رد باﺮﻄﺿا ﺖﻴﻌﺿو ﺮﺑ سﺮﺘﺳا ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ يﺎﻫ ترﺎﻬﻣ شزﻮﻣآ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ناﺰﻴﻣ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ
لﺎﺳ رد ﺪﺒﻴﻣ نﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ يﺎﻫ نﺎﺘﺳﺮﻴﺑد ﻦﻴﻤﻠﻌﻣ 1391
نﺎﮔﺪﻨﺴﻳﻮﻧ :
توﺮﺛ ﺎﻘﻟ خﺮﻓ دﺎﺑآ ﻒﻳﺮﺷ ﻲﺗوﺮﻣ ﻲﻠﻋﺪﻤﺤﻣ ،1
،2
ﺪﻤﺤﻣ رﻮﭘ ﻲﻗدﺎﺻ ﻲﻠﻋ ،3
ﻲﻳﺎﺿر ﻦﺴﺣ
يرﺪﻨﭘ يدﺎﺑآزوﺮﻴﻓ نﺎﻴﺣﻼﻓ ﻦﺴﺣﺪﻤﺤﻣ ،4
ﻚﻴﺑ باﺮﺤﻣ مﺮﻛا ،1
يدﺎﺑآ ﻦﻴﺴﺣ يراﺪﻨﻗ اﺮﻫز ،5 1
1 . دﺰﻳ ﻲﻗوﺪﺻ ﺪﻴﻬﺷ ﻲﻧﺎﻣرد ﻲﺘﺷاﺪﻬﺑ تﺎﻣﺪﺧ و ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ مﻮﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ سﺎﻨﺷرﺎﻛ
2 . لﻮﺌﺴﻣ هﺪﻨﺴﻳﻮﻧ :
ﻲﻗوﺪﺻ ﺪﻴﻬﺷ ﻲﻧﺎﻣرد ﻲﺘﺷاﺪﻬﺑ تﺎﻣﺪﺧ و ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ مﻮﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،يﺪﻨﻤﻟﺎﺳ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ تﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺰﻛﺮﻣ دﺎﺘﺳا
سﺎﻤﺗ ﻦﻔﻠﺗ دﺰﻳ :
09133530374
Email:[email protected]
3 . دﺰﻳ نﺎﺘﺳا ﻲﺘﺴﻳﺰﻬﺑ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ، ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﻚﺷﺰﭘ
4 . ﻲﻧﺎﻣرد ﻲﺘﺷاﺪﻬﺑ تﺎﻣﺪﺧ و ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ مﻮﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،يﺪﻨﻤﻟﺎﺳ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ تﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺰﻛﺮﻣ ،ﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ شزﻮﻣآ ﺪﺷرا سﺎﻨﺷرﺎﻛ
دﺰﻳ ﻲﻗوﺪﺻ ﺪﻴﻬﺷ
5 . دﺰﻳ ﻲﻗوﺪﺻ ﺪﻴﻬﺷ ﻲﻧﺎﻣرد ﻲﺘﺷاﺪﻬﺑ تﺎﻣﺪﺧ و ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ مﻮﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،ﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ شزﻮﻣآ يﺮﺘﻛد يﻮﺠﺸﻧاد
ﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ عﻮﻠﻃ
ﻲﺸﻫوﮋﭘ ﻲﻤﻠﻋ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﻫﺎﻣ ود دﺰﻳ ﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ هﺪﻜﺸﻧاد ﻢﻫدرﺎﻬﭼ لﺎﺳ
هرﺎﻤﺷ : لوا
ﺖﺸﻬﺒﻳدرا و ﻦﻳدروﺮﻓ
1394
ﻞﺴﻠﺴﻣ هرﺎﻤﺷ :
49
لﻮﺻو ﺦﻳرﺎﺗ :
19 / 11 / 1392
شﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﺦﻳرﺎﺗ :
5 / 3 / 1393 هﺪﻴﻜﭼ
ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ دزاﺪﻧﺎﻴﺑ ﺮﻄﺧ ﻪﺑ ار ﺎﻬﻧآ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳا داﺮﻓا دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺮﺑ راﺬﮔ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ زا ﻲﻜﻳ سﺮﺘﺳا: .
ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ نﺎﻬﺟ رد از سﺮﺘﺳا ﻞﻏﺎﺸﻣ زا ﻲﻜﻳ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻣ ﻞﻐﺷ .
زا ﻲﺷﺎﻧ يﺎﻫ يرﺎﻤﻴﺑ زا باﺮﻄﺿا
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ سﺮﺘﺳا .
ار باﺮﻄﺿا و سﺮﺘﺳا ﻦﻴﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻫد ﻲﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ ﺎﻫ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ دراد دﻮﺟو ﻢﻴﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﻪﻄﺑ
. ﻢﻠﻌﻣ باﺮﻄﺿا
دﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﺲﻳرﺪﺗ ﻦﻴﺣ رد زﻮﻣآ ﺶﻧاد و ﻢﻠﻌﻣ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺮﻤﺘﺴﻣ طﺎﺒﺗرا زا ﻊﻧﺎﻣ و هداد راﺮﻗ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﺖﺤﺗ ار ﺲﻳرﺪﺗ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ .
دﻮﺑ نﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣ باﺮﻄﺿا ﺖﻴﻌﺿو ﺮﺑ سﺮﺘﺳا ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ يﺎﻬﺗرﺎﻬﻣ شزﻮﻣآ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳا زا فﺪﻫ .
ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ شور ﺮﺑ ﻲﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﻪﻤﻴﻧ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳا:
يور 100 نﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣ زا ﺮﻔﻧ 8
نﺎﺘﺳﺮﻴﺑد ) ﻪﻧاﺮﺴﭘ
، ﻪﻧاﺮﺘﺧد ( ﺪﺒﻴﻣ نﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ
ﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا ،ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ هﺪﺷ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا ﻲﻓدﺎﺼﺗ ترﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ .
ﺶﺨﺑ ود ﺎﺑ يا ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ تﺎﻋﻼﻃا يروآدﺮﮔ راﺰﺑا
ﻲﺘﻴﻌﻗﻮﻣ باﺮﻄﺿا سﺎﻴﻘﻣ و ﻚﻴﻓاﺮﮔﻮﻣد تﺎﻋﻼﻃا -
دﻮﺑ ﺮﮔﺮﺑ ﻞﻴﭙﺷا ﻲﺘﻴﺼﺨﺷ و
ﻪﻠﺧاﺪﻣ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ترﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ
5 ﻪﺴﻠﺟ
ﻳﺪﻣ شزﻮﻣآ سﺮﺘﺳا ﺖﻳﺮ
ﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا . ﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا ﻪﻠﺧاﺪﻣ زا ﺪﻌﺑ هﺎﻣود نﻮﻣزآ ﺲﭘ و ﻪﻠﺧاﺪﻣ زا ﻞﺒﻗ نﻮﻣزآ ﺶﻴﭘ .
راﺰﻓا مﺮﻧ رد ﺲﻧﺎﻳراو ﺰﻴﻟﺎﻧآ و ﻲﺗ يﺎﻬﻧﻮﻣزآ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ،ﺎﻫ هداد SPSS16
ﺖﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ و ﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ درﻮﻣ ، .
ﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﻪﻠﺧاﺪﻣ زا ﻞﺒﻗ نﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣ ﻲﺘﻴﺼﺨﺷ باﺮﻄﺿا هﺮﻤﻧ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ :
33 /
±7 74 / 38 ) ﻞﻛ زﺎﻴﺘﻣا 80
( زا ﺪﻌﺑ و
ﻪﻠﺧاﺪﻣ 56 /
±6 53 / 38 ﻪﻠﺧاﺪﻣ زا ﻞﺒﻗ ﺎﻬﻧآ ﻲﺘﻴﻌﻗﻮﻣ باﺮﻄﺿا هﺮﻤﻧ و 10
/
±7 65 / 40 ) ﻞﻛ زﺎﻴﺘﻣا 80
( زا ﺲﭘ و
ﻪﻠﺧاﺪﻣ 90 /
±6 87 / 38 دﻮﺑ . دﻮﺒﻧ ﺮﺛﻮﻣ نﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣ ﻲﺘﻴﺼﺨﺷ باﺮﻄﺿا ﺶﻫﺎﻛ رد ﻲﺷزﻮﻣآ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ )
70 / 0 (p=
هﺮﻤﻧ ﺎﻣا ،
ﻮﺑ راد ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻪﻠﺧاﺪﻣ زا ﺪﻌﺑ ﻲﺘﻴﻌﻗﻮﻣ باﺮﻄﺿا د
) 019 / p=0 ( ﻲﺘﻴﻌﻗﻮﻣ باﺮﻄﺿا ﺎﺑ داﺮﻓا ﺪﺻرد ﻪﻛ ترﻮﺻ ﻦﻳﺪﺑ،
زا ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ 4
/ 34 ﻪﺑ 7 / 28 ﺖﻓﺎﻳ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ .
و ﻲﺘﻴﻌﻗﻮﻣ باﺮﻄﺿا ﺮﺑ سﺮﺘﺳا ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ شزﻮﻣآ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ
دﻮﺑ نﺎﺴﻜﻳ ﺲﻳرﺪﺗ ﻪﻘﺑﺎﺳ و ﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗ كرﺪﻣ ،ﺲﻨﺟ ،ﻦﺳ ﺐﺴﺣ ﺮﺑ داﺮﻓا ﻲﺘﻴﺼﺨﺷ .
