KHOAHOCVACANGNGHIMO
^NGHIEN c d u AP DUNG THUT NGHIEM SUT DUNG HOA CHAT TRONG DAO LO VA KHAI THAC THAN VUNG QUANG NINH
ThS. DINH VAN CL/dNG, KS. PHAM KHANH MINH KS. PHAN V A N VIET - Wpn Khoa hge Cong nghf Mo KS. TRAN MINH TUAN - Cong ty than Quang Hanh-Vinacomin
•^^ hyc t l san xuit hidn nay tai cdc md than ham r Id vCing Quang Ninh cho thiy dilu kipn Idm
\ vide trong him Id ngdy m$t khd khan va khie nghi$t han md nguydn nhdn chu y l u Id do sy gia tdng theo dO sdu khai thdc cua cdc y l u td nhu: dp lyc md; nhl#t dd; mdc dO chda khf Mdtan tron^ via than, dja tang dat dd md. Ddc bipt, d mdt s l via than khi khai thdc da phdt hidn duyc nhung dau hidu cho thiy than cd tinh chit ehay ngi sinh, tilm In nguy ca xay ra chdy mo cd the ddn d i n thipt hgi v l ngudi vd cdc phuang tipn san xuat. Thyc t l ndy dd ddt ra ydu cdu d p thilt d n nghien cdu dng dyng nhdng tiln -bO khoa hge kJ thudt mdi vdo san xuit nhlm tdng budc eai thidn mdi trudng Idm vide trong him Id, ndng cao mdc d0 an todn vd bao vd sdc khde cho ngudi lao d$ng.
Cf ede nude tien tiln trdn t h i gidi, nhd sy phdt triln eua khoa hpc vd cdng nghd ngudi ta cd t h i duy tri dup'c mdi trudng Idm vide tot vdi mdc dO an todn lao d|ng rat cao trong cdc him md, cdng trinh ngim nim sdu dudi mdt dit.
Kinh nghidm thyc t l d cdc nudc da eh! ra ring, bdn cgnh vide trang bj nhung mdy mdc hipn dgi cho vide ca gidi hda cdc khdu san xuit chinh, cdc khdu cdng nghp khde nhu thdng gid an todn, phdng chong chdy md, ching giu vd bao vp edc du'dng Id chuan bj,... cQng dup'c nghidn cdu ky ludng vdi nhdng giai phdp khoa hpc ky thudt tidn tiln nhit. MOt trong nhdng giai phdp ky thudt dp dyng phi biln vd r i t hidu qua hidn nay dd chinh Id si> dyng cdc logi vdt li$u ting hg-p nhan tgo hay cdn gpi Id hda chit trong khai thdc md him Id cho mOt s l myc dich nhu: (1) - Ldm tudng cdch ly nhdn tgo ngdn ngda rd gid, khi va phdng ching chdy md thay t h i nhdng vdt lidu truyln thing (gS, alt sdt, cdt, ggnh, vda....); (2) - Gia cudng khli dd, than khi ddo Id qua khu vye dja ting y l u , qua phay; (3) - Ldm trg bao vd nhdn tgo cho cde dudng Id dpc via thay t h i tn^ than; (4) - Bjt kin cdc khe
ndt, l l ring xung quanh cdc cdng trinh ham Id, gia cudng vj tri rdng ndc. Id guang trong Id chp.
Tren ca sd kinh nghipm tai ede nudc trdn t h i gidi vd xuit phdt td nhu eau thye t l san xuit trong nudc, nhdng nam gan ddy Vipn KHCN Md dd thyc hipn mpt so edng trinh nghien edu v l v i n d l su dgng hda chdt trong khai thdc than ham Id vd phii hp'p vdl cdc chuyen gia nudc ngodi, cae dan vj sSn xuat him Id trong nudc.triln khai thu nghidm k i t qua nghien edu vdo thyc t l san xuat. Bdi viit ndy ting hpp nhdng kit qua nghidn cdu vd ddnh gid hidu qua mang Igi cua cdc gial phdp thu nghi$m dli vdi san xuat, qua dd d l xuit hudng nghidn cdu hodn thipn vd triln khai nhdn rdng dp dyng cho cdc dan vj md him Id khde vCing Quang Ninh.
1. T i n g hp'p kinh nghidm su* dyng hoa c h i t trong khai thae va dao Id tai mpt sd n u ^ tren t h i gidi
Tgi nhdng nudc cd nin cdng nghidp Ithai thdc md tidn tiln trdn t h i gidi nhu Nga, Ddc, Ba Lan, Slovakia, Autralla, M9,... v i n d l su dyng hda chit trong cdng nghidp khai thdc md vd xdy dyng ngim dd dup'c nghien cdu dp dgng thdnh cdng td nhdng ndm 90 cua t h i ky trudc. D i n nay r i t nhilu nudc dang tilp tgc nghien cdu san xuat vd sd dgng cdc logi hda chit trong ngdnh cdng nghipp md, diln hinh nhu mpt s l hdng: Minova; Weber vd Schaum Chemie Bauer GmbH & Co.KG w Essen,...
