QUAN LY XUAT NHAP KHAU d VN
XAY D I T N G V A HOAN THIEN
CHUOI CUNG UfNG CHO CAC DOANH NGHIEP SAN XUAT HANG G 5 XUAT KHAU CUA VIET NAM
TS. DO PHU TRAN TINH* & ThS. VU LE THUY LINH*
1. D« \in di
Xua't khau (XK) gd va san pham td gd cua VN tang manh qua cae nam, giai doan 2004-2008 kim ngach xua't khau tang binh quan 25,7%/nam. Tuy nhien, den nam 2009, kim ngach XK giam 8,2%.
Mpt trong nhdng nguyen nhan dupe neu ra la do anh hudng cua khung hoing tai chinh toan ciu, nhUng neu phan tich sau hpn vd tinh hinh XK cua nganh hang nay cac nam qua ed the tha'y nguyen nhan ehu ye'u la do chUa hinh t h a n h dUtfe mpt chudi eung dng theo dung nghia cua nd. Bai viet nay tap trung di vao phan tich thife t r a n g xay dung va tham gia chudi cung dng cua eac doanh nghiep (DN) s i n xua't hang gd XK VN.
2. Nhihig v^n 6^ ly lufn v l chudi cung ihig Thuat ngd "Chudi eung dng" xua't hien tijf cudi nhdng nam 80 va trd nen phd bien trong nhdng nam 90. TrUdc dd, cic edng ty sd dung thuat ngd nhu "hau can" (Logistics) va "quan ly cae hoat dpng" (Operations Managements) de ehi nhdng hoat dpng lien quan den chudi eung dng.
Theo Lambert, Stock va Ellram: "Chudi cung dng la sif lien ket cae cdng ty n h i m dUa s i n pham hay dich vu vao thi trudng" [1, trang 8].
Theo Chopra Sunil v i Peter Meindl: "Chudi cung dng bao gdm mpi cdng doan cd lien quan trifc tiep hay gian tiep den viec dap dng nhu cau eua khach hang. Chudi cung dng khdng chi gdm nha san xua't va nha eung cap, ma cdn nha van chuyen, kho, ngddi ban le va ban t h a n khach hang" [1,trang 8] .
Theo Ganesham Ran va Terry P.Harrison:
"Chudi eung dng la mpt mang ludi cac lUa ebon
san xua't va phan phdi n h i m thife hien cac chdc nang thu mua nguyen lieu, chuyen ddi nguyen lieu t h a n h ban s i n pham va t h a n h pham, va phan phdi chung cho khach hang" [1,trang 8] .
Td nhdng dinh nghia tren tac gia xin khai quat chung dinh nghia ve chudi eung dng nhU sau:
Chudi eung dng l i mpt he thdng bao gdm cac cdng ty v i hoat dpng kinh doanh ein thiet de thiet ke, s i n xua't, p h a n phdi va sd dung san pham hay dich vu. Muc tieu eua chudi eung dng la "Chi phi tdi thieu, hieu qui tdi da".
Cho den nay, nhieu ngudi v i n n h i m tUPng chudi cung dng v i logistics la mpt nen v i n dung hai thuat ngd nay thay the cho nhau trong khi lo- gistics ehi la mpt t h a n h td trong chudi cung dng.
Thanh vien cua mdt chudi eung dng ddpc the hien qua Hinh 1:
Nha cung d p dich vu Haucan Tai chinti Nghien ci>u thi tn/ong Thi^t ke san phan Cong nghe ttiong tin Trung gian mua ban
Hinh 1. Cac thanh vien ciia chudi cung Ung
Nguon: ThS. Nguyen Cdng Binh, Giao trinh quan ly chudi cung ufng, NXB Thdng ke. tr.30
Tn/dng Dai hoc Kinh te - Luat Dai hpc Quoc gia TP.HCIVl
': Cdng ty Ivtecosal VN Phat trien kinh te - Thang MUdi Mpt nam 2010
23
. . . I .1
QUAN LY XUAT NHAP KHAU d VN
Chudi cung dng san pham XK gd da dUpc hinh thanh tai mpt sd qud'c gia, nhU: Indonesia, Trung Qudc, An Dp, Canada... Nhin chung, mdi qud'c gia se xay dung cho minh mpt chudi cung dng san pham gd dac thu eho hp. Khdi d i u td rdng, gd nguyen lieu se dupe dUa vao eac xddng cUa, gd xe va nhdng san pham gd ban diu se ddpc dUa vao cac nha may va cung vdi sif hd trp cua may mdc, cac nganh cdng nghiep lien ke't khac (vii, keo, stfn, nhifa...). Ngoai ra, nganh edng nghiep s i n xuat hang gd XK cdn n h a n dupe sif lien ke't va hd trp cua cae nganh dich vu khac.