يﺮﻴﮔ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻠﻌﻣ رد باﺮﻄﺿا يﻻﺎﺑ ﺢﻄﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺮﻈﻧ:
يﺎﻬﺷزﻮﻣآ ،يا ﻪﻠﺧاﺪﻣ يﺎﻫ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ مﺎﺠﻧا تروﺮﺿ و نﺎﻤ
ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻖﻓﻮﻣ باﺮﻄﺿا ﺶﻫﺎﻛ رد ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺮﺑ ﻲﻨﺘﺒﻣ سﺮﺘﺳا ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ .
دﺮﻓ ﻪﺑ مﺎﮔ ﻪﺑ مﺎﮔ ترﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺎﻫ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻦﻳا
و سﺮﺘﺳا ناﺰﻴﻣ ﺖﻳﺎﻬﻧ رد و ﻪﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﻢﻫاﺮﻓ نآ ياز سﺮﺘﺳا ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ و ﻂﻴﺤﻣ زا ار دﺮﻓ ﺖﺧﺎﻨﺷ نﺎﻜﻣا ﺪﻧﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﻪﺋارا لﺎﺒﻧد ﻪﺑ ﺪﺑﺎﻳ ﻲﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ داﺮﻓا باﺮﻄﺿا نآ .
يﺪﻴﻠﻛ يﺎﻫ هژاو ﻢﻠﻌﻣ ،باﺮﻄﺿا ،سﺮﺘﺳا ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ،شزﻮﻣآ:
ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ ﺖﻴﺑﺮﺗ و ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻚﻳدﺰﻧ رﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﻲﻃﺎﺒﺗرا ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺮﻫ ﻞﻣﺎﻜﺗ و ﺪﺷر
مﺰﻠﺘﺴﻣ ﻲﻓﺪﻫ ﻦﻴﻨﭼ ﻖﻘﺤﺗ و دراد ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ نآ ﺢﻴﺤﺻ يداﺮﻓا ﻦﺘﺷاد
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺮﻫ زا يرﺎﻋ و ناور و ﻢﺴﺟ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ زا رادرﻮﺧﺮﺑ و ﻪﺘﺴﻳﺎﺷ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﻣ )
1 .(
ﺮﺑ راﺬﮔ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ زا ﻲﻜﻳ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ سﺮﺘﺳا
ﻪﺑ ار ﺎﻬﻧآ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ داﺮﻓا دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ دزاﺪﻧﺎﻴﺑ ﺮﻄﺧ .
زا ﻲﻜﻳ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻬﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺮﺑ نآ رﺎﺛآ و سﺮﺘﺳا ﺮﻴﺧا ﻪﻫد رد
ﺎﻋﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﻞﻳﺪﺒﺗ ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ رﺎﺘﻓر ﻪﻨﻴﻣز رد ﻢﻬﻣ ت )
2 .(
ﻪﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ نﺎﻬﺟ رد از سﺮﺘﺳا ﻞﻏﺎﺸﻣ زا ﻲﻜﻳ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻣ ﻞﻐﺷ
ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ )
3 .(
ﻢﺠﺣ ،عﻮﻨﺘﻣ سورد ﺲﻳرﺪﺗ ياﺮﺑ يﺰﻳر ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ
هﺪﻨﻳآ ،ﻲﺷزﻮﻣآ يﺎﻀﻓ رﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ،ﻲﺑﺎﻴﺷزرا ،نﺎﻣز رﺎﺸﻓ و رﺎﻛدﺎﻳز ﻴﮔاﺮﻓ دﻮﺟو ،سﻼﻛرد طﺎﺒﻀﻧا يراﺮﻗﺮﺑ ،ﻲﻠﻐﺷ ﻢﻬﺒﻣ ،راﻮﺷد ناﺮ
رﺎﺸﻓ و يرﺎﻛﺪﻋﺎﺴﻣﺎﻧ ﻂﻳاﺮﺷ ،نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ ﺎﺑ ضرﺎﻌﺗ ،ﻲﻓﺎﻛﺎﻧ ﺪﻣآرد ﺪﻧا هﺪﺷ ﺖﺳﺮﻬﻓ نﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣ سﺮﺘﺳا ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣزا ﻲﺸﺨﺑ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ءﺎﻘﺗرا ياﺮﺑ و ﻲﮔداﻮﻧﺎﺧ ،ﻲﺼﺨﺷ ﻲﮔﺪﻧز زا ﻲﺷﺎﻧ يﺎﻫرﺎﺸﻓ ﺎﺑ هاﺮﻤﻫ ﻪﻛ دﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ نﺎﻧآرد ﻲﮔدﺮﺴﻓا سﺎﺴﺣا دﺎﺠﻳا ﻪﺑ ﺮﺠﻨﻣ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا )
4 .(
ﻌﻣ ﻦﻴﺑ رد ﻲﻠﻐﺷ سﺮﺘﺳا رد ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳا ﻲﻤﻬﻣ يﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ زا نﺎﻤﻠ
ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ زا يرﺎﻴﺴﺑ .
لﺎﺳ زا ﺮﮕﻳد ﻲﻳﻮﺳ زا 1970
ياﺮﺑ ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻋ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻤﻬﻣ زا ﻲﻜﻳ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻠﻐﺷ ﻲﮔﺪﻧز ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ
ﺖﺳا هدﻮﺑ حﺮﻄﻣ ﻲﻧﺎﻬﺟ ﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ )
2 .(
رد ﻪﻛ يا ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ رد
ﻣ ﻲﮔﺪﻧز ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﻪﻛ دﻮﺑ ﻦﻳا زا ﻲﻛﺎﺣ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا ﻦﻴﭼ نﺎﻤﻠﻌ
دراد راﺮﻗ داﺮﻓا ﺮﻳﺎﺳ زا ﺮﺗ ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ ﻲﺤﻄﺳ رد )
3 .(
ﺖﻬﺟ ﻪﺑ نﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣ
نازﻮﻣآ ﺶﻧاد ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ و تدﺎﻌﺳ ، ﻲﺘﺴﻳﺰﻬﺑ لﺎﺒﻗ رد ﻪﻛ ﻲﺘﻴﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ دﺮﻓ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺼﺤﻨﻣ يا ﻪﻓﺮﺣ ياراد ،ﺪﻧراد .
ﺮﺸﻧ ﻪﻔﻴﻇو نﺎﻧآ ﺮﺑ ار ﻲﻀﺘﻘﻣ ﺖﻗو رد ﻢﻈﻧ ﻦﻴﻣﺎﺗ و نازﻮﻣآ ﺶﻧاد ﺖﻴﺑﺮﺗ ،ﺶﻧاد
ﻊﺒﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧراد هﺪﻬﻋ ﻞﻏﺎﺸﻣ ﺮﻳﺎﺳ ﺎﺑ نﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣ سﺮﺘﺳا ﻪﺑﺮﺠﺗ نآ
دراد دﻮﺧ صﺎﺧ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﻪﺑ زﺎﻴﻧ و دﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ توﺎﻔﺘﻣ .
