I Ngo Thang Lcli Trudng fial hoc Kinh te Qudc dan
Von dau iKlhiic hien muc tieu lang iming M \ m Kiel Nam Irong giai Ooan cliien liioc mdi 2021 - 2030 va nliiing van lie cin quan tam
T
rong cac yeu cau b3o dam tai chinh cho tang trudng va phat trien Itinh te d Viet Nam, bcio d^m v6n d i u tif dong vai tro quan trong nhat bdi day la yeu to dong gop tren 50%vao tang tradng GDP thdi gian qua khi dufng tren gdc do dong gop cua cac yeu to dau vao. Bai viet chi ra nhCfng bat cap trong bcio dcim vdn dau tu, nhat la nhiJng bat hop ly trong cdcautheongudnvdndlutUva viec sCr dung vdn kem hieu qu^ trong giai doan 2011 -2020.
Dua tr^n muc tieu tang trifdng kinh te nhanh, hieu qua va chat lUdng cao vdi cac chi tieu tUdng i^ng dat ra cho giai doan chien luge mdi 2021 - 2030, bai viet da tinh toan nhu cau von dau ta bao dam cho giai doan nay vdi ty le tich luy chiem khoang 31 - 34% GDP, trong dd von dau XUtii khu vUc nha nadc giam xuong dadi 30%, khu vac ngoai nha nadc tren 50%; dUa ra cac giSi phap phu hdp, toan dien trong viec khai thac, huy dpng va sir dung cac nguon von dautaxa hoi.
TO khoa: lang tradng, von dau tu, bio dim, hieu qua, chat iagng.
Among the financial guarantee requirements for economic growth and development '• in Vietnam, ensuring investment capital plays the most important role because this is I the input factor contributing over 50% to GDP growth in the past time. The article has
discovered the inadequacies in ensuring investment capital, especially the irrationalities I in the structure of investment capital and inefficiencies when using capital in the period , of2011 - 2020. Based on the goals of rapid growth, efficiency and high quality with the , corresponding targets set for the new strategic period from 2021 to 2030, the article j has calculated the required investment capital for this period with being 31 - 34% of ' GDP, of which the state sector's investment will be below 30% while the non-state sector's
investment will account for over 50%; propose appropriate and comprehensive solutions
\ in exploiting, mobilizing and using social investment capital sources.
Keywords: Grovrth, investment capital, assurance, efficiency and quality.
Ngdy nhdn bai: 30/3
Ngdy nhdn phdn bien, ddnh gid vd sHa chQa: 12/5 Ngdy duyet ddng: 28/5
Kinh te tai chinli Viet Nam / So 3 - Tliang 6/2020
1. fianh gia viec bao dam von dau tu' thiTc hien muc tieu tang tru'dng giai doan 2011 - 2020
De thirc hien muc tieu tang trudng kinh te, viec dam bao vdn dau tu la mot giai phap quan trong cung vdi cac giai phap ve bao dam nhan luc, cong nghe va cac nguon tai chinh khac. Viec dam bao von dau tu dugc danh gia theo ba gdc do: Quy md, ca cau va hieu qua su dung von dau tu.
Dam bdo quy mo von ddu tu Muc tieu tang trudng Idnh te giai doan 2011 - 2020 dat ra trong Chi6n luge phat trien kinh te - xa hoi giai doan nay la 7 - 8%.
De dat dugc muc tieu tang trudng, quy mo v6n dSu tu la 32 - 35% GDP (theo gia hien hanh), trong do giai doan 2011 - 2015 la 33 - 35% va giai doan 2016 - 2020 la 32 - 34%.
Nhu vay, ty le dau tu so vdi GDP cua Viet Nam dat 32,8%, cd tha danh gia la dat muc tieu 6% ra cua Chien luge phat trien kinh tS - xa hgi giai doan 2011 - 2020, cao hofn so vdi Thai Lan, Philippines, Indonesia, ke ca trong khu vuc Dong A va Dong Nam A va chi thap hoTi Trung Qudc.
