿا 8
/ 21 % ﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ سﺮﺘﺳا و باﺮﻄﺿا ﺎﺑ ﻦﺳ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻨﺘﺷاد ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ و ﺪﻳﺪﺷ سﺮﺘﺳا و ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﻲ
ﺎﺑ
ﺖﺷاد ﻲﻔﻨﻣ ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﻲﮔدﺮﺴﻓا ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﺮﻳﺎﺳ ﺎﺑ سﺮﺘﺳا و ﻲﮔدﺮﺴﻓا ،باﺮﻄﺿا ناﺰﻴﻣ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻪﻜﻴﻟﺎﺣرد.
هﺪﻳد ﺪﺸﻧ . يﺮﻴﮔ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﺮﻬﺷ يﺎﻬﻧﺎﺘﺳﺮﻴﺑد ﺮﺘﺧد نازﻮﻣآ ﺶﻧاد رد سﺮﺘﺳا و باﺮﻄﺿا ،ﻲﮔدﺮﺴﻓا ناﺰﻴﻣ ندﻮﺑﻻﺎﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗﺎﺑ:
ناﺮﺘﺧد ﻢﻬﻣ ﺶﻘﻧ و ﺪﻬﺸﻣ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ رد
ﻦﻳاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ﻲﻧاور يﺎﻫ هروﺎﺸﻣ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ زا يا هروﺎﺸﻣ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ مﺎﺠﻧا ،
رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗ و ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ءﺎﻘﺗرا
ﻧاد ﻲﻧاور نازﻮﻣآ ﺶ عﺎﺟرا و
نازﻮﻣآ ﺶﻧاد ﻪﺑ ﺮﺗﺪﻳﺪﺷ ﻢﺋﻼﻋ ياراد
ﻜﺷﺰﭘ ناور و ﻦﻴﺼﺼﺨﺘﻣ نﺎ
ﺳا يروﺮﺿ و مزﻻ تﻻﻼﺘﺧا نﺎﻣرد يﺮﻴﮕﻴﭘ ﺖﻬﺟ ﺖ
.
يﺪﻴﻠﻛ يﺎﻫ هژاو
،سﺮﺘﺳا ،باﺮﻄﺿا ،ﻲﮔدﺮﺴﻓا: نازﻮﻣآ ﺶﻧاد
ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ،
DASS
ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ ﻲﻧاﻮﺟﻮﻧ هرود ﻪﺑ دورو ﺎﺑ
تﻻﻮﺤﺗ ﻲﻘﻴﻤﻋ رﺎﻴﺴﺑ
زا ﺮﻈﻧ ﻲﺘﺴﻳز -
ﻲﻧاور و ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳا هاﺮﻤﻫ
ﺐﺟﻮﻣ ﻢﻬﺑ ندرﻮﺧ لدﺎﻌﺗ و
نزاﻮﺗ ﻲﻧﺎﻤﺴﺟ و ﻲﻧاور نﺎﻧآ هﺪﺷ ﻪﺑ ناﻮﻨﻋ نارود
،ناﺮﺤﺑ
،نﺎﻓﻮﻃ
،سﺮﺘﺳا هرود ﺶﻳاز ﺖﻳﻮﻫ ،هرﺎﺑود ﻲﺒﻠﻃ
دﺎﻳ هدﺮﻛ .ﺪﻧا
مﺪﻋ لدﺎﻌﺗ و ﻲﺑ ﻲﺗﺎﺒﺛ ﻲﻔﻃﺎﻋ ﻲﻜﻳ زا يﺎﻬﻴﮔﮋﻳو ﻦﻳﺮﺗزرﺎﺑ
هرود ﻲﻧاﻮﺟﻮﻧ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺴﻴﻟﺎﺣرد ﻦﻳا و ﺪﺷﺎﺒﻴﻣ يرﺎﻴﺴﺑ
زا ﺐﻴﺳآ
يﺎﻫ ﻲﻧاور رد نارود ﻲﻟﺎﺴﮔرﺰﺑ ﻪﻣادا
تﻼﻜﺸﻣ نارود
ﻲﻛدﻮﻛ
و ﻲﻧاﻮﺟﻮﻧ ﺖﺳا ) 6 - 1 .(
رد ﻊﻗاو رد رﺎﻨﻛ
ﻲﺷﻼﺗ ﻪﻛ ياﺮﺑ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﻲﻤﺴﺟ نازﻮﻣآ ﺶﻧاد
ﺪﻳﺎﺑ ،دﺮﻴﮔ ﻲﻣ مﺎﺠﻧا ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ
ﺐﻴﺳآ ﻲﻧﺎﺳر ﻪﺑ رﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﻲﺣور و
ﻲﻧاور نآ ار ﺎﻫ ﺮﺘﻬﺑ كرد دﺮﻛ ﺎﺗ ناﻮﺘﺑ هار ﻞﺣ ﻪﺘﺴﻳﺎﺷ يا ار
يﺮﻴﮕﺸﻴﭘ ياﺮﺑ و
ناﺮﺒﺟ نآ ﺎﻫ ﺖﻓﺎﻳ . ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﻪﻜﻳرﻮﻄﺑ ﻲﻧاور
زا
يﻮﺳ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻬﺟ (WHO)
ﻪﺑ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻲﻜﻳ زا لﻮﺻا
ﻪﻴﻟوا ﺖﺒﻗاﺮﻣ يﺎﻫ ﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ ﻲﻧاور داﺪﻤﻠﻗ ﻲﻣ دﻮﺷ ) 7 .(
نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ شراﺰﮔ ﻖﺒﻃ ﻪﻫد ود لﻮﻃ رد نﺎﻬﺟ ،ﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻬﺟ
و ﺎﻫ يرﺎﻤﻴﺑ يژﻮﻟﻮﻴﻣﺪﻴﭘا ﻪﻨﻴﻣز رد يا هﺪﻤﻋ تاﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﺪﻫﺎﺷ هﺪﻨﻳآ ﺮﻴﮔاو ﺮﻴﻏ يﺎﻬﻳرﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻪﻛ يا ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺳا داﺮﻓا ﻲﺘﺷاﺪﻬﺑ يﺎﻫزﺎﻴﻧ ﻦﻳﺰﮕﻳﺎﺟ ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻧاور يﺎﻬﻳرﺎﻤﻴﺑ نﻮﭽﻤﻫ ﻲﻧﻮﻔﻋ يﺎﻬﻳرﺎﻤﻴﺑ
و گﺮﻣ هﺪﻨﻨﻛ دﺎﺠﻳا ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﺖﺳﺮﻬﻓ رد ﻪﻛ هﺪﻳدﺮﮔ راد ﺮﻴﮔاو و ﺖﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ داﺮﻓا ﺮﻴﻣ .