Cde logi hda chit dup'c san xuit cDng rit da dgng vd phong phu tiiy thudc vdo mge dich sd dgng. Trong dd, nhdng logi hda chit sd dgng phi biln trong ngdnh md hidn nay bao gIm: Wisofoam E; Pianocem B; Durafoam; Isoschaum (Urd Formaldehyd); Poroeem C; Erkadol/Erkadur;
Igloneye PL; Mari KIdy,... Phin Idn edc log! hda chit sd dyng trong cdng nghidp md dup'c san xuit ra d dgng b$t hode dung djch Idng ndn rit thudn lpi cho khdu vgn chuyin. Khi su dgng se pha tr|n mdt
CftNGNGHl|PMds(f4-2014
KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHE MO so thdnh phan hda chit vdi nhau hoae pha trong
dung mdi la nudc blng to hp'p bam chuyen dgng d l tao thanh san phim dang keo hoac dgng bpt cd t h i bam, phun d i dang vao vi tri d n thi cdng.
Hdn hpp keo (bgt) hda chit cd nhilu tinh nang uu vipt han hdn so vdi nhdng vdt lipu ty nhien nhu: khdng ddc hai doi vdi con ngudi; ehlng chay nd tdt; co tinh truang nd mgnh, dd dang xdm nhdp va ldp ddy cac k§ ndt. Id hing trong ddt da; cd kha nang ddng cdng nhanh va bam dinh t i t tao lien k i t ma sdt gida edc Idp da hoac than; keo (bpt) hda chdt d trgng thai ddng cdng cd dp bin vung cao, ed tinh cdch nhiet, chdng nudc va khi thdm thdu qua rit tdt. Vdi nhdng tinh nang nay eho phep sd dgng cdc logi hda chdt d l thyc hien nhilu mge dich khde nhau trong khai thdc md him Id va xdy dyng ngdm.
Theo kinh nghiem tgi cdc nude phdt trien trdn t h i gidi, trong qua trinh khai thdc vd ddo Id, ngudi ta su dgng hda chit trong mOt sd cdng doan san xuit nhu sau: xdy dyng cac tudng chan gid hodn toan hogc tudng chdn cd cua so dilu chlnh gid tren cac dudng Id; phun phu tao Idp mdng each ly nhdn tgo tren bien dudng Id; bam phun vdo lulng pha hda Id ehg l i p kin eac khe hd trong dit dd ph^
hda d l each ly viing pha hda; bam ep gia cudng khu vyc ngd ba gida cdc dudng Id; bam dp gia cudng vi tri vd nhau ndt ne hoac vj tri ring ndc la guang Id chp'; gia eudng khli da trude guang trong qud trinh dao Id chudn bj; lam trg bao v$.
nhdn tgo dudng Id dgc via thay t h i trg than,... Trdn hinh H.I minh hpa mdt sd trudng hp'p sd dgng hda chdt trong khai thdc than hdm Id da dug'c dp dyng phi biln d cdc nudc tien tiln tren t h i gidi.
H.I. Mgt s6 Ong dung cua sin pham keo (bot) hda chit trong khai thic than him Id du<?c ip dung phd bien a cic riuoc tren the gial: a - Tuang each ly bing hoa chit tren duang Id; b - Phun phu l&p cich ly nhan fgo bing hda chat tren thanh Id; c - Phun hda chit ve phia luong pha hda cich ly Id chg v6l khu vi/c da khai thic; d - Bam ep hda chit gia cuang va cich ly khu vi/c nga ba duang Id; e - Bam ip hda chit gia c6 vi tri vo nhau nOi ne ndc Id chq; f- Bam hda chit lip day vj tri t{it ndc la guang Id chiy;
•? - Sd dijng hda chat gia cuang khdi da khi dio Id chuin bj; /J - Sd dung hda chat lam tru bao v$ du<mg 16.
Qua trinh sd dyng cdc san phdm hda ehdt trong cae logi hda chat ed the sd dgng da dgng, linh
;ipt s l edng dogn san xuit than h i m Id cho thiy hogt, ddp dng dup'c nhilu mge dich khde nhau C O N G N G H I E P M 6 S O ' 4 - 2 0 1 4
KHOAHpCVACfiHGNGHiMO trong khai thdc vd ddo Id chuin bj. Uu diem nli bdt cua cdc giai phdp ndy Id: thi cdng dan gian, nhanh chdng; kha ndng ea gidi hda cao ndn tilt kipm thdi gian vd nhdn lyc thi cdng; tilt kipm dii phi vdt tir;
vdt lidu nhdn tgo hinh thanh td dung djch keo (bpt) hda chit cd kha ndng gia cudng khli dd, cdch ly khdng khi vd nudc, cdch nhidt ching chay tot han nhilu so vdi nhdng logi vdt lipu truyln thing (gl, dit sdt, cdt, ggch, vua,...) dang sd dyng tgi cdc md than him Id trong nudc.
