s l 12 (23Q)-2014 NGON N G f & BCn S 6 N G 27
I N G O N N G f HQC VA VIET N G f HOC|
CAC YEU TO TAC DONG DEN XU H U O N G SU^ DUNG NGUYEN DANG TlT G 6 C ANH TRONG BAO TIENG VIET
MOTIVATIONS BEHIND THE TREND OF USING ENGLISH ORIGINAL ORTHOGRAPHY IN A VIETNAMESE MAGAZINE
NGUYEN THUY NGA (TS; Dgi hpc Su pham Ha Npi)
Abstract: This paper analyses the trend towards the orignal ortbography of English loanwords in Hoa boc tro- a magazine for Vietnamese teenagers and discusses the motivations behind this trend. The findings show that there exist quite a few variants of spellings which imply the inconsistency of such adapted forms, and many English loans with orthographic adaptation have switched to their original orthography.
Key words: original orthography, orthographic adaptation, spelling variations, English loanwords.
1. M d dau ddi quen tiiudc trong xa hdi tdi muc ma nhGng Cd the ndi tiong nbung ngdn ngG dang tdn tu nhu hi-l6 (hello), 6-ke (OK) dang dan thay tgi va dugc sd dung ngay nay, khdng cd ngdn the cbo xin chdo va dongy.
Nghien cim nay tim hieu ve sd lugng tu gde Anb dugc su dung d nguyen dang hoac duge phien ehuyen tiong 111 an pham ciia bdo Hoa Hpc Trd tii thdng 10 nam 1991 (sd bdo ddu lien) den thang 12 ndm 2000. Sd lugng ciia moi dgng mugn: nguyen dang (original orthography) hay phien chuyen (orthographic adaptation) dugc tdng ket timg nam vd xuyen sudt nhGng nam dugc ngMen edu nay. Nhiing thay ddi cua each sd dung tii nhu ehuyen tu pMen chuyen sang nguyen dgng dugc theo ddi va gM chii cu the.
2. Cac bien the each phien chuyen cua tir muon goc Anh
Xu hudng chuyen tu phien chuyen bode pMen am sang nguyen dgng bode su dung true tilp tu tieng Anb ngdy cang phat trien mgnh me. N I U nam 1991 cbi cd 3 lugt tur (token) nguyen dang dugc su dung ibi den nam 1994 sd lugng ndy da tang len 134 lugt, ndm 1998 ed 971 lugt, va dgt ki luc nam 1999 vdi 1600 lugt tu. Khdng cM sd lugng tu nguyen dgng tang ma sd lugng td kM mdi dua vao dugc viet d dgng ngG nao dugc hinh thanh vd phat trien ma
khdng can vay mugn tu vyng cua cac ngdn ngG khac. Khi tu vay mugn dugc du nhap vap mdt ngdn ngG, khdng ehl each phat dm md ed each viet cua tir dd eiing cd tiie dugc bien ddi cho phii hgp vdi ngdn ngG ban dia. 6 Viet Nam, theo nhiing tiidng ke gdn day tM cd hon 60%
vdn tu vyng eiia tieng Viet dugc vay mugn tu tilng Han va hon 3000 tu mugn tieng Phap dang dugc sd dung. Nhiing td vay mugn nay diu dugc ban dja hda trong tieng Viet, cd ngMa Id chiing khdng cdn giG cdch viet nguyen dang ciia minh niia, vi du nhu: dc - quy (aecus), a-l6- xd (A I'assaut) mugn cua tieng Phap, bay lam (san) mugn td tieng Han v.v.
