CHUYEN GIAO CONG N G H E T H O N G QUA H O P T A C Q U O C TE - CON DUOnVG R U T N G A N VA HIEU Q U A
Thieu tirong, TSKH. Nguyen Quang B5c Gidm ddc Vien KH-CN Quan su, Bd Qudc phong
TbI gicri dang trong thdi dai loan ciu boa va hgi nhap. Trao ddi, hgp tac toan dien dien ra trong hiu bit cac llnb x-yc cua ddi sing xa hgi. Khoa hgc cdng nghe ciing khdng nim ngoai tien trinh nay. Chiing ta diu bilt ring chuyin giao cdng nghe thdng qua hgp tac quoc te ddng mgt vai trd tich cyc trong phat triln khoa bgc cdng nghe cua bit ky qudc gia nao tren the gidi; dac biet vcri cac nude dang phat triln. dii vdi Viet Nam chung ta hien nay thi chuyen giao cdng nghe thdng qua hgp tac qule tl ddng mgt vai trd rat quan trgng trong viec thiic day sy phat trien cua dat nude.
Nhan thire dugc xin dl nay, ngax- 29 thang 11 nam 2006, Nha nude ta da ban hanh luat Chuyin giao cdng nghe. Theo luat nay. chuyen giao cdng nghe bao gdm boat dgng chuyen giao cdng nghe tai Viet Nam. ttr Viet Nam ra nude ngoai va boat dgng chuyen giao cdng nghe tir nude ngoai x-ao Viet Nam. Trong khudn khd tham luan nay, toi xin trinh bay mgt sd van de ve chuyen giao cdng nghe thdng qua hgp tac qudc te vao Viet Nam.
Chux-en giao cdng nghe la chuyen giao quyen sd btru hoac quyen sir dung mgt phan hoac loan bd cdng nghe ttr ben cd quyen chuyen giao cdng nghe sang ben nhan cdng nghe. Hoat dgng chuyen giao cdng nghe bao gdm chuyen giao cdng nghe va dich \'y chuyen giao cong nghe.
Chuyen giao cdng nghe ttr nude ngoai vao Viet Nam la viec cac td chirc, ca nhan boat dgng o nude ngoai chuyen giao cdng nghe cho td chiic, ca nhan boat dgng trong lanh thd Viet Nam.
Tir day cd the thay hgp tac qudc te ddng mgt vai trd quan trgng trong boat dgng chuyen giao cdng nghe. Dax- la phuong thirc. la con dudng ngan ggn, song lai day hieu qua trong chuyen giao cdng nghe ttr cac nude phat trien x-ao Viet Nam chung ta.
Trong Quan dgi. boat dgng chuyen giao cdng nghe thdng qua hgp tac quoc tl da dugc tien hanh tir nhieu nam nay. Hoat dgng nay ludn nhan dugc sy chi dao thudng xuyen. lien tyc cua Thu truong Bg Qudc phdng cimg eac co quan chirc nang cua Bg QuIc phdng. Chuyin giao cdng nghe thdng qua hgp tac qudc te da x-a dang gdp phin to Idn trong phat triln khoa bgc cdng nghe quan sy ndi rieng x a trong xay dyng quan ddi each mang, ehinh quy, tinh nhue. ttmg budc bien dai noi chung.
Khoa hgc cdng nghe quan sy la mdt bd phan cua khoa hgc cdng nghe chung, tuy nhien
khoa hgc cdng nghe quan sy ludn cd nhimg linh xyc. nhimg chuyen nganh nghien cim dac thii.
doi hdi nhirng thanh tuu dinh cao ctia dien ttr vien thdng, cdng nghe thdng tin, boa hgc xat lieu nhu: ten lira, ra da, md phdng, vat lieu thdng minh, vv... Cac chuyen nganh nay neu chung ta giir quan dilm tu minh nghien ciiu, tu minh phat trien, khdng ed trao ddi, khdng cd hgp tac qudc te thi chic chin vira mat thai gian, ket qua lai khdng dugc nhu mong mudn.
Theri gian vira qua, Vien Khoa hgc va Cdng nghe quan sy chung tdi va nhieu don vi thugc Bp QuIc phdng da thyc hien mgt sd du an chuyen giao cdng nghe ve nghien cun thiet ke, che tao vii khi, trang thiet bi quan sy thdng qua hgp tac qudc te. Tir thuc te ciia cdc du dn da vd dang dugc triin khai, chiing tdi thdy rdng: "chuyen giao cdng nghe thdng qua hgp tdc qudc te Id eon duang riit ngdn vd hieu qud ". Cd the ly giai nhan dinh tren nhu sau:
Thic nhdt, chuyen giao cdng nghe thdng qua hgp tac qudc te giiip chung ta nhanh chdng cd dugc san pham theo yeu cau dat ra.