ار ﻢﻠﻌﻣ سﺮﺘﺳا
،يﺪﻴﻣاﺎﻧ ،ﻢﺸﺧ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﺪﻨﻳﺎﺷﻮﺧﺎﻧ ﻲﻔﻨﻣ تﺎﻧﺎﺠﻴﻫ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ناﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ
ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ وا يرﺎﻛ يﺎﻫ ﻪﺒﻨﺟ زا ﻲﻀﻌﺑ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ رد ﻲﮔدﺮﺴﻓا و ﻲﻧاﺮﮕﻧ
دﺮﻛ ) 5 .(
ﺑ ﻦﻴﻤﻠﻌﻣ ﻦﻴﺑ رد لﻮﻤﻌﻣ ﻲﻧﺎﻳﺮﺟ ﻪﻛ سﺮﺘﺳا ﺪﺳر ﻲﻣ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻪ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷاد ﻲﭘ رد يﺪﺟ يﺎﻫﺪﻣﺎﻴﭘ ﺖﺳا ﻦﻜﻤﻣ )
3 .(
ﻲﻣ سﺮﺘﺳا
ﻲﻧاور و ﻲﻤﺴﺟ يﺎﻫ يرﺎﻤﻴﺑ زوﺮﺑ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺠﻨﻣ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ
، رد لﻼﺘﺧا
ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ نﺪﻣآ ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ ﺖﻳﺎﻬﻧ رد و يرﺎﮔزﺎﺳ ترﺪﻗ و دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ
ددﺮﮔ ﻲﮔﺪﻧز )
7
، 6 .(
زا ﻲﺷﺎﻧ ﻲﻧاور يﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﺎﺸﻧ و ﺎﻫ يرﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ زا
سﺮﺘﺳا
، ﻲﮔدﺮﺴﻓا ﻪﺑ ناﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ دﻮﻤﻧ هرﺎﺷا باﺮﻄﺿا و
. ﺎﻫ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ
ﻪﻄﺑار ﻲﮔدﺮﺴﻓا و باﺮﻄﺿا و سﺮﺘﺳا دﻮﺟو ﻦﻴﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻫد ﻲﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ
دراد دﻮﺟو ﻢﻴﻘﺘﺴﻣ )
9
، 8 .(
ﻪﻛ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ ﺶﻨﻛاو ﻦﻴﻴﺒﺗ ياﺮﺑ نﺎﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧاور
يﺎﻫ ﻞﻜﺷ ﺎﺑ نﺪﺷ وﺮﺑور رد ﻪﻛ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ ﺶﻨﻛاو و ﻲﻣﺎﻛﺎﻧ ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ رد دﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ زاﺮﺑا ﻲﻧاور رﺎﺸﻓ ﺮﮕﻳد
، نﺎﻴﻣ ﻪﺑ ار باﺮﻄﺿا مﻮﻬﻔﻣ
ﺪﻧا هدروآ ) 10 .(
سﺎﺴﺣا ﻚﻳ و ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻲﻣ ﻪﺑﺮﺠﺗ ار باﺮﻄﺿا ﻪﻤﻫ
ﺪﻨﻳﺎﺷﻮﺧﺎﻧ
، يﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﺎﺸﻧ ﺎﺑ ﺐﻠﻏا ﻪﻛ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ هﺮﻬﻟد ﺮﺸﺘﻨﻣ و ﻢﻬﺒﻣ
دردﺮﺳ ﻞﺜﻣ مﻮﻧﻮﺗا
، ﻖﻳﺮﻌﺗ
، ﺐﻠﻗ ﺶﭙﺗ
، ﻪﻨﻴﺳ ﻲﮕﺘﻓﺮﮔ سﺎﺴﺣا
، ءﻮﺳ
ﺖﺳا هاﺮﻤﻫ يراﺮﻗ ﻲﺑ و ﻪﻤﺿﺎﻫ )
11 .(
ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﻢﻠﻌﻣ باﺮﻄﺿا
هداد راﺮﻗ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﺖﺤﺗ ار ﺲﻳرﺪﺗ و ﻢﻠﻌﻣ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺮﻤﺘﺴﻣ طﺎﺒﺗرا زا ﻊﻧﺎﻣ و
دﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﺲﻳرﺪﺗ ﻦﻴﺣ رد زﻮﻣآ ﺶﻧاد )
12 .(
ﺎﺠﻧآ زا ﺮﮕﻳد ﻲﻳﻮﺳ زا
تاﺮﺛا ﻢﻫ ﻪﺸﻴﻤﻫ ﺖﺳا هزوﺮﻣا ﻲﮔﺪﻧز زا يدﺎﻋ ﻲﻳﺰﺟ سﺮﺘﺳا ﻪﻛ
دراﺪﻧ ﻲﻔﻨﻣ .
و شﺰﻴﮕﻧا ﻪﺑ ﺮﺠﻨﻣ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ سﺮﺘﺳا زا ﻲﻤﻛ راﺪﻘﻣ
سﺮﺘﺳا زا ﻲﺼﺨﺸﻣ راﺪﻘﻣ ﺎﺑ داﺮﻓا و دﻮﺷ ﻮﻠﺟ ﻪﺑ ور ﺖﻛﺮﺣ
ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﺮﺗ ﻖﻓﻮﻣ .
ﻢﻬﻣ رﺎﻴﺴﺑ سﺮﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ﻪﻬﺟاﻮﻣ و لﺮﺘﻨﻛ هار ﻦﻳاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ
دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻒﻴﻌﻀﺗ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ دﺮﻴﮕﻧ مﺎﺠﻧا ﻲﺘﺳرد ﻪﺑ ﺮﮔا و ﺖﺳا دﻮﺷ داﺮﻓا ) 13 . ( سﺮﺘﺳا و باﺮﻄﺿا نﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣ ﺮﺑ دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻲﻠﻐﺷ نﺎﻧآ
راﺬﮔﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﺖﺳا
ﺚﻋﺎﺑ و ﻪﺑ نﺪﻣآدﻮﺟو فﺎﻜﺷ
ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﻲﻬﺟﻮﺗ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ
ﻪﺑ كرد نﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣ زا ﺶﻧاد نﺎﺸﻧازﻮﻣآ و
دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻪﻓﺮﺣ يا نﺎﻧآ
دﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ) 15
، 14 .(
ﻦﻳا ،ﻢﻴﻨﻛ ﻲﻣ باﺮﻄﺿا سﺎﺴﺣا ﻪﻛ ﻲﻧﺎﻣز ﺮﻫ
ﻪﺼﺨﺸﻣ و ﻲﺘﻴﺼﺨﺷ ﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ناور رﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ زا ﻲﻟﻮﺼﺤﻣ باﺮﻄﺿا
ﻢﻳراد راﺮﻗ نآ رد ﺎﻣ ﻪﻛ ﻲﺘﻴﻌﻗﻮﻣ يﺎﻫ
، ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ . ﻦﻴﻟوا ﺮﮔﺮﺑ ﻞﻴﭙﺷا
ﻲﺘﻔﺻ باﺮﻄﺿا ﺪﻌﺑ ود ﻪﺑ ار باﺮﻄﺿا ﻪﻛ دﻮﺑ يدﺮﻓ )
ﺘﻴﺼﺨﺷ ﻲ ( و
باﺮﻄﺿا ) ﻲﺘﻴﻌﻗﻮﻣ ( ﻲﺘﻟﺎﺣ دﺮﻛ ﻢﻴﺴﻘﺗ .
تﺎﻧﺎﺠﻴﻫ ﻪﺑ ﻲﺘﻟﺎﺣ باﺮﻄﺿا
باﺮﻄﺿا و دﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ قﻼﻃا ﺖﺳا هاﺮﻤﻫ ﺶﻨﺗ و ﻲﻧاﺮﮕﻧ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ﻲﺘﻗﻮﻣ ﻲﺘﻔﺻ
، ﻪﺑ ﺐﻠﻏا ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳا ﻲﺑﺎﺴﺘﻛا و راﺪﻳﺎﭘ ﺎﺘﺒﺴﻧ يرﺎﺘﻓر ﺶﻳاﺮﮔ
دﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﻒﻴﺻﻮﺗ ﻲﺘﻴﺼﺨﺷ ﻲﮔﮋﻳو ﻚﻳ ناﻮﻨﻋ )
16 .(
يﺎﻬﻟﺎﺳ رد
ﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨﺸﻧاور يﺎﻬﻧﺎﻣرد تاﺮﺛا ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺖﻬﺟ رد ﻲﻳﺎﻫ ﺖﻛﺮﺣ ﺮﻴﺧا
ناروﺎﺸﻣ زا يداﺪﻌﺗ و ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ترﻮﺻ ﻲﻠﻐﺷ سﺮﺘﺳا ﺶﻫﺎﻛ رد ﺎﻜﺷﺰﭙﻧاور و ناﺮﮕﻧﺎﻣرد ناور ،نﺎﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧاور ،ﻲﻠﻐﺷ
ﻚﻴﻨﻴﻠﻛ رد ن
ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻲﻣ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا نآ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻠﺑﺎﻘﻣ يﺎﻫ ﻚﻴﻨﻜﺗ زا هروﺎﺸﻣ يﺎﻫ )
17 .(
باﺮﻄﺿا و سﺮﺘﺳا لﺮﺘﻨﻛ يﺎﻬﻫار زا ﻲﻜﻳ
،
ﻲﺷزﻮﻣآ يﺎﻫ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ
ﺪﻨﻧاﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ ﻪﻛ ار ﻲﺘﺳرد يﺎﻬﻫار داﺮﻓا ﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳا سﺮﺘﺳا ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ
ﺪﻫد ﻲﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ ار نآ ﺮﺑ ﻪﺒﻠﻏ يﺎﻬﻫار و ﺪﻧﻮﺷ ﻪﺟاﻮﻣ سﺮﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ )
13 .(
يا ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ رد
ﺖﻓﺮﮔ مﺎﺠﻧا از ﺖﺴﺨﻧ نﺎﻧز زا ﻲﻫوﺮﮔ يور ﺮﺑ ﻪﻛ
ناﺰﻴﻣ رد يرادﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ سﺮﺘﺳا ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ شزﻮﻣآ
ﺖﻟﺎﺣ باﺮﻄﺿا /
ﺪﺷ ﺎﻬﻧآ يرادرﺎﺑ باﺮﻄﺿا ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ و ﺖﻔﺻ )
18 .(
باﺮﻄﺿا ﺶﻫﺎﻛ رد سﺮﺘﺳا ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ شزﻮﻣآ ﺮﮕﻳد يدراﻮﻣ رد
سﺮﺘﺳا ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ و ﻲﮔﺪﻋﺎﻗ زا ﺶﻴﭘ نﺎﮕﻧﺎﺸﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻼﺘﺒﻣ نﺎﻧز رﺎﻛ ﻲﻠﻐﺷ ﺖﺳا هدﻮﺑ ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ﻲﻧار ﻲﺘﺸﻛ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ نﺎﻨﻛ
) 19
، 13 .(
ﺮﻈﻧ
ترﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﺖﻛﺮﺷ باﺮﻄﺿا ﻲﻠﺒﻗ تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ رد ﻪﻜﻨﻳا ﻪﺑ
شزﻮﻣآ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳا زا ﺎﻣ فﺪﻫ ،هﺪﺷ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ ﻲﻠﻛ
نﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣ باﺮﻄﺿا ﺮﺑ سﺮﺘﺳا ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ )
ﻲﺘﻴﻌﻗﻮﻣ باﺮﻄﺿا ﻚﻴﻜﻔﺗ ﻪﺑ
ﻲﺘﻴﺼﺨﺷ و (
دﻮﺑ .
ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ شور
ﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻚﻳ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﺖﺳا ﻲﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﻪﻤﻴﻧ ﻪ
. ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ درﻮﻣ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ
سﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻢﺠﺣو ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ ﺪﺒﻴﻣ نﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ يﺎﻬﻧﺎﺘﺳﺮﻴﺑد ناﺮﻴﺑد دﻮﺟﻮﻣ تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ 100
ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻦﻳﺪﺑ ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ رد ﺮﻔﻧ 8
نﺎﺘﺳﺮﻴﺑد
) 4 و ﻪﻧاﺮﺘﺧد نﺎﺘﺳﺮﻴﺑد 4
ﻪﻧاﺮﺴﭘ نﺎﺘﺳﺮﻴﺑد (
و بﺎﺨﺘﻧا ﻲﻓدﺎﺼﺗ رﻮﻄﺑ
ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ دراو ﺎﻬﻧآ رد ﻞﻏﺎﺷ ﻦﻴﻤﻠﻌﻣ .
اﺰﺑا تﺎﻋﻼﻃا يروآدﺮﮔ ر
دﻮﺑ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ود .
ﻚﻴﻓاﺮﮔﻮﻣد تﺎﻋﻼﻃا ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ لوا ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻪﻛ
مود ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ و نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﺖﻛﺮﺷ
"
ﻲﺘﻴﻌﻗﻮﻣ باﺮﻄﺿا ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ -
ﺮﮔﺮﺑ ﻞﻴﭙﺷا ﻲﺘﻴﺼﺨﺷ
"
دﻮﺑ . ﺮﺑ ﻞﻤﺘﺸﻣ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻦﻳا ﻪﻛ 40
ﻪﻳﻮﮔ
ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳا 20
و ﻲﺘﻴﻌﻗﻮﻣ باﺮﻄﺿا ﻪﻳﻮﮔ 20
باﺮﻄﺿا ﻪﻳﻮﮔ
ﺪﻨﺠﻨﺳ ﻲﻣ ار ﻲﺘﻴﺼﺨﺷ .
ﻮﺳ تﺮﻜﻴﻟ سﺎﻴﻘﻣ سﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ تﻻا )
ﺎﺒﻳﺮﻘﺗ
ﻪﺸﻴﻤﻫ،تﺎﻗوا ﺐﻠﻏا،تﺎﻗوا ﻲﻀﻌﺑ،ﺰﮔﺮﻫ (
ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧا هﺪﺷ يﺪﻨﺑ ﻪﺟرد
زا ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ 1
ﺎﺗ 4
ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻦﻳﺪﺑ و دﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ هداد صﺎﺼﺘﺧا هﺮﻤﻧ
ﻦﻴﺑ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﺮﻫ رد بﺎﺴﺘﻛا ﻞﺑﺎﻗ هﺮﻤﻧ هدوﺪﺤﻣ 20
ﺎﺗ 80 ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ .
ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻞﻴﭙﺷا
ﺮﮔﺮﺑ زا رﺎﺒﺘﻋا ﻲﻤﻠﻋ رادرﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﻲﻳﻻﺎﺑ ﺖﺳا
و ﻪﺑ
ناﻮﻨﻋ نﻮﻣزآ دراﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳا درﻮﻣ
ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ . رد ﻦﻳا
ﻪﻣﺎﻧ ﺶﺳﺮﭘ
ﻒﻴﻔﺧ ﻪﺘﺳد ﻪﺳ ﻪﺑ باﺮﻄﺿا )
هﺮﻤﻧ 39 - 20 (
، ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ) هﺮﻤﻧ 59 - 40 (
ﺪﻳﺪﺷ و ) هﺮﻤﻧ 80 - 60 ( ددﺮﮔ ﻲﻣ ﻢﻴﺴﻘﺗ )
20 .(
ﻲﻳﺎﻳﺎﭘ و ﻲﻳاور
ﺖﻴﺑﺮﺗ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧاور هوﺮﮔ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻦﻳا ﻲﺳرﺎﻓ ﻪﺨﺴﻧ ﺖﺳا هﺪﻳدﺮﮔ ﻲﺑﺎﻳرﺎﺠﻨﻫ سرﺪﻣ )
21 .(
لوا ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ يﺎﻫ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﺖﻛﺮﺷ ﻲﻣﺎﻤﺗ ياﺮﺑ اﺪﺘﺑا رد
شزﻮﻣآ تﺎﺴﻠﺟ رد ﺎﺗ ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺳاﻮﺧ ﺎﻬﻧآ زا ﺲﭙﺳ و ﺪﺷ ﻞﻴﻤﻜﺗ
ترﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ سﺮﺘﺳا ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ 5
ﻪﺴﻠﺟ 120 ﻂﺳﻮﺗ و يا ﻪﻘﻴﻗد
ﻚﺷﺰﭙﻧاور ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﺖﻛﺮﺷ ﺪﺷ ﻲﻣ راﺰﮔﺮﺑ
.
هوﻼﻋ ﻲﺷزﻮﻣآ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ رد
ﺰﻴﻧ و يرﺎﺘﻓر و ﻲﻔﻃﺎﻋ ،ﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ فاﺪﻫا ،ﻪﺴﻠﺟ ﺮﻫ ﻲﻠﻛ فﺪﻫ ﺮﺑ
ﻲﺷزﻮﻣآ ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ،زﺎﻴﻧ درﻮﻣ ﻪﻧﺎﺳر ،شزﻮﻣآ شور ،ﻲﺷزﻮﻣآ ﻪﻄﻴﺣ
ياﺮﺑ مزﻻ نﺎﻣز تﺪﻣ ﺰﻴﻧ و ناﺮﻴﮔاﺮﻓ ﻲﺑﺎﻴﺷزرا هﻮﺤﻧ ،ناﺮﻴﮔاﺮﻓ دﻮﺑ هﺪﺷ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﻲﺷزﻮﻣآ فﺪﻫ ﺮﻫ ﻪﺑ نﺪﻴﺳر .
ﻮﺘﺤﻣ ﻲﺷزﻮﻣآ يا
ﻚﺷﺰﭙﻧاور ترﺎﻈﻧ ﺎﺑ و ﻦﻴﻘﻘﺤﻣ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ هﺪﺷ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ فاﺪﻫا سﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ ﺪﻳدﺮﮔ ﻪﻴﻬﺗ .
زا يا ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺎﺑ هاﺮﻤﻫ شزﻮﻣآ ﻪﺴﻠﺟ ﺮﻫ ﻲﻠﻛ فﺪﻫ ًﻼﻳذ
ددﺮﮔ ﻲﻣ ﻪﺋارا ﻪﺴﻠﺟ ﺮﻫ يرﺎﺘﻓر و ﻲﻔﻃﺎﻋ ،ﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ فﺪﻫ .
- ) لوا ﻪﺴﻠﺟ ( ﻲﻠﻛ فﺪﻫ :
نآ عاﻮﻧا و سﺮﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ﻲﻳﺎﻨﺷآ
ﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ فﺪﻫ :
ار دﺮﻓ رد سﺮﺘﺳا ﺶﻳاﺪﻴﭘ ﺪﻧور هﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﺖﻛﺮﺷ
ﺪﺳﺎﻨﺸﺑ . ﻲﻔﻃﺎﻋ فﺪﻫ :
هﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﺖﻛﺮﺷ بﻮﻠﻄﻣ يﺪﻳد
عاﻮﻧا و سﺮﺘﺳا ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ
ﺪﻨﻛ اﺪﻴﭘ نآ .
يرﺎﺘﻓر فﺪﻫ :
هﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﺖﻛﺮﺷ ﺎﺳ رﻮﻀﺣ رد ﺪﻧاﻮﺘﺑ
ﻳ ﺮ ﺖﻛﺮﺷ
نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﺿﻮﺗ ار دﺮﻓ رد سﺮﺘﺳا ﺶﻳاﺪﻴﭘ ﺪﻧور ﻴ
ﺢ ﺪﻫد .
- ) مود ﻪﺴﻠﺟ (
ﻲﻠﻛ فﺪﻫ :
و سﺮﺘﺳا دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺎﺑ نآ ﻪﻄﺑار داﺮﻓا
ﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ فﺪﻫ :
هﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﺖﻛﺮﺷ دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺎﺑ نآ ﻪﻄﺑار و سﺮﺘﺳا
ﻲﻨﻫذ
ﺪﻧاﺪﺑ ار داﺮﻓا .
ﻲﻔﻃﺎﻋ فﺪﻫ
:.
ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻨﻛ اﺪﻴﭘ روﺎﺑ هﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﺖﻛﺮﺷ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷاد ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ وا ﻲﻨﻫذ دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ يور ﺮﺑ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ سﺮﺘﺳا .
يرﺎﺘﻓر فاﺪﻫا :
هﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﺖﻛﺮﺷ ﺎﺳ رﻮﻀﺣ رد ﺪﻧاﻮﺘﺑ
ﻳ ﺮ ﺖﻛﺮﺷ
نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﺮﺘﺳا ﺿﻮﺗ ار دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺎﺑ نآ ﻪﻄﺑار و س ﻴ
ﺢ ﺪﻫد .