هرودﺮﮔا ي ﻲﻧاﻮﺟﻮﻧ نوﺪﺑ ﻞﻜﺸﻣ يﺮﭙﺳ
دﻮﺷ ناﻮﺟﻮﻧ ﻲﻟﺎﺴﮔرﺰﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻢﻟﺎﺳ
ﻞﻳﺪﺒﺗ ﺪﻫاﻮﺧ ﺪﺷ ) 8 .(
رد ﻦﻳا ﻦﻜﻤﻣ نارود ﺖﺳا
ﺎﻨﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻞﻳﻻد ﻲﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣ زا ﻪﻠﻤﺟ ﻞﻣﺎﻜﺗ
و ﻲﻤﺴﺟ
،ﻲﺴﻨﺟ تﺎﺳﺎﺴﺣا ﻲﻃاﺮﻓا
، يﻮﺠﺘﺴﺟ
،ﺖﻳﻮﻫ سﺮﺗ
ﺖﻴﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣزا
،يﺮﻳﺬﭘ هﺮﻬﻟد دورو ﻪﺑ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﺎﻳ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا و ﻞﻏﺎﺸﻣ
ﻲﺧﺮﺑ ﻞﺋﺎﺴﻣ ﺮﮕﻳد ﺖﺤﺗ يﺎﻫرﺎﺸﻓ ﻲﻧاور يدﺎﻳز ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ و
ﻪﺑ تﺪﺷ
رد ضﺮﻌﻣ ﺐﻴﺳآ ﻲﻧاور ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ) 5 .(
مﺪﻋ ﺖﻘﻴﻘﺣرد
ﺖﻓﺮﺸﻴﭘ زا ﻲﻧاور ﺖﻣﻼﺳ و لﺎﻤﻋا مﺎﺠﻧا ﻲﻳﺎﻧاﻮﺗ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ و يو
ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ دﻮﺧ و هدﻮﻤﻧ يﺮﻴﮔﻮﻠﺟ دراد هﺪﻬﻋ ﺮﺑ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻔﻳﺎﻇو يﺪﻌﺑ بﻮﻠﻄﻣﺎﻧ ﺐﻗاﻮﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺠﻨﻣ و ﻞﺘﺨﻣ ار ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ دﻮﺷ ) 9 .(
هدﻮﺑ ردﺎﻧ رﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﻲﻧاﻮﺟﻮﻧ زا ﺶﻴﭘ هرود رد ﻲﻧاور تﻻﻼﺘﺧا عﻮﻴﺷ
ﻲﻧاﻮﺟﻮﻧ هرود رد ﻪﻜﻴﻟﺎﺣ رد دراﺪﻧ ﻲﺗوﺎﻔﺗ ﺲﻨﺟ ود ﺮﻫ رد و ﺎﺑ
نﺎﻴﻣ ﻦﻳا رد و ﻪﺘﻓر ﻲﻧوﺰﻓ ﻪﺑ ور يﺪﻨﺗ رﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﺐﻴﺷ ناﺮﺘﺧد
ﺖﺒﺴﻧ
ﻪﺑ ناﺮﺴﭘ ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ عﻮﻴﺷ زا لﻼﺘﺧا
ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻪﻛ هدﻮﺑ رادرﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﻲﻧاور
ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﺮﺗﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﺐﻴﺳآ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا و ﻲﻧاور ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﻪﺑ .
ﺑ ﻪ
ناﺮﺴﭘ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ناﺮﺘﺧد يﺮﻴﮔرد ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻪﻜﻳرﻮﻃ 3
/ 1 ﻪﺑ 1
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ) 10 .(
،سﺮﺘﺳا ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻌﻳﺎﺷ زا باﺮﻄﺿا و ﻲﮔدﺮﺴﻓا
ﺮﮕﻳﺪﻜﻳ ﺎﺑ لﻼﺘﺧا ﻪﺳ ﻦﻳا ﻪﻛ هدﻮﺑ نارود ﻦﻳا رد تﻻﻼﺘﺧا ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ) 11 .(
ﻪﺑ ناﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ فﻼﺘﺧا ﻦﻳا ﻞﻳﻻد زا ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ
و ﻲﻜﻳژﻮﻟﻮﻴﺑ ﺶﻘﻧ
ﺲﻨﺟ و سﺮﺘﺳا يﺎﻫ ﻲﻄﻴﺤﻣ و دوﺪﺤﻣ ندﻮﺑ
ﺖﻳﺎﺿر ﻊﺒﻨﻣ و
ﻢﻫ ﻦﻴﻨﭼ ﺖﻳدوﺪﺤﻣ ﺖﻛرﺎﺸﻣ
ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ناﺮﺘﺧد
رد رﺎﺷا ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ دﺮﻛ ه
) 14 - 12 .(
ﻦﻳا رد ﻲﻧاور تﻻﻼﺘﺧا دﻮﺟو
ﺎﺑ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ و ﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ ﻪﻨﻴﻣز رد ﻲﺗﻼﻜﺸﻣ ﺮﺑ هوﻼﻋ هرود ،ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﻂﺑاور رد لﻼﺘﺧا ﻪﻠﻤﺟ زا يﺮﮕﻳد يﺪﺟ يﺎﻫﺪﻣﺎﻴﭘ ﻲﺘﻳﺎﺿرﺎﻧ ،ﻲﻨﻫذ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ زا ﻲﺘﻳﺎﺿرﺎﻧ ،ﻪﺳرﺪﻣ دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ رد ﻒﻌﺿ ﻣ درد ،ﻚﻴﻟﻮﺑﺎﺘﻣ مرﺪﻨﺳ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﻲﻤﺴﺟ يﺎﻬﻳرﺎﻤﻴﺑ و دﻮﺧ زا ﻦﻣﺰ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ هاﺮﻤﻫ )
19 - 15 .(
دﻮﻤﺤﻣ ﺎﺟر ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻲﻧاور تﻻﻼﺘﺧا عﻮﻴﺷ ﺎﺑ طﺎﺒﺗرا رد raja )
mahmood ) (
2011 ( ﻪﻛ داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﻲﺑد رد 29
ناﺮﺘﺧد زا ﺪﺻرد
،ﻲﮔدﺮﺴﻓا 27
و باﺮﻄﺿا ﺪﺻرد 24
ﺪﻨﺘﺷاد سﺮﺘﺳا ﺪﺻرد )
16 .(
ﺎﺗﺎﻣ ﻲﺷﺎﻳﺎﻫ Hayashi Maya)
لﺎﺳ رد ( 2008 رد رد ﻦﭘاژ
40 دﻮﻤﻧ شراﺰﮔ ﺪﺻرد )
17 .(
ﻦﻳﺪﻟا ﺲﻤﺷ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ )
Shamsuddin 2013)(
( يﺰﻟﺎﻣ رد
ﻪﻛ داد نﺎﺸﻧ 36
و ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ و ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﻲﮔدﺮﺴﻓا ناﺮﺘﺧد زا ﺪﺻرد
63 و ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ و ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ باﺮﻄﺿا ﺪﺻرد 23
و ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ سﺮﺘﺳا ﺪﺻرد
ﺪﻨﺘﺷاد ار ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ )
18 .(
ناﺮﻳﺎﺑ ) Bayram (
2008) ( ﺗ رد ﺰﻴﻧ ﻪﻴﻛﺮ
داد نﺎﺸﻧ 48 ،ﻲﮔدﺮﺴﻓا ناﺮﺘﺧد زا ﺪﺻرد 64
و باﺮﻄﺿا ﺪﺻرد
42 ﺪﻨﺘﺷاد سﺮﺘﺳا ﺪﺻرد )
19 .(
ﺎﺿﺮﻴﻠﻋ نﺎﻴﻧﺎﻄﻠﺳ و نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ )
1385 ( ار ﻲﻧاور تﻻﻼﺘﺧا عﻮﻳ
دوﺪﺣ ﺮﻬﺷﻮﺑ ﺮﻬﺷ ناﺮﺘﺧد رد 44
دﺮﻛ شراﺰﮔ ﺪﺻرد )
20 .(
نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ و ﻲﻤﺷﺎﻫ )
1382 ( ناﺮﺘﺧد رد ار ﻲﮔدﺮﺴﻓا عﻮﻴﺷ
جﻮﺳﺎﻳ ﺮﻬﺷ 2
/ 69 دﻮﻤﻧ شراﺰﮔ ﺪﺻرد )
21 .(
و يزﺎﻨﻬﺷ
نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ ) 1387 ( رد ار ﻲﮔدﺮﺴﻓا عﻮﻴﺷ ﺰﻴﻧ 364
ناﺮﺘﺧد زا ﺮﻔﻧ
ار ﺰﻳﺮﺒﺗ ﺮﻬﺷ يﺎﻬﻧﺎﺘﺳﺮﻴﺑد 75
دﻮﻤﻧ شراﺰﮔ ﺪﺻرد )
22 .(
ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ
ﻲﺤﻟﺎﺻ ) 1391 ( ﻪﻛ داد نﺎﺸﻧ نﺎﺠﻧز رد 8
ﻢﺋﻼﻋ ناﺮﺘﺧد زا ﺪﺻرد
ﺪﻨﺘﺷاد ﻲﮔدﺮﺴﻓا و باﺮﻄﺿا )
23 .(
ﺰﻴﻧ هﺪﺷ ﺮﻛذ دراﻮﻣ ﺮﺑ هوﻼﻋ نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ و ﻲﺘﻌﻓر ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ
) 1391 (
و ﻲﺘﻣﻼﺳ يﺎﻫ ﻪﺼﺨﺸﻣ زا ﻲﺧﺮﺑ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻪﻛ داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﺖﻓﺮﻴﺟ رد ناور ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﻲﻠﻛ هﺮﻤﻧ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻧﺪﺑ هدﻮﺗ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ زا ﻲﺘﺷاﺪﻬﺑ ﺪﺸﻧ ﺖﻓﺎﻳ يراد ﻲﻨﻌﻣ يرﺎﻣا ﻪﻄﺑار )
24 ( ﻪﻜﻴﻟﺎﺣ رد ﺞﻳﺮﻟوا
نﺎﺟ
و نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ ) 2005 ( طﺎﺒﺗرا ﻲﻨﻌﻣ يراد ﻦﻴﺑ ﻲﮔدﺮﺴﻓا لﻼﺘﺧا و
ﻪﻓﺎﺿا نزو اﺪﻴﭘ ﺪﻧدﺮﻜﻧ ) 25 ( ﺮﭙﻣﻻ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ. )
Lamper (
ﻲﻘﺘﻣ و ) 1384 ( نازﻮﻣا ﺶﻧاد ناور ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧداد نﺎﺸﻧ
دﻮﺟو يراد ﻲﻨﻌﻣ يرﺎﻣا ﻪﻄﺑار ردﺎﻣ تﻼﻴﺼﺤﺗ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺎﺑ ﺖﺷاد
)
,27 26
.(
رﻮﺸﻛ ﻲﻠﻛ رﻮﻄﺑ ﺎﻣ
يﺎﻫرﻮﺸﻛ ءﺰﺟ ناﻮﺟ
و رد
لﺎﺣ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ بﻮﺴﺤﻣ ﻲﻣ
،ددﺮﮔ يدﺎﻳز داﺪﻌﺗ ﻪﻛ زا
ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ نآ ﻪﻄﺳﻮﺘﻣ
ﻪﻛ سﺎﺴﺣ هرود ﻲﻧاﻮﺟ
ار يﺮﭙﺳ ﻲﻣ ﺪﻨﻨﻛ . ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ
يﺎﻫزﺎﻴﻧ ﻲﺘﺷاﺪﻬﺑ نﺎﻧاﻮﺟﻮﻧ
يﺎﻬﻳﺪﻨﻣزﺎﻴﻧ صﻮﺼﺨﺑ ﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ
ﻲﻧاور ﻦﻳا
،ﻞﺴﻧ يﺎﻬﺘﻳﻮﻟوا زا ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ
يﺎﻫ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ رﻮﺸﻛ
ﻲﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ) 28 .(
موﺰﻟ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻦﻳاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ﻚﻳ
ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ
ﻲﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﺖﻬﺟ داﺮﻓا
رد ضﺮﻌﻣ ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ رد و ﺮﻄﺧ ﻲﮔﮋﻳو
ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ صﺎﺧ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ،ﻲﻧاﻮﺟﻮﻧ
ﻪﺑ ﻦﻳا ﺮﺸﻗ و ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ تﻼﻜﺸﻣ
ﺎﻬﻧآ
ًﺎﺻﻮﺼﺧ رد ي ﻪﻨﻴﻣز ﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ زا نآ ﺮﺑ ﺮﺛﻮﻣ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ و ﻲﻧاور
يدﺮﻓ تﺎﺼﺨﺸﻣ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ /
ﻲﺘﺷاﺪﻬﺑ ﻲﺘﺷاﺪﻬﺑ يﺎﻫرﺎﺘﻓر و ﻲﮔداﻮﻧﺎﺧ
ﺗ فﺪﻫ ﺎﺑ يا ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺎﺗ ﺪﺷ نآ ﺮﺑ ﺮﮕﺸﻫوﮋﭘ طﺎﺒﺗرا ﻦﻴﻴﻌ
ﺶﻧاد رد ﻲﺘﺷاﺪﻬﺑ يﺎﻫرﺎﺘﻓر ﺎﺑ سﺮﺘﺳا و باﺮﻄﺿا ،ﻲﮔدﺮﺴﻓا ﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗ لﺎﺳ رد ﺪﻬﺸﻣ ﺮﻬﺷ يﺎﻬﻧﺎﺘﺳﺮﻴﺑد ﺮﺘﺧد نازﻮﻣآ
91 - 1390 ﺪﻫد مﺎﺠﻧا .
ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ شور
ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻚﻳ
ﻲﻌﻄﻘﻣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ يور ﺮﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳا
407 ﺶﻧاد
ﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗ لﺎﺳ رد نﺎﺘﺳﺮﻴﺑد مرﺎﻬﭼ ﺎﺗ لوا ﻊﻄﻘﻣ ﺮﺘﺧد زﻮﻣآ
91 - 1390 ﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا . داﺪﻌﺗ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ دوﺪﺣ 384 ﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳد ﻪﺑ
بﺎﺴﺘﺣا 10 % دوﺪﺣ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ شﺰﻳر 420
ﺶﻧاد ناﺮﺘﺧد زا ﺮﻔﻧ
ﺪﺷ دروآﺮﺑ زﻮﻣآ z1 ).
= نﺎﻨﻴﻤﻃا ﺐﻳﺮﺿ 95
% ﻲﻨﻌﻳ 96 / 1 ﺖﺳا .
=Z2 نﻮﻣزآ ناﻮﺗ ﺐﻳﺮﺿ 80
% ﻲﻨﻌﻳ 84 ./
ﺖﺳا r. = زا يدروآﺮﺑ
باﺮﻄﺿا ،ﻲﮔدﺮﺴﻓا و ﻦﺳ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﺐﻳﺮﺿ ﺖﺳا سﺮﺘﺳا و
دوﺪﺣ ﻪﻛ 14
/ 0 ﺪﺷ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ .
ترﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ يﺮﻴﮔ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ شور
يا ﻪﺷﻮﺧ - داﺪﻋا لوﺪﺟ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ترﻮﺼﻨﻳا ﻪﺑ سﺮﺘﺳدرد
ﺮﻫ زا فدﺎﺼﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻓدﺎﺼﺗ 6
نﺎﺘﺳا شروﺮﭘ و شزﻮﻣآ ﻪﻴﺣﺎﻧ
نﺎﺘﺳﺮﻴﺑد ﻚﻳ يﻮﺿر نﺎﺳاﺮﺧ ﻪﺷﻮﺧ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ
ﺪﺷ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا .
ﻧا فدﺎﺼﺗ ﻪﺑ نﺎﺘﺳﺮﻴﺑد ﻚﺑ ﻪﻴﺣﺎﻧ ﺮﻫ زا ﺲﭙﺳ ﺪﺷ بﺎﺨﺘ
) ﻢﺠﺣ
داﺪﻌﺗ نﺎﺘﺳﺮﻴﺑد ﺮﻫ رد ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ 70
ﺪﺷ هدز ﻦﻴﻤﺨﺗ زﻮﻣآ ﺶﻧاد (
و
ﻪﺘﺷر ﺮﻫ رد نﺎﺘﺳﺮﻴﺑد ﺮﻫ زا )
تﺎﻴﺑدا و ﻲﺿﺎﻳر ،ﻲﺑﺮﺠﺗ (
داﺪﻌﺗ 23
ﺪﻧﺪﺷ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا سﺮﺘﺳد رد ترﻮﺼﺑ ﺮﻔﻧ .
و هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد قﻼﺧا ﻪﺘﻴﻤﻛ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﺪﻴﻳﺄﺗزا ﺲﭘ ﺮﮔ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻳﺎﻣﺎﻣ و يرﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ هﺪﻜﺸﻧاد زا ﻪﻣﺎﻧ ﻲﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﺐﺴﻛ ﻪﺋارا و ﺪﻬﺸﻣ ﻲ
ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ نﺎﻣز ﺖﻬﺟ ﻲﮕﻨﻫﺎﻤﻫ و ﺮﻈﻧ درﻮﻣ سراﺪﻣ ﻦﻴﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﻪﺑ نآ يﺮﻴﮔ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻪﺑ ماﺪﻗا ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ درﻮﻣ راﺰﺑا و
ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ مﺎﺠﻧا دﻮﻤﻧ
.
و هدﺮﻛ ﻪﻌﺟاﺮﻣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ يﺎﻫ ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺮﮕﺸﻫوﮋﭘ ﻚﻤﻛ ﺲﭙﺳ ﺖﻳﺎﺿر مﺮﻓ زا فﺪﻫ و هداد راﺮﻗ زﻮﻣآ ﺶﻧادرﺎﻴﺘﺧارد ار ﻪﻧﺎﻫﺎﮔآ
ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ مﺎﺠﻧا ار
نﺎﻧآ ﻪﺑ داد ﺢﻴﺿﻮﺗ .
ﺪﺟاو ترﻮﺻ رد و ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ يﺎﻫﺪﺣاو ﺖﻳﺎﺿر ترﻮﺻ رد ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ياﺮﺑ ندﻮﺑ ﻂﻳاﺮﺷ )
ﺔﻘﺑﺎﺳ مﺪﻋ ،ﺪﻬﺸﻣ ﺮﻬﺷ ﻦﻛﺎﺳ ،ﻲﻧاﺮﻳا
ﺮﻴﻈﻧ ﻚﺷﺰﭘ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ هﺪﺷ هداد ﺺﻴﺨﺸﺗ ﻲﺒﻃ يرﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻼﺘﺑا :
،ﺰﻴﻓﻮﭙﻴﻫ يﺎﻫرﻮﻣﻮﺗ ،ﮓﻨﻴﺷﻮﻛ يرﺎﻤﻴﺑ ،ﺪﻴﺋوﺮﻴﺗ تﻻﻼﺘﺧا ،ﺖﺑﺎﻳد ﺣ ﻪﺑﺮﺠﺗ مﺪﻋ ،ﻲﻠﺳﺎﻨﺗ هﺎﮕﺘﺳد يﺎﻬﻳرﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻪﺛدﺎ
ﺎﻳ راﻮﮔﺎﻧ يا
سﺮﺘﺳا ﺮﻴﻈﻧ از : ﺪﻳﺪﺷ تﻻﻼﺘﺧا ،ﻚﻳ ﻪﺟرد ماﻮﻗا تﻮﻓ
ﻲﻃ ﻲﮔﺪﻧز ﻊﺿو ةﺪﻤﻋ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ،ﻲﻟﺎﻣ تﻼﻜﺸﻣ ،ﻲﮔداﻮﻧﺎﺧ 6
هﺎﻣ
ﺮﻴﺧا ( ﺪﻧدﻮﻤﻧ ﻞﻴﻤﻜﺗ ار ﻪﻃﻮﺑﺮﻣ يﺎﻫ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ .
شور ﻊﻤﺟ يﺎﻫ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻞﻴﻤﻜﺗ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ تﺎﻋﻼﻃا يروآ
2 ﻲﺘﻤﺴﻗ
دﻮﺑ . ﻞﻣﺎﺷ لوا ﺖﻤﺴﻗ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳا ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻦﻳا ﻪﺑ تﺎﺼﺨﺸﻣ
يدﺮﻓ / ﻲﮔداﻮﻧﺎﺧ )
ﻲﻧﺪﺑ هدﻮﺗ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ،ﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗ ﻊﻄﻘﻣ ،ﻦﺳ
) رد هﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا يﺮﻴﮔ هزاﺪﻧا ﻦﻳﺮﺧا رد ﻲﺷراﺰﮔدﻮﺧ ترﻮﺼﺑ
ﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ ﻲﺑﺮﻣ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ سراﺪﻣ (
يدﺎﺼﺘﻗا ﺖﻴﻌﺿو،
- ،ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا
ردﺎﻣ و ﻞﻐﺷ ،ردﺎﻣ تﻼﻴﺼﺤﺗ ناﺰﻴﻣ (
ﺎﺑ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ يﺎﻫرﺎﺘﻓر و
ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ) ،ﻪﻧازور و ﻪﻧﺎﺒﺷ باﻮﺧ تﺎﻋﺎﺳ ،ﻪﺘﻔﻫرد شزرو تﺎﻋﺎﺳ
رﺎﮕﻴﺳ دود ﺎﺑ سﺎﻤﺗ (
دراﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳا ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ مود ﺖﻤﺴﻗ ، سﺮﺘﺳا و باﺮﻄﺿا ،ﻲﮔدﺮﺴﻓا
) سد 21 )(
21 لاﻮﺳ ( ﻂﺳﻮﺗ
ﺪﻳدﺮﮔ ﻞﻴﻤﻜﺗ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ يﺎﻫﺪﺣاو .
سﺮﺘﺳا ،باﺮﻄﺿا ،ﻲﮔدﺮﺴﻓا سﺎﻴﻘﻣ )
سد 21 :(
ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻦﻳا
ﺐﻟﺎﻗرد 21 ﻲﮔدﺮﺴﻓا ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳا لاﺆﺳ )
7 ﺆﺳ لا ( باﺮﻄﺿا ،
) 7 لاﺆﺳ ( سﺮﺘﺳا و )
7 لاﺆﺳ ( ﻲﻣ ار ﺪﺠﻨﺳ . ﺮﻫ ياﺮﺑ تازﺎﻴﺘﻣا
سﺎﻴﻘﻣ ﺎﺑ ترﺎﺒﻋ 4
يا ﻪﻄﻘﻧ
ًﻼﺻا زا تﺮﻜﻴﻟ )
هﺮﻤﻧ 0 ( ﻲﻠﻴﺧ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﮔﺎﺗ
دﺎﻳز ) هﺮﻤﻧ 3 ( هﺮﻤﻧ ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ يراﺬﮔ .
ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ تﻻاﺆﺳ
ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻲﮔدﺮﺴﻓا :
17 ، 16 ، 13 ، 10 ، 5 ، 3 باﺮﻄﺿا ؛ :
20 ، 19 ، 15 ،
9 ، 7 ، 4 ، 2 سﺮﺘﺳا و : 18 ، 14 ، 12 ، 11 ، 8 ، 6 ، 1 ﻲﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ .
زا سﺮﺘﺳا و باﺮﻄﺿا ،ﻲﮔدﺮﺴﻓا هﺮﻤﻧ ﻒﻴﻃ 0
ﺎﺗ 21 ﻲﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ .
هﺮﻤﻧ ﻪﻜﻳرﻮﻄﺑ 8
- 6 ، 5 - 4 و 6 - 5 و باﺮﻄﺿا ،ﻲﮔدﺮﺴﻓا ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ
زا ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ هﺮﻤﻧ و ﻒﻴﻔﺧ سﺮﺘﺳا 14
زا ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ، 10
زا ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ و 17
ﻪﺑ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﺪﻳﺪﺷ رﺎﻴﺴﺑ سﺮﺘﺳا و باﺮﻄﺿا ،ﻲﮔدﺮﺴﻓا ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ .
ﻲﻳاور يدﺮﻓ تﺎﺼﺨﺸﻣ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ /
ﻲﮔداﻮﻧﺎﺧ /
ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ و
ﺪﺷ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ اﻮﺘﺤﻣ ﻲﻳاور شور ﻪﺑ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﺎﺑ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ يﺎﻫرﺎﺘﻓر .
