BAO DAM QUYEN CHINH TRI CUA PHU N 0 d MOT SO QUOC GIA TREN THE GlCfl
VA NHLfNG BAI HOC KINH NGHIEM DOI VCfl VIET NAM
• MAITHIDIEUTHUY
TOM TAT:
Tu" trifdc den nay. Dang va Nha Nifdc Viet Nam luon khlng dinh ung ho chinh sach binh dang gidi trong moi ITnh vifc cua ddi song xa hoi. Dieu nay ditdc the hien thong qua viec ban hanh cac chinh sach, phap luat cu the cung nhit cac chifdng trinh hanh dong thiJc te. Tuy nhi6n, thiTc tien thi^c thi phap luat cho thay van con ton tai sif ba't binh dang Idn giija nam va niJ, dac biet la trong ITnh vifc chinh tri. Bai viet de cap de'n nhiJng bal hoc kinh nghiem cua cac quo'c gia tren the* gidi de tCf do dUa ra nhUng giai phap phi! hdp nham nang cao hieu qua bao dam t^
16 phu nu" tham chinh, gop phan giup Viet Nam thiTc hien tot muc lieu thi6n ni6n kj thu' III:
"Tang ciTdng binh dang gidi, nSng cao nang liic va vi the cho phu nff".
Tilf khoa: Phu nO", quyen chinh tri, binh ddng gidi, bat binh dang gidi, cong bang, phap luat.
1. Kinh nghiem bao dam quyen chinh tri cua phu ni? d mot so' quo'c gia tren the' gidi
/ . / . Kinh nghiem cua Phdn Lan Phin Lan la quo'c gia Bac Au c6 be day kmh nghiem thtfc hien binh dang gidi va trao quyen cho phu niJ hdn mot the'ky qua. Van de nay difcfc the che hoa trong chinh sach, phap luat tif rat sdm, dac bietcdche'quanly,danhgia, giam sat ve ITnh vifc nay rat hieu qua. Tai day, phii nil difdc lao cd hoi binh dang de tiep can va thu hifdng cac quyen con ngu'di tren moi linh vi/c, bao gom ca chinh tri.
Phu nil" Phan Lan cd ddng gdp quan trong trong hoat dpng chinh tri vdi 50% thanh vien Chinh phu, thanh vien Hoi dong thanh pho' va 47% nghi si la phu nCr. Phan Lan diTdc danh gia la quo'c gia tien phong trong va'n de binh dang gidi, bdi day la qu6'c gia dau tien d chau Au trao cho phu wxi quy^n bau c^ va cung la quo'c gia dau tien tren the gidi trao quyen bSuciJchophu nffvaonam 1906, NiJ long tho'ng dau tien ciia Phan Lan (Ba Tarja Kaarina Halonen) la bieu tifdng ve binh dang gidi vdi hai nhiem ky keo dai 12 nam (2000-2012). Nhd nhQ-ng
chinh sach bao ve quyen con ngu'di, dac biet la phu niJ, ba nhan dtfdc sif ung ho cua ddng dao ngtfdi dan va ba cungco ten trong danh sach "lOOphunif quyen life nha'l the gidi", do Tap chi Forbes binh chpn nam 2009'". Hien nay, Phan Lan lie'p tuc cd mot tan thu Wdng chi mdi 34 luoi do la ba Sanna Marin. Ben canh do, trong Nghi vien cua Phan Lan cd nhieu phu niJ du'dc bau hen tuc hai nhiem ky de tham gia cong viec ciia Nghi vien, Trong nhiem ky hien tai, phu nu'gianhdrfdc93 tren long so'200 ghe cua Quo'c hoi, dal ty 16 47% tai cd quan lap phap. Trong do, 48% ghe' Quo'c hoi do nhiJng nff nghi sT difdi 45 tudi nam g\SX vdi 8 ni? nghi sT du'di 30 tuoi.