2. Nghien cdu dd xudt m$t sd giai phap sd- dyng hda chdt trong dao Id va khai thae tai cac mdthan hdm Id trong nu'dc
Trdn ca sd kinh nghidm sd dgng hda chit tgi cac nudc tren t h i gidi va nhu d u cua nganh san xuit ttian trong nudc hipn nay, Vipn KHCN Mo da nghidn cdu vd d l xuit dp dgng thu nghidm mgt sd giai phdp su dgng hda chit phii hpp vdi hien trgng san xuit cua cdc md, cdc gial phdp d l xuit eg thd nhu sau:
^ Giai phdp sd dgng hda chit Idm tudng chin each ly nhdn tgo ngan ngda rd gid, khi md nhlm ndng cao hidu qua thdng gid vd phdng ehlng chdy mo. Dk ngdn ngda phdng ehlng chdy md khi khai thdc via than cd tinh ty chdy va ndng eao hipu qua cdng tdc thdng gid md, Vi$n KHCN Md d l xuit sd dgng bpt khodng chlt-xi mdng Procem C hode bpt hda chit Isoschaum thay t h i cdc logi vdt lipu tauyln t h ^ (cdt, g l , dit set, ggch, vda,...) khi thi cdng cdc logl^tudng d i i n cdch ly phyc vg qud trinh san xuit ci)l;md. Vj tri cd t h i dp dgng giai phdp ndy Id: cdc tudng chdn gid hodn todn; tudng chin cd cua s l dilu tilt gid; tudng cdch ly trdn bien cde dudng Id;
tudng cdch ly lulng phd hda Id chp. Ngodi ra cQng cd the sd dgng bpt hda chit ndy d l bjt trdm cdc vj tri vd nhau, ndt ne tren bidn cdc dudng chuin bj ddo trong Id than, nga ba ddo trong than,... nhlm ngdn ngda chdy npi sinh vd ndng cao hipu qua thdng gid cho md.
Giai phdp ndy cd uu Qiim vipc thi cdng dan gian, thdi gian thi cdng nhanh, chi phi nhdn cdng giam do vipc thi cdng dup'c ea gidi hda vd khdng cin vdn chuyin khli lup'ng Idn vdt tu phgc vg xdy tudnq chin. D$c bidt, cdc logi tudng chin nhdn tgo bdng hda chit cd dd bin vd kha ndng each ly tit han rit nhilu so vdi nhung logi tudng chin khde, ddm bdo ngdn chdn, khic phgc duye sy c l chdy md khi khai thdc via than cd tinh ty chdy.
<* Gidi phdp sd dgng hda chit gia cudng khli dd khi thi cdng edc dudng Id ehuln bj qua khu vyc dja ting y l u hode qua phay phd kiln tgo dja chit.
Trong thyc t l sdn xuit hi$n nay thudng gdp sy c l guang Id ehuln bj ddo qua khu vyc dja ting ylu
ho$c phay phd dja chit bj tyt ndc, Id guang khiln qud ti'inh thj cdng ggp nhilu khd khdn. Nhlm khic phgc van de ndy, Vipn KHCN Md d l xuit giai phdp sd dgng hdn hprp hda ehdt Erkadol-K/Erkadur (Ddc) k i t hgp vdi to hp'p bam JWPD 1:1 d l gia cudng vj tri xung y l u trudc khi tiln hdnh thi cdng dudng Id. Giai phdp ndy dup'c thyc hi|n blng cdch tiln hdnh khoan cdc Id khoan trudc guang theo hp chilu cu the, sau dd bam hdn hgp hda chit Efkadol-K/Eritadur d dgng dung djch tdng cd dp suit cao vao khli dd qua cde lo khoan. Sau mpt thai gian nhat (^nh, hda chit se ddng edng vd g i n k i t khli da se cho phep tiln guang Id chpr qua dam bao an todn, thuan Ip'i.
*> Giai phdp su dgng hda chat Idm dai trg bao vd nhdn tao dudng Id dpc via thay t h i fav than. Ban chit cua giai phdp nay Id ti-ong qud b'lnh khai thdc Id chp cdt dai theo phuang thay vi d l Igi trg than bao v§ Id dpc via van tai se tiln hdnh khiu hit chilu cao ting (hogc phdn tang) Id ehgr vd Idm khung d p pha k i t hp'p xIp cui Ip^n g l tgo khoang b,am hda chat hinh thdnh'dai t^i bao vd dudng Id.
Vidn KHCN Md d l xuit thd nghipm logi hda chit Procem C (Ba Lan) d l Idm dai tii^ bao vd nhdn tgo.
Tuy nhidn phg thupc vdo dp kien c l ydu d u cua trg bao vp nhdn tgo, d n lya chpn t^ Id pha trdn gida thdnh phin bpt hda ehit vd nudc sao cho phCi hpp. Uu dilm cOa giai phdp ndy Id tdn thu t i i da tdi nguydn, thich hp'p khai thdc via than cd tfnh ty chdy, trg bao v$ nhan tgo blng hda chit cd khd ndng edeh ly ngdn ngda rit t i t hi$n tup'ng thim thig nudc, khi dpe td khu vyc dd khai thdc vdo dudng Id.