) - مﻮﺳ ﻪﺴﻠﺟ (
ﻲﻠﻛ فﺪﻫ :
سﺮﺘﺳا ضراﻮﻋ و ﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﺎﺸﻧ
ﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ فﺪﻫ :
هﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﺖﻛﺮﺷ ﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﺎﺸﻧ
ي ﻤﺴﺟ ﻲ سﺮﺘﺳا ار
ﺪﻧاﺪﺑ . ﻲﻔﻃﺎﻋ فﺪﻫ :
ار سﺮﺘﺳا ﻲﻤﺴﺟ يﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﺎﺸﻧ هﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﺖﻛﺮﺷ
دﺮﻳﺬﭙﺑ . يرﺎﺘﻓر فﺪﻫ :
هﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﺖﻛﺮﺷ ﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﺎﺸﻧ ﺪﻧاﻮﺘﺑ
ي ﻤﺴﺟ ﻲ سﺮﺘﺳا
ار ﺺﻴﺨﺸﺗ دﻮﺧ رد ﺪﻫد
.
) مرﺎﻬﭼ ﻪﺴﻠﺟ (
ﻲﻠﻛ فﺪﻫ :
ﺎﺑ ﻪﻠﺑﺎﻘﻣ يﺎﻫ هﻮﻴﺷ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻳﺎﻨﺷآ
سﺮﺘﺳا ﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ فﺪﻫ :
هﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﺖﻛﺮﺷ ﺷ
ﻴ هﻮ ﺎﻫ ي سﺮﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ﻪﻠﺑﺎﻘﻣ ار
ﺪﻧاﺪﺑ . ﻲﻔﻃﺎﻋ فﺪﻫ :
ﻪﻠﺌﺴﻣ ﻪﻠﺑﺎﻘﻣ هﻮﻴﺷ ندﻮﺑ ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ﻪﺑ هﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﺖﻛﺮﺷ
دﻮﺷ ﺪﻘﺘﻌﻣ سﺮﺘﺳا ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ رد راﺪﻣ .
يرﺎﺘﻓر فﺪﻫ :
رد ﺪﻧاﻮﺘﺑ هﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﺖﻛﺮﺷ سﺮﺘﺳا زوﺮﺑ ترﻮﺻ
ﺷ ﻴ هﻮ ﺎﻫ ي ﻪﻠﺑﺎﻘﻣ دﺪﻨﺑ رﺎﻜﺑ ار سﺮﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ يا .
) ﻢﺠﻨﭘ ﻪﺴﻠﺟ (
ﻲﻠﻛ فﺪﻫ :
زا يﺮﻴﮕﺸﻴﭘ يﺎﻫ هار ﺎﺑ ﻲﻳﺎﻨﺷآ
سﺮﺘﺳا ﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ فﺪﻫ :
هﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﺖﻛﺮﺷ ﺷ
ﻴ هﻮ زﺎﺳ مارآ ﺪﻧاﺪﺑ ار ي .
ﻲﻔﻃﺎﻋ فﺪﻫ :
ﻲﺸﺨﺑﺮﺛا هﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﺖﻛﺮﺷ ﺷ
ﻴ هﻮ زﺎﺳ مارآ ي ار
ﺪﺼﺗ ﻳ ﻖ ﺎﻤﻧ ﻳ ﺪ .
يرﺎﺘﻓر فﺪﻫ :
رد ار يزﺎﺳ مارآ هﻮﻴﺷ هﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﺖﻛﺮﺷ ترﻮﺻ
دﺮﻴﮔ رﺎﻜﺑ ﻲﮔﺪﻧز رد موﺰﻟ .
شور ﻪﺑ ﻚﺷﺰﭙﻧاور ﻲﻧاﺮﻨﺨﺳ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ هﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ رﺎﻜﺑ ﻲﺷزﻮﻣآ و ﺶﺳﺮﭘ ﻦﻳا رد ﻪﻛ دﻮﺑ ﺰﻴﻧ ﺦﺳﺎﭘ و ﺶﺳﺮﭘ و ﺖﻨﻳﻮﭘ روﺎﭘ هاﺮﻤﻫ
هرﺎﺷا نآ ﻪﺑ نﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻨﻴﻋ يﺎﻬﻗاﺪﺼﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻚﺷﺰﭙﻧاور ﺦﺳﺎﭘ
دﺮﻛ ﻲﻣ ﻪﺋارا ار ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻲﻫد ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ،ﺪﻧدﺮﻛ ﻲﻣ .
رد ﺶﺨﺑ ﻦﻳا
داد ﻲﻣ ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗ ار ﻲﺷزﻮﻣآ ﻪﺴﻠﺟ ﺮﻫ مرﺎﻬﭼ ﻚﻳ دوﺪﺣ .
هﺎﻣ ود
ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ يﺎﻫ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ نﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣ نﺎﻤﻫ ياﺮﺑ ادﺪﺠﻣ شزﻮﻣآ زا ﺲﭘ
ﺪﺷ ﻞﻴﻤﻜﺗ مود .
ﺎﻫ هداد يﺪﻨﺑ ﺪﻛ زا ﺲﭘ
، يﺎﻬﻧﻮﻣزآ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ
راﺰﻓا مﺮﻧ رد ﺲﻧﺎﻳراو ﺰﻴﻟﺎﻧآ و ﻲﺗ )
SPSS (16 ﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ درﻮﻣ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ
ﺖﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ و .
ﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳا رد 48
% و دﺮﻣ نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﺖﻛﺮﺷ 52
% نز ﺎﻬﻧآ
ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ . 6 / 58 % ﻲﻨﺳ هوﺮﮔ رد ﺎﻬﻧآ 39
- 30 و ﺪﻨﺘﺷاد راﺮﻗ ﻪﻟﺎﺳ 94
%
ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ ﻞﻫﺎﺘﻣ ﺎﻬﻧآ .
ﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗ كرﺪﻣ 82
% دﻮﺑ ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﻛ ﺎﻬﻧآ .
42 %
ﻦﻴﺑ ﺲﻳرﺪﺗ ﻪﻘﺑﺎﺳ
20 - 10 و ﺪﻨﺘﺷاد لﺎﺳ 60
% زا ﺶﻴﺑ ﻪﺘﻔﻫ رد ﺎﻬﻧآ
23 ﺪﻨﺘﺷاد ﺲﻳرﺪﺗ ﺖﻋﺎﺳ .
مﺎﺠﻧا زا ﻞﺒﻗ
نﺎﻧز رد ﻲﺘﻴﻌﻗﻮﻣ باﺮﻄﺿا هﺮﻤﻧ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻪﻠﺧاﺪﻣ
86 /
±7 97 / 40 نادﺮﻣ رد و 29
/
±6 06 / 40 باﺮﻄﺿا هﺮﻤﻧ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ و
ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻬﻧآ رد ﻲﺘﻴﺼﺨﺷ 06
/
±8 48 / 40 و 43 /
±6 90 / 37 دﻮﺑ . ﻲﻟو
دﻮﺒﻧ رادﺎﻨﻌﻣ يرﺎﻣآ ﺮﻈﻧ زا ﺲﻨﺟ ود ﻦﻴﺑ دﻮﺟﻮﻣ فﻼﺘﺧا .
ﻦﻴﺑ رد ﻪﻠﺧاﺪﻣ زا ﻞﺒﻗ ﻲﺘﻴﺼﺨﺷ باﺮﻄﺿا هﺮﻤﻧ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ يﺎﻬﻫوﺮﮔ
دﻮﺑ رادﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﻪﺘﻔﻫ رد ﺲﻳرﺪﺗ تﺎﻋﺎﺳ ﺮﻈﻧ زا ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ
) 016 / p=0 ( ﻪﺑ
ﺎﺗ ﺲﻳرﺪﺗ ﺖﻋﺎﺳ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ يرﻮﻃ 23
باﺮﻄﺿا ﻪﺘﻔﻫ رد ﺖﻋﺎﺳ
يﻻﺎﺑ ﺲﻳرﺪﺗ تﺎﻋﺎﺳ رد و ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ﻲﺘﻴﺼﺨﺷ
23
تﺪﺷ ﻪﺑ ﺖﻋﺎﺳ
ﺖﻓﺎﻳ ﻲﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ .
ﺮﻈﻧ زا ﻪﻠﺧاﺪﻣ زا ﻞﺒﻗ ﻲﺘﻴﺼﺨﺷ و ﻲﺘﻴﻌﻗﻮﻣ باﺮﻄﺿا هﺮﻤﻧ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﺮﻳﺎﺳ
ﻞﻏﺎﺷ ،ﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗ كرﺪﻣ ،ﻞﻫﺎﺗ ﺖﻴﻌﺿو ،ﻦﺳ ﻞﺜﻣ ﺎﻫﺮ
داﺪﻧ نﺎﺸﻧ ار يرادﺎﻨﻌﻣ فﻼﺘﺧا ﺲﻳرﺪﺗ ﻪﻘﺑﺎﺳ و ﺮﺴﻤﻫ ندﻮﺑ .
ﻦﻴﺑ
باﺮﻄﺿا ﻲﻠﻛ هﺮﻤﻧ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ )
ﻲﺘﻴﻌﻗﻮﻣ و ﻲﺘﻴﺼﺨﺷ (
زا ﺪﻌﺑ و ﻞﺒﻗ
ﺪﺸﻧ هﺪﻳد يرادﺎﻨﻌﻣ توﺎﻔﺗ ﻪﻠﺧاﺪﻣ مﺎﺠﻧا .