Khong chi tham gia cac cd quan nhj nirdc ma phu niJ con tich Q\ic tham gia hoat dong cua cac chinh dang. Phan Lan la quo'c gia da dang vdi hdn 50 van dang vien cua cac dang phai khac nhau trong do cd nhffng chinh dang ty le ni? chie'm 30- 40%, nhu'ng cung c6 nhifng chinh dang so ludno ntj- chia'm 70%, dac bi6t nhat hien nay la Chinh phu lien minh cua Phan Lan diTdc thanh lap lir 5 dang
8 So4'Thang3/2020
LUAT
ca 5 dang nay deu do nhifng ngiTdi phu mX lanh dao. Bon ngifdi trong ho la phu nu" difdi 35 tuoi.
Cac vien chiJc ni? trong bo may nha mldc cung chie'm ty 16 ti/dng do'i cao. Trong nhieu nhiem ky cua Chinh phu via qua, cd nhieu vi tri Bo trtfdng B6 Ngoai giao va Qud'c phong deu do phu nu" dam nhi6m. Dac biet lan dau tien Phan Lan cd niJ thu tu'dng, dong thdi ba cung la Chu tich cua Dang cam quyen. Trong he tho'ng cd quan ttf phap, ty 16 phu ni? lam viec trong cac toa an va cd quan cong to' cung kha cao. Dd'i vdi chinh quyen dia phiTcfng, ndi chung niJ vi6n chu'c chie'm khoang mot nu'a. Khong nhu'ng th6', phu nO" Phan Lan con tham gia tich ciTc vao lye Iifdng quan dpi trong ca Luc quan va Hai quSn. Hien nay, quan so'Phan Lan chifa den 4 van ngifdi, nhu^g niJ bmh linh chi6'm den 7 trieu ngttdi (chie'm ty 16 gan 20%), day la ty le cao nha't the gidi, trong do cd nhieu niJ la si quan va sT quan cao cap. Dac biet. Bo tru'dng Bo Quo'c phong la niJ, nam nay ba da 62 tuoi, la niJ B6 trifdng Quoc phong dau tien tr6n the" gidi.
Tr6n pham vi toan cau, Phan Lan ddng gdp nhieu thong qua to chu'c Lien hdp quo'c ve binh dang gidi va trao quyen cho phu niJ (UN women).
Cu the, vao nam 2014, Phan Lan da hd trd UN women 26,5 trieu euro de' chi phi cho si^ nghiep binh dang gidi.
De cd dildc nhilng thanh qua neu tren, cfS che bao dam thirc thi quyen phu n& tren thifc t6' d Phan Lan thi/c sii ra't hieu qua. Nha nifdc da rat chu trong de'n viec xay diTng va hoan thien bo may chuyen trach trong Chinh phu ve binh dang gidi, gom: Bo binh dang gidi phu trach ve ITnh viJc binh dang gidi, Thanh tra binh dang gidi. Kinh nghiem ciia Na Uy
Na Uy cung la quo'c gia 6 chau Au rat quan tam den va'n de binh ddng gidi va coi do la mot trong 4 vS'n de trong tam phat trien quo'c gia. Day cung la qud'c gia cd ty 16 phu nS tham gia lanh dao cao va kha sdm tren the' gidi, vu'dt qua ca Thuy Dien vaMy.TiJnam 1913,NaUy da cho phep phu nff tham gia bau cu' va de'n nam 1930 phu nfl da cd quyen flngcu" vao nghi vien. Nam 1979, NaUy da ban hanh Luat Binh dang gidi, ndi dung chiJa du^ng nhu'ng quy dinh bao dam cho phu nff va nam gidi difdc binh dang trong phat trien. Vi th6', phu nff Na Uy tham gia tich cffc vao ddi so'ng chinh tri, ty 16 nff nghi sTcua Nghi vien chie'm ty 16 39,4%, tham gia Chinh phu dat ty le 47%, c6 9 nff Bp trffdng trong so 19 Bp. Na Uy cd Bd Gia dinh va Binh dang gidi.