3. Tong quan v l nganh san xuat hang g6 XK cua VN
Theo bao eao ciia Hiep hpi gd va lam s i n VN (Vifores), tinh den cud'i nam 2009, cdng nghiep ehe bien dd gd VN ed khoang 1.800 cP sd mdc nhd vdi nang life ehe bien td 15-200 m^ gd/nam/cp sd va 1.200 DN, nang life ehe bien 2 trieu m^
gd/nam/DN. Trong so' cac nha san xuat ndi tren, cd hon 870 don vi tham gia XK. Kim ngach XK gd va san pham td gd cua VN tang nhanh d cac nam, ddpc the hien qua stf dd sau:
II
Hinh 2. Kim ngach XK gd va san pham gd VN giai doan 2004-2010
Nguon: Tdng cue Hal quan.
*: Dp kien
Mac du n g i n h cdng nghiep che bien gd XK VN thdi gian qua da tang tnfdng manh vdi td'c dp tang 25,7%/nam trong giai doan 2004-2008, nhUng den nam 2009, tdc dp tang trudng kim ngach XK gd VN da giam 8,2%. Mpt trong nhdng nguyen nhan dupe n h i c den la do khung hoang eua tai chinh toan ciu. Nhung neu phan tich ky xu hUdng phat trien cua nganh s i n xua't hang gd thdi gian qua
Phat trien kinh te - Thang MUdi mot nam 2010
chung ta ed the tha'y xu hudng giam khdng ehi d i i n ra d nam 2009, ma nam 2008 tdc dp tang trudng da b i t diu giam. Sif tang trudng thieu tinh ben vdng nganh edng nghiep d i e bien gd XK VN klidng p h i i chi do nguyen n h a n khung hoing tai chinh t o i n cau ma mpt trong nhdng nguyen nhan ehu ye'u la do ehua hinh t h a n h dUtfe chudi eung dng theo dung nghia cua nd. Hay ndi each khac, su lien ke't gida cac DN s i n xua't hang gd XK vdi eac DN cung dng nguyen vat lieu, hay gida cae DN dich vu v i ban t h a n cic DN cung nganh vdi nhau eung cdn rat b a n ehe.
Gd la nguyen lieu chinh v i quan trpng nha't cho nganh ehe bien gd, thddng chiem td 60%-70%
trong gia t h a n h s i n pham. NhUng theo Hiep hpi gd va lam san VN, hien nay p h i n ldn sd nguyen lieu de san xua't dd gd XK deu p h i i nhap td nudc ngoai. De dat ddpc kim ngach XK khoang 2,597 ty USD trong n a m 2009 vda qua, nganh gd da phai nhap khau 1,21 ty USD gd nguyen lieu. Mpt so phu lieu nhif: son, diu, keo, vai thd, da, PU...
thi thupc dpc quyen cua cac nha cung cap nudc ngoai nhu Dai Loan, Trung Qudc, My, Nhat, Ddc.
Su phu thupc vao ngudn nguyen phu lieu nUdc ngoai khien cae DN nganh gd bi dpng trong san xuat.
Hien nay, cac DN XK s i n pham gd phai tim each dng phd vdi cac dao luat mdi cua My - Lacey (hieu life td ngay 1/4/2010) va cua EU - FLEGT (hieu life td t h a n g 1/2012); trong dd, yeu cau chung la nha XK phai trinh bay chudi hanh trinh cua lam s i n td khau khai thac den t h i n h pham mpt each minh bach de nha chdc t r i c h cd the truy xet ngudn gd'c nguyen lieu. Ngoai ra, eac DN XK s i n pham gd cua VN dang ddng trUde nguy co co the p h i i dd'i m a t vdi nhdng vu kien phdng ve thuong mai (chdng ban pha gia, chd'ng trp cap ,) cua cac nha san xua't npi dia My.