Ty le nay tuong ducmg vdi cac nuac trong
qua trinh thuc hien muc tieu tang trudng nhanh nhu Viet Nam, dd la Nhat Ban (giai doan 1955 - 1973 dat ty le diu tu so vdi GDP la 32%), Han Qudc (giai doan I960 - 1980: 33,5%). V6n diu tu duy tri ty le cao da gop phln thuc diy tang trudng GDP trong giai doan 2011 - 2020 va vln la dgng lire chinh cho tang trudng cua giai doan nay. N6u hieu qua su dung v6n dau tu cua Viet Nam bing Han Qudc hay Nhat Ban dat dugc trong giai doan tang trudng nhanh cua hg, thi tang trudng GDP ciia Viet Nam se han nhilu (theo tinh toan cd th6 dat tren 10%,vdihes6ICORla3).
Tuy nhien, nSu chia thdi ky chien luge thanh hai giai doan thi giai doan 2011 - 2015 cd ty le vdn diu tu so vdi GDP la 31,7%, thip han so vdi muc tieu dat ra (33 - 35%) va di6u do da anh hudng den thanh qua tang trudng kinh te giai doan nay, tdc do tang trudng chi dat binh quan nam la 5,9%, thap hon so vdi ke hoach dat ra la 6,5 - 7%. Giai doan 2016 - 2020, tong von dau tu toan xa hoi dat khoang 34 - 35%, vugt muc tieu dat ra ciia giai doan nay (32 - 34%), cao hon so vdi giai doan trudc khoang 2 diem phan
Bang 1. Tmh hinh dam bao von diu tir toan xa h^i, 2011 - 2020 Dcm vi: % so vdi GDP
KE
Thyc
So vol 2011
40
33,3
d^l 2012
33,5
30.5
dat 2013
30
29,1
Khong dat
2014
29,4
32
Khong dgt
2015
3 0 - 32
32,6
Dat 2016
31,6- 31,8
33
v„„
2017
31,8- 33,8
33.3
Dat 2018
31,8- 34,2
34
Dat 2019
31,8- 34,4
33,4
VvTdt 2020
31,8- 34,6
33,5*
Vuot 2011-
2015
3 3 - 35
31.7
Khong dat
2016- 2020
3 2 - 34
34,0'
Vu(jl 2 0 1 1 -
2020:
3 2 - 35
32,8
Dat
Ghi chu: * Uoc thuc hiin cita tdc gid dua theo xu thi Nguon: Tong hap tir Ki hogch giai doan 2011 -2015, 2016- 2020 cda Bo Ki hogch vd Ddu tu-
nien gidm thong ki cdc nam cua Tong cy.c Thdng ki
Kinh te tai chinh Viet Nam / So 3 - Thang 6/2020
tram so voi GDP. KJt qua nay da gop phin cai thien tang truong GDP cua giai doan 2016 - 2020 (uac djt 6,82%).
V6i ty le v6n diu tu bao dam chiem khoang 32,8% GDP, thip hoo so voi giai do?n 2001 - 2010, dat 41,5% (giai doan 2001 - 2005 la 39%, giai doan 2006 - 2010 la 42,7%), theo quan diem cua tac gia la phu hop trong boi canh Viet Nam dang chuy6n doi mo hinh tang truong tir chieu
rang sang chieu sau, trong d6 nhin manh den su dong gop cua nang suit cac nhan t5 tong hcrp (TFP) cho tang truong.
Dam bdo ve ca cdu ngudn von dau tu Muc tieu y't tai co ciu v6n diu to trong giai doan 2011 - 2020 la giam ty le diu tu nha nuoc va tang ty trpng diu to tit ngu6n von diu to true tiSp nuoc ngoai (FDI) va von tit khu vitc tu nhan ho gia dinh.