ﻪﺑ
رد تﻻﺎﻘﻣ و ﺐﺘﻛ ﻦﻳﺮﺗﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺎﺑ راﺰﺑا ﻦﻳا ﻪﻛ ترﻮﺻ ﻦﻳا رﺎﻴﺘﺧا رد ﻲﺑﺎﻳزرا ﺖﻬﺟ ﺲﭙﺳ و ﻪﻴﻬﺗ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ عﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﻪﻨﻴﻣز 5 ﺖﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ﺪﻴﺗﺎﺳا و ناﺮﻈﻨﺒﺣﺎﺻ زا ﺮﻔﻧ .
اﺮﺑ هوﻼﻋ سد ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻦﻳ 21
رد ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳا ﺎﻳﺎﭘ و اور يراﺰﺑا ﺰﻴﻧ
يدﺎﻫﻼﻣ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ زا ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ )
1389 (
، يدﻮﻤﺤﻣ ) 1389 (
،
يدﺮﻛ ) 1390 ( ﻲﻧﺎﻳردا و ) 1386 ( ﻲﻳﺎﻳﺎﭘ و ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ﺪﻴﻳﺎﺗ درﻮﻣ
آ ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﺐﻳﺮﺿ ﺎﺑ ن 95
/ 0 ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﺪﻴﻳﺎﺗ )
32 - 29 .(
و ﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ
هداد ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ اد ﻲﺗ يرﺎﻣآ يﺎﻬﻧﻮﻣزآ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﺎﻫ
ﺰﻴﻟﺎﻧآ ،ﻲﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧ
زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ نﻮﺳﺮﻴﭘ ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﺐﻳﺮﺿ و ﻪﻓﺮﻃ ﻚﻳ ﺲﻧﺎﻳراو مﺮﻧ يرﺎﻣآراﺰﻓا ﻪﺨﺴﻧ SPSS
14 ﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا . ياﺮﺑ نآ ﺮﺑ هوﻼﻋ
ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻲﻔﻴﺻﻮﺗ رﺎﻣآ زا ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﺪﺣاو تﺎﺼﺨﺸﻣ ﻒﻴﺻﻮﺗ
ﻲﻨﻌﻣ زا ﺮﺘﻤﻛ يراد 05
/ 0 ﺮﮔﺮﻈﻧ رد ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓ
.
ﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ نازﻮﻣآ ﺶﻧاد ﻦﺳ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ 03
/ ±1 24 / 16 و ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻤﻛ ﻪﻛ دﻮﺑ لﺎﺳ
ﻦﺳ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ 14
و 19 دﻮﺑ لﺎﺳ . 386 ﺮﻔﻧ ) 8 / 94 (%
ناردﺎﻣ زا
و ﻲﻫﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﺮﻴﻏ تﻼﻴﺼﺤﺗ ناﺮﺘﺧد 21
ﺮﻔﻧ ) 3 / 5 (%
تﻼﻴﺼﺤﺗ
ﺪﻨﺘﺷاد ﻲﻫﺎﮕﺸﻧاد .
ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ 38 ﺮﻔﻧ ) 4 / 9 (%
و ﻞﻏﺎﺷ ناردﺎﻣ زا 369
ﺮﻔﻧ ) 6 / 90 (%
ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ ﻞﻏﺎﺷﺮﻴﻏ .
يدﺮﻓ تﺎﺼﺨﺸﻣ ﺮﻳﺎﺳ ﻲﻧاواﺮﻓ ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ /
ﻲﮔداﻮﻧﺎﺧ
لوﺪﺟ رد ﻲﺘﺷاﺪﻬﺑ يﺎﻫرﺎﺘﻓر و 1
ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ هدروآ .
ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ سﺮﺘﺳا و باﺮﻄﺿا ،ﻲﮔدﺮﺴﻓا ﻲﻠﻛ هﺮﻤﻧ رﺎﻴﻌﻣ فاﺮﺤﻧا
ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ) 02 /
± 0 02 / 7 ( ، ) 01 /
± 0 4 / 4 ( ، ) 04 /
±0 5 / 5 ( دﻮﺑ .
186 ﺮﻔﻧ ) 7 / 45 ﺪﺻرد ( ﺶﻧاد زا ،باﺮﻄﺿا نوﺪﺑ نازﻮﻣآ 181
ﺮﻔﻧ
) 5 / 44 ﺪﺻرد ( و ﻲﮔدﺮﺴﻓا نوﺪﺑ 215
ﺮﻔﻧ ) 8 / 52 ﺪﺻرد ( نوﺪﺑ
ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ سﺮﺘﺳا )
لوﺪﺟ 2 .(
ناﺰﻴﻣ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻪﻛ داد نﺎﺸﻧ نﻮﺳﺮﻴﭘ ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﺐﻳﺮﺿ نﻮﻣزآ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺖﺷاد دﻮﺟو ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﻦﺳ ﺎﺑ سﺮﺘﺳا و ﻲﮔدﺮﺴﻓا ،باﺮﻄﺿا ﻪﻜﻳرﻮﻄﺑ 15
ﻦﺳ ﺎﺑ ناﺮﺘﺧد زا ﺪﺻرد 19
- 16 دﺮﺴﻓا لﺎﺳ ﻲﮔ
،ﺪﻳﺪﺷ 12 و ﺪﻳﺪﺷ باﺮﻄﺿا ﺪﺻرد 16
ﺪﻳﺪﺷ سﺮﺘﺳا ﺪﺻرد
ﺪﻨﺘﺷاد . ) 41 / r=0
، 013 /
; p=0 54 / 0 r=-
، 001 /
; p=0 81 / r=0
، 003 / p=0 (
ﻪﻛ داد نﺎﺸﻧ نﻮﺳﺮﻴﭘ ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﺐﻳﺮﺿ نﻮﻣزآ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻦﻳاﺮﺑ هوﻼﻋ ،ﻲﻧﺪﺑ هدﻮﺗ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺎﺑ سﺮﺘﺳا و ﻲﮔدﺮﺴﻓا ،باﺮﻄﺿا ناﺰﻴﻣ ﻦﻴﺑ
،ﻪﻧﺎﺒﺷ باﻮﺧ تﺪﻣ ،ﻪﻧازور باﻮﺧ تﺪﻣ ﻲﺷزرو ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ تﺪﻣ
ﺖﺷاﺪﻧ دﻮﺟو ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ .
ﻦﻴﺑ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻲﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧاد ﻲﺗ نﻮﻣزآ سﺎﺳاﺮﺑ ﺪﺸﻧ ﺖﻓﺎﻳ يراد ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻪﻄﺑار ردﺎﻣ تﻼﻴﺼﺤﺗ ،ردﺎﻣ
.