4. Thifc tr^ng xay d ^ g wh tham gia cic chu5i cung ihig
Cho den nay, ehUa cd sd lieu thdng ke day du, chinh thdc td cac hiep hpi, ban, nganh, td chdc nha nude... de thay dupe tinh hinh thifc te viec xay difng va phat trien eua chudi cung dng s i n pham gd XK cua VN. Do vay, de phan tich thue trang xay dung va tham gia vao chudi cung dng s i n pham gd XK cua VN, tac gia chu ye'u difa vao
QUAN LY XUAT NHAP KHAU d VN
ngudn sd lieu so cap thu thap dupe thdng qua khao sat cac DN tham gia vao boat ddng s i n xua't va XK san pham gd cua VN.
Tdng sd phieu thu ve la 233 phie'u. Xet ve mat dia ly, ddi tupng DN tham gia dieu tra ddpc the hien thdng qua Bang 1:
Bing 1. Phan chia cac DN dieu tra theo khu vUc dja ly
Khu vUc
SdDN Tyle
Mien Bac
6 2,5%
Mien Trung va Tay Nguyen
21 9,0%
Nam Bp
206 88,5%
Tong cpng
233 100%
Nguon: Tinh toan cCia tac gia td ket qua khao sat dieu tra
Xet ve loai hinh DN, trong 233 DN k h i o sat cd 101 DN trong nudc, 39 DN lien doanh va 93 DN cd vdn dau td nddc ngoai.
Qua phan tich so' lieu dieu tra td 233 DN, tac gia dinh dang thanh ba nhdm DN difa tren mdc dp xay difng va tham gia chudi cung dng eua nd.
Bing 2. Djnh dang nhom DN theo mUc dp xay di/ng va tham gia chudi
Mdc dp DN tham gia chudi cung
Ung S d D N
Ty le
TUdng ddi hoan chinh
39 16,7%
Dang hinh thanh
140 6 0 %
ChUa hinh thanh
54 23,3%
Tong cpng
233 100%
Nguon: Tinh toan cua tac gia td ket qua khao sat dieu tra
Phan tich thifc t r a n g xay difng va tham gia chudi cung dng eua ba nhdm DN t r e n cho tha'y dupe bdc tranh chudi cung dng eua cic DN san xua't hang gd XK dang hinh t h i n h va phat trien d VN. Ddi vdi tdng nhdm DN nay, t i e gia di vao nghien edu va md ta quan niem boat ddng kinh doanh, tinh hinh lien ket vdi cac t h i n h td khac trong chudi cung dng nhU cdng ty eung dng nguyen vat lieu, phu lieu, cac cdng ty cung nganh, cdng ty logistics, cac cdng ty thuong mai mua ban trung gian va thifc te ndi tai ban than DN
4.1 Nhdm DN co chuoi cung ang tuang ddi hodn thien
Tha nhdt, ve quan diem kinh doanh cua DN.
Theo khao s i t eua tac gia, trong 39 DN thupc nhdm DN nay boat dpng ngoai muc tieu kinh doanh kiem lpi nhuan thi da cd 100% DN chu trpng den sif phat trien cua chudi cung dng cua DN va 77% DN quan tam den sif phat trien chudi eung dng eua khach hang. Tuy nhien, dd'i vdi sif phat trien chudi eung dng cua toan nganh thi ehi ed 30% DN chu trpng den viec phat trien chudi cung dng eua toan nganh.
Tha hai, ve van de lien ket vdi eac DN cung dng nguyen vat lieu. Chi cd 4 DN thupc nhdm nay tham gia trdng rdng de tif xay ddng ngudn nguyen lieu cho san xuat XK va cung dng cho cic DN cung nganh khac. Ve van de lien ke't vdi cic DN cung dng phu lieu, 49% DN sd dung ngudn cung dng nguyen phu lieu cua cac n h i cung cap nUde ngoai tai VN hoac nhap khau ve VN, 42% DN sd dung nha eung cap trong nude va chi cd 9% sd dung hoan toan ngudn cung dng cua cac DN trong nUdc.