Hinh 1. Cor cau v6n dau tu- toan sa h$i
,i,n II
2 ^'— '/ ^^
4> ^ ? / / ~
2000200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012201320142015201620172018 is Kinh t l Nha nu-^c r, Kinh \k ngo^i nh^ nirdc Khu vi/c co v6n d i u t u nuoc ngoai
Hinh 1 cho thay ty trpng von diu tu cua Nha nude cd xu hudng giam d4n, tao du dia cho dau tu tu ngudn FDI va khu vuc tu nhan. Neu nhu ty trpng vdn dau tu khu vuc nha nude giai doan 2001-2010 chiSm trSn 50% thi giai doan 2011 - 2020 chi cdn 37%, trong dd giai doan 2016 - 2020 chi dat 34%). Trong khi do, khu vuc ngoai nha nude va khu vuc FDI chi8m khoang 35%
va 18% trong giai doan 2001 - 2010, sau do tang len tuang ling khoang 38 - 40% va 21 - 23% d giai doan 2011 - 2020 (rieng giai doan 2016 - 2020 tuang ung la 42%
va 24%). Vm su dich chuyen tich cue trong
Nguon. So lieu tong hgp tie niin gidm thong ki
ca can nguon von dau tu thi vai tro cua vdn dau tu khu vuc ngoai nha nude va khu vuc cd von dau tu nude ngoai ddi vdi tang trudng kinh te ngay cang tang len (Bang 2).
Xet ve CO cau ngudn vdn dau tu cd the thay, mac dii ty trpng von dau tu tir khu vuc ngoai nha nude tang len, nhimg van thap han so vdi muc tieu dat ra trong giai doan 2011 - 2020 (chigm khoang 45 - 47% trong tdng vdn dau tu toan xa hpi). So sanh co ciu cac ngudn luc tai chinh phat trien cua Viet Nam voi muc binh quan cua ASEAN cho thay, ty trpng von ciia khu vuc dan cu va doanh nghiep tu nhan trong GDP d Viet
Kinh te tai chinh Viet N a m / So 3 - T h a n g 6/2020
Bang 2. Dong gop vao 1% tang tnromg GDP tinh theo khu v ^ kinh te
DoTi vi: %
1991-2000 2001-2010 2011-2020
Nha nird'c 45,17
33,5
TIT nhSn 39,79
49 49
D4utu- nhAnirdc
15,04 17,5 27,5
N^n Idnh te
Ngudn: Tinh todn tie s6 lieu cua Tdng cue Thong ki
Nam la tuang ddi thap so vdi cac nude trong qua trinh thue hien tang trudng nhanh thanh cdng dat duac (nhu Nhat Ban, Han Qudc: 72 - 75%). Nguyen nhan la do:
(i) Tinh hinh hoat dpng kinh doanh cua doanh nghiep nhd, sieu nhd noi rieng va cac doanh nghiep dan doanh Viet Nam ndi chung dang cd xu hudng giam va gap nhieu khd khan hon; (ii) Quy md san xuat cua cac doanh nghiep tu nhan cdn nhd va kha nang md rpng quy mo con nhieu khd khan. Theo ket qua dieu tra nam 2018 cua Hiep hpi doanh nghiep nhd va vira, cd 59%
doanh nghiep sieu nhd, 48% doanh nghiSp nhd d Viet Nam van hoat dpng d quy md hien tai trong thdi gian tdi va chua cd y dinh "Idn len"; (iii) Hieu qua hoat dpng kinh doanh cua cac doanh nghiep tu nhan cdn thap, kha nang tich luy vdn kem. Theo so li?u cua Tdng cue Thdng ke, giai doan 2011 - 2018 cd 32% doanh nghiep sieu nhd, 17% doanh nghiep nhd va 16% doanh nghiep viia bi thua Id.
Cung vdi do la ddng vdn FDI cd tang len ve sd luong va ddng gdp tich cue cho tang trudng kinh te, song chat luang ddng von cdn thap: (i) Quy md vdn binh quan cua mdt du an thap; (ii) Tinh chat ciia ddng
von d4u tu chu y^u hudng vao ITnh vuc gia cdng va khai thac tai nguyen; (iii) Ty le von FDI cdng nghe cao, cdng nghe ngudn chua dat duac nhu ky vpng; (iv) Hieu ling lan tda, tinh lien kit eiia khu vuc FDI ddi vdi khu vuc trong nude chua cao va bat dau xuat hien nhimg bieu hien tieu cue ve tai chinh (ddng USD chay ra nhanh) va hiSu qua nhan duoc tir Viet Nam thap; (v) Mot sd du an duoc cap phep nhimg chua bao dam tinh ben vung, tiem an nguy ca gay 6 nhiem moi trudng, tieu ton nang luang;
(vi) Ty IS giai ngan vdn FDI chiem khoang 55% tdng von dang ky, chua tuong xung vdi ky vpng va nhu cau ciia nen kinh te.