لوﺪﺟ 1 : يدﺮﻓ تﺎﺼﺨﺸﻣ ﻲﻧاواﺮﻓ ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ /
يﺎﻫرﺎﺘﻓر و ﻲﮔداﻮﻧﺎﺧ
ﻲﺘﺷاﺪﻬﺑ
ﺎﻫﺮﻴﻌﺘﻣ داﺪﻌﺗ
) ﺪﺻرد (
ﻦﺳ ) لﺎﺳ (
16 - 14 230
) 5 / 56 (
19 - 17 177
) 5 / 43 (
ﻲﻧﺪﺑ هدﻮﺗ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ (kg/m2)
44>
/ 18 89
) 9 / 21 (
99 / 24 - 5 / 18 270
) 3 / 66 (
99 / 29 - 25 48
) 8 / 11 (
يدﺎﺼﺘﻗا ﺖﻴﻌﺿو -
ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا
ﻒﻴﻌﺿ 20
) 9 / 4 (
ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ 357
) 7 / 87 (
بﻮﺧ 30
) 4 / 7 (
ﻪﻧﺎﺒﺷ باﻮﺧ ﺖﻋﺎﺳ
394 ≥ ) 87 (
13 <
) 13 (
باﻮﺧ ﺖﻋﺎﺳ ﻪﻧازور
307 ≥ ) 75 (
100 <
) 25 (
ﻪﺘﻔﻫ رد ﻲﻜﻳﺰﻴﻓ ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ )
ﺖﻋﺎﺳ (
ﻲﻠﺑ 149
) 6 / 36 (
ﺮﻴﺧ 258
) 4 / 63 (
ﻲﻜﻳﺰﻴﻓ ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ تﺪﻣ )
ﻪﻘﻴﻗد (
79 ≥ ) 02 / 53 (
70 <
) 98 / 56 (
رﺎﮕﻴﺳدود ضﺮﻌﻣرد
ﻲﻠﺑ 339
) 2 / 83 (
ﺮﻴﺧ 68
) 8 / 16 (
لوﺪﺟ 2 : ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ سﺮﺘﺳا و ﻲﮔدﺮﺴﻓا ،باﺮﻄﺿا تﺪﺷ ﺐﺴﺣ ﺮﺑ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ يﺎﻫﺪﺣاو ﻲﻧاواﺮﻓ
سﺮﺘﺳا ،ﻲﮔدﺮﺴﻓا ،باﺮﻄﺿا تﺪﺷ باﺮﻄﺿا
داﺪﻌﺗ ) ﺪﺻرد ( ﻲﮔدﺮﺴﻓا
داﺪﻌﺗ ) ﺪﺻرد ( سﺮﺘﺳا
داﺪﻌﺗ ) ﺪﺻرد (
ﻢﺋﻼﻋ نوﺪﺑ
186 ) 7 / 45 ( 181
) 5 / 44 ( 215
) 8 / 52 (
ﻒﻴﻔﺧ 76
) 7 / 18 ( 56
) 8 / 13 ( 50
) 3 / 12 (
ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ 46
) 3 / 11 ( 82
) 1 / 20 ( 53
) 0 / 13 (
ﺪﻳﺪﺷ رﺎﻴﺴﺑ و ﺪﻳﺪﺷ 99
) 3 / 24 ( 88
) 7 / 21 ( 89
) 8 / 21 (
ﻞﻛ 407
) 0 / 100 ( 407 ) 0 / 100 ( 407 ) 0 / 100 (
،باﺮﻄﺿا هﺮﻤﻧ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺲﻧﺎﻳراو ﺰﻴﻟﺎﻧآ نﻮﻣزآ سﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ و يدﺎﺼﺘﻗا ﺖﻴﻌﺿو ،ﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗ ﻊﻄﻘﻣ ﺎﺑ سﺮﺘﺳا و ﻲﮔدﺮﺴﻓا ﺪﺸﻧ ﺖﻓﺎﻳ يراد ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻪﻄﺑار ﺰﻴﻧ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا .
يﺮﻴﮔ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ و ﺚﺤﺑ
ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻲﻧاور تﻻﻼﺘﺧا يﻻﺎﺑ ناﺰﻴﻣ ﺪﻳﻮﻣ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ يﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺶﻧاد ﻦﻴﺑرد سﺮﺘﺳا و باﺮﻄﺿا ،ﻲﮔدﺮﺴﻓا ﺮﺘﺧد نازﻮﻣآ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﺪﻬﺸﻣ ﺮﻬﺷ يﺎﻬﻧﺎﺘﺳﺮﻴﺑد )
7 / 21 ،ﻲﮔدﺮﺴﻓا ﺪﺻرد
3 / 24 و باﺮﻄﺿاﺪﺻرد 1
/ 47 سﺮﺘﺳا ﺪﺻرد .(
تﻻﻼﺘﺧا ﻦﻴﺑ رد
هوﺮﮔ ﺖﺤﺗ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺶﻴﺑ زا ﺮﻳﺎﺳ داﺮﻓا ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﻪﻜﻳرﻮﻄﺑ ،ﺖﺳا
رد ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ حﺮﻃ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ و يرﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻪﺑ هزاﺪﻧا يﺮﻴﮔ
ﺖﻴﻌﺿو ﻲﻧاور ﺖﻣﻼﺳ داﺮﻓا
يﻻﺎﺑ 15 لﺎﺳ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ناﺮﻳا ماﺪﻗا
،ﺪﻧا هدﻮﻤﻧ تﻻﻼﺘﺧا عﻮﻴﺷ
ﻲﻧاور ار رد ﻞﻛ رﻮﺸﻛ 21 ﺪﺻرد
ﺪﻧا هدﻮﻤﻧ شراﺰﮔ )
8 .(
رﻮﭘ ﺐﻴﺒﺣ )
1388 ( ﺶﺳﺮﭘ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ﻪﻴﻣورا رد ﻪﻣﺎﻧ
سﺎﻴﻘﻣ
ﻲﺠﻨﺳدﻮﺧ ﻲﮔدﺮﺴﻓا دراﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳا
ﻲﮔدﺮﺴﻓا ناﺰﻴﻣ عﻮﻴﺷ ﺰﻴﻧ ﮓﻧوز
ﻲﻧﺎﺘﺳﺮﻴﺑد نازﻮﻣآ ﺶﻧاد ﻦﻴﺑ رد ار 5
/ 29 ﻲﻛﻮﺳ ،ﺪﺻرد )
1389 (
رد نﺎﺷﺎﻛ ) ﻚﺑ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ (
5 / 53 ﻢﺘﺳر ،ﺪﺻرد
هداز ) 1385 ( ﻪﻴﻣورا رد )
نﻮﻣزآزا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ﻚﺑ
( 4 / 16 و ﺪﺻرد
ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳﺪﻟاﺮﻴﻬﻇ )
1383 ( ﺰﻴﻧ ) ﺎﺑ ﻲﮔدﺮﺴﻓا نﻮﻣزآ ﻚﺑ
( رد
هﻮﻛزوﺮﻴﻓ 73
ﺪﻧدﻮﻤﻧ شراﺰﮔ ﺪﺻرد )
28 - 25 .(
شروﺮﭘ
) 1390 ( نﺎﻧز ﻲﻧاور تﻻﻼﺘﺧا عﻮﻴﺷ نﺎﻣﺮﻛ رد ﺰﻴﻧ
15 و ﻪﻟﺎﺳ ار ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ 34 دﺮﻛ شراﺰﮔ ﺪﺻرد )
8 .(
يﺎﻬﺗوﺎﻔﺗ دﻮﺟﻮﻣ
ﻲﻣ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ ﻲﺷﺎﻧ زا شور ﺎﻫ يﺎﻫراﺰﺑا و ﻪﺑ
رﺎﻛ هدﺮﺑ
،هﺪﺷ ﻂﻳاﺮﺷ
،يدﺎﺼﺘﻗا ﻲﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ ،ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا
و ﻲﻳﺎﻴﻓاﺮﻐﺟ نﻮﮔﺎﻧﻮﮔ
و هوﺮﮔ
يﺎﻫ ﻲﻨﺳ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ توﺎﻔﺘﻣ .
زا ﺮﻈﻧ ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻦﺳ رد نﺎﻴﻗدﺎﺻ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ )
1389 ( هدازدﻮﻌﺴﻣو و
ﻦﻴﺑ نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ ﻲﮔدﺮﺴﻓا
و باﺮﻄﺿا توﺎﻔﺗ
ﻲﻨﻌﻣ راد هﺪﻳد
ﺪﺷ ) 7 ، 5 .(
ﻪﺑ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻜﻳرﻮﻃ ﻻﺎﺑ
ﻦﺘﻓر ﻦﺳ ناﺰﻴﻣ تﻻﻼﺘﺧا ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا
دﻮﺑ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ .
ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ رد ﺮﺿﺎﺣ
ﺰﻴﻧ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻦﺳ و ﺮﻫ ﻚﻳ زا ،ﻲﮔدﺮﺴﻓا تﻻﻼﺘﺧا
سﺮﺘﺳا و باﺮﻄﺿا هﺪﻳد ﻲﺘﺒﺜﻣ ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ
ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻪﻛ هﺪﺷ
يﺪﻴﻣا نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ و ﺰﻴﻧ
ﺪﻳﺆﻣ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ .ﺖﺳا رد
زﺪﻤﺤﻣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻪﻜﻴﻟﺎﺣ ا
هد ) 1391 ( داﺪﻧ نﺎﺸﻧ ار ﻲﻃﺎﺒﺗرا ﻦﻴﻨﭼ )
37 .(
نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ و ﻦﻴﻟ )
2009 ( و ﻲﻧاور تﻻﻼﺘﺧا ﻦﻴﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧداد نﺎﺸﻧ
رد ﺖﺷاد دﻮﺟو يراد ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻪﻄﺑار نﺎﻧاﻮﺟﻮﻧ رد نﺪﻴﺸﻛ رﺎﮕﻴﺳ ﺮﻴﻏ ﺪﻳﺎﺷ ﻪﻛ ﺪﺸﻧ ﺖﻓﺎﻳ ﻲﻃﺎﺒﺗرا ﻦﻴﻨﭼ ﺎﻣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ رد ﻪﻜﻴﻟﺎﺣ ﻧ ﻦﻴﺑ رد رﺎﮕﻴﺳ فﺮﺼﻣ ندﻮﺑ لﻮﻤﻌﻣ ﻪﺑ ناﺮﻳا رد ﺮﺘﺧد نﺎﻧاﻮﺟﻮ
ﻲﺑﺮﻏ يﺎﻫرﻮﺸﻛ ﺎﺑ تﺎﻓﻼﺘﺧا ﺮﻳﺎﺳ و ﻲﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ و ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﻞﻳﻻد ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺎﻣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻧاﻮﺨﻤﻫ مﺪﻋ ﻞﻠﻋ زا )
38 .(
ناﺰﻴﻣ سﺮﺘﺳا و ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ناور ناﺪﻧزﺮﻓ رد رﻮﭘ ﻲﻘﺘﻣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻲﻃ
) 1384 ( رﻮﭘ ﻲﻋراز و )
1391 ( ﻮﻣ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ در
ﺖﺳا ) ,39 27 ( . ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺖﺳﺪﺑ
،هﺪﻣآ ﻲﻛﺎﺣ زا عﻮﻴﺷ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ
تﻻﻼﺘﺧا ناور
رد ﻦﻴﺑ ناﺪﻧزﺮﻓ ﻖﻠﻌﺘﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻧاردﺎﻣ ﻪﻛ ظﺎﺤﻟ زا
ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا و يدﺎﺼﺘﻗا رد ﺢﻄﺳ ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ يﺮﺗ ﺪﻧراد راﺮﻗ ﻲﻣ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ .
ﺪﻣﺎﻴﻧ ﺖﺳﺪﺑ يا ﻪﻄﺑار ﻦﻴﻨﭼ ﺎﻣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ رد ﻪﻜﻴﻟﺎﺣ رد .
ﻲﻜﻳ ﺪﻳﺎﺷ
هﺪﺷ ﺮﻛذ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ود ﺎﺑ ﺎﻣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻲﻧاﻮﺨﻤﻫ مﺪﻋ ﻞﻳﻻد زا ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻦﻳا
ﻪﻛ ﻲﻳﻻﺎﺑ ﺪﺻرد )
ﻪﺑ ﻚﻳدﺰﻧ 95
ﺪﺻرد ( ناﺮﺘﺧد ناردﺎﻣ زا
ﻲﺘﻌﻓر ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ رد ﻪﻜﻴﻟﺎﺣ رد ﺪﻨﺘﺷاد ﻲﻫﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﺮﻴﻏ تﻼﻴﺼﺤﺗ 53 ﻧا هدﻮﺑ داﻮﺳ ﻲﺑ ناردﺎﻣ زا ﺪﺻرد يﺪﻨﺑ ﻢﻴﺴﻘﺗ ﻪﻜﻴﻟﺎﺣ رد ﺪ
ﺮﻴﻏ و ﻲﻫﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ترﻮﺻ ود ﻪﺑ ﺎﻣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ رد تﻼﻴﺼﺤﺗ ﻲﻫﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﺮﻴﻏ زا رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳا هدﻮﺑ نا زا ﻲﻛﺎﺣ ﻲﻫﺎﮕﺸﻧاد يداﻮﺳ ﻲﺑ ﻪﻧ و ﺖﺳا هدﻮﺑ ﻲﻳاﺪﺘﺑا تﻼﻴﺼﺤﺗ ﻞﻗاﺪﺣ دﻮﺟو .
ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ ﺖﻴﻌﺿو هﺎﻓر هداﻮﻧﺎﺧ نﺎﺸﻧ داد دوﺪﺣ ﻪﻛ 95
زا ﺪﺻرد
ﺢﻄﺳ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻧاور تﻻﻼﺘﺧا ﻦﻴﺑ و ﺪﻨﺘﺷاد بﻮﻠﻄﻣ هﺎﻓر ناﺮﺘﺧد ﻦﻳا ﻪﻛ ﺖﺷاﺪﻧ دﻮﺟو يراد ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻪﻄﺑار ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا و يدﺎﺼﺘﻗا رﻮﭘ ﻲﻋراز ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺎﺑ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ )
1391 ( ﺖﺷاﺪﻧ ﻲﻧاﻮﺨﻤﻫ
ﻦﻳا ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻪﻜﻳرﻮﻄﺑ ﻪﻛ داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ
ﺎﺑ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا هﺎﻓر هداﻮﻧﺎﺧ
ناور ﺖﻣﻼﺳ آ ﺶﻧاد
نازﻮﻣ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا و
ﺎﺑ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ هﺎﻓر
،هداﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ
ناور ﺶﻧاد نازﻮﻣآ ﻲﻟوﺰﻧﺮﻴﺳ ﻪﺘﺷاد
و
تﻻﻼﺘﺧا ﻲﻧاور
ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ﺖﻓﺎﻳ و طﺎﺒﺗرا ﻲﻨﻌﻣ يرﺎﻣآ راد ﻦﻴﺑ
ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ناور ﻲﻠﻛ و هﺎﻓر ﻲﻠﻛ ﺖﺷاد دﻮﺟو )
39 .(
ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻲﻧاﻮﺨﻤﻫ مﺪﻋ ﻞﻠﻋ ﻞﻳﻻد زا ﻲﻜﻳ ﺪﻳﺎﺷ ﻲﻋراز رﻮﭘ ) 1391 ( ﺖﻧﻮﻜﺳ 25 ﺶﻧاد يﺪﺻرد آ
ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ نازﻮﻣ ﺖﺳا هدﻮﺑ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﺪﺣاو ود ﻦﻳا
.