Tha ba, tinh lien ke't vdi cie DN dich vu logistics. Theo k h i o sat cua tac g i i , ehi cd duy n h a t mpt DN l i Tap doan ky nghe gd TrUdng Thanh thifc hien h i u bet boat dpng logistics ben trong DN, cdn ta't c i cac DN cdn lai deu sd dung hau het dich vu eua cac DN logistics thue ngoii, trd mpt sd Id hang XK eho cac DN nhap khau l i eac tap doan kinh te ldn da ed nha cung dng ben thd 4 nhU: Thomasville, IKEA, Pierl Imports.
Tha ta, van de lien ket vdi cae thanh vien cung nganh. Ke't qua k h i o sat cho thay cac DN nay cd md'i quan he mat thiet vdi nhau trong viec san se ngudn nguyen lieu, san se don hang. Tuy nhien, cd sd t i c h biet gida nhdng nhdm DN ed vd'n diu tU nUde ngoai (77%) va DN trong nUde (23%) ve mdi quan he hpp tac diu tu.
Tha ndm, tinh lien ke't vdi eac cdng ty thUtfng mai va dai ly trung gian, k h i c h hang mua true tiep. Theo khao sat cua tac gia, tat ci 39 DN tren deu da cd xay difng mdi quan he vdi eac cdng ty trung gian, cic dai ly cua nhdng nha nhap khau s i n pham gd cd quy md ldn tren the gidi. Tuy nhien, mdc dp hpp tac cdn tuy thupc vao quy md cua DN. Chi cd 77% DN trd thanh DN eung dng ehinh eho cac tap doan nay, p h i n cdn lai (chiem 23%) ehi eung cap mpt sd Id hang nha't dinh.
Phat trien kinh te - Thang MUdi Mpt nam 2010
QUAN LY XUAT NHAP KHAU 6 VN
Tha sdu, mdi lien ket vdi cae hiep hdi cd lien quan. Theo khao s i t cua tac gia, chi ed 35% DN la cd md'i quan he mat thiet ddi vdi cie hiep hpi nganh gd (tiep nhan thdng tin ve thUPng mai eua hiep hpi, tham gia cic hpi thao ve ky thuat, tham gia eac hpi chp ma hiep hpi td chdc...) ma ehu yeu la nhdng DN cd vdn dau tU trong nUdc, edn 25%
DN thi chi tham gia rdi rac va ed 45% khdng tham gia vao cac hiep hpi.
Tif nhdng phan tich cie sd lieu thu thap tren, cd the khai quat ve chudi eung dng tUtfng dd'i hoan thien eua cac doanh nghiep s i n xuat h i n g gd XK VN thdi gian qua nhU sau:
DN cung img nguyen phii lieu
DN san xuat hang go XK &
sub-contractor
^ V
^ " - « *
DN trung g an/dai ly
Hiep hpi nganh san xuat hang go
X ^
« * j ^
DN san xuat hang go XK
DN dich XTJ logistics
Khach hang mua true le P
4.2 Nhdm DN dang hinh thdnh chuoi cung ang
Tha nhdt, ve quan diem kinh doanh eua DN.
Difa vao ke't qui k h i o sat eua 140 DN cho tha'y, ta't ca cac DN deu dat muc tieu lpi nhuan len hang dau (100%), trong dd, so' lUpng DN da tien h i n h xay dung chudi cung dng cho minh chiem 85% v i 48% DN chpn muc tieu vi sd phat trien cua kbaeh hang. Cdn ddi vdi sif phat trien chudi cung dng cua toan nganh, chi cd 7% DN quan tam den van de nay.
Tha hai, ve van de lien ket vdi cac DN cung dng nguyen vat lieu. Trong 140 DN dupe tien hanh khao sat, chi cd duy nha't 1 DN tien hanh trdng rdng, dd la edng ty Ddc Long Gia Lai.
Tha ha., tinh lien ke't vdi cic DN dich vu logistics. Theo ket qua khao sat dieu tra, vdi nhdm boat dpng logistics dtfn g i i n thi den 56,55% DN thtic hien ben trong DN va chi thue ngoai 43,45%.
Cdn vdi nhdm boat ddng logistics phdc tap thi den 91,7% DN thue ngoai, ehi cd 8,3% DN thUe hien ben trong DN.