Hieu qud st^ dung von ddu tic Theo so lieu cua Tdng cue Thdng ke, hieu qua su dung vdn dau tu cua Viet Nam gSn nhu khdng cd su cai thien, hay khdng dn dinh, tham chi trong giai doan 2016 - 2018, hieu qua sir dung von ddu tu cdn thip han giai doan 2001 - 2005.
Vdi nd luc nang cao hieu qua diu tu tu nam 2018 den nay, binh quan giai doan 2011 - 2020, he sd ICOR dat 6,15, th4p han so vdi giai doan 2001 - 2010 la 6,82.
Su cai thien hieu qua dau tu ciia nhiing nam cudi thdi ky chien lupc 2011 - 2020
Kinh te tai c h i n h Viet Nam / So 3 - T h a n g 6/2020
Hinh 2. Hf s6 ICOR chung cua ca nen kinh te qua cac nam
8 - 7 - 6
4
-*
3 2 1 u
— -
-
-- - - - ^
-
"
-
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2010 2010 2015 2Q18 2013 020*
O O ^ ^^ ^ .H O O O O O iH
Nguon: Tdc gid tinh todn tie so lieu niin gidm thdng ki hang ndm cda Tong cue Thdng ki
duac giai thich bdi: (i) Su chuyen dich ca cau ngudn von dau tu theo chi8u huong tich cue vdi su gia tang ciia ty le v6n diu tu tu khu vuc ngoai nha nude va khu vuc FDI; (ii) Cac chinh sach cua Nha nude tu nam 2014 vS tai ca cau dSu tu, nang cao chat luprng dau tu cdng da bit diu phat huy
tac dung tich cue. Tuy nhien, neu xet theo hieu qua su dung vdn, so vdi cac nude vao cung thdi ky tang frudng nhanh va trinh dp cdng nghe tuong ducmg vdi Viet Nam thi cho thay hieu qua dau tu cua nude ta vin cdn thap'. Nguyen nhan cua hieu qua sir dung vdn dau tu thap chii yeu la do: (i) Phan Hinh 3. H§ so ICOR theo thanh ph4n kinh t^, so sanh nam 2011 va 2018
Khu vyc KTNN Khu vyc FDI
5 2001 a 201S
Ngudn: Tdc gid tinh todn theo sd lieu nien gidm thdng ke cua Tdng cue Thong ke
Nhat BSn (nhQng nam 1970}, Han Quoc, Dai Loan (nhang nam 1980) cung vdi muc tieu tang trudng nhanh va trinh do cong nghe nhu Viet Nam hien nay nhung he so ICOR chi la 2,5 - 3 (tiJc la chi bSng Vi cQa Viet Nam).
Kinh te tai chinh Viet Nam / So 3 - Thang 6/2020
b6 v6n diu tu chua hop ly, chua co "diem rai" theo huong tap trung vao nhung nganh hay vung dpng luc, nhimg san phSm co gia tri kinh tS cao va quy mo 1cm; (ii) Co cau v6n diu to chua hop ly voi ty le dau tu cong, diu tu tit ngan sach con qua cao; (iii) Quan ly qua trinh diu to von con nhiSu bat cap.
Hinh 3 cho thiy, diu to v6n cua khu vuc kinh t6 nha nuoc co hieu qua thip nhat voi ICOR nam 2018 la 12,5, cao gip 3 lin so vol khu vuc FDI va 1,7 lin so voi khu vuc ngoai nha nuoc. Xet theo xu huong thi hi^u qua diu to ciia khu vuc nha nuoc co xu huong kem di, theo do nam 2018, he so ICOR da cao hon 1,4 lin so voi nam 2001.