*:* Giai phdp su dgng hda chit gia eudng vj tri ring ndc, Id guang khi khai thdc Id chp. Giai phdp ndy dup'c d l xuit nhlm khIe phgc sy c l rong ndc, Id guang thudng xay ra trong qud trinh khai thdc Id chy. Cdc logi hda chit su dgng ed the Id bpt khodng chlt-xi mdng Procem C; bpt hda chit Isoschaum hode loai hda chit khde cd ddc tinh k9 thudt tuang duang. So vdi giai phdp xu \^ tivdc ddy d cdc mo Id xIp ehdn cui lyn g l kich ndc, giai phdp bam hda chit cd uu dilm an todn han rit nhilu do cdng nhdn khdng phai ddng tryc tilp dudi khu vyc tgt Id d l xu ly, thdi gian xu ly nhanh, dan gian, khdng t i n nhilu nhdn cdng, vide gia cudng ndc Id blng hda chit dam bao mdc d | I n djnh guang Id tit han nhilu so vdi giai phdp xIp cui Ipn g5 thu cdng.
3. Kdt qua triln khai ap dgng t h d nghl$m m$t sd giai phdp s d dgng hda chdt khi ddo 16 vd khai thao d cdc mo than hdm 16 trong nydc
Vdi nhdng kit qua nghidn cdu, d l xuit gidi C0NGNGHltPMisd4-2014
KHOA HOC VAcfiNG NGHE MO phdp su dyng hda chit trong ddo Id vd khai thdc d
cac md than him Id trong nudc, tu nam 2011 Vidn KHCN Md da phoi hyp vdi eae chuyen gia Ba Lan va mpt so dan vj md h i m Id triln khai thd nghipm cac kit qua nghien cdu vao thyc t l san xuit. Cd t h i dilm lai nhdng kit qua triln khai thu nghipm giai phdp nghien cdu trong thyc t l nhu sau:
• Giai phap su dgng hda chit lam tudng chin cdch ly nhdn tao phdng ehlng chdy md, ngan ngda rd gid, khi md ndng cao hipu qua thdng gid
Nam 2011, Vien KHCN Md da phoi hpp vdi Cdng ty Than Hdng Thdi triln khai dp dung thd nghipm xdy mdt s l logi tudng cdch ly blng bpt hda chdt Procem C (Ba Lan) d l phdng chdng chay md tgi Id chp' via 24 khu Trang Khe. Bpt hda chdt Procem C la logi khoang chdt - xi mang dugc tgo thanh blng each pha trpn bdt khd vdi nudc qua td hpp bam MONO TF d l bam tryc tilp vao vi tri xay tudng each ly. Khi ddng cdng lgi, bpt Procem C trd thanh vgt lieu vdi dd dgm dgc dang khoang vat
xdp, cd dp Id rdng Idn vd dp b i n ddng k l . D l triln khai cdng tae thu nghipm vdo thyc tl, cde ben da phii hgp md Idp huln luypn hudng ddn Iy thuyit cho cdng nhan va cac cdn bd tryc tilp tham gia ti-ien khai cdng nghd- Sau giai dogn huln luypn ly thuyit, cdng tdc xdy dyng tudng cdch ly blng hda ehdt trong thyc t l san xuit tgi Cdng ty Than Hdng Thdi dup'c triln khai tgi cdc vj tri trong Id bao gdm: (1) - Tudng chdn gid eo dmh tgi chan Id thuang thdng gid mdc +30/+! 15; (2)- Tudng cdch ly tgi id dpc via v|n tai mdc +30; (3) - Trg bao vp Id dpc via van tai mdc +30. Qua trinh triin khai thyc t l cho thiy, vipe thi cdng eac tudng chdn each ly bang hda chit tiln hanh kha thu^n Ip'i, thdi gian thi cdng nhanh va giam ehi phi nhdn cdng so vdi phuang phdp xay tudng chin thu cdng blng bao cat md dang dp dgng. Tong hpp k i t qua thi edng xdy dyng cdc logi tudng each ly hda chit trong thyc t l Id cha via 24 khu Trang Khd xem Bang 1.
Sang 1. Tong hq/p khoi luang hda chit va vat tu chi phi xay tup'ng each ly tai Id chq via 24 khu Tring Khe md Hong Thai
T T 1 2 3
Cac Ioai lu'ong chin each iy Tudng chin gid c6 dinh tgi chan Id thucng thdnq gid +30/+115 Tudng chin each iy tai id dgc via vgn tai mi>c +30
Tn,! bao v§ Id dpc via vgn tai mi>c +30 bao gom mgt hang cui ion kit hop vdi dai cdch ly blng hon hop hda chit
Tong cdng
Khoi iu'Q'ng vd chi phi vgt tu' ^^M KLTC
01 lu'ong 01 tu'd'ng 18,0 met
Chi phi hda chit S,
m^
6,5 10,1
2,2 D, m 1,0 1,0 1,0
K, t i n 1,3 2,0 7,9 11,2
N, m 2,6 4,0 15,8 22,4
G, m 0,7 1,0 2,5 4,2
VB, m 7,2 11,1 111,3 129,6
Chipfill vSttul khde 1 Tgm tinhi
10 kg , dinh vi \
20 kg '!
ddy thdp:
buOc logt
«2,5mm, Ghi chii: KLTC - Khoi lugng tuang chin (so lugng tudng hoac met); S - Di$n tich thi cong tudng, m^; D - Chieu day tuang, m; K - Khoi lugng hda chit, tan; N - Chi phi nudc, m^; G - Chi phi go, nr; VB - Chi phi vii b^t, rx?.
