CHAU MY N G A Y NAY SO 08-2011 23
CHINH TRi - LUAT
CHINH SACH CUA MY VE BIEN DONG
Nguyen Anh Cvfofng Dai hoc Thdy Lai
B
ien Ddng la vung bien ciia dfldc chflng m i n h ed trfl lUdng d i u Thai Binh Dudng ndi Thai md k h o a n g 1,2 km^ (7,7 ty thung), Binh DUdng va An Do DUdng trong tdng trfl lUdng Udc t i n h la 4,5 nam b phia Ddng Viet Nam, t r a i tfl km^ (28 ty t h u n g ) , Trfl Ifldng k h i gas Singapore va eo bien Malacca tdi eo tfl n h i e n dfldc Udc t i n h k h o a n g 7.500 bien Dai Loan, vdi didn tich khoang kmf ^ Ddi vdi Hoa Ky, Bien Ddng eo 3,500,000 k m ^ bao gdm ca cac chudi mot vi t r i q u a n t r o n g va ho ludn tim dao va bai da n g i m khdng ngUdi b, \k each dd' d a m bao vai trd cua minh b khu viie ma mot sd nUde Chau A cung ^ ^ ^ ^^^ ^^y-tuyen bd' cd chii q u y i n (Vidt N a m goi T -o- ' u r> • -' r* - - .i. -.
•^ , ^ -^ ^ • ^ ^ • Lofi i c h B i e n D o n g t r o n g c o n la Bidn Ddng E a s t Sea, n h i l u nUdc J' •, ^-s n/r-
f m a t c u a nufofc M y goi b a n g tid'ng A n h la South China
Sea bie'n N a m T r u n g Hoa, mot each Ldi ich cua My b Bid'n Ddng bao goi khdng hdp ly v l thue t r a n g dia ly go"! ^ac ldi ich v l kinh td', ldi ich an eua nd) ninh chid'n lUdc, trong dd cd ldi ich Day la mot v u n g b i i n cd y n g h i a trUdc m l t la kinh td, cdn ldi ich an dia chinh t r i vo c u n g q u a n trong. Nd ^ i n h chid'n lUde la muc tieu can ban, la dUdng h a n g h a i ddng due thfl h a i Tren binh didn q u a n he kinh td, My trdn t h d gidi, t r o n g k h i ne'u t i n h theo ^^ng dfldc xem la doi tac thfldng mai tdng Ifldng h a n g hoa thfldng mai ^d 1 cua N h a t Ban, sd 2 cua Trung chuydn q u a h a n g n a m , hdn 50% di Q^oe va thfl 3 eua ASEAN, Ldi ich qua Eo bid'n Malacca, Eo S u n d a , va kinh td cua My tai k h u vflc Thai Binh Eo Lombok, H a n g ngay, hdn 1,6 dfldng da Idn hdn ldi ich d- Tay Au, tridu m^ (10 tridu t h u n g ) d i u tho K h ^ ^lic Thai Binh Dfldng dang t h u dfldc chuydn q u a eo bie'n Malacca, ^ u t mot Ifldng d i u tfl kho'ng id cua eae Khdi Ifldng v a n t a i d i u va k h i hda c6ng ty My. H a n g hda x u i t k h i u cua long di q u a eo Malacca gap ba l l n My sang k h u vflc Ddng A va tfl Ddng qua k e n h dao Suez va gap 15 l l n A tdi My cung dfldc v a n chuydn chu qua k e n h dao P a n a m a . V u n g n a y da ye'u qua cae tuydn dudng bien qud'c te
^ 4 SO 08-2011 CHAU MY N G A Y NAY tren Bien Ddng, Do nhflng ldi ich Idn V l ldi ich an ninh chid'n Ifldc, Bien v l thfldng mai va kinh te b Ddng A, Ddng la con dfldng chid'n Ifldc ndi liln vide bao dam di lai tfl do cho tau be Dai Tay Dfldng vdi Thai Binh Dfldng, cua My tren cac tuyen dfldng Bid'n la khu viic boat dong, t u i n tieu cua Ddng da dUdc My coi trong. My thfla Ham doi 7 tai Tay Thai Binh DUdng, nhan mot thUc te la nhilu nUdc dang thiic hien hanh dong quan sU b vinh cin tdi ngudn tai nguyen ciia cac nudc Persic, la ndi trid'n khai nhidm vu Ddng Nam A. Neu My thanh cdng Phong thii An Do Dudng eiia Bd Tu trong vide dflng chan tai day, so cd the lenh Thai Binh Dfldng. Cac tuyen thiet lap cac quan he canh tranh kinh dUdng bien Ddng Nam A cd the lidn te binh ding vdi cac nUde trong khu ket cac can cfl quan sfl ciia My trdn vflc, Bdn canh dd, vdi vide ndn kinh te lanh thd Nhat Ban vdi can cfl Idn cua tang trfldng ngay cang cao, khien cho My b dao Guam, tao thanh phdng nhu elu v l nang Ifldng cua eae nfldc tuydn quan sfl bao vd cac ddng minh Idn trong khu vflc ngay cang tang, cua My d Ddng A, My nhan thflc r i t hang ngay cd hang chuc tau chd diu ro vai trd quan trong ciia Bien di qua eo bien Malacca. Vi the. My Ddng trong chien Ifldc toan ciu cua mudn cd ldi the tren con dfldng chd My d thdi ky hau Chid'n tranh Lanh.