Tha tu, van de lien ket vdi cac t h a n h vien eung nganh. Cd the tha'y, mdc dp canh tranh gay g i t nha't gida eac DN trong n g i n h hang nay tap trung d nhdm cac DN dang hinh thanh chudi eung dng. Vi sp eac DN khac tranh gianh khach hang, cac DN trtf nen de chdng va khdng san se thdng tin ve khach hang, tieu chuan ky thuat ma ehi l i m dung theo yeu ciu hang mau. Ddi vdi eac DN thupc nhdm nay, thay vi lien ke't de tao nhdng chudi eung dng manh, du sde eung dng eho mang khach hang cd Idtfng dtfn h i n g vda va nhd hien tai va tuong lai la ddi vdi nhdng khich hang ldn htfn thi viec dim g i i hoac dUa ra cie mdc gia thap htfn rat nhieu de loi keo khach hang da d i n den tranh chap. Dieu nay the hien trong nhdng bao gia cua cac DN.
Tha ndm, tinh lien ke't gida cac cdng ty thuong mai va dai ly trung gian vdi kbaeh hang.
Cd 100% DN qua khao sat deu chap nhan sd dung cdng ty thuong mai va dai ly trung gian de lam ciu ndi gida DN vdi khach hang nude ngoai. Tuy nhien, ty le cae cdng ty thuong mai, dai ly eiia k h a d i hang chiem 78%, phan edn lai la dai ly cda cae DN tai thi trUdng eac nUde.
Tha sdu, mdi lien ket vdi cac hiep hpi ed lien quan. Chi 36% DN cd mdi quan he tUOng thich vdi cac hiep hpi va td chdc lien quan, 45% quan he md nhat v i 19% DN khdng cd md'i quan he vdi cac hiep hpi.
Qua phan tich cac sd lieu thu thap tren, cd the khai quat ve chudi eung dng dang hinh thanh cua cac doanh nghiep s i n xuat hang gd XK VN nhU sau:
DN san xuat hang go XK &
sub-contractor
%
Hiep hpi nganh san xuat hang go
DN cung img
nguyen phu lieu DN san xuat
hang go XK
DN trung gian'dai ly
- - - ,
DN dich vu logistics
Khach hang mua tryc tiep
Nhin chung, xet ve mat tdng the, cac DN dang hinh thanh chudi cung dng da budc diu xay diing
26
QUAN LY XUAT NHAP KHAU d VN
tCCXJMC 0F,ROW,tv y . t wva tham gia vao nhdng khia canh trong chudi cung dng. Tuy nhien, dd khdng p h i i la sif gia nhap mpt each toan dien. Cd DN tao dupe mdi quan he vdng chic vdi ngudn nguyen lieu nhUng lai thieu ve van de tim kiem ngudn khach hang, hay khdng cd mdi quan he vdi hiep hpi. Cd DN gap khd khan trong van de ngudn nhien lieu nhUng lai lam tdt trong van dd logistics, va'n de lien ke't vdi cic t h a n h vien.
4.3 Nhom DN chaa hinh thdnh chuoi cung ang
Sd lUtfng DN ehua hinh t h a n h chudi eung dng theo ke't qua dieu tra la 54 DN (chiem 23%) trong tdng sd 233 DN dupe dieu tra. Tac gia cung di vao phan tich nhdng khia canh chdng minh viec xay dung va tham gia chudi cung dng ddi vdi nhdng DN nay thdng qua nhdng tieu chi tUtfng tU cae nhdm nhu tren va cd the thay nhdm DN nay yeu kem trong chien lUtfc va thieu lien ket vdi cac DN lien quan trong chudi cung dng.
5. M$t s^ giii phip va itien nghj nhim xay d^g va hoin thl$n chudi cung ihig
5.1 Nhom gidi phdp xdy dang chuoi cung ang
- Cae DN p h i i thay ddi quan diem va chien lupc kinh doanh. Day l i dieu kien hang diu cho viec xay dung nen chudi cung dng cua DN. DN ein xac dinh phai gia nhap chudi cung dng cua nganh ne'u khdng mudn d ngoai sU phat trien cua nganh.
DN can thay ddi tU duy ve thi trUdng, ban cai khach hang can chd khdng p h i i cai minh ed, ludn tim each hoan thien minh de phii hpp vdi yeu ciu cua thi trudng. Tren ctf sd dd, tdng bude danh gia lai chudi cung dng cua DN d ta't ca eac khau.