ddng thdi cd Cd quan thanh tra ve binh dang gidi va cho'ng phan biet dd'l xu". Nghj vien Na Uy da thong qua mot so'quy dinh phap luat bu6c cac cong ty l\i nhan phai bo nhiem it nhat 40% giam dd'c la nff. Dong thdi difa ra cac che' tai \i( ly manh, nhff:
do'i vdi cac doanh nghiep mdi khong cd du'dc 40%
nff giam dd'c se khong difdc dang ky kinh doanh;
con do'i vdi cac doanh nghiep da ton tai, trong 2 nam ke tff ngay LuSt c6 hieu lye, ho phai tuyen du so' phu nff vao ban lanh dao, neu vi pham cac doanh nghiep nay bupc phai ddng ciia.
Dac bi6t, Luat Binh dang gidi nam 1979 cd mdt muc quy dinh: "Khi thanh lap va bd nhiem, bau cuf cac thanh vien cua mot cd quan nha nffdc, uy ban, hoi ddng, ban... c6 til 4 thanh vien trd 16n thi mdi gidi phai cd dai dien vdi ty 16 it nhat la 40%. Dd'i vdi uy ban cd til 2 de'n 3 thanh vien tht phai cd dai dien ca hai gidi trong cac uy ban nay"'^'.
De bao dam cho nhffng quy djnh cua Luat Binh dang gidi difdc thffc thi, Na Uy tao ra thie't che' bao dam kha hiJu hieu, do la Bp Gia dinh va Binh ddng gidi - cd quan du'dc Chinh phu giao cho chffc nang giam sat viec thu'c hien. Ne'u cd quan, ddn vi nao khong dat ty 16 da quy dinh, Bp nay d l nghi Chinh phu khong cho phep thanh lap. Do vay, de'n nay, cd quan cac cap d Na Uy da dat dufdc ty le trung binh 43% nff. Ben canh dd, mot cd quan thanh tra ve binh ddng gidi va cho'ng phan biet ddi xu' trurc thupc B6 Gia dinh va Binh dang gidi ra ddi giiip Chinh phu nhan ddn khie'u nai hoac phat hien nhffng van de dang tdn tai de cung giai quye't.
Hdn nffa, Na Uy con cd he tho'ng cac luat chuy6n nganh va cac luat lien quan khac, vdi cac dieu khoan thong nhat, dong bd cilng hffdng tdi muc tieu bao v6 quyen cho phu nff, Theo nhffng bd luat do, d Na Uy, nam va nff cung nghi hifu d tudi 67. Ne'u d6'n 67 tudi, ai con mud'n lam viec ti6'p deu dffdc chap nhan. Chinh phu khuye'n khich di lam tff 16 tudi, nghi hffu d tudi 74 va lam vi6c cang lau cang td't. Tuy nhien, phu nff vtn cd quyen nghi sdm tff tudi 60 ne'u hp mud'n,
Che'do nghi thai san va cham sdc con cai cung dffdc Luat Binh ddng gidi bao dam rat td't. Khi mang thai, n6'u ngffdi phu nff da di lam it nha't la 6 thang trong vdng 10 thang thai nghen se dffdc nghi che dp va hffdng Iffdng day du vdi so tiln khong qua 6 lan so' tien bao hiem qudc gia cd ban. Khi sinh nd, ngffdi me dffdc nghi 52 tuan hffdng 80%
hoac nghi 42 tuan hffdng 100% Iffdng, Trong thdi gian nay, me phai nghi 3 tuan trffdc khi sinh, bd
Sd4-Thang 3/2020 9
phai nghi 4 tuan theo che dd ngffdi cha. Ngoai ra, bd' va me dffdc nghi tff 10 de'n 20 ngay/nam cham con 6'm (ke ca vdi eon nudi).