Sau khi thi cdng xong cae loai tudng chin each ly bdng hda chat, hai ben da phdi hp'p tiln hanh do kilm tra rd gid va liy mau hda chdt d l thi nghiem xac djnh cac tinh chdt ea ly nhlm danh gia hipu qua cua giai phap.
Kit qua do gid tgi vj tri tudng chdn gid c l djnh chan Id thupng thdng gid muc +30/+115 cd luu lupng gid blng 0 m^/s (trudc khi xdy tudng cdch ly Id 3,1 mVs). Tai Id dpc via mdc +30, luu lupng gid do dup'c sau khi xay tudng each ly la 3,97 m/s (trudc khi xay tudng each ly la 3,1 m^/s). Nhu vdy cac logi tudng chdn nay da dap dng tot dupe cac ydu d u ddt ra la each ly va ngan ngua rd gid tren cdc dudng Id, dam bao vipe khai thdc Id chp an
toan khdng xay ra sy cd chay npi sinh.
v l vipc xac djnh cac chi tieu ca ly cua mau hda ehdt lam tudng cdch ly, mau hdn hp'p hda chit tgi tudng cdch ly dupc dua vdo phdng thi nghipm dl xac djnh dp bin nen Id mau khd va da ddng cdng sau 7 ngay. K i t qua thi nghidm cho thiy hda chit sau khi ddng cdng dgt dd bin d n thilt tuang dng vdi tung ty lp pha trdn. Kit qua do dg b i n ndn cua mau t h i hipn trong Bang 2.
Cung trong nam 2011. thye hipn chi dgo cua Tgp doan, Vipn KHCN Md dd phii hp'p vdi Cdng ty Than Khdnh Hda triln khai dp dgng thd nghipm giai phdp tram vua hda chit Poroeem C tgo ldp cdch ly phdng ehlng chdy md trdn thanh Id dpc via CONGNGHl£PM6stf4-2014
KHOA HOC VA C O N G NGHE MO
mdc -87. Kit qua thi edng thyc t l nhu sau: Dpi 1 - thyc hipn cdng tde trdm hda chit ti-dn thanh Id dpc via mdc -87 vdi chilu ddi 13 m, tgi dogn Id cd tilt dipn dao 13,4 m^, khdi lug-ng hda chit sd dung Id 2,5 tin. Dgi 2 - tilp tgc tram vua hda chdt tao Idp cdch ly tren Id dpe via -87 vdi chilu dai 177,5 m tgi dogn Id cd tilt dipn ddo 11 m^, t i c dd thi cdng dgt td 2,1^13,3 m/ng.d, trung binh 8m/ng.d, ting khdi lupng hda chit sd dgng la 24,2 tan. Qua theo ddi, ddnh gid hidu qua cdch ly eho thiy tudng chin cdch ly trdn Id dpc via -87 sau khi thi edng dd dap dng tdt edc yeu elu v l each ly, ngdn ngda rd gid vd phdng chdng chdy dam bao I n djnh san xuat cho md.
Bang 2. Kit qui thi nghiem xic dinh cic chi tieu ca If mau hda chit lam tuang cich ly
dgng thd nghiem giai phap sd dyng hda chit lam tudng each ly nhdn tgo ndng cao hidu qua thdng gid md. Loai hda ehdt dupc lya chpn Id bpt Isoschaum (bgt hai thanh phan Urea-Fomaldehyd) do Cdng ty Schaum Chemie Bauer GmbH &
Co.KG w Essen (CHLB Ode) san xuit. Ddy Id vdt lipu nhdn tao dang bgt, dupc hinh thanh tu hai thanh phdn ca ban la dung djch nhua ting hap BK-u va dung djch nd B trong t l hg'p bam GAPP, vdi ty le pha trdn tuang ung la 4:3 hode 1:1. Khi su dgng bgt Isoschaum dugc bam tryc tilp vdo vj tri d n xdy tudng chin cdch ly. O trgng thai ddng cdng lai, bgt Isoschaum cd dgc tinh lip diy, bjt kin tdt, I n djnh v l k i t d u , chiu dupe nudc va cd dp bin cdch ly len tdi 5 ndm.