Trong nghien ciiu thiet ke, che tao vii khi, chung ta khdng the ngdi nghien cim ttr co sd loan hpc, vat ly, hoa hgc... sau dd nghien ctm tiep cac mdn co sd nhu: ly thuyet mach, ky thuat xung - sl, ky thuat dien ttr, ly thuyet dieu khien, kbi dgng bgc... rdi mdi tim ra nguyen ly boat dgng, trong khi neu hgp tac qudc te, vdi trinh do cua can bg nghien ciiu chiing ta, nhat la ddi vdi can bg dugc dao tao ttr nude ngoai ve tbi cbi can nhin ban ve, so dd khdi, so do nguyen ly... vdi sy hudng dan ciia chuyen gia ban, chiing ta cd the lam chu cdng nghe thiet ke, che tao vii kbi, trang bi.
- Thic hai, chuyen giao cdng nghe thdng qua hgp tac qudc te giup ta dao tao dugc ddi ngii can bp tir khau td chiic san xuat, ehe tao, lap rap, kiem tra, tbir nghiem, nghiem thu den hoan thien san pham dua vao sir dyng mgt each bai ban, dam bao chat lugng san pham. Qua dd, can bp nghien cim ciia chung ta Icrii len nhieu ca ve trinh do khoa hgc ky thuat, ca ve ban llnb. Giup chiing ta hgc dugc nhieu kien thirc thuc tien ciia chuyen gia ban tich liiy qua nhieu nam lam viec rat bo ich cho can bg ta ma nha trudng khdng bao gid truyen dat dugc.
- Thic ba, chuyen giao cdng nghe thdng qua hgp tac qudc te giiip chung ta cd dugc mgt sd qui trinh cdng nghe, trang thiet bi cdng nghe, thiet bi do dac, kiem tra tbir nghiem... hien dai, cd the lam cdng nghe nen cho viec nghien ciiu. thiet ke, che tao mdi cua chung ta trong tuong lai.
Ngoai ra cdn giiip ta cd dugc bg tai lieu thiet ke, tai lieu cdng nghe kem theo tai lieu chuan, djnh mirc vat tu ky thuat...diy dti cua mgt s l san pham giup la tham khao, phat trien trong nhiem vu nghien ciiu, thiet ke, che tao san pham mdi.
- Thic tu, chuyen giao cdng nghe thdng qua hgp tac qudc te giiip ta xay dyng dugc cac giai phap ky thuat, giai quylt nhting dilm cdn dang be tac. Giiip chung ta ty thay dugc nhiing khiem khuyet, yeu kem cua ban than ttr ly luan, ly thuyet den kien thirc thyc lien, dieu hanh td chirc san xuat, nang lyc can bd trong thuc hien nhiem vy.
Tuy nhien, chiing ta ciing phai hieu rang hgp tac qudc te de chuyen giao cdng nghe trong ITnh vyc quan su khdng phai la eon dudng bang phang, de dang. Nd cd nhtrng khd khiin nhiil
dinh khi thyc hien. nhu:
- .\lgt la. mgt s l qui ehl. co ehl. cbinh sach ehua phti hop nen mdt sd dy an chuyen giao cdng nghe khi t l chuc thyc bien cdn nhilu xudng mac. He thdng td chuc quan ly cong nghe d Viet Nam cdn thilu ding bg x-a chua khoa hgc ciing ban che hieu qua va lam cham tien do cac cdng nghe mdi dugc chuyin giao x ao Viet Nam. nhit la doi vdi mdt sd linh vuc nhay cam. phirc tap cd the bi ngay phia co quan quan ly ciia ddi tac cam van.
- Hai la. thdi gian xay dyng dy an chuyen giao cdng nghe thong qua hgp tac qudc te cung nhu thai gian hgp tac nghien cim thudng bi keo dai do nhieu nguyen nhan, dan den nhieu co hgi hcrp tac tit da bi bd Id va dan din cham chuyen sang giai doan san xuat va dua vao trang bi cho quan dgi.
- Ba Id, be thong co sd x-at chat ky thuat nhieu kbi chua dam bao cho trien khai cdng nghe mdi. Trinh do cdng nghe nen cua chung ta cdn d miic rat thap so vdi phia ddi tac cd cdng nghe chuyen giao.
- Bdn Id. trinh do chux-en mdn x-a kien thire nghiep xu cua can bg ta ddi liic chua du tam de tiep thu trgn x-en nhirng bi qux et x-a thdng tin. Ngoai ra. rao can ngdn ngii ciing la yeu td gay trd ngai dang ke tdi bieu qua va tien do cua cac boat dgng chuyen giao cdng nghe. Can bg ky thuat x-an cdn x'eu x-e cac ngoai ngii eo ban nhu tieng Anh. tieng Nga dan den tiep thu kien thirc khdng trgn x-en.
Mdt sd ngux'en nhan chu yeu gay ra nhiing khd khan kbi chuyen giao cdng nghe trong linh vyc quan sy:
Ve khdch quan
- Co che. qui che. cbinh sach...chua dugc dieu chinh kip thdi de phii hgp thyc tien va thao gd khd khan kbi thyc bien cac dy an chuyen giao cdng nghe.