Nguyen nhan la do: (i) DIu to nha nuoc chii y^u duoc diu to vao cac nganh, Imh vvrc co nhu ciu v6n cao, kha nang thu hoi von
cham, loi nhuan thip nen cac doanh nghiep FDI va kinh t6 to nhan khong muon dau to, (ii) Diu to nha nuoc con phan tan, dan trai va thit thoat v6n Ion, tinh trang tham nhiing kha ph6 bien, dg tri von dau to cao.
2. Muc tieu tang trUdng kinh te giai floan chien Wdc ni6i 2021 - 2030 va nhu cau bao dam von dau tu*
Giai doan 2021 - 2030, nuoc ta can thuc hien nhiing budc dot pha ttong tang trucmg kmh ti dk dat duoc muc tieu cao ve thu nhap binh quan diu nguoi da dat ra ttong "Bao cao Viet Nam 2035". Theo do, thu nhap binh quan diu nguoi nam 2035 cua Viet Nam cin dat tren 10.000 USD/nam va tren 50% dan s6 tham gia ting lop trung luu toan ciu. Vice dat muc tieu tang trucmg nhanh va hieu qua ttong B4ng 3. Cac chi tieu vl tang triromg nhanh va chit luong cao
Chiti^u
Muc tieu chat luang tang trudng kinh
Ndng, lam nghiep va thuy san Cdng nghiep va xay dung Dich vu GDP binh quan dau ngudi (nam cuoi ky) Nang suat lao dpng (gia so sanh, nam cuoi cung) Nang suat lao ddng (gia hien hanh, nam cudi cung) Tdc dp tang nang suat lao dpng Ty le ddng gdp cua TFP'
Tdc dp tang TFP
Dffn vi
%/nam
%/nam
%/nam USD (PPP-2011)
Trieu ddng
Trieu ddng
%/nam
%
%/nam
2021 - 2025
13.900 - 14.200
40-45 1,5-2
2021-2030 ,;!
3,7-4 7,9 - 8,6 7,0 - 7,5 10.350-10.450
91 -93
145 - 150
5,5 40-45 1,5-2 Nguon: Tinh todn eua tdc e
Kinh te tai chinh Viet Nam / So 3 - Thang 6/2020
giai doan 2021 - 2030 ciing la mot yeu cau xuat phat tir muc tieu nIng cao vi the cua Viet Nam tren ban dd x8p hang ve thu nha.p th6 gidi ma Chinh phu da dat ra trong k;^ hpp lln thii 6 Qudc h0i khda XIII, do la: Den nam 2030, Viet Nam hudng tdi mot xa hpi kha thinh vuong, thuoc nhdm cd thu nhap trung binh cao va den nam 2045, Vi$t Nam trd thanh mdt qudc gia phat trien va thudc nhdm nude cd miic thu nhap cao.
Dua tren cac yeu cau tren, trong giai doan 2021 - 2030, Viet Nam cin d^t dugc muc tieu: Tang trudng kinh ti nhanh gan vdi chat lucmg va hieu qua ngay cang cao dua tren viec khai thac va phat triSn cac dpng luc tang trudng mdi de tang nang suat, day manh ling dung cdng nghe va ddi mdi sang tao. Phdn diu cac chi tieu kinh tk dat dupe d nguang cac nude cd miic thu nh^p trung binh cao vao nam 2030. Cac dpng luc tang trudng mdi bao gdm: (i) Khu vuc tu nhan ddi mdi, nang dpng, sang tao, ndng cdt la cac tap doan kinh te tu nhan chi phoi ngay cang nhieu nganh va linh vuc ciia ngn kinh tk; (ii) Cac chudi gia tri san xuat lien ket ndng nghiep - cdng nghiep che bien - thuang mai dich vu, dua tren ca sd cac san pham ndng nghiep cd gia tri
kinh te cao, mang tinh dac trung, cd loi thi gan vdi timg dia phuang, thu hut duac cac doanh nghiep, cac nha dSu tu sii dung cdng nghe cao, cdng nghe mdi, ddng bd tir khau dau vao - san xuit - chi bign - tieu thu; (iii) Ngudn nhan luc chat lupng cao ludn duy tri dpng luc sang tao, manh dan khdi nghiep va phat triin kinh doanh theo phuang thiic hien dai va chip nhan rui ro;
(iv) Khoa hpc va cong nghe cao dupe ap dung trong cac nganh kinh ti, ca trong san xuat - kinh doanh va trong quan ly diiu hanh phat triin cd noi dung thich ling vdi xu the phat trien ciia cudc each mang cdng nghiep 4.0.