Sau khi phdi hpp vdi cac chuyen gia Ba Lan td chdc dao tgo ly thuyit va hudng dan thuc hanh ngodi mat blng eho can bg, cdng nhan tham gia triln khai cdng nghp, Vie'n KHCN Md va Cdng ty than Ha Ldm da td chdc thi cdng lam tudng chdn each ly nhdn tao tgi dudng Id dgc via thdng gid muc -50 via 11 khu III. Ket qua da xdy dyng 1 tudng chin each ly hoan todn tren dudng Id, tgo Idp each ly tren bien dudng Id vdi tong chieu ddi 10 m va bam dp hda chdt gia eudng todn bO vj tri vd nhau, nut ne tren dogn Id. Vipc triln khai xay dyng cac tudng chin cdch ly dien ra rit thuan lgi, thdi gian xay dyng nhanh, ehi phi nhan edng it, dgc bidt vipc thi cdng dan gian han rit nhilu so vdi Td nhung kinh nghipm su dgng hda chit iam phuang phap xdy tudng each ly thu cdng blng go tudng chin cdch Iy tgi Cdng ty than Hong Thai va kit hp'p ddt set trudc day cua md. Ting hgp khoi Cdng ty than Khdnh Hda, nam 2012 Vien KHCN lugng hda chdt va chi phi vat tu xdy dyng tudng Md tilp tgc phii hpp vdi Cdng ty than Hd Ldm dp each ly hda chat tgi md Ha Lam xem Bang 3.
S^ng 3. Ting hgp khdi lugng hda chit va chi phi vat tuxay dung tudng cich ly hda chat t$i md Hi Lim Sd hieu
mau Mau so 1
Mlu sd 2 Tyle pha trdn
1:1 1:1 1:1 2:1 2:1 2:1
S6 lan thi nghidm
1 2 3 Trung binh
1 2 3 Trung binh
Tai trong (kG/cm^) 36,41 32,02 40,35 36,26 25,73 21,60 23,51 23,61
-
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Cdc Chi tieu
Bpt isoschaum Dunq dich nhya BK-u Dung djch nd B Chi phi khi ndn Chi phi nhdn cdnq Chi phi g l idm cdp pha Chi phi vai vat Chi phi iudl thep
Bon vi m''
lit lit m' cong
m' m^lm kg/m
Khoi lupng Tudng each iy hoan toan
tren id dpc via mLFC -50 via 11 khu Ml (S=7,3 m^
day 0,9 m) 6,6 170 125 6,84 3,0 0,24
- -
XO iy cac vi tri vd nhau, ni>t ne tren du'd'ng td
1.0 25 20 0,68
- - -
Tgo idp cdch iy quanh bidn dudng Id (chi phi tinh cho 1 met du'dng id)
0,35
- - - -
6,5 15 Nhlm dinh gid hidu qua cua tudng each ly
nhdn tgo blng hda chit dli vdi edng tdc thdng gid mo, Vi^n KHCN Md va Cdng ty than Hd Lam da tiin hdnh do kilm tra nlng dd cdc chit khi tgi khu
vye thu nghiem trudc va sau khi x§y tydng cdch ly. Kit qua cho thay a thdi diem trude khi xdy tydng chin each ly blng hda chat Isoschaum, ndng dp cac chit khi dc dupc tyong i>ng id 0,1 %
CANG NGHIEP NIO sA 4 - 2 0 1 4
|QJIU_
KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHE MO CH4 vd 0,5 % C02, nhipt dd do duac dao ddng tu30-^31 °C. Sau khi xdy tudng chin each ly blng hda chit Isoschaum, ndng dp khi CH4 la 0 %, nlng dd khi CO2 giam cdn 0,3 %, nhidt dp trong Id dao dpng td 26^27 "C.
Vdi nhung kit qua do dac tren, cd t h i khdng djnh giai phap sd dung hda chat Isoschaum lam tudng ehdn each ly nhan tgo da cd tac dgng cdch ly tdt do vgy ndng eao hieu qua thdng gid, dam bao an toan nhdt la trong trudng hpp khai thae via than cd chda khi Metan hogc via cd tinh ty chdy.
• Gial phap sd dgng hda chit gia eudng khli da trong qua trinh dao chdng Id chudn bj
Sau khi thd nghiem thanh cdng cac logi hda chdt Procem C, Isoschaum lam tudng each ly nhan tgo ngan ngua rd gid va phdng ehlng chay npi sinh tgi md Hdng Thai, Khanh Hda, Ha Ldm, Vipn KHCN Md tilp tgc nghien edu loai hda chdt cd kha nang gia eudng khli da d l phuc vy qua trinh thi cdng dao Id chudn bi va phii hpp vdi Cdng ty than Khe Cham triln khai thd nghiem vao thyc t l san xuit.
Logi hda chit duac lua chpn ap dung thd nghipm la Erkadol-K/Erkadur cua Ba Lan dup'c hinh thdnh tu hai thanh phdn la nhya Erkadol-K va chdt gay ddng cung Erkadur. Cung vdi hdn hpp hda chat Erkadol-K/Erkadur, ddng bd thilt bi bam hda chit dup'c lua chgn la t l hg'p bam JWPD 1:1.
Day Id loai bam kilu piston dupe san xudt tgi Ba Lan, bam dupc d p dpng lye blng thuy lyc, dilu khiln blng tay, cd t h i ty dpng dilu tilt ty lp cdc thdnh phdn hoa chit. Dung djch hda chdt d ddu ra cua may bam d dang Idng cd dp sudt len tdi 15 MPa se duac bam vao vj tri d n gia c l thdng qua cdc Id khoan. Sau mdt thdi gian nhdt dinh, hdn hg'p hda chit ddng edng lai se cd tae dung gin kit, gia cudng tang do bin cho khli da.