dau nay. My xem vide quan he vdi cac nfldc Idn Tuy nhien, khu vflc Bien Ddng trong khu vUc la mot trong nhflng flu chfla phai la vung quan trong nhat tidn trong chinh sach toan elu mdi trong ban do chie'n Ifldc cua My, tham cua minh, Vi vay, vi tri dia chid'n Ifldc ehi nd chfla bao gid la quan tam chid'n ^^^ ^^^^ ^ a m A, trong dd cd Bidn Ifldc cua My cho du nd la mot phan ^dng cang trd ndn quan trong hdn.
cua chid'n Ifldc Ddng A, ma quan tam Trong tinh hinh mdi. Bien Ddng se trfldc bet eua My la ban dao Trilu tao dilu kidn cho My duy tri sfl hidn Tidn, rdi den Nhat Ban,^ The nhflng, didn quan sfl, giup trien khai nhanh My mudn Bid'n Ddng mai mai la vung quan My tdi cae diem ndng trong khu bid'n qude te, n h i m dam bao eho tau viic, cung nhu ra cac did'm ndng khac thuyin quan sii va tau van tai budn trdn the gidi, n h i m bao vd Icfi ich eua han di lai tii do, khdng bi gay philn My trdn toan elu,
nhidu. My bid't ro, neu My khdng phat
huy anh hudng trong khu viie thi Chinh sach ciia My ve Bien Dong ngoai Trung Qud'c tang cUdng "Nam Chinh quyin My da nhilu lln tien", Nhat Ban cung se mUdn ed bao tuydn bo ldi ich va lap trUdng cua vd con dudng hang hai budn ban cua minh. Dd la tuydn bo cua Ngoai ho de phat trid'n thiie liic quan sii trudng My tai Hoi nghi cap Bd trUdng khdng che vung bien nay,'' ASEAN l l n thfl 26 tai Singapore
CHAU MY NGAY NAY SO 08-2011 ^ (thang 7/1993), ban bao eao eiia Bo ngan can cua tat ea tau be va may bay
Qudc phdng My (thang 2/1995) va d bid'n Nam Trung Hoa la cin thiet eho nha't la ban tuydn bd' chinb thflc ciia hda binh va phdn vinh eiia toan khu Bo Ngoai giao My (thang 5/1995) v l vflc chau A Thai Binh Dfldng,
chinb sach eiia My ddi vdi v i n d l Bien My kidn quyet chdng lai vide sii Ddng, Trfldc nam 1995, khi My chfla dung va de doa sfl dung vu lfle de giai dilu chinh chid'n Ifldc an ninh chau A quyet tranh chip chii quyin va keu
Thai Binh Dfldng, thi trfldc moi goi t i t ca cac bdn kiim che va tranh tranh chip d Bidn Ddng, lap trfldng ed hanh dong gay m l t d'n dinh khu khdng can thiep ciia My van gifl vflc.