De dat dugc muc tieu tren, Viet Nam can phai dat duac muc tieu tang trudng kinh te ca ve sd luang va chat luang (Bang 3).
Can cii vao muc tieu tang trudng giai doan 2021 - 2030 va cac giai doan cu the, vdi muc tieu nang cao hieu qua diu tu dua tren co sd tham khao cac he sd ICOR ma cac nude thanh cdng trong giai doan tang trudng nhanh dat dugc, nhu cau vdn dau tu dugc xac dinh qua bang 4, trong dd vdn cua khu vuc nha nude can giam xudng dudi 30% va vdn ciia khu vuc ngoai nha nude tang len tren 50%.
Bang 4. Cac chi tieu ve vdn dau tu- va hieu qua dau tu- STT
1 2 3
CM tiSu Tang truong GDP binh quan nam (%) ICOR
Ty 1$ von dau to so vai GDP (%)
2021 - 2025
7,1 - 7,3 4,56 - 4,83 3 3 - 3 5
2026-2030
7-7,1 4,39 - 4,67 3 1 - 3 3
2021 - 2030
7-7,2 4,48 - 4,76 3 1 - 3 4 Ngudn: Tinh todn cua tdc gid
Kinh te tai chinh Yi^t Nam / So 3 - Thing 6/2020
3. Giai phap dam bao von dau tu*
cho muc tieu tang tru'dng kinh te giai doan 2021 - 2030
Dua tren viec nhan dien han che, nguyen nhan va can cu vao muc tieu trong viec dam bao vdn dau tu cho giai doan 2011 - 2020, cac giai phap cin duoc diuc hien trong giai doan 2021 - 2025 bao gdm:
Hodn thien thi che, moi tru&ng ddu tu, kinh doanh thuan led de thu hut vd su dung von ddu tu CO hieu qud
Chinh sach kinh ti vT md can dugc dam bao nhat quan. Chinh sach tai chinh, tien te va cac chinh sach khac can dugc dieu hanh linh hoat, chat che, bao dam dn dinh kinh te vT md, kiem soat lam phat, lai suat, ty gia phu hop; ddng thdi bao dam cac can ddi Idn ciia nen kinh te nham tao niem tin cho nha dau tu Idn, lau dai vao ViSt Nam, cimg vdi dd la ddng von FDI vao va ra khdi Viet Nam phai dugc quan ly hieu qua hon.
The che kinh te thi trudng can dugc tiep tuc dugc hoan thien. Nha nude cin thuc hien tdt cdng tac cai each hanh chinh, nhat la thii tuc hanh chinh, dam bao mdi trudng dau tu, kinh doanh thuan Igi, thdng thoang, minh bach, an toan, dn dinh, cd tinh canh tranh cao. Cac quyin tu do kinh doanh, sd hiiu tai san, sd hiiu tri tue cua nha dau tu can dugc dam bao va tdn trpng day dii theo chuan muc thi trudng hien dai, hpi nhap qudc ti di tao thuan loi cho cac nha dau tu nude ngoai gia nhap, hoat ddng va rut khdi thi trudng.
Khung phap luat v§ diu tu cin dugc hoan thien sdm, trong dd co Luat Diu tu, Luat Doanh nghiep, ddi mdi ca chi chap thuan chu tnrang dau tu, cap giiy chiing nhan dang ky dau tu, gdp von, mua cd
phin, lira chpn du an diu tu nham tang cudng hieu luc, hieu qua quan ly nha nuoc ddi vdi hoat dpng diu tu nude ngoai, dac biet la cac du an diu tu tai nhiing dia ban, khu vuc nhay cam, lien quan den quoc phdng, an ninh, khu vuc bien gioi, vung bien, hai dao, vung dac quyen kinh te.