- cac DN p h i i tap trung xay difng ngudn nguyen phu lieu dau vao cho chudi eung dng cua minh; tim cich thay the cac nguyen phu lieu nhap, nguyen phu lieu khdng dn dinh ve gia va kha nang cung ca'p. Trudc m i t , cac DN van tien hanh nhap khau nguyen lieu nhUng de chu dpng ngudn nguyen lieu s i n xuat, cac DN nen hudng ve phuong an phat trien rdng rdng. Tuy nhien, phuong an trdng rdng chi nen dUtfc tinh den ddi vdi cac DN cd ngudn vdn ldn, kha nang quan ly khau trdng rdng cung nhu ngudn nhan life phuc vu cho khau nay dUtfc dao tao tdt. Cdn ddi vdi cac
DN nhd thi phUPng an nay khdng nen dupe tinh tdi. Thay vao dd, thuc hien viec lien ket vdi cac DN khac de thu mua lupng gd ldn, dat dieu kien mua tan gdc de cd dupe mpt mdc gia canh tranh.
- Cac DN c i n dinh hinh cac san pham mui nhpn, cd Itfi the tren thi trUdng the gidi (dd la dd gd npi t h a t hay gd my nghe, hay s i n pham ngoii trdi). Vdi xu the tieu dung dd npi that nhieu tren the gidi, cac DN nen chd trpng den viec s i n xuat, thu mua hay dif trd cic loai van nhan tao, cai loai gd dung lam s i n pham trong nha de tranh tinh t r a n g bi ep g i i nguyen lieu khi nhan dupe dtfn hang.
- Cae DN phai trien khai viec tim ngudn nguyen lieu thay the g i n vdi thife te ctf cau s i n pham dd gd cua VN dang chuyen dich theo hUdng nang ty le XK dd gd npi that, ket hpp gida gd vdi mpt so' vat lieu khac (nhU: kim loai, song may...) cua mat hang nay. Dae biet l i viec ke't hpp may, tre, la la dieu DN cd the thifc hien ddpc dl dang vi day l i ngudn nguyen lieu dl kiem, gia thanh lai tha'p hPn gd va l i the manh cua thu cdng my nghe VN.
- Cie DN nen thue hien viec chuyen hddng sang sd dung cie dich vu eua cac cdng ty lo- gistics, tich htfp gia tri gia tang ma cae cdng ty dich vu logistics mang lai cho chudi cung dng eua minh.
- DN VN e i n xac dinh vi tri eua minh la mpt DN eung Ung s i n pham ehe bien trong chudi cung dng eua khach hang. Td dd, xay ddng chien lUtfe tham nhap, p h i t trien hay eiing cd vi the cua minh trong chudi cung dng cua khach hang.
- Can duy tri va p h a t trien -cac thi trudng truyen thdng (ca thi trUdng trung chuyen va thi trudng ngUdi tieu dung triic tiep), nhd dd uy tin va chat lupng cua san pham gd XK VN se tiep can nhanh hPn tdi ngUdi tieu dung.
- Tap trung p h i t trien manh mot sd thi trudng muc tieu, cd nen kinh te phat trien dn dinh, sde mua manh va nhu cau lien tuc tang; cd cac the ehe va kinh doanh, thuong mai hoan thien, he thd'ng phan phd'i rpng k h i p va nang ddng (bao gdm: EU, My, Nhat va Nga).
- Tap trung xay dung mot dpi ngu tiep thi gidi ve chuyen mdn lan ngoai ngd de cd the xam nhap
Phat trien kinh te - Thang MUdi Mpt nam 2010
27
• , • I
QUAN LY XUAT NHAP KHAU CI VN
tdt vao thi trUdng. Cac DN e i n ehu trpng den viec xay dting cho minh mpt he thdng cae dai ly trung gian hoac tao mdi quan he tdt vdi cac edng ty trung gian de ed nhieu ctf hpi htfn trong viec gia nhap chudi cung dng eua cac thi trudng ldn
5.2 Nhom gidi phdp hodn thien chuoi cung ang
- Cac DN da xay difng dupe chudi cung dng thi cin tie'n hanh lien ke't vdi cie chudi khac thdng qua viec: hpp t i e dau tU; san se kinh nghiem, san se dtfn h i n g ; hoan thien hon nda md'i quan he vdi cac thanh vien khac trong chudi cung dng; nang mdi quan he gida eac dd'i t i c td binh thudng len dd'i tac chien Idtfe; tao md'i quan he chat ehe, khdng bi ddt quang.