nguyen, Chi khi sfl cang thang d khu My keu goi cac bdn ed yeu sach vflc tang len vao thang 2/1995, khi tang cfldng nhflng nd lfle ngoai giao Philippines phat hidn t h i y Trung nhim giai quydt cac v i n d l cd lidn Qud'c xay dflng cae edng trinh tai dao quan ddn cac yeu sach tranh chip chu v a n h Khan each dao Palawan eua quydn, tinh ddn ldi ich cua tat ca cac PhiUppines 135 dam v l phia Tay va ben cung nhfl ddng gdp vao hda binh nhflng hanh ddng phan flng gay git va phdn vinh trong khu vflc. My san ciia cac ben tranh chap cd nguy ed lam sang giup dd bing moi each, dilu ma biing Idn thanh xung dot, anh hfldng cae ben cd ydu sach eoi la cd ich,
tdi an ninh khu vflc, thi My mdi td rd My khang dinh lai sfl ung ho cua lap trfldng ciia minh. Bd Qud'c phdng minh ddi vdi tuydn bd' cua ASEAN My tuydn bd': "My coi nhflng vung nam 1992 v l bien Nam Trung Hoa,,, bid'n sau b bid'n Nam Trung Hoa la My khdng cd lap trfldng v l gia tri vung bien ehung ciia qud'c td', Ldi ich phap ly ciia cac tuydn bd' ehu quyin chid'n lUdc eua My trong vide duy tri khac nhau ddi vdi cac dao, bai san hd, cac tuyen giao thdng ndi liln Ddng bai ngim va elu cang b bidn Nam Nam A, Ddng Bic A va Dai Tay Trung Hoa. Tuy nhidn. My se xem DUdng lam cho My nhan thay sii cin xet, vdi mdi quan tam thiic sii, moi thiet phai chdng lai bat cfl tuyen bd yeu sach v l lanh hai, hoac nhflng boat hai phan nao vUdt qua quy dinh cua dong han che ddi vdi boat ddng hang Cdng Ude qud'c te v l Luat bid'n"' Den hai b bid'n Nam Trung Hoa khdng phu ngay 10/5/1995, Bo Ngoai giao My hdp vdi luat phap qude te, kd' ca Cdng chinh thflc dfla ra chinh sach eua Acic v l Luat bien ciia Lidn Hdp Qudc minh ddi vdi van d l Bien Ddng: nam 1982,"^
"My cd ldi ich lau dai trong vide duy Den ngay 31/5/1995, chinh sach ciia tri hda binh va d'n dinh d Bid'n Ddng. My cd sfl thay ddi mang tinh thflc Duy tri sfl tfl do di lai cua tau be la ldi chat khi ho cdng khai tuydn bd "iing ich cd ban ciia My, Vide di lai khdng hi hd Manila ngan chan hanh ddng xam
^6 SO 08-2011 C H A U M Y NGAY NAY Ifldc ciia Trung Qudc" Sang thang My tdn trong quyin "tfl xut" eua cac 6/1995, Ha vien My thdng qua "Dfl an nfldc chau A va khdng can thiep vao Luat ldi ich hai ngoai ciia My", chi rd cac cudc tranh c h i p chu quyin. My tfl do hang hai d Bid'n Ddng la "cflc k^ b i t d i u thiet ke chfldng trinh cho quan trong" ddi vdi an ninh qiuVc gia Upj^j^^ ^,^^ ^^^^ ^ ^-^^ Obama", nhfl MS va cac nfldc ddng minh cua My. ^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^ ^.^^ j ^ . j ^ - ^^^^ ^^^
Tidp ddn ngay 7/8/1995, lln diu t.on ^^^ ^^^ r^^^ ^^^^^ Singapore Ly My chi ro "Tii do hang hai d khu vi^c Q ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ - . ^ ^^. ^^^ ^^. ^^^ ^ ^ nay la ldi ich Cd ban cua My' ^^^^g ^^^- ^^^ gOOQ, ring: "Ne'u
Tfl nhflng nam 1990 ddn nay, My ^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^ ^^^ ^^^ai Binh Dfldng, eoi vide giai quylt tranh chap d Bien ^.^ ^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^ ^^^ 1^ j-^j^
Ddng thudc nghia vu lanh dao the gidi ^^^ ^^^ gidi""
cua My va cd y dd chi dao tie'n trinh ' Q ^ ^ ^ ^ - ^ ^ ^ ^ . ^^y ^^^ ^ . ^^^
giai quydt vin d l Bid'n Dong theo ^^^ j ^ - . ^ ^^^ ^- ^^^^ ^^^ j^^^j^ ^.^g ^^
hfldng ed ldi cho My. Trfldc mdi lo ngai ^^^^ ^ ^ . ^ ^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^^^ ^ . ^ ^^^
ciia cac nfldc ASEAN ddi vdi kha nang ^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^. ^j^ ^^-^^ ^^^^^ ^^^
Trung Qudc sii dung vu Iflc, My da ^ ^ y . ^ j ^ - ^^ ^^^ j ^ ^^y.^ bo eua tuydn bdbang moi gia tranh khdng dd ^^^^. ^^^^^^ ^^ ^-^^^^^ Clinton:
vin di Trfldng Sa xay ra xung dot. My .^^^^^ ^.. ^ . ^^^ j ^ . , (^^. g^gj^^^
se bd tri quan ddi nham bao dam cac ^g^y 21/7/2OIO) va tie'p dd la khing bdn giai quydt tranh chap bang con ^^^ ^- ^. ..^^y.^ 1^ q ^ ^ ^^„ ^^.