هﺮﻤﻧ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ
زا ﺪﻌﺑ و ﻞﺒﻗ ﻲﺘﻴﺼﺨﺷ و ﻲﺘﻴﻌﻗﻮﻣ باﺮﻄﺿا لوﺪﺟ رد ﻪﻠﺧاﺪﻣ
1
ﺖﺳا هﺪﻣآ .
لوﺪﺟ
1 : ﻪﻠﺧاﺪﻣ زا ﺪﻌﺑ و ﻞﺒﻗ ﻲﺘﻴﺼﺨﺷ باﺮﻄﺿا و ﻲﺘﻴﻌﻗﻮﻣ باﺮﻄﺿا تاﺮﻤﻧ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ
ﻪﻠﺧاﺪﻣ زا ﻞﺒﻗ ﻪﻠﺧاﺪﻣ زا ﺪﻌﺑ
نﻮﻣزآ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ
ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ
رﺎﻴﻌﻣ فاﺮﺤﻧا ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ
رﺎﻴﻌﻣ فاﺮﺤﻧا
ﻲﺘﻴﻌﻗﻮﻣ باﺮﻄﺿا
65 / 40 10
/ 7 87
/ 38 90
/ 6 019
/
*0
ﻲﺘﻴﺼﺨﺷ باﺮﻄﺿا
74 / 38 33
/ 7 53
/ 38 56
/ 6 709
/ 0
ﻪﻠﺧاﺪﻣ زا ﺪﻌﺑ ﻲﺘﻴﻌﻗﻮﻣ باﺮﻄﺿا هﺮﻤﻧ )
87 / 38 ( ار يرادﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ
ﻪﻠﺧاﺪﻣ زا ﻞﺒﻗ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ )
65 / 40 ( داد نﺎﺸﻧ ) 019 / p=0 .(
ترﺎﺒﻋ ﻪﺑ
ﻲﺘﻴﻌﻗﻮﻣ باﺮﻄﺿا ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﺐﺟﻮﻣ سﺮﺘﺳا ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ شزﻮﻣآ ﺮﮕﻳد
ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ .
ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻦﻳﺪﺑ 6
/ 65
زا ﻪﻠﺧاﺪﻣ زا ﻞﺒﻗ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ درﻮﻣ نﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣ زا ﺪﺻرد
و ﻲﺘﻴﻌﻗﻮﻣ باﺮﻄﺿا ظﺎﺤﻟ 7
/ 72
باﺮﻄﺿا ظﺎﺤﻟ ﻪﺑ ﺪﺻرد
و ﺪﻨﺘﺷاد راﺮﻗ ﻒﻴﻔﺧ ﺢﻄﺳ رد ﻲﺘﻴﺼﺨﺷ 4
/ 34 ﻪﺑ نﺎﻧآ زا ﺪﺻرد
و ﻲﺘﻴﻌﻗﻮﻣ باﺮﻄﺿا ظﺎﺤﻟ 3
/ 27
باﺮﻄﺿا ظﺎﺤﻟ ﻪﺑ ﺪﺻرد
ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ يﺎﺟ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ رد ﻲﺘﻴﺼﺨﺷ .
ﻌﺑ ﺎﻫﺪﺻرد ﻦﻳا ﺎﻣا زا ﺪ
ﺖﻓﺎﻳ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻞﻳذ حﺮﺷ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻠﺧاﺪﻣ
، ﻪﻛ ترﻮﺻ ﻦﻳﺪﺑ 3
/ 71
رد ﺪﺻرد
و ﻒﻴﻔﺧ ﻲﺘﻴﻌﻗﻮﻣ باﺮﻄﺿا ﺢﻄﺳ 7
/ 38
ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ رد ﺪﺻرد
ﺰﻴﻧ ﻲﺘﻴﺼﺨﺷ باﺮﻄﺿا ظﺎﺤﻟ ﻪﺑ و ﺪﻨﺘﺷاد راﺮﻗ 4
/ 77
رد ﺪﺻرد
و ﻒﻴﻔﺧ باﺮﻄﺿا ﺢﻄﺳ 6
/ 22
ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ باﺮﻄﺿا ﺢﻄﺳ رد ﺪﺻرد
ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ .
ﺨﺷ و ﻲﺘﻴﻌﻗﻮﻣ باﺮﻄﺿا هﺮﻤﻧ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ زا ﺪﻌﺑ ﻲﺘﻴﺼ
ناﺰﻴﻣ ،ﻦﺳ ،ﺲﻨﺟ ﺮﻈﻧ زا ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ هوﺮﮔ ﻦﻴﺑ رد ﻪﻠﺧاﺪﻣ
فﻼﺘﺧا ﻪﺘﻔﻫ رد ﺲﻳرﺪﺗ تﺎﻋﺎﺳ و ﻞﻫﺎﺗ ﺖﻴﻌﺿو ،تﻼﻴﺼﺤﺗ
داﺪﻧ نﺎﺸﻧ ار يرادﺎﻨﻌﻣ .
زا ﺪﻌﺑ ﻲﺘﻴﺼﺨﺷ باﺮﻄﺿا هﺮﻤﻧ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﺎﻣا
يﺎﻬﻟﺎﺳ داﺪﻌﺗ ﺮﻈﻧ زا نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﺖﻛﺮﺷ ﻦﻴﺑ رد ﻪﻠﺧاﺪﻣ مﺎﺠﻧا
ﺲﻳرﺪﺗ ) ﺲﻳرﺪﺗ ﻪﻘﺑﺎﺳ (
دﻮﺑ رادﺎﻨﻌﻣ )
049 / p=0 .(
يداﺮﻓا ﻪﻜﻳرﻮﻄﺑ
يﻻﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ 20
ﺎﻬﻨﺗ ﻪﻧ ﻪﻠﺧاﺪﻣ زا ﺪﻌﺑ ،ﺪﻨﺘﺷاد ﺲﻳرﺪﺗ ﻪﻘﺑﺎﺳ لﺎﺳ
ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﻢﻫ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ﻪﻜﻠﺑ دﻮﺑ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻴﻧ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ نﺎﺷ ﻲﺘﻴﺼﺨﺷ باﺮﻄﺿا
دﻮﺑ .
لوﺪﺟ 2 : يا ﻪﻨﻴﻣز يﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﺐﺴﺣ ﺮﺑ ﻪﻠﺧاﺪﻣ زا ﺪﻌﺑ و ﻞﺒﻗ ﻲﺘﻴﻌﻗﻮﻣ باﺮﻄﺿا تاﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ
باﺮﻄﺿا ﺖﻴﻌﺿو
ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ زاﺪﻌﺑ و ﻞﺒﻗ ﻲﺘﻴﻌﻗﻮﻣ باﺮﻄﺿا هﺮﻤﻧ فﻼﺘﺧا
ﺪﻣ ﻪﻠﺧا نﻮﻣزآ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ
ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ رﺎﻴﻌﻣ فاﺮﺤﻧا
ﻦﺳ 29
- 20 142
/ 1 - 234
/ 8 828
/ 0
39 - 30 094
/ 2 - 901
/ 6
49 - 40 476
/ 0 - 384
/ 6
يﻻﺎﺑ 50 لﺎﺳ 2
- 477
/ 5
ﺲﻨﺟ دﺮﻣ
487 / 2 - 520
/ 6 388
/ 0
نز 191
/ 1 - 197
/ 7
ﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗ كرﺪﻣ
ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﻛ 426
/ 1 - 62
/ 6 396
/ 0
ﺪﺷرا ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﻛ 230
/ 3 - 75
/ 8
ﻪﻧﺎﻫﺎﻣ ﺪﻣآرد
زا ﺮﺘﻤﻛ 500 نﺎﻣﻮﺗ راﺰﻫ 384
/ 1 - 747
/ 6
729 / 0
700 - 500 نﺎﻣﻮﺗ راﺰﻫ 500
/ 2 - 837
/ 7
900 - 700 نﺎﻣﻮﺗ راﺰﻫ 357
/ 0 - 634
/ 4
يﻻﺎﺑ 900 نﺎﻣﻮﺗ راﺰﻫ 0
2
ﺲﻳرﺪﺗ ﻪﻘﺑﺎﺳ
زا ﺮﺘﻤﻛ 10 لﺎﺳ 529
/ 1 - 067
/ 7 841
/ 0
20 - 10 لﺎﺳ 939
/ 1 - 850
/ 6
يﻻﺎﺑ 20 لﺎﺳ 750
/ 2 - 255
/ 6
ﺲﻳرﺪﺗ تﺎﻋﺎﺳ
ﻪﺘﻔﻫ رد زا ﺮﺘﻤﻛ
15 ﺖﻋﺎﺳ 827
/ 1 - 020
/ 7 465
/ 0
23 - 15 ﺖﻋﺎﺳ 285
/ 1 696
/ 7
يﻻﺎﺑ 23 ﺖﻋﺎﺳ 180
/ 2 - 739
/ 6
لوﺪﺟ
3 : ﻲﺘﻴﺼﺨﺷ باﺮﻄﺿا تاﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ يا ﻪﻨﻴﻣز يﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﺐﺴﺣ ﺮﺑ ﻪﻠﺧاﺪﻣ زا ﺪﻌﺑ و ﻞﺒﻗ
و ﺚﺤﺑ يﺮﻴﮔ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ
يﺎﻫ ترﺎﻬﻣ شزﻮﻣآ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ناﺰﻴﻣ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ
يﺎﻬﻧﺎﺘﺳﺮﻴﺑد ﻦﻴﻤﻠﻌﻣ رد باﺮﻄﺿا ﺖﻴﻌﺿو ﺮﺑ سﺮﺘﺳا ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ
ﺖﻓﺮﮔ مﺎﺠﻧا ﺪﺒﻴﻣ نﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ .
شزﻮﻣآ ﻪﻛ داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﻳا
رد ﻲﺘﻴﻌﻗﻮﻣ باﺮﻄﺿا هﺮﻤﻧ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ سﺮﺘﺳا ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ
ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ نﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣ ﻦﻴﺑ .
ﺎﺑ سﺮﺘﺳا ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ شزﻮﻣآ ﺮﮕﻳد ترﺎﺒﻋ ﻪﺑ
يﺎﻫ ﻚﻴﻨﻜﺗ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا و ﺖﻴﻌﻗﻮﻣ زا داﺮﻓا كرد ﺢﻄﺳ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا
دﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﻲﺘﻴﻌﻗﻮﻣ باﺮﻄﺿا ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﺐﺟﻮﻣ يزﺎﺳ مارآ .
ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻦﻳا
ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﺮﺑ ﻲﻨﺒﻣ ﻲﻠﺒﻗ ﻪﺑﺎﺸﻣ تﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ يﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺎﺑ ﻮﺴﻤﻫ ﺖﺳا ﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨﺸﻧاور تﻼﺧاﺪﻣ )
25 - 22 .(
باﺮﻄﺿا ﺎﺑ طﺎﺒﺗرا رد
ﺪﺸﻧ هﺪﻳد شزﻮﻣآ ﺮﺛا رد ﻲﺸﻫﺎﻛ ﻲﺘﻴﺼﺨﺷ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ
دراد ﻲﻧاﻮﺨﻤﻫ نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ و نﺎﻳرﺎﻤﻌﻣ )
25 .(
ﻪﻠﺧاﺪﻣ ﺮﮕﻳد ترﺎﺒﻋ ﻪﺑ
باﺮﻄﺿا ﺖﻴﻌﺿو
ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﺪﻌﺑ و ﻞﺒﻗ ﻲﺘﻴﺼﺨﺷ باﺮﻄﺿا هﺮﻤﻧ فﻼﺘﺧا
ﻪﻠﺧاﺪﻣ زا نﻮﻣزآ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ
ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ رﺎﻴﻌﻣ فاﺮﺤﻧا
ﻦﺳ 29
- 20 833
/ 2 - 250
/ 3 179
/ 0
39 - 30 604
/ 0 - 561
/ 5
49 - 40 087
/ 1 833
/ 3
يﻻﺎﺑ 50 لﺎﺳ 750
/ 2 095
/ 3
ﺲﻨﺟ دﺮﻣ
350 / 0 917
/ 4 329
/ 0
نز 738
/ 0 - 104
/ 5
ﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗ كرﺪﻣ
ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﻛ 21
/ 0 - 62
/ 6 769
/ 0
ﺪﺷرا ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﻛ 27
/ 0 75
/ 8
ﻪﻧﺎﻫﺎﻣ ﺪﻣآرد
زا ﺮﺘﻤﻛ 500 نﺎﻣﻮﺗ راﺰﻫ 863
/ 0 - 531
/ 5
739 / 0
700 - 500 نﺎﻣﻮﺗ راﺰﻫ 146
/ 0 222
/ 5
900 - 700 نﺎﻣﻮﺗ راﺰﻫ 666
/ 0 618
/ 3
يﻻﺎﺑ 900 نﺎﻣﻮﺗ راﺰﻫ 666
/ 1 - 081
/ 2
ﺲﻳرﺪﺗ ﻪﻘﺑﺎﺳ
زا ﺮﺘﻤﻛ 10 لﺎﺳ 718
/ 1 - 519
/ 5 009
/ 0 *
20 - 10 لﺎﺳ 161
/ 0 - 908
/ 3
يﻻﺎﺑ 20 لﺎﺳ 875
/ 2 410
/ 4
رد ﺲﻳرﺪﺗ تﺎﻋﺎﺳ ﻪﺘﻔﻫ زا ﺮﺘﻤﻛ
15 ﺖﻋﺎﺳ 607
/ 0 349
/ 5 105
/ 0
23 - 15 ﺖﻋﺎﺳ 375
/ 2 199
/ 2
يﻻﺎﺑ 23 ﺖﻋﺎﺳ 152
/ 1 - 979
/ 4
ﺶﻫﺎﻛ رد ﻲﻟو ﻪﺘﺷاد يدﺎﻳز ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﻲﺘﻴﻌﻗﻮﻣ باﺮﻄﺿا ﺶﻫﺎﻛ رد ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﺷاﺪﻧ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﻲﺘﻔﺻ باﺮﻄﺿا )
26 .(
ﻪﻛ ﺐﻠﻄﻣ ﻦﻳا ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ
باﺮﻄﺿا ﻪﺑ ﺶﻳاﺮﮔ رد يدﺮﻓ يﺎﻫ توﺎﻔﺗ زا ﻲﺷﺎﻧ ﻲﺘﻴﺼﺨﺷ
و ﺖﺳا هﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﺪﻳﺪﻬﺗ ترﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ سﺮﺘﺳا ﺖﻴﻌﻗﻮﻣ ﻲﺑﺎﻳزرا ﺎﻳ كاردا
و هدﻮﺒﻧ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﻲﮔدﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺳا دﺮﻓ ﺖﻴﺼﺨﺷ زا ﻲﺋﺰﺟ ﻊﻗاو رد ﻊﻴﺳو يﺎﻬﺷزﻮﻣآ و ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ نﺎﻣز تﺪﻣ ﺪﺒﻠﻃ ﻲﻣ ار يﺮﺗ
) 28
، 27 .(
ﺎﺑ
ﺮﮕﻳد ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ود رد لﺎﺣ ﻦﻳا
، ﺪﻣ مﺎﺠﻧا زا ﺲﭘ ﻪﻠﺧا
، ﻪﺒﻨﺟ ود ﺮﻫ
دﻮﺑ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﻲﺘﻴﺼﺨﺷ و ﻲﺘﻴﻌﻗﻮﻣ باﺮﻄﺿا ﻲﻨﻌﻳ باﺮﻄﺿا
) 30
، 29 .(
ﻪﺑ سﺮﺘﺳا نﺪﺷ ﻦﻣﺰﻣ ﺮﺛا رد باﺮﻄﺿا ﻪﻛ ﻲﻳﺎﺠﻧآ زا
ﺶﻫﺎﻛ رد شزﻮﻣآ ندﻮﺒﻧ ﺮﺛﻮﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ و ﺪﻳآ ﻲﻣ دﻮﺟو
ﻲﺘﻴﺼﺨﺷ باﺮﻄﺿا
،
ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ شزﻮﻣآ ﻪﻛ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ناﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ
باﺮﻄﺿا ﺮﺑ ﺎﻬﻨﺗ سﺮﺘﺳا
راﺬﮔﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ تﺪﻣ هﺎﺗﻮﻛ رد دﺎﺣ ﺎﻳ ﻲﺘﻴﻌﻗﻮﻣ
ﻪﺑ زﺎﻴﻧ ﻲﺘﻴﺼﺨﺷ باﺮﻄﺿا يور ﺮﺑ نآ يراﺬﮔﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﺎﻣا ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ دراد يﺮﺗ ﻲﻧﻻﻮﻃ يﺎﻫ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ .
نﺎﻣز تﺪﻣ نﺪﺷ ﻲﻧﻻﻮﻃ زا ﺲﭘ
باﺮﻄﺿا ﻪﺑ نﺪﺷ ﻞﻳﺪﺒﺗ ﺖﻳﺎﻬﻧ رد و نآ نﺪﺷ ﻦﻣﺰﻣ و سﺮﺘﺳا
ﻲﺘﻴﺼﺨﺷ
، دﻮﻤﻧ ﺎﻔﺘﻛا سﺮﺘﺳا ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ شزﻮﻣآ ﺮﺑ ﺎﻬﻨﺗ ناﻮﺗ ﻲﻤﻧ
ﻪﻜﻠﺑ ﻲﺒﻴﻛﺮﺗ و ﻞﻤﻜﻣ يﺎﻬﺷور زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﻳ و عاﺪﺑا ﻪﺑ زﺎﻴﻧ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ . شزﻮﻣآ ﻦﻴﺑ هﺎﺗﻮﻛ ﻲﻧﺎﻣز ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺮﮕﻳد يﻮﺳ زا
نﻮﻣزآ ﺲﭘ مﺎﺠﻧا و
، ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ ﻦﻳا ﺮﮔا ﻪﻛ دراد دﻮﺟو لﺎﻤﺘﺣا ﻦﻳا
دﺮﻛ ﻲﻣ اﺪﻴﭘ دﻮﻤﻧ شزﻮﻣآ ﺮﺛا ﺪﻳﺎﺷ دﻮﺑ ﺮﺗ ﻲﻧﻻﻮﻃ .