Tranh chip diu tu, lao ddng, pha san doanh nghiep lien quan din FDI cin duge giai quyit cd hieu qua.
Cac luat hien hanh cin dugc sira ddi, bd sung phu hgp vdi Luat Canh tranh nam 2018 nham ap dung thdng nhat trong cac thuang vu sap nhap, trong dd cd sap nh^p xuyen bien gidi. Viec thau tdm ciia doanh nghiep trong mot sd nganh, ITnh virc, dac biet la doanh nghiep Idn, doanh nghiep van hanh tren nSn tang cdng nghe can dugc Idem soat chat che han niia. Nha nude can nghien cuu, ban hanh Luat Ddi tac cdng - tu (PPP) nham khuyen khich manh me nha dau tu nude ngoai dau tu phat trien ket cau ha tang.
Ngoai ra, chinh sach uu dai dau tu can dupe hoan thien theo hudng trpng tam, trpng diim theo nganh, linh virc trong ttmg giai doan. Chinh sach uu dai phai gin vol ddng gdp ciia doanh nghiep, phii hgp vdi muc tieu, dinh hudng phat triin kmh ti - xa hpi cua dat nude, theo do viec uu dai cin dugc cu the hda thanh cac tieu chi theo quy md, linh vuc, nganh, nghi, san phim, pham vi, trach nhiem xa hdi; quy trinh bao cao ca quan quan ly de thuc hien uu dai.
Ca che uu dai linh hoat cin dugc nghien ciiu ap dung, bao gdm ca bien phap phi tai chinh nham tang cudng kha nang thu hut cac ddi tac tiem nang, cac tap doan xuyen qudc gia trong mdt so du an dac bi?t quan trpng, cd tac ddng Idn den kinh ti - xa hdi
10
Kinh te tai chinh Viet Nam / So 3 - Thang 6/2020Van hdnh co hieu qud cdc loai thi trucmg vd m& cua thi trudng de thu hut vdn ddu tu
Cac loJii thi trudng can dugc hinh thanh diy du va dam bao van hanh hieu qua, nhit la cac thi trudng lien quan true tiip din FDI nhu tai chinh, dat dai, lao ddng, cdng nghe, tin chi carbon... Cung vdi do cin tang cuong tu do hda thi trudng cac nhan td san xuat. Cac quyet dinh phi thj truong trong tiep can dat dai, vdn va ca hdi gia nhap thi trucmg can phai dugc han che triet de.
Cac rao can gia nhap thi trudng ddi vdi nha dau tu nude ngoai can dugc thao bd, nhat la trong nhiing nganh, linh vuc ma Viet Nam kfadng edn nhu cau bao ho. Nha nude ciing can tao ca hpi binh dang cho nha dau tu nude ngoai mua cd phan phu hop, lam ddi tac chien luge ciia doanh nghiep nha nude theo de an co cau lai doanh nghi?p nha nude nham nang cao hieu qua kinh doanh.
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Ddi vdi doanh nghiep trong nude:
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Ddi vdi doanh nghiep FDI: Nha nude cin khuyin khich doanh nghiep lien doanh, lien kit, tao diiu kien di doanh nghiep trong nude tham gia mang ludi san xuat va chudi gia tri toan ciu; phat triin cdng nghe thdng tin va tang ty le noi dia hda thdng qua cac nha cung cip trong nuoc; chuyin giao cdng nghe, ky nang quan tri hien dai cho doanh nghiep trong nude thdng qua cac du an lien doanh, li§n ket trong mot sd nganh, linh virc quan trgng cua ndn kinh te. Ddng thdi, cae quy dinh cua phap luat hien hanh ve dang ky chuyen giao cdng nghe; nhap khau may mdc, thiit bi ciia doanh nghiep FDI can dugc ra soat, siia ddi, bo sung, nham kiem soat, thiic day cong nghe va chuyen giao edng nghe; ngan ngua, han che tinh trang chuyin gia thdng qua viec khai sai gia tri may mdc, thiet bi nhap khau; gian lan va tiip nhan cong nghe khdng than thiSn vdi mdi trudng.