^ • bien Ddng, cung nhfl vide "Hoa K^
Trong nhidm ky cua chinh quyin ^^g ^. ^ ^ y . ^ ^ . ^^g ^^ ^ . g - . ^ j^^^g George W, Bush (2001-2009), My it ^ . ^ ^gEAN Trung Qudc 2002 (tai can dfl va thidu mot chinb sach n h i t ^^ ^^. ^g^y 23/7/2OIO), Ngoai trfldng quan; chinh sach ddi vdi Trung Qud'c ^.^^^^^ Clinton cung dfla ra tuydn bd chi phdi chinh sach My tai Ddng Nam ^^^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^g^ ^ . ^ g ^^ , ^ ^^
A. Ddi vdi v i n di Bid'n Ddng, chinh hang hai trong khu vflc Bien Ddng tai quyin Bush triet de trung lap va Dien dan Khu viic ASEAN va boc 16 khdng can dfl, ehi nhan manh mdi gfl ung ho ve mat ngoai giao ddi vdi quan tam v l tfl do hang hai, ^idc dan xd'p cac tranh chip chu
Nhflng vdi tham vong ngay cang quyg^ thdng qua thfldng Ifldng.^ Ba tang cua Trung Qud'c t^i Bid'n Ddng, Clinton ndi: "Hoa Ky cung nhfl moi My da thay dd'i quan did'm 180°, bing qudc gia khac, cd ldi ich qudc gia trong mot chinh sach tid'p can mdi ddi vdi vide tfl do hang hai, md rong dfldng chau A Thai Binh Dfldng, trai vdi bid'n chau A, va tdn trong luat phap tuydn bd ban d i u khi mdi nham chflc qud'c td b Bid'n D6ng"^° Cac tuyen bd tdng thdng cua Barack Obama, r i n g ngoai giao nay da ciing co nhflng nd
C H A U M Y N G A Y NAY SO 08-2011 27^
lfle cai thidn quan he quo'c phdng vdi Nam A. Do dd, dap lai cac ddi hdi nhfl Viet Nam va trung khdp vdi cac ke vay eua Trung Qudc, cac nha lanh dao hoach td chflc mot cuoc tap tran quan quan sfl My tfl Bo trfldng Qude sfl tac chid'n thuy bo vdi Nhat Ban^V phdng, Tfl lenh quan doi My b Thai Day chinh la thai do tid'p can mdi cua Binh Dfldng, cho de'n cac ham trUdng My tai chau A ddi vdi chinh sach banh My ghe tham khu vUc, lien tid'p khing trudng eua Trung Qude sau mot thap dinh My la mot "qude gia Thai Binh nidn gin nhu v i n g bdng d chau A DUdng", cd eae mdi lidn he lau ddi ddi Thai Binh DUdng, vdi chau A.va se tid'p tuc la mdt cUdng
Nhflng sfl kien dd didn ra khi qudc b khu vflc.^^
Ngoai trudng My dii Diln dan Khu Thfl trfldng Ngoai giao My James viie ASEAN (ARE), tao ra cot mdc lich Steinberg Idn tid'ng: "Chung toi da sii v l sii tai can dii cua My vao cdng that sU nhan thay dilu nay vai trd vide eua Ddng Nam A ke tfl Chien eiia chung tdi tai Ddng A se la tdi tranh Viet Nam kdt thuc (1975), quan trong ddi vdi tfldng lai cua
Tuy nhidn tfl ngay 7/5/2009, Trung chung tdi" Sfl trd lai cua My co thd' Qud'c l l n d i u tien cdng khai tuydn bd' thay rat rd b cac dien dan ngoai giao ban dd 9 doan dflt khuc, cdn goi la qua mot so' boat dong ndi bat rihu:
"dudng ludi bd", vd'n dUde chinh quyin chuydn kinh ly d i u tien ciia Ba Qud'c Dan Dang ve ra nam 1947, hdng Hillary Clinton vdi tU each Ngoai nud't 80% didn tich ea Bid'n Ddng, Tfl trfldng la den Ddng Nam A; hay tai cudi thang 4/2011, Trung Qude bat cuoc hop thUdng dinh ASEAN (ngay 7 diu md ta Bid'n Ddng nhu mot trong va 8/5/2011) d Jakarta, My da l l n diu cac mdi quan tam ehu dao, thudc loai tidn cfl vi Dai sfl ciia minh tai
"ldi ich cd't loi" ben canh Dai Loan va ASEAN,' David Lee Carden^^ tdi day.