Qud trinh triln khai dp dyng thu nghiem d Cdng ty than Khe Cham cung bao gom giai doan dao tao, hudng dan edng nghe khoan, bam hda chit cho cdc cdn bg, cdng nhan tryc tilp tham gia thuc hipn va giai dogn triln khai thi cdng thuc t l . Kit qua, nam 2013 hai ben da phoi hgp thi edng thu nghipm tgi hai vj tri gdm:
• Guang id thup'ng thdng gid, true vgt lieu muc -300/-260 khu vye san ga md Khe Cham III;
• Khu vyc nga tu giua cdc dudng Id: dpc via vgn tai 14.5-3, thugng van chuyin vat lipu 14-2 muc -90/+35 va Id nil van chuyin vat lipu muc -90 td via 14.2 sang via 14 5 khu Cdng trudng 3 - md Khe Cham I Tdng hgp kit qua thuc hipn cdng tac bam hda chdt gia cudng khdi dd khi dao Id ehuln b! tgi md Khe Chdm xem Bang 4.
CONG NGHIEP MO sti 4 - 2 0 1 4
H.2. MOt s6 hinh inh ve kit qui trien khai ip dung thu nghi$m xiy tudng cich ly nhan fgo bang hda chit trong thu^ ti sin xuit: a - Tudng cich ly nhin tao bing hda chit Poroeem Cdmd Hing Thii; b - Tudng cich ly nhan fgo bing hda chit Poroeem C tren thanh Id dgc via -87 md than Khinh Hda; c - Cac lo^i tudng cich ly nhin ?go bing hda chit bing hda chit Isoschaum tren dgc via thdng gid mOc -50 via 11 khu III md Hi Lim.
KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHE MO _ ^ ^
Sang 4. Tong hgp ket qui tbuc hien cong tac txrni hda chit de gia cudng khoi da tai Cdng ty than Khe Cham TT
1
2
Vi tri thi cdnq Ld thupng thdng gid - tryc v^t lipu myc -300/-260 mo Khe Cham III
Nga ty giOa cdc dyo'ng id: dpc via van tai 14.5-3, thuong van chuyin vat lieu 14-2 myc -90/+35 va Id nli van chuyin vat lieu mu'c -90 ty via 14.2 sang via 14.5 khu Cdng trydng 3 - md Khe Cham 1
Tong eong
N 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 6 6 7 8 9 12
L, m 2,5 2.5 2,5 3,0 3,0 3,0 3,0 3,0 3,0 3,0 3,0 3,0 34,5
Tk, phut 2 4 8 8 8 2,5
3 3 4 4 3 3 52,5
TB, phut 20 20 5 2 4 11
8 5 5 6 0 0 86
LTH, kg 120 120 40 24 30 100
90 84 60 90 0 0 758 Ghi chO: N - S6 hl$u Id khoan; L - Chiiu dai Id khoan,
phOt; LTH - Lugng hoa chit tieu hao cho mot Id, kg.
Sau khi bam hda chit gia cudng vl tri guang Id mdt khoang thai gian nhdt dinh du dam bao cho hda chit dd ddng cdng hit trong cac Idp ddt da (thdi gian td 8 ^ 16 h), Cdng ty than Khe Cham da t l chdc dao ehlng thudng ky tiln dd mdi nhdm ddnh gia hidu qua cua giai phdp gia cudng hda chit. Kit qua theo ddi danh gia trong qua trinh thi cdng thyc t l cho thay: tai guang Id thugng sau khi hda chit dugc bam dp vao khdi da va ddng cung Igi dd lam tdng dg bin cua khoi da, qua trinh can ndc d l di tiln dg khdng cdn hipn tug'ng tut Id nhu trude khi bam hda chit, viec len xa vi chdng tren cdc dam bdng thep ray diln ra thuan tien, dam bao an todn, guang Id dao vugt qua khu vyc xung yeu cd chieu dai 2,5 m khd thudn Igi. Tgi vi tri khu vuc ngd tu khu Cdng trudng 3 - mo Khe Cham I, sau khi kit thuc cdng tac bam hda chdt gia cudng, cdng tdc thi cdng chdng xen nga tu diln ra rdt thudnlpi vdan toan.
Nhin Chung qua trinh triln khai thu nghiem cac giai phap trong thyc t l cho thdy da mang lai hieu qua nhat djnh dli vdi san xudt cua cac md nhu ndng eao mdc dp an toan. cai thien dipu kien lao ddng, ddc bidt Id gdp phan xd ly khde phuc thanh cdng nhung sy c i g d p trong thyc t l san xuat. Tuy nhidn, ben cpnh nhdng kit qua dat dugc cdn gap mOt so khd khdn, dd la hien nay cac logi hda chdt diu phai nhdp tu nudc ngoai, ehua tu san xudt trong nudc din din gia thanh cao va khd chu ddng nguin cung d p cho cac md do mpt sd loai hda chit cd thdi hgn sd dgng ngdn. Hipn nay, Vipn KHCN Md dang tilp tgc nghien edu hoan thipn giai phdp vd dy kiln thdi gian tdi se triln khai dp dgng nhdn rpng tgi md Khe Cham, Nam Mau vd mpt so dan vj him Id khde vung Ouang Ninh.
m; Tl, - Thdi gian khoan, phut; Tt> - Thdi gian bam, a)
H.3. Mdt so hinh anh vi ket qua then khai ; dung thu nghiem hoa chat gia cudng khoi di khi dao Id d md Khe Cham: a - Vi tri Id khoan bom hda chat tren guang Id; b - Bom ip hoa chat Erkadol-K/Erkadur gia cudng khoi da guang Id.