Tff nam 1998, Na Uy cdn cd chffdng trinh trd cap tien nha tre cho tre em tff 1 dd'n 2 tudi, Ne'u gia dinh khdng gffi con vao nha tre hoac cac gia dinh gffi con dffdi 30 gid/tuan dffdc trd cap 3.000 NOK/thang (tifdng dffdng 7.500.000 ddng Vi6t Nam).
Nhffng cd che' bao dam mang tinh thffc cha't ciia Nha nu'dc Na Uy dffa ra se tao rat nhieu cd hdi Idn khuye'n khich phu nff tham gia vao ddi sd'ng chinh tri mot each hieu qua nha't,
1.2. Kinh nghiem cua Thuy Dien Thuy Dien la qud'c gia Bac Au tien phong trong viec thiic day binh ddng gidi tren the'gidi, Hdn 100 nam trffdc day, Thuy Dien la mot qud'c gia nong nghiep ngheo vdi nen dan chu bi han che'. Nhifng vdi sy nd Iffc ciia Chinh phu, hp da trai qua mot hanh trinh dai bat dau tff nhffng nam 1970 va dat dffdc nhffng thanh tffu quan trpng nhff ngay hdm nay.
Nam 1979, Quoc hdi ban hanh B6 luSt Binh dang v^ cd hdi cho nam va nff d thi tru'dng lao dpng, "cam phan biet dd'i xff ve gidi tinh d thi trffdng lao ddng va yeu cdu mpi nha tuyen dung, d khd'i nha nffdc va Uf nhan, deu phai tich eye quang ba cac cd hdi binh ddng ve viec tam cho nam va nff". Tff nam 1980, ngifdi con ca cua Qud'c vffdng, ba't ke gidi tinh, se la ngu'di ke' vi dau tidn. Thuy Dien cd nff Bd trffdng dau tien tff nam 1947.
Nam 2008, Qud'c hdi Thuy Dien da thdng qua mot dff luat mdi, dd la Dao luat ve phan biet dd'i xff. Dao luat nay thay the' cho eac dao luat trffdc dd, bao gdm Dao luat ve cac cd hdi binh ddng va 6 Luat cd lien quan khac ve chdng phan biet ddi xff. Dao luat nay nham dau hanh chd'ng lai sff phan biet, ddng thdi thiic day cac quyen va cd hdi binh dang ciia mpi ca nhan; xac dinh nhffng hinh thffc bi coi la phan biet ddi xff, bao gdm sif phan bi6t ddi xff mot each trye tie'p hay gian tie'p. Dao luat cQng xac lap hang loat cac nguy6n tac va chuan mffc, theo dd nghiem cam sff phan bidt ddi xff dffdi tat ca cac hinh thffc, bao gdm dya tren gidi tinh, bao ve viec thu hffdng, tie'p can dd'i vdi cd hdi va cac quyen binh ddng cua phu nff va tre em gai trong ITnh vffc giao due, he thdng dich vu va phuc Idi xa hpi, viec lam, hffdng Iffdng...
Vdi nhffng no Iffc Idn ciia chinh quyen da mang lai nhffng thanh qua dang ghi nhan va mot nffa sd
Thii tifdng ciia nffdc nay da du'dc bd nhv <^^'^^
nff (12/24 ngu-di). Trong nam 2014, ed d '^349 nghi sT nff (chiem ty le 43.6%). De bao dam cho viec thffc thi binh dang gidi, chinh phii Thuy Did'n cdn dffa ra chinh sach "Ngay nghi ciia cha m e "
(Parental Leave), vdi 480 ngay nghi phep dUdc tra Iffdng, tffdng dffdng vdi 16 thang sinh con danh cho ca bd va me. Thuy Dien la qud'c gia tien phong khuye'n khich binh dang gidi ngay tai gia dinh. Di kem vdi ngay nghi la he tho'ng hd trd toan dien tff bao hiem xa hdi de'n trd cS'p cua Chinh phu cho trd em, gia dinh. Vdi mdi tre em dffdi 16 tudi, cha me dffdc nhan 1052 SEK mdi thang. Dich vu nhff nha tre cdng cung ra't phat trien d6 hd trd eac b | c cha me. Sd' tien dffdc nhan trong thdi gian nghi cham eon hoan loan chu cap dffdc cho cac chi tieu. Trong 13 thang (390 ngay), cha va me dffdc hffdng 80%
thu nhap khi di lam, 90 ngay cdn lai d mffc Iffdng ca ban, ke ca nhffng ngffdi that nghiep cung dffdc trd cap trong thdi gian nay.