- Cae DN da tham gia vao nhdm chudi eung dng thi thife hien viec md rpng nang life hoat dpng nhdm, ket nap them t h a n h vien de tim kiem nhdng eP hdi kinh doanh ldn.
- Cac DN cdng c i n tim cich nang cao gia tri cua DN, nen tang ehi phi boat dpng nghien cdu va phat trien (R&D) de cd the n i m b i t thi trUdng va theo kip xu hudng p h i t trien cua san pham.
Thdc hien viec hop t i c vdi eac chuyen gia va tham ehi cd the thue chuyen gia chau Au de giup tao mdi cac kieu dang s i n pham, n h i m tang them phan ha'p d i n cho cac thi trUdng chinh nhU My, chau Au. TrUde m i t , can tiep tuc khai thac thi trudng gd ngoii trdi, vi day la the manh cua VN.
Ve lau dai, ein hUdng tdi cac s i n pham npi that, ddng thdi tang ty le hang cao cap trong co ca'u cac mat hang gd npi that. Ngoai cic s i n p h i m don thuin lam td gd, c i n phat trien cic mat hang npi that lam td cae chat lieu k h i c hoac ke't hpp nhieu chat lieu trong mpt san pham npi that. Viec da dang hoa s i n pham khdng nhdng giup tham nhap thi trudng de htfn ma edn t r a n h dUtfe kha nang bi kien ban pha gia.
- DN can xac dinh rd vi tri thd hai cua minh (la DN che bien va cung dng s i n pham gd) trong chudi eung dng s i n pham gd cua khu vifc va toan ciu, trong day chuyen: DN trdng rdng va eung dng phu lieu - DN che bien va eung dng s i n pham gd - nha xuat nhap khau qudc te - n h i b i n le - ngudi tieu dung. Tren ctf so dd, tien h a n h phan loai cac chudi cung dng toan ciu ma DN nen tham gia.
5.3 Mot so kien nghi nhdm xdy dUng vd hodn thien chudi cung ang cho cdc DN trong ngdnh sdn xudt hdng gd XK VN thdi gian tdi - Nha nudc can ed eac ehinh s a d i v i hanh dpng eu the n h i m t a p trung hd trp, giii quyet khau d i u tien va quan trpng n h a t trong chudi eung dng la ngudn nguyen phu lieu.
- Chinh phu va hiep hpi can khao sat toan dien hoat dpng kinh doanh cua cac DN trong n g i n h hang n i y , td dd xay dung nen cic chien lUtfe cho chudi eung dng cua nganh hang htfp ly va hieu qua.
- Hiep hpi lam s i n VN v i cae Hiep hpi die bien XK dd gd dia phUtfng can nang eao vai tro dinh hudng va nang life quan ly cua minh trong viec tao dung chudi eung Ung eua nganh hang nay trong giai doan d i u phat trien.
TAI LIEUTHAIVI KHAO
1. ThS. Nguyin Cdng Binh, Giao trinh quan ly chuoi cung Ung. NXB Thdng ke.
2. Shoshanah Cohen & Joseph Roussel, Quan ly chien lUdc chudi cung Ung, Tai lieu dich, NXB Thdng ke.
3. Hawa (6/2009), Bao cao tai Hpi thao "Nang cao vai nang luc XK dd gd sang thi trudng My" td chdc tai TP.HCM.
4. Vu Le Thuy Linh (2010), Xay dung va ho^n thien chudi cung Ung cho cac DN trong nganh sin xuat hang gd XK cua VN, Luan van thac sT kinh te, trUdng DH Kinh te - Luat. GVHD GS.TS. Doan Thj Hdng Van.
5. Hawa, Ban tin cija Hawa sd 10/2009 va sd 2/2010.
6. Thdi bao kinh te VN (2010), Kinh te VN va the gidi 2009-2010.
7. PGS.TS Doan Thj Hdng Van chu bien (2002), Quan tri cung Ung, NXB Thdng ke.
8. Wood Purchasing News Review, No August, Sep/
2009 and March/2010.