CONG NGHIEP MO Sd 4 - 2 0 1 4
^ ^
KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHE MO 4. Ket ludnQua trinh triln khai dp dung thd nghiem giat phap sd dung hda chdt trong khai thae va dao Id tai mdt sd dan vi da cho nhung k i t qua kha quan, khdng dinh tinh hieu qua, sy phii hap cua cae giai phap thu nghiem d l i vdi san xudt, gdp phdn mang lgi nhdng Ip'i ich thilt thuc cho hoat ddng san xudt kinh doanh cua cac md nhu: cai thien dllu kien lam viec; nang cao muc dg an toan cho ngudi lao ddng; ddc biet cho phep duy tri san xudt I n dinh, hieu qua trong dilu kien khd khan phdc tap nhu khai thdc via than cd tinh tu chay hoac dao Id qua khu vue dia tdng ylu,. .
Tuy nhien, ddi vdi nganh san xudt than ham Id trong nudc, hien nay gial phap cdng nghe su dung hda chat trong mdt sd cdng doan khai thdc va dao Id chudn bj cdn kha mdi me, chu ylu d giai doan thd nghiem va chua duac ap dung phd biln. Tren ca sd nhij'ng kit qua thd nghiem thyc t l dat dugc, trong thdi gian tdi Vien KHCN Mo tilp tgc phii hgp vdl cac dan vj hdm Id vung Quang Ninh nghien cdu md rgng ung dung cac san phdm hda chit vao
thyc t l san xudt nhlm ndng cao mue dp an todn va hieu qua san xuit cua eac md.d
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Bdo cao tdng k i t d l tai "Nghien cdu dng dgng tudng each ly nhan tao blng hda chit nhlm ndng cao an toan, hieu qua trong khai thae than tai cac md hdm Id viing Quang Ninh", Vipn KHCN Md. 2011.
2. Vat lieu hda chit phue vg cdng tac phdng chdng hilm hga va nang cao an toan trong nganh md. Mikolow-2010.
Ngwdi bien tap: Vo Trgng Himg
Thp naner Introduces some study results D practice the testing a soli
al in driving for the undergroui _jnstructions and the coal exploitation Quang Ninh province.
LnPHOCHieUKHORN...
(Tiep theo trang 27)
dgng thu cdng, giai quylt nhanh chdng cac cdng viec blng each su dung may tinh va ding bd ca sd du lieu mdi va cu Td dd, viec tao ra phan mim lap hd chilu khoan nd min cd kha nang giup hoan thien mgt chu trinh khep kin tu ddng tren may tlnh td tlnh toan cac thdng s l den thilt k l hg chilu trong Autocad !a d n thiet. Phdn mim VOLVN 2.0 da giai quylt dup'c yeu d u tren khi da kit hap chat che giua kiln thdc chuyen nganh, ngdn ngu lap trinh va kha nang lien k i t ngdn ngu lap trinh vdi Autocad, nd dam bao thilt k l hd chieu khoan nd min tu ddng trong Autocad cho dudng Id chuin b| trong khai thae md him Id mdt each nhanh chdng, thugn tien va chinh xac gdp phin tang hieu qua san xuat va giam thilu rui ro trong khai thae md.n
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Otano Noguel J Fragmentacidn de roca con explosives (khoan no min) Nha xudt ban "Felix Varela". La Habana-1998,
2. H.S. Giao, D.T.Thlng, L.V.QuyIn, H T.Chung. Nd hda hge ly thuyet & thyc tien. Nha xuat ban khoa hge va ky thuat Ha Ngi 2010.
3. Steve Teixeira, Xavler Pacheco. Borland Delphi 6 developer's guide, Nhd xuit ban SAMS.
Indiana (USA). 2002
4. Le Van Quydn. Tinh todn cac thdng s l vd ldp hd chilu khoan n l min blng phin mim Blast- Designer 1.0. Tgp chi KHKT Md-Dia ehit, sd 14, 4/2006, tr.33.36.
Ngwdi bien tap: Ho Si Giao
The paper presents the content and applications of the VOLVN 2.0, one software developed by author of Underground Mining Department, Quang Ninh University of Industry for establishing the blasting report in Autocad for gate road in underground mining. The interaction between the software and AutoCAD is a new and important factor helps complete an automatical closed cycle on the computer from introduce parameters to design in Autocad blasting passport, thereby contributing to increased efficiency of production and minimize risks in mining.
CfiNG NGHIEP MO sd 4-2014