Tay Tang, cung nhfl hang loat hanh Nfldc My ciia Chinh quyin Obama ddng cflng r l n , gay ban quye't liet eiia b i t d i u ndi nhieu den vai trd Trung ho ddi vdi Viet Nam va PhiUppines, Qud'c hdn. My cho rang, Trung Qude nhfl vide de doa tau tham dd dia chin da la cfldng qudc thi cin phai h i n h xxl cua Philippines (thang 3/2011), elt cho dang hoang, van d l Bien Dong cap tham dd dia chan tau Binh Minh cin phai dfldc giai quyet trdn tinh 02 cua Viet Nam (thang 5/2011). t h i n dam phan chfl khdng phai de Trfldc nhflng hanh dong dd cua Trung net, va rang My cflc lfle phan ddi sii Qude, My da sdm bay td quan diem va dung vu lfle, hoac de doa vu lfle tai each flng x^ ddi vdi van d l Bie'n Ddng, Bid'n Ddng nhfl tuyen bd cua Bo My nhan ra rang, ne'u chap nhan "ldi Ngoai giao Hoa Ky ngay 31/5/2011 ich cd't loi" nay se ddng nghia vdi vide trUde cau tra ldi cua phdng vidn My hi d i y ra khdi vung bid'n Ddng TTXVN tai My v l sii kidn tau Hai
28 SO 08-2011 C H A U M Y NGAYNAY giam Trung Qudc dpt nhap hai phan
Vidt Nam \h \km "nhi^m vu" cAt cap tau Binh Minh 02 thuoc 'iY»p doan Diu khi qud'c gia Viet Nam," Vidt tren Wall Street Journal"', Daniel Blumenthal (nguyon vion chflc Phdng An ninh qudc t l thudc Bg Qudc phdng My) ndi tht'mg ring, Trung Qudc khdng h i chdi dung luat ddi vdi vin d l Bien Ddng, bing thai do "bit nat"
nfldc nhd va "Washington dang dat diu chim bet cho chien Ifl^c chia eat chinh phuc (chia de tri) ciia Trung Qude tai Ddng Nam A"; khi "My khdng the ndi r i n g My hanh xii eo trach nhidm khi de nhflng vu quiy nhieu cua Trung Qud'c vdi Viet Nam xay ra ma khdng len tid'ng"
Sfl dilu chinh lap trUdng ciia My v l Bidn Ddng con n i m trong chidn lUdc chung cua chinh quydn My ddi phd vdi thach thflc mdi tfl sflc manh quan sfl vUdt trdi ciia Trung Qud'c, trUde h i t la lUe lUdng hai quan va phao binh chien lUdc (ten Ifla), tai chau A Thai Binh Dudng, Nd phan anh mau t h u i n tang len trong quan he quan sii My Trung, Phia Trung Qud'c tim each diy My ra khdi Ddng A, trong dd ed Bien Ddng Nam A, My chu trUdng kiem che va chd'ng lai vide Trung Qud'c thach thflc vai trd ehii dao cua My d khu vflc nay, ^^
Do dd, My dang thflc hidn sfl thay dd'i quan trong trong chinh sach toan elu trong thdi gian nay, Va chinh sach Ddng Nam A dang d g i n tam did'm. Ngay 31/5/2011, Trd ly Ngoai
trfldng My Kurt Campbell ndi trong mot bai phat bieu r i n g , tap trung eua My sd thay ddi tfl Trung Ddng va
"Nam A" sang Ddng A, Va d Ddng A, thoo dng Campbell, trong tam l y se chuyen dich tfl Ddng Bic A sang Ddng Nam A.''
Bd trudng Qud'c phdng My Robert Gates dang tim kidm each xky dflng mdi quan hd vdi nhflng nfldc chau A d l giai quydt nhflng thach thflc da dang trong tfldng lai tai khu vflc niy, dong thdi cam ke't duy tri vai trd cua My nhfl la mot ddi tac dang tin ciy ciia cac ddng minh trong khu vUe. Ndi each khac. My dang mudn the hidn ro thdng diep ho khdng de dang "budng"
khu vUe chau A, bao gdm Bien Ddng de Trung Qud'c ed the tfl do hanh ddng, b i t chip nhflng khd khan noi tai. Ong Gates khdng up md v l dilu nay khi binh luan trfldc khi den Didn dan An ninh chau A d Singapore (5/6/2011): "Ngfldi Trung Qudc khdng cd y dinh cd ging canh tranh vdi ehung tdi trdn t i t ca cac kha nang, nhflng tdi nghi ho dang c6 y dinh phat trien cac kha nang n h i m giup ho cd quyin tfl do dang kd trong hanh dong d chau A va md rdng anh hfldng"
My cung td ra khdn kheo khi Do ddc Robert Willard, tfl lenh Bo chi huy Thai Binh Dfldng, tuydn bd trfldc khi di Singapore: "My khdng dflng v l bdn nao trong mot cuoc tranh chip.