Trao luu su dung tieng Anb duoc rd len tu cudi nhiing ndm 80 eua the ki 20, sau khi nbd nude ta thuc hien cbinb sach ddi mdi. Cae trung tdm ngogi ngG mgc len nhu nam, ede Idp hpc tilng Anh ludn d tinh trang qua tdi. Theo kit qud khao sat eua Bd Giao due nam 1993, ed tdi 85% sd ngudi hpc ngoai ngG dang ki hoc tilng Anb. Cdc kenh tiidng tin nhu bao cM, am
nhac, pMm dnh cung da gdp phdn khdng nhd pMen chuyen cung da dan ehuyen sang ldi viet giup eho tieng Anh ngay cdng trd nen phd bien nguyen dang. Mgt tiong nhung vi du dien Mnh d Viet Nam. Su xuat Men cua tilng Anh tix)ng cua viec sd dung nMeu biln till trudc kM qua trinh ndi vd viet tieng Viet da trd nen qua chuyen dan sang nguyen dgng la td album.
28 NGON N G f & DCn SONG So 12 (230)-2014
Tiong 329 lugt tii ciia tu album dugc su dung trong sudt 10 nam tM cd den nam bien the tdn tai la 'an-bom', an-bom, albom, dng bun va an bum. Tu album dugc dua vao nam 1995 vd cimg tdn tgi song song vdi cac bien the tiSn.
Tham eM tiong cimg mdt bai viet cd den hai biln thi ciing dugc su dung (vi du 1 va 2) hodc moi nam lai cd mdt bien the mdi dugc dua vao (vi du 3,4, va 5) nhu cdc vi dy ddn td bdo sau ddy:
(1) KM 'an-bom' tiiu hai gdm 12 bai hat bang tilng Anh xuat Men, Sa-ra Chen da tid tiidnh mgt cd gdi eye kl Men dai vdi mai tdc ngdn edt theo kieu My tre trung (sd 1/I99I)
(2) Nam 1983, an-bom ddu tien bdng tieng Anh eua Sa-ra Chen da duge xuat ban vdi nhan dl "Quyen duoc hat" (The right to sing) (so 1/1991)
(3) De lam 30 gidy tuyen truyen cbo albom mdi nhdt Dangerous, anh da bd ra 50 bieu ddla de di quay kbqj the gidi (sd 44/1993)
(4) Troi^ tuong lai Duran Duran cd ra mdt mdt anbum mdi cbo rieng minh hay khdng?
(sd 111/1996)
(5) Chang ca si nhgc pop dep trai nhat nude Anh ndy, sau 5 ndm im hoi lang tilng vira tuyen bo la anh se phat hanh mdt album mdi mang tua de "Jesus for a cMId" (sd 109/1996)
Cae bien the ciia td gdc Anh khdng cM xudt Men tiing ndm rieng le nhu tii hooligan vdi huligan (sd 66/1994) \kh6 ligdn (sd 133/1996) ma cdn xudt Men tiong cimg mpt nam v^upic nic (sd 88/1995) vkpich nich (sd 92/1995) cua tij picnic. NhGng vi dy khde kha thii vi la tiong eimg mgt sd bao (sd 239/1998) xudt Men tdi hai biln till eua tii World Cup la U6n Cup va
World Cup, hodc ngay trong cimg mot bai viet (sd 11/1992) cua tir style vdi si tin va xi tin.
Viec xudt Men nMlu biln thi tiong cimg mgt bai viet bode d cdc sd bdo khac nhau la kit qua khdng tianh khdi cua viec khdng cd hudng dan chinh thiie each pMen chuyin cac td vay mugn tieng nude ngoai. Dilu nay ddn din tinh tigng 'ti-am hoa dua nd', ai cung cd thi 'tgo ddu In' vdi each pMen am cua rieng minh va ngudi dpc
Id ngudi bdi rdi nhdt vi chdng bilt each ndo la chuan myc dd su dung sau nay.
3. Xu hndng sir dung tiir mirpn nguy£n dang
Trong giai doan I99I - 2000, vdi sd lugng 111 tgp cM Hoa Hpc Trd dugc lya chpn, n ^ 6 n ciiu da tdng hgp dugc 5318 lugt tii cua 830 tfit tieng Anh dugc su dung trong cdc sd cua t ^ cM ndy. Cd tdi 88% edc tii mugn gdc Anh