Them vao do, thdng qua phap luat, Chinh phii cdn xac lap cdehe'giam sat viec thffc thi cac bien phap bao dam binh dang gidi cua Thanh tra Qud'c hdi ve binh dang (Equality Ombudsman), Ben canh nhffng thanh qua dat dffdc, boat ddng binh ddng gidi d Thuy Did'n vSn eon tdn tai mot sdhan che' nha't dmh, nhff khoang each thu nhap theo gidi tinh, hang thang, rapt phu nff Thuy Dien chi cd the nhan khoang 87% so vdi mffc Iffdng ciia dan dng.
1.3. Kinh nghiem cua ViAfng quoc Thdi Lan Hid'n phap Thai Lan xac lap cac quyen binh dang giffa nam va nff va day la mot sff bao dam phap ly cao nha't va quan trpng nhat cho vi6e thuc day binh dang gidi. Tff nhffng nam 90, nhieu chinh sach, chffdng trinh phat trie'n qudc gia ve binh ddng gidi da difde trien khai thyc hien, bao dam cho phu nff du'dc trao quyen thdng qua cac chffdng trinh giao due dao tao va qua trinh hoach dinh chinh sach, dac biet trong viec hoach dinh nhffng chinh sach lien quan den quyen va Idi ich hdp phap cffa phu nff.
Thai Lan chii trpng xay dffng che do ^ f.„ h^j^j, hieu qua cd che' bao dam quyen ciia phu nff ndi chung va quyen chinh tri cua phu nff noi neng bao gdm: Thanh ha Qudc hdi, Uy ban Quyen con ngifdi qud'c gia, Bd Phat trien xa hpi va an ninh con ngffdi. Trong do, vai trd cua Uy ban quyen con ngffdi qud'c gia la h6't sffe quan trong, hieu qua trong viec tham van va hoach dinh cac chinh sach cd lidn quan nham thuc day va bao dam qu. ^^ pj^
10 So 4-Thang 3/2020
LUAT
nff dffdc ghi nhan trong Hien phap, he tho'ng phap luat va cac cdng ffdc qud'c td' ve quyen con ngirdi ma Thai Lan da gia nhap. Uy ban hang nam cung thu ly va giai quyet hang tram vu khie'u kien xam pham quyen eon ngffdi tren cac ITnh vffc. Ben canh do. Thai Lan hidn cd khoang 20 td chffc cua nha nffdc va hang ff-am td chffc phi chinh phii li6n ke't vdi cac cd quan truyen thdng tham gia keu goi cdng ddng tich cffc bao ve quyen ciia phu nff.
Ngoai ra. Thai Lan cdn cd cac td chffc xa hdi dan sff, vdi vai trd quan trpng trong viec van ddng cae chinh sach va phan bidn xa hdi dd'i vdi cac dff an luat, chu'dng trinh hoac ke' hoach hanh dpng trffc tid'p li6n quan de'n viec tdn trpng, bao ve va thuc day quyen phu nff.
2. Bai hpc kinh nghiem dd'i vdi Vi^t Nam Thu: nhat, kinh nghidm dd'i vdi vide xay dyng chinh sach va phap luat ve bao dam quyen chinh tri ciia phu nff.