Day la mot cam ke't chic chan de cho tha'y ring, cac bdn lidn quan tdi tranh chip c i n phai cung nhau giai quyd't
CHAU MY N G A Y NAY SO 08-2011 29 van d l mdt each hda binh va thdng
qua ddi thoai, chfl khdng phai bing nhflng va cham trdn bien hoac tren khdng" Tuy nhidn, the khd cua My luc nay la vfla mud'n khing dinh tid'p tuc hidn didn quan sfl tai khu vflc chau A Thai Binh Dfldng nhfl trfldc, vfla khdng mud'n lam ton hai den mdi quan he vdi Trung Qud'c dang dfldc cai thidn, Trong hdn 4 nam lanh dao Liu Nam gdc vfla qua, dng Robert Gates cung coi quan he vdi Bic Kinh la vin d l flu tidn dac bidt^^
Tai cuoc Ddi thoai an ninh khu vflc Shangrila 2011 (Singapore tfl ngay 5/6/2011) Bo trfldng Qud'c phdng My Robert Gates da ndu nhilu noi dung quan trong vd Bidn Ddng. Ong Gates nha'n manh: "My dac bidt coi trong cac khu vUe hang hai chung vi an ninh, thfldng mai va tfl do di lai. Trong linh vflc nay, Bien Ddng la ndi dang gay ngay cang nhilu quan ngai,,. Vung bidn nay khdng chi quan trong ddi vdi cae nfldc trflc tid'p cd vung lanh hai giap ranh, ma vdi tat ca eae qud'c gia cd ldi ich an ninh va kinh td' tai chau A, Chinh sach cua My la rd rang: Vide duy tri d'n dinh, tfl do hang hai, phat trien kinh te mdt each tfl do va khdng bi can trd cd y nghia cd't yeu. My khdng dflng v l bdn nao trong tranh chip chu quyin, nhflng chung tdi phan ddi s^ dung vu lfle va eae hanh ddng can trd tfl do hang hai. Chung tdi chdng lai moi hanh ddng nham hu doa cac cdng ty My, hay cua b i t cfl qudc gia nao dang cd hoat ddng kinh
td' chinh dang tai khu vflc nay. T i t ea cae ben c i n hdp tac giai quye't cac khac bidt thdng qua nd lfle hda binh, da phfldng, tuan thu luat phap qud'c te. Tuydn bd flng xif Bid'n Ddng 2002 la mot bfldc quan trong theo hfldng nay va chung tdi hy vong vide thflc hidn toan didn thda thuan nay se dfldc tid'p tue" Cd mly diem mdi dang ehu y trong chinh sach ciia My. Bd trfldng Qud'c phdng My da mang v i n d l Bidn Ddng ra ndi cdng khai d mot hoi nghi an ninh khu vflc, bat ddng vdi eae lap trfldng eiia Trung Qud'c v l vin di nay, L l n dau tien. Bo trfldng Qud'c phdng My nhan manh ddn quydn cua cac qud'c gia trong vung Bien Ddng dfldc phat tridn kinh td' ma khdng bi ngan can, ddng thdi khang dinh My cung eo nhflng quydn ldi kinh td' d vung nay.