ﺿا ﺮﺑ ﻲﺷزﻮﻣآ ﻪﻠﺧاﺪﻣ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ
ﻦﻴﺑ رد ﻲﺘﻴﺼﺨﺷ و ﻲﺘﻴﻌﻗﻮﻣ باﺮﻄ
فﻼﺘﺧا ﻪﻧﺎﻫﺎﻣ ﺪﻣآرد ناﺰﻴﻣ و ﺲﻨﺟ،ﻦﺳ ﺮﻈﻧ زا ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻬﻫوﺮﮔ داﺪﻧ نﺎﺸﻧ ار يرادﺎﻨﻌﻣ .
ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺲﻳرﺪﺗ ﻪﻘﺑﺎﺳ ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻄﺑار رد ﺎﻣا ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ زا ﺲﻳرﺪﺗ يﺎﻬﻟﺎﺳ داﺪﻌﺗ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ دﻮﺑ ﻦﻳا زا ﻲﻛﺎﺣ
ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺳﺎﻛ ناﺮﻴﺑد ﻲﺘﻴﺼﺨﺷ باﺮﻄﺿا ﺮﺑ شزﻮﻣآ .
ﺎﺑ داﺮﻓا ﻦﻴﺑ رد ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳا ﻪﻴﺟﻮﺗ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺐﻠﻄﻣ ﻦﻳا ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗﺎﺑ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻦﻳا هرادا ﻲﻳﺎﻧاﻮﺗ زا نﺎﻨﻴﻤﻃا مﺪﻋ و ﻪﺑﺮﺠﺗ دﻮﺒﻤﻛ ﺮﺘﻤﻛ رﺎﻛ ﻪﻘﺑﺎﺳ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻨﻛ ﻞﻤﻋ از سﺮﺘﺳا ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ﻚﻳ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ سﻼﻛ ﺐﻠﻏا ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ رﺎﻛ ﻪﻘﺑﺎﺳ ﺎﺑ داﺮﻓا ﺎﻣا ﺖﺳا نﺪﺷ ﻊﻓر ﻞﺑﺎﻗ شزﻮﻣآ و قﻮﻘﺣ ﺖﻴﻌﺿو ﻞﺜﻣ ﻲﻠﻳﺎﺴﻣ رد ﺎﻬﻧآ ﺖﻴﻌﺿو و ﺎﻫ ﻪﻤﻴﺑ و ﺎﻳاﺰﻣ
ﻪﻜﺘﺳا هﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ از سﺮﺘﺳا ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺸﻧزﺎﺑ نارود دﺮﻴﮔ ﻲﻣ راﺮﻗ شزﻮﻣآ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﺖﺤﺗ ﺮﺘﻤﻛ .
ﺎﺑ داﺮﻓا ﻦﻳا ﺮﮕﻳد ﻲﻳﻮﺳ زا
ﺮﺠﻨﻣ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ دﻮﺧ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﻲﻠﻐﺷ ﻲﮔدﻮﺳﺮﻓ رﺎﭼد نﺎﻣز رﺬﮔ دﻮﺷ ﺎﻬﻧآ رد سﺮﺘﺳا سﺎﺴﺣا ﻪﺑ .
ﻄﺿا يﻻﺎﺑ ﺢﻄﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺮﻈﻧ يﺎﻫ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ مﺎﺠﻧا تروﺮﺿ و نﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣ رد باﺮ
يا ﻪﻠﺧاﺪﻣ
،
ﺶﻫﺎﻛ رد ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺮﺑ ﻲﻨﺘﺒﻣ سﺮﺘﺳا ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ يﺎﻬﺷزﻮﻣآ
باﺮﻄﺿا ) صﻮﺼﺧ ﻪﺑ ﻲﺘﻴﻌﻗﻮﻣ باﺮﻄﺿا
( ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻖﻓﻮﻣ .
ﺎﻫ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻦﻳا
دﺮﻓ ﺖﺧﺎﻨﺷ نﺎﻜﻣا ﺪﻧﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﻪﺋارا دﺮﻓ ﻪﺑ مﺎﮔ ﻪﺑ مﺎﮔ ترﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﻢﻫاﺮﻓ نآ ياز سﺮﺘﺳا ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ و ﻂﻴﺤﻣ زا ار ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ رد و
شزﻮﻣآ يو ﻪﺑ ار ﺎﻫ ﺖﻴﻌﻗﻮﻣ ﻦﻳا ﺎﺑ ﺖﺳرد ﻪﻠﺑﺎﻘﻣ يﺎﻫ ﺦﺳﺎﭘ يﺪﻌﺑ داﺮﻓا باﺮﻄﺿا نآ لﺎﺒﻧد ﻪﺑ و سﺮﺘﺳا ناﺰﻴﻣ ﺖﻳﺎﻬﻧ رد و ﺪﻨﻫد ﻲﻣ ﺪﺑﺎﻳ ﻲﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ .
تادﺎﻬﻨﺸﻴﭘ
رد ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ نﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣ سﺮﺘﺳا ﺖﻴﻌﺿو ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﻳا رد ﻪﻜﻨﻳا ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ يدﺮﻓ يﺎﻫ ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻄﺑار )
و ﺪﻣارد،ﻦﺳ ،رﺎﻛ ﻪﻘﺑﺎﺳ (...
ﺮﺑ درﻮﻣ ر ﻲﺳ
و رﺎﻛ ﻂﻴﺤﻣ رد ﻪﻛ ﻲﻠﻣاﻮﻋ زا يرﺎﻴﺴﺑ صﻮﺼﺧ رد و ﺖﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ
نﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣ سﺮﺘﺳا ياﺮﺑ ﻲﻌﺑﺎﻨﻣ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻨﻧاﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺢﻄﺳ رد رﺎﻨﻛ رد ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﺴﻳﺎﺷ اﺬﻟ ﺪﻣﺎﻴﻧ نﺎﻴﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻲﺘﺒﺤﺻ ﺪﻨﻳآ رﺎﻤﺸﺑ
شزﻮﻣآ
هداد نﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣ ﻪﺑ از سﺮﺘﺳا يﺎﻫ ﺖﻴﻌﻗﻮﻣ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ
دﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ . و يرﺎﻛ يﺎﻫ ﻂﻴﺤﻣ دﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﻲﮕﻧﻮﮕﭼ ﻪﻨﻴﻣز رد ﺰﻴﻧ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ
سراﺪﻣ ﻦﻴﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ و ﻦﻳﺪﻟاو ،نازﻮﻣآ ﺶﻧاد ﺎﺑ نﺎﻤﻠﻌﻣ ﻂﺑاور ءﺎﻘﺗرا يﺎﺘﺳار رد ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ و ﻲﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣ قﻮﻘﺣ و تارﺎﻈﺘﻧا ﺎﺗ دﺮﻴﮔ مﺎﺠﻧا دﻮﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ رﺎﻜﺑ ﺮﻣا ﻦﻳا ﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﻪﭼ ﺮﻫ ﻖﻘﺤﺗ .
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Effect of Stress Management Skills Education on Anxiety Status Among Teachers in Meybod High Schools on 2012
Servat F(BS) 1, Morowatisharifabad MA(Ph.D)2, SadeghipoorMA(MD)3, Rezaeipandari H(M.Sc)4, Fallahian Firoozabadi MH(BS)1, MehrabbeikA(Ph.D)5, Ghandari HosseinabadiZ(BS)1
1. Bs in Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences
2. Corrspounding author: Professor, Elderly Health Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences 3.MD, Yazd welfar organization
4. M.Sc in Health Education, Elderly Health Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences 5. PhD student in Health Education and Promotion, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences
Abstract
Introduction: stress is an effective factor on peoples practice and can threat the health of people and teaching is an stress full job in the world. Anxiety is a diseases or a psychological symptom of the stress. Researches show a direct association between stress and anxiety. Teacher's anxiety can effects the teaching quality and Barricade a continues communication between teacher and student during teaching. Some part of anxiety conducive factors is job related factors and some are related to their personality. As in the literature, only the anxiety status of teachers.
Methods: the quasi-experimental study was carried out on 100 persons of teachers of 8 high schools of Meybod districts which were selected randomly. Data collection tool was questionnaire including demographic section and spilberger situational and personality anxiety scale. Intervention program included 5 educational sessions of stress management which handled by a psychiatrist. A pre-test was carried out before intervention and the post-test carried out two month after intervention. Data were analyzed using t-test and ANOVA by SPSS 16.
Results: the mean of personality anxiety score among teachers were 38/74±7/33 before intervention and 38/53±6/56 after intervention and the mean score of situational anxiety was 40/65±7/10 before intervention and 38/87±6/90 after intervention. The intervention program was not statistically significant in reducing the personality anxiety of the teachers (p=0/70) but it significantly decreased the situational anxiety among them (p=0/019). As the percent of people with moderate situational anxiety decreased from 34/4 to 28/7. Moreover, the effect of educational program on the situational and personality anxiety according to age, gender, education level and teaching history was not different.
Conclusion: regarding the high level of anxiety among teachers and necessity of doing interventional program, planned stress management educations are successful in reducing anxiety. That programs which are presented to persons step by step, provide a cognition of the environment and it's stressful factors to individuals and finally reduces the stress and then the anxiety level. Determining the efficacy of the programs on personality anxiety requires studies with longer follow up.
Keywords: Education, Stress management, Anxiety, Teachers