Thyc tiln cho tha'y, mud'n bao dam quyen chinh tri ciia phu nff, trffdc hd't can npi luat hda cac chuan mffc qud'c te' ve quyen eiia phu nff vao ndi dung eac quy dinh cua phap luat qud'c gia, quan tara de'n vi6c tie'p can quyen con ngffdi ciia phu nff trong qua trinh xay dffng cac chinh sach phap luat trdn ITnh vffc chinh tri. Dac biet chu trpng d6'n viec xay dyng cac chinh sach dac thu de dieu chinh cac quan he phat sinh trong qua trinh bao dam quyen chinh tri ciia phu nff, xay dffng che' tai dii manh de trffng tri nghiem minh cac hanh vi vi pham quyen chinh tri ciia phu nff: Quy dinh dac thii ve tieu chuan, ty 16 phu nff tham chinh; ve quyen binh ddng ciia phu nff trong lao ddng, viec lam; ve binh ddng nhffng ed ffu tidn tudi nghi hifu nhff nam gidi, binh dang trong hdn nhan gia dinh (chia se cdng viec gia dinh, cham sdc eon cai, tham gia ban bac cac va'n de cua gia dinh...).
Thii hai, kinh nghiSm trong thffc thi chinh sach phap luat ve bao dam quyen chinh tri cua phu nff.
Cac qud'c gia deu cd nhieu nd lye trong td chffc thyc hien cd hidu qua cac chinh sach phap luat cd lien quan ddn quyen chinh tri eiia phu nff. Vi vay, hp tranh diiOc tinh trang chinh sach, phap luat treo, han che' d mffc do cao nha't viec tao ra nhffng bao dam mang tinh hinh thffc va khdng cd tinh kha thi.
Phai tao du dieu ki6n de trien khai thffc hien binh dang gidi thffc chat trong ITnh vffc chinh tn. Trong do, dac biet quan trpng la phat trien nen kinh te nham tao dpng lye cho phu nff tham gia vao ddi sd'ng chinh tri. Xac dinh rd vai trd, trach nhiem cua
ca he thdng chinh tri, cac id chffc dan sy va gia dinh trong viec thuc day, tdn trpng va bao dam quyen chinh tri cua phu nff.
Thii ba, kinh nghiem xay dffng cd ch6' giam sat vi6c thffc hi6n quyen chinh trj ciia phu nff.
Cae nffdc deu chii trpng vide xay dffng, hoan thien va van hanh cd hi6u qua cd ch6' giam sat viec thyc hien quyen chinh tn ciia phu nff, bao gdm th6 chd'va thie't ch6'bao dam quyen chinh tn ciia phu nff. Thffc hien td't hoat ddng thanh tra, kiem tra, phat hien dd ngan ngffa, xff ly nghidm cac hanh vi vi pham quyen chinh tri eua phu nff, Tuy6n truyen d6' nang cao nhan thffc xa hdi, dac biet la nhan thffc ciia ngffdi phu nff ve quyen ciia hp, cung nhff trach nhiem ciia xa hoi va ciia ban than ngffdi phu nff.
r/iM" tu, dii la dd'i vdi qud'c gia cd be day kinh nghiem (nhff cac nffdc Bac Au), hay la nu'dc cdn nhieu rao can trong bao dam quyen chinh tn ciia phu nff (nhff Vffdng qudc Thai Lan) deu khdng dinh mot dieu: nhu eau bao dam quyen chinh tri cua phu nff la khdng ed gidi han, cudc da'u tranh ddi trao quyen chinh tri cho phu nff ngay cang phai dd'i mat vdi nhffng thach thffc mdi, nha't la trong xu thd' loan cau hda. Do dd, cac qud'c gia can nd life hdn nffa trong viec hoan thien cae cd ch6' bao dam thu'c cha't cho mot nffa dSn so'ciia nhan loai. Cac qud'c gia, dan tpc va loan the' gidi chi cd the phat triln ben vffng khi tao cd hdi binh dang cho phu nff tid'p cSn cac ngudn Iffc de cd'ng hid'n va hffdng thu.