زا طﺎﻘﻧ تﻮﻗ ﻦﻳا ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ
، هﻮﺤﻧ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ يﺮﻴﮔ ﻲﻟﺎﻤﺘﺣا ﺪﻨﭼ و
ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ يا ﺮﻃ ،ح ﻢﻴﺴﻘﺗ داﺪﻌﺗ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺎﻫ ﺮﺑ سﺎﺳا فﺪﻫ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ رد
ﺢﻄﺳ ﺪﻬﺸﻣ ﺮﻬﺷ ندﻮﺑ نﺎﺴﻜﻳ و
نازﻮﻣآ ﺶﻧاد بﺎﺨﺘﻧا ﺲﻧﺎﺷ
دﻮﺑ . ﻦﻳا ﺮﻣا ﺎﺗ ﺪﺣ ﻢﻴﻤﻌﺗ يدﺎﻳز يﺮﻳﺬﭘ
ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ار ﻻﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ دﺮﺑ و
لﺎﻤﺘﺣا شرﻮﺗ ار ﻞﻗاﺪﺣ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻣ
ﺪﻧﺎﺳر . هوﻼﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ يﺮﻴﮔ زا
نازﻮﻣآ ﺶﻧاد ﻢﻟﺎﺳ
سراﺪﻣ مﺎﺠﻧا ﻪﻧ ﺪﺷ رد نازﻮﻣآ ﺶﻧاد
ﻪﻌﺟاﺮﻣ هﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣرد و ﻲﺘﺷاﺪﻬﺑ ﺰﻛاﺮﻣ
ًﻻﺎﻤﺘﺣا ﻪﻛ زا
يرﺎﻤﻴﺑ
ﻲﺻﺎﺧ ﺞﻧر ﻲﻣ ﺪﻧﺮﺑ . ﻲﻬﻳﺪﺑ ﺖﺳا ﻪﻛ درﻮﻣ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ
رد
ﻦﻳا
،ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻲﻳﺎﻧاﻮﺗ
يﺮﺘﻬﺑ ياﺮﺑ ﻢﻴﻤﻌﺗ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ رد ﺎﺑ
تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ
رﻮﻛﺬﻣ ﺪﻨﺘﺷاد . يﺎﻫ ﺖﻳدوﺪﺤﻣ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ زا ﻦﻳا
ﺰﻴﻧ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ناﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ
فﺬﺣ ﻪﺑ ﻲﺧﺮﺑ
تﻻاﺆﺳ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ زا
ﻪﻘﺑﺎﺳ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ ﻲﮔداﻮﻧﺎﺧ
تﻻﻼﺘﺧا ﻲﻧاور
دﺮﻛ هرﺎﺷا .
ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻪﻧﺎﻣﺮﺤﻣ درﻮﻣ رد ﺮﮕﺸﻫوﮋﭘ نداد نﺎﻨﻴﻤﻃا ﻢﻏر ﻲﻠﻋ
نﺪﻧﺎﻣ رد ،ﺎﻬﻧآ تﺎﻋﻼﻃا ﻲﺧﺮﺑ
ﻦﻜﻤﻣ دراﻮﻣ دﻮﺑ
زا يرﺎﻴﺴﺑ
ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻢﺋﻼﻋ ﺎﻳ و ﺎﻫ يرﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻲﻧاور تﻻﻼﺘﺧا
ﻞﻴﻟد ﻪﺑ نﺎﻬﻨﭘ
يﺎﻫ ﺖﻳروﺬﻌﻣ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا
ﺪﻧﺎﻤﺑ نﺎﻬﻨﭘ .
زا ﺖﻳﺎﻬﻧ رد ﻪﻜﻴﺋﺎﺠﻧآ
ﻲﻜﻳ زا يﺎﻫرﻮﺤﻣ ﻲﺑﺎﻳزرا
ﻲﺘﻣﻼﺳ
ﻊﻣاﻮﺟ
،ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ
ﻲﻧاور نآ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺖﺳا و ﺖﻣﻼﺳ
ﻲﻧاور ﺶﻘﻧ رد ﻲﻤﻬﻣ ﻦﻴﻤﻀﺗ
ﻲﻳﺎﻳﻮﭘ و رﺎﻛ يﺪﻣآ ﺮﻫ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ
ﺎﻔﻳا ﻲﻣ ناﺮﻳا رد و ﺪﻨﻛ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ
ﻪﺑ ﻪﻄﻴﺣ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ناور نﺎﻧاﻮﺟﻮﻧ
رد لﺎﺣ ﺪﺷر ﺖﺳا ﻦﻴﻣﺎﺗ و ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ناور ناﻮﺟﻮﻧ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ناور
ﻞﺴﻧ هﺪﻨﻳآ ار ﺪﻫاﻮﺧ ﻦﻴﻤﻀﺗ
،دﺮﻛ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﺎﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ زﺎﻏآ ﻪﺑ
تﻻﻼﺘﺧا ﻲﻧاﻮﺟﻮﻧ هرود رد ﻲﻧاور
ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳا زا ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ و
و ﺐﻗاﻮﻋ ﻲﺷﺎﻧ زا مﺪﻋ ﺺﻴﺨﺸﺗ و نﺎﻣرد ﻦﻳا تﻻﻼﺘﺧا ﻟ
ــ موﺰ
ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻧاور
نﺎﻧاﻮﺟﻮﻧ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ
هﮋﻳﻮﺑ دﺎﺠﻳا
ﺰﻛاﺮﻣ ﺶﻧاد هروﺎﺸﻣ ياﺮﺑ سراﺪﻣ زا جرﺎﺧ و سراﺪﻣ رد يزﻮﻣآ
ﺎﻬﻧآ نﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣ و ﻦﻳﺪﻟاو ،نازﻮﻣآ ﺶﻧاد دﺎﻬﻨﺸﻴﭘ
ﻲﻣ ددﺮﮔ .
ﺮﻜﺸﺗ و ﺮﻳﺪﻘﺗ
هﺎﻣدادﺮﺧ رد بﻮﺼﻣ ﻲﺗﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ حﺮﻃ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳا 1390
ﺎﺑ
ﺪﻛ 88840 ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﺪﻬﺸﻣ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ مﻮﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد .
ﻦﻳﺪﺑ زا ﻪﻠﻴﺳو
يرﺎﻜﻤﻫ و هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﻲﺸﻫوﮋﭘ ﺖﻧوﺎﻌﻣ يرﺎﻜﻤﻫ و ﺖﻳﺎﻤﺣ ﻲﻣاﺮﮔ نازﻮﻣآ ﺶﻧاد و شروﺮﭘ و شزﻮﻣآ ﻦﻴﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﻪﻧﺎﻤﻴﻤﺻ ﻲﻣ ﻲﻧادرﺪﻗ دﻮﺷ
.
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The Relationship Between Depression, Anxiety, Stress and Health Behaviors in High School Girl Students in Mashhad in Year 2011-2012
Kordi M( Ph.D)1, Mohamadirizi S (M.Sc)2, Shakeri MT(Ph.D)3, ModarresGharavi M(Ph.D) 4, Salehi Fadardi J(Ph.D)5
1. Assistant Professor, Department of Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad ,Iran 2.Corresponding Author: M.Sc, Department of Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, iran 3.Professor, Department of Biostatistics, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad ,Iran
4.Assistant Professor, Department of psychiatry, Research Center of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad ,Iran
5.Assistant Professor, Department of Clinical Psychology, Mashhad University of ferdowsi, Mashhad ,Iran
Abstract
Introduction:The period of adolescence is one of the most stressful periods of life and has a crucial impact on school performance and subsequent occupational functioning. Since paying attention to students’ mental health is important so the aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between depression, anxiety and stress and health behaviors in high school girl students in Mashhad.
Methods: This is a correlational study carried out on 407 high-school females in Mashhad city during the year 2011 using a two-stage sampling method. Participants completed questionnaires on demography/ family/ health behaviors and depression, anxiety, stress scale(DASS). Data were then analyzed using SPSS V.14 software and statistical tests.
Results: The results showedthat 56.5% of the students were 16-14 years old, 66.3% with the BMI of 18.5-99/24 (kg/m2), 36.6% enjoyed physical activity (min/wk), and 83.2% were passive smoker.
Also 21.7% suffered from severe and very severe depression, 24/3% from anxiety and 21.8% from stress. There was a significant positive correlation between age and anxiety, stress and significant negative correlation between age and depression; there was however no significant correlation between anxiety, stress, depression and other variables.
Conclusion: According to high rates of depression, anxiety and stress in high school girl students in Mashhad and the important role of girls in future society, it seems necessary to prepare the students suffering from such mental problems with medical consultations conducted by related specialists and follow the therapeutic approaches if needed.
Keywords: Depression, Anxiety, Stress, students