Bo trfldng Qud'c phdng My cdn di cap de'n vide "xay dflng kha nang ddi tac. Bdi vi vide chia se trach nhidm an ninh tai chau A ddi hdi sfl cin thidt r i n g ta't ea cac qud'c gia ed dii nang lfle, trong dd cd du phfldng tidn khdng chi de bao vd lanh thd eiia minh ma cdn gdp p h i n dam bao an ninh tai khu vflc" ^^ Theo Foreign Policy, dng Robert Gates cdn ndi thdm: "Da ed nhilu nfldc tang cfldng quan he quan sfl vdi My, tfl Singapore, Indonesia, Viet Nam, Phillippines, Malaysia, Australia eho dd'n cac ddng minh truyin thd'ng ciia My nhfl Thai Lan, Nhat Ban, Han Qudc, My ein phai linh boat khi p h i t tridn mdi quan he vdi cac qud'c gia nay"^°
30 SO 08-2011 C H A U M Y N G A Y NAY Mae dfl Trung Qudc ra sflc khang binh da phfldng trong tranh chap vung dinh tdn trong tfl do thdng thfldng bien Ddng Nam A; ngay 15/7/2011, Ha hang hai qude to tai Wwn Ddng, vi?n My ra nghi quyet H,Res.352 kdu nhung sU leo thang cua ho da gay gpi nhflng bi^n phap hda binh va hdp phan tac dung. Ci\c n h i phan I ich cho f;,,. trong giai quyet tranh chip Bien ring, m6t khi kiem .soat (hfdc liion Dong va vflng lan can, cung nhfl cac Dong, Trung Qudc se ap dat luat chdi ^ ^ g ^i^n khac gin khu vflc Ddng A.
ciia ho ddi vdi vflng bien Ddng Nam A Trong dd, nghi quyet S.Res.217 ciia v l Ddng BAc A, Vai trd My nhU mot Thfldng vien My ndu rd:
cfldng qudc hang hai, mot "qudc gia "(1) Tai k h i n g dinh sfl iing ho Thai Binh Dfldng" nhu ldi Tong thdng manh md ciia My ddi vdi cac giai phap My Barack Obama, so bi suy yeu hda binh trong tranh chip d Bien nghiem trong, Nga mot eUdng qude Ddng va cam ke't tid'p tuc nd Iflc tao hang hai, va An Do mot qudc gia dilu kidn giai quyet tranh chip bing hang hai dang trdi day, cung khdng ^^a phfldng va hda binh;
ngdi nhin Trung Qude dat moi sfl (2) Phan ddi vide sii dung vu liic trfldc vide da rdi. Cho ndn, Chu tich ciia cac tau hai quan va hai giam c3 Hoi ddng Tham mflu Lien quan My, l^n eiia Trung Qudc trdn vung Bien Dd ddc Mullen, ngay khi dat chan Ddng;
dd'n Ble Kinh (ngay 10/7/2011) trong O) Kdu gpi tat ca cac bdn tranh cuoc di tham dap le da bay td quan chip kiim ehe trong vide de doa dung ngai sau sic v l tinh hinh Bid'n Ddng vu Iflc hoac dung vu Iflc de tuydn bd khi khang dinh: "My se khdng rdi ddi hdi chu quyin;
khdi khu vflc. Sfl hidn didn lau dai (4) Ung ho lfle Ifldng vu trang cua cua ehung tdi d khu vflc nay cd y Hoa Ky tid'p tuc cae boat ddng duy tri nghia r i t quan trong vdi cac ddng tfl do di lai trong vung hai phan va minh cua chung tdi trong nhilu thap khdng phan qudc te d Bien Ddng."^^
ky qua, va ehung tdi se tid'p tue ddng Nhfl vay cd the thiy, chinh sach cua vai trd nhfl vky"^\ My d Bid'n Ddng da cd nhilu thay ddi.
Ung hd tuyen bd cua cac quan chflc Dac biet dfldi thdi ciia Chinh quyen trong chinh quyin, ca Thfldng vidn va Obama, chinh sach do da dfldc dilu Ha vidn My trong Qud'c hoi khda 112, chinh d mot so'diem chinh nhfl sau:
ky hop thfl nha't diu dfla ra nhflng Chuyen sfl chu y trong khu vflc nghi quye't bay td thai do eiia minh chau A tfl Ddng Ble A sang Ddng trfldc nhflng didn bid'n dang ngay cang Nam A, vfla n h i m dam bao vai trd phflc tap d Bid'n Ddng. Nhfl ngay toan e l u eua My. vfla dd'kiim chd sfl 27/6/2011, Thfldng vidn My ra nghi trdi day thach thflc vai trd My ciia quyd't S.Res.217 kdu goi giai quyd't hda Trung Qudc.
CHAU MY NGAY NAY SO 08-2011 3 1
Hdp tac chat ehe hdn vdi cac nfldc Ddng Nam A, dd' dam bao vide thflc thi Cdng ude Luat bid'n cua Lien Hdp Qudc nam 1982, gifla cac nfldc Ddng Nam A vdi Trung Qud'c trong tranh chip Bien Ddng, de duy tri vi tri va quyin ldi Idn ciia My d Thai Binh Dfldng,
Tai khang dinh anh hfldng eiia My trong khu vflc Bien Ddng khdng chi vi ldi ich chinh tri ma manh me hdn cdn la nhflng quydn ldi kinh td'.