Nhif vay, viec tham gia ciia phu nff trong ITnh vffc chinh tri la he't sffc can thie't, nham dam bao ti6'ng ndi dai didn, thd hi6n tam tff, nguyen vpng ciia nff gidi, Hdi nhap qudc te' va khu vyc tao nhieu van hpi mdi, nhffng canh tranh ciing gay gat hdn, nen nhffng thach thffc se cang Idn dd'i vdi phu nff.
Trong bd'i canh da't nifde ta ngay cang hdi nhap manh me vdi nen kinh td', khoa hoe, cdng nghe, nff gidi khdng nhffng phai tich eye nang cao kie'n thffc, ky nang, ma cdn phai ren cho minh y chi quyd't tam cao; bdi le, nd'u mdi ngifdi dan ndi chung va phu nff ndi rieng d vi tri xua't phat tha'p hdn, it thdi gian va cd hdi diu tff, hoc tap hdn, nguy cd bi loai khdi mdi trffdng hpi nhap la khdng tranh khoi. Hdi nhap ddi hdi phu nff phiii nang ddng, ban ITnh, tuan thii cac nguydn tac qud'c te'. Trao quyen la quan trpng, nhffng phu nff can chuan bi tam the', nang Iffc de ddn nhan va thffc hien quyen nang chinh tri dffdc trao mot each hieu qua nha't*
S o 4 - T h a n g 3/2020 11
TAI LIEU TRICH DAN:
' " http./Muhocphanianchd edu-vn/dat-nuoc-con-nguoi/phan-lan-daf-nuoc-ma-phu-nu-len-ngoi htmi/bdi "Phan Lan-ddt nUdc ma phu nd len ngot"
'^' hltps://tuoilre.vn/vi-sao-phu-nu-tre-thong-Unh-chinh-truong-phan-laii-20!9I2202I2855857.hnn, "V7 sao phu nd tre thd'ng iTnh chinh trudng Phan Lan" 21/12/20)9 07:50 GMT+7
Nguyen Thi Mai. Na Uy - VifCng quoc cua binh dang gidi, cap nhat ngay 07/06/2019, htlpJ/hoilhpn.org vn/News- Detailasp?Catid=227&NewsId=14014&lang=VN
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO:
/. Chinh phii (2015), Bao cao so 157/BC-CP, ve viec thuc hiin muc tieu quoc gia ve bmh dang gidi.
2. hltp://www.vn.udp.org/content/vietnam/vi/home/mdgovervtew/overview/mdg3/
Ngay nhiin bai: 4/2/2020
Ngay phan bien danh gia va su'a chii'a: 14/2/2020 Ngay chap nh^n dang bai: 24/2/2020
Thdng tin tac gia:
ThS. MAI THI DIEU THUY
Giang vien Trifdng Dai hoc Luat - Dai hpc Hu6'
ENSURING POLITICAL RIGHTS OF WOMEN IN THE WORLD AND LESSONS FOR VIETNAM
• Master. MAI THI DIEU THUY Lecturer, University of Low - Hue University
ABSTRACT:
Since the birth of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, the Communist Party of Vietnam and the Government of Vietnam have always pledged their support for the gender equality in all aspects of social life. This commitment has been proven through the promulgation of specific policies, lava's and practical action programs about the promotion of gender equality. Hovi'ever, the practice of law enforcement still shows that women still have to face with mequalities on rights and obligations, especially on poliitcal rights and obhgations. Therefore, besides the study of ensui ing women's political rights, it is necessary for Vietnam to leam from experiences of countries around the world to come up with effectively and practicable solutions in order to improve the gender equality in political rights and obligations, helping Viemam better implement the Third Millennium Goal "Promoting Gender Equality and Women's Empowerment". This article introduces experiences of some countries in ensuring the political rights of women.
Keywords: Women, political rights, gender equality, gender inequahty, justice, law.
12 So 4 - T h a n g 3/2020