Ben canh do, ca chi, chinh sach nham tao diiu kien thuan Igi cho tu do luu chuyin hang hda, dich vu va cae ngudn luc tai chinh cin dugc xay dung cung vdi viec tao CO chi dot pha trong quyet dinh dau tu va thuc thi, bao gdm ca xir ly tranh chip, bao hd quyin sd hiiu tri tue, td chiic bd may di tranh thii cdng nghe tien tiin, Igi thi cua nude di sau, di tat, ddn dau de phat triin mot sd trung tam cdng nghe qudc gia.
Phdt trien nguon nhdn luc chdt luang cao de dinh vi lai lai the canh tranh cua Viet Nam trong thu hut von ddu tu Kinh te tai chinh Vi^t Nam / So 3 - Thang 6/2020
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4. Ket luan
Giai doan chien luge mdi 2021 2030 dat ra cho viet Nam nhung thach
thiic Idn trong viec thuc hien nhiing khat vpng cai thien vi thi trong bang xep hang trinh dp phat triin thi gidi. Diiu do ddi hdi Viet Nam phai cd nhiing budc dot pha vdi md hinh tang trudng theo chieu sau.
Vdn dau tu cin dugc chii trpng va xem la mdt nhiem vu mang tinh hai mat: (i) Bao dam yeu td ngudn luc (tai chinh) cho thuc hien nhung dot pha trong md hinh tang trudng mdi; (ii) Diiu kien (ve tai chinh) de thuc hien viec bao dam cac yen to ngudn lire khac trong bdi canh yeu cau dat ra ngay cang cao, dd la nguon nhan luc chat lupng cao va khoa hpc cdng nghe hien dai, phu hgp vdi md hinh tang trudng mdi.
Quan diem ciia bai viet tren co sd phat hien nhiing bat cap trong bao dam vdn dau tu giai doan 2011 - 2020, diim ddt pha trong giai doan chien lupc moi la can cd nhiing chinh sach lien quan din viec khai thdng cac ngudn vdn dau tu, trong do cd ngudn vdn dau tu ngoai nha nude va cac chinh sach phdi hgp, lien kit cac ngudn vdn dau tu vdi nhau thdng qua cac md hmh
sii dung cd hieu qua nhat ®
1 Z Kinh te tai chinh Vi^t Nam / So 3 - Thang 6/2020
Tai lieu tiiam khao
Tieng Viet
1. Chinh phu (2018), Bdo cao danh gid giCra ky thiJc hien ke hoach phdt trien kinh te- xa hoi 5 nam 2016- 2020.
2. Chinh phu, fido cdo t'inh hinh kinh te- xa hdi va ke hogch phdt trien kinh te-xd hoi tit ndm 2001-2018.
3. Ding Cong sSn Viet Nam, Van kien Bai hoi Ddng idn thii Xii, Chien iuac phdt then kinh te- xd hgi giai doan 2011- 2020.
4. Ngan hang The gidi, Bo Ke hoach va Dau tU (2016), Viet Nam 2035 hudng tdi thinh vi/ctng. sdng tgo, cong bdng vd ddn chu.
5. Quoc hoi (2006), Ke hogch phdt trien kinh te-xa hgi 5 ndm 2001 - 2005.
6. Quoc hoi (2018), Ke hogch phdt trien kinh te-xa hoi 5 nam 2016- 2020.
Tieng Anh
7. Profile Vietnam, http://documents.woridbanl<.org/curated/en/
523041541590212152/pdf/131869-WP-DB2019-PUBLiC-Vietnam.pdf.
8. The Conference Board (2019), Growth Accounting and Total Factor Productivity, 1990 2018, https://www.conference-board.org/data/economydatabase/
index.cfm?id=27762.
9. The World Banl< (2019), World Development Indicators,
https;//databanl<.worldbanl<.org/source/world-development-indicators.
10. The World Banl< (2019), Doing Business 2019: Training for Reform, Economy.
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