- Hgp tac qudc te trong llnb x-yc quan sy la mgt van de nhay cam. de thay ddi, biin dgng ca ve noi dung lan gia ca trudc cac ap lyc ttr ben ngoai.
Ve chu quan
- Trinh do quan ly mang linh dac thu da nganh. trinh do chux-en mdn cua ta d dilm xuit phat thap khien ta gap nhieu khd khan ttr khau lya chgn dii tac. thuong thao. t l chire nghien ciai.
san xuat tbir x-a chuyen giao.
- Cdng tac chuan bi kien thuc. chuin bi nang lyc cdng nghe cdn so sai. chilm ty le khdng cao X e thai gian x ii kinh phi nen gap khd khan trong viec tilp thu chuyin giao cdng nghe.
- Chua chu trgng dung muc cdng tac dao tao can bg tinh toan thilt k l . nen chua xav dyng dugc dpi ngii thilt kl, do dd rit khd khan trong viec tilp thu chuyin giao cdng nghe.
- Dgi ngu can bg quan ly chua thuc sy dap img dugc yeu cau de ra. Chua cd dugc "nhac trucmg" chi huy, dieu hanh, td chuc phdi hgp giiia cac bg phan trong qua trinh chuyen giao cdng nghe.
- Chua quan tam, chu trgng dung mirc tdi dgi ngii can bd, cdng nhan vien thuc bien cac dy an dac biet.
- Dgi ngii can bg, cdng nhan vien thyc hien nhiem xm cdn nhieu bat cap, chua ding bg.
ngoai ngir ban che. Thieu chuyen gia dau nganh d mgt sd llnb vyc chu yeu. Cdng nhan tay nghe gioi, thg bac cao cdn it.
Tir thyc tien cua cac dy an, nhiem vy chuyen giao cdng nghe thdng qua hgp tac qudc te da va dang dugc trien khai trong Quan dgi, chiing tdi de xuat mgt sd dinh hucing va kien nghi sau:
Thu nhdt, can xac dinh rd rang nhiing llnb vyc va myc tieu KHCN can dat dugc va uu tien dat dugc sdm ddi vdi llnb vyc KHCN quan su ndi rieng va ddi vdi nen kinh te ndi chung de tim kiem doi tac va cd che do, nguyen tac chuyen giao phu hgp.
Thu hai, coi chuyen giao cdng nghe thdng qua hgp tac qudc te la con dudng ngan va hieu qua de tiep can ngudn tri thiic va tien bd cdng nghe duong thdi. Ngoai ra, chuyen giao cdng nghe thong qua hgp tac qudc te, theo chiing tdi, khdng chi gdi ggn trong cac dy an chuyen giao cdng nghe. Mgt phuong thirc khac de chung ta cd the nam bat dugc cdng nghe tien tien cua the gidi la bang con dudng dao tao ngudn nhan lyc. Nhirng ca nhan dugc cir di dao tao, ngoai nhiem vy trpng tam la hgc tap nghien ciiu chuyen mdn theo llnb vyc dugc dao tao, cdn can phai y thirc dugc trach nhiem tim kiem, xay dyng cac mdi quan be hgp tac lau dai vdi cac co sd dao tao.
nghien ciru, img dyng khoa bgc cdng nghe de sau nay ve nude cd the tim ddi tac hgp tac nghien cim va chuyen giao cdng nghe mgt each de dang.
Thu hu. can dau tu co sd vat chat ky thuat phit hgp vdi chien luge phat trien KHCN, phat trien cong nghe nen, chien luge dao tao, huan luyen dgi ngii can bd KHCN. Trong cac dy an dau lu trang thiet bi cdng nghe, can cd phan kinh phi thoa dang cho cdng tac huan luyen can bd.
Thic tu, de nang cao bieu qua chuyen giao cdng nghe, can cd ddi ngii tu van ky thuat, tu van phap ly chuyen nghiep gdm cac chuyen gia cd hieu biet chuyen mdn sau tham gia vao qua trinh danh gia, tham dinh, tu van cho cac ben trong qua trinh trien khai cac dy an, cac nhiem vy hgp tac quoc te.
Thic ndm. bdi canh phat trien KHCN va hgi nhap cua Viet Nam vao thi trudng the gidi ddi hoi CO sy lien thdng, boat dgng chuyen giao cdng nghe se ngay cang phat trien nhu mgt nhu cau tat yeu. Chung ta thay rang, vai trd td chirc cua Bd KHCN la bet sire quan trgng va cd y nghia quyet dinh den cac cbii truang, cbinh sach ciia Nha nude trong llnb xyc hgp tac qudc te de chuyen giao cdng nghe.
Trong nhung nam qua, ben canh cac boat dgng chuyen mdn, Vien da dugc Bg KHCN dau tu cho nhieu de tai, nhiem vy hgp tac qudc te cd ndi dung chuyen giao cdng nghe dat dugc ket