Sfl thay dd'i nay cua My la mot diu hidu td't cho cac nfldc trong khu vflc, cung nhfl cho Viet Nam tang cfldng sflc manh tdng hdp trong vide bao vd ehii quyin d Bidn Ddng ciia minh •
Chu thich:
1) http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi%E 1%BB%
83n _%C4%90%C3%B4ng
2) Nguyen Nham, Diem mdi trong chie'n lUctc Bien Dong cda My, ngay 15/7/2011, www.cpv.org.vn/cpv/Modules/Preview/Print Preview.aspx?co_id=30671&cn_id=468686 3) Lian Qingchuan, Will the U.S. Intervene in
the South China Sea Dispute? 18 J u n e 2011,
http://watchingamerica.eom/News/108359/w ill-the-u-s-intervene-in-the-south-china-sea- dispute/
4) Le Van Anh, Quan he My ASEAN (1967- 1997) lich sie vd trien vong, Nxb Ttf Dien Bach Khoa, Ha Noi 2009. Tr.407-408.
5) Bo Quoc phong My, Chien luac an ninh cda My doi vdi khu vUc Dong A Thdi Binh Duang, t h i n g 2/1995
6) Le Khtfdng Thuy, Chinh sdch cda Hoa Ky doi vdi ASEAN trong vd sau chie'n tranh lanh, Nxb Khoa hoc xa hoi. Ha Noi 2003.
7) Lg Van Anh, Q u a n h6 My ASEAN (1967- 1997) lich sit va tri^n vong, Nxb Txi Dien Bach Khoa, H a Noi 2009. Tr. 409
8) John Pomfret, U.S. is reaching out to East Asia's powerful nations, Washington Post
(7/11/2009).
9) Geoff Dyer, "Power Play in the South China Sea," Financial Times, ngky 9/8/2010.
10) http://www.govtrack.us/congress/billtext.
xpd?bill=hr 112-352
11) Carlyle A. Thayer, "Vietnam's Defensive Diplomacy," Wall Street Journal, ng&y 19/8/2010.
12) Nguyen Ngoc TrUdng, My diiu chmh chinh sdch bien Dong, http://www.toquoc.gov.vn/Thongtin/Y-Kien-
Binh-Luan/My-Dieu-Chinh-Chinh-Sach- Bien-Dong.html
13) Tong th6'ng Obama t h i n h l i p VSn phong dai sijf ASEAN Hoa K;^ vko thang 11-2010 14) Manh Kim, Cupc do'i ddu My Trung tai
bien Ddng, 5 thang 6, 2011
http://www.petrotimes.vn/dau-tien-quyen- luc/2011/06/cuoc-doi-dau-my-trung-tai-bien- dong
15) Daniel Blumenthal, "The U.S. Stands Up to China's Bullying", Wall Street Journal (27/7/2010).
16) Nguyin Ngoc Triidng, My diiu chinh chinh sdch bien Dong, http://www.toquoc.gov.vn/Thongtin/Y-Kien-
Binh-Luan/My-Dieu-Chinh-Chinh-Sach- Bien-Dong.html
17) Thuy PhUdng (lUdc dich tH atimes), My doi thdi do vi tranh chap Bien Dong?
http://www.baomoi.com/My-doi-thai-do-ve- tranh-chap-Bien-Dong/119/6415818.epi 18) Qudn dgi My khong di 'budng' Bien Ddng,
Thii bay, 4/6/2011, http://vnexpress.net/
gl/the-gioi/phan-tich/2011/06/quan-doi-my- khong-de-buong-bien-dong/
19) Nguyin Ngoc TrUdng, My diiu chinh chinh sdch bien Dong, http://www.toquoc.gov.vnyThongtin/Y-Kien-
Binh-Luan/My-Dieu-Chinh-Chinh-Sach- Bien-Dong.html
20) Qudn dpi My khong di 'budng' Bien Ddng, Thii bay, 4/6/2011, http://vnexpress.net/
gl/the-gioi/phan-tich/ 2011/06/quan-doi-my- khong-de-buong-bien-dong/
21) TS Nguyin Ngoc TrUdng, Ciiu quan ehdc Bg Ngog,i giao noi vi toan tinh cda TQ tren bien Ddng, http://giaoduc.net.vn/xa-hoi/40- /7622-cu-quan-chc-b-ngoi-giao-noi-v-toan- tinh-ca-tq-tren-bin-ong.html
22) http://www.govtrack.us/congress/billtext.
xpd?bill=srll2-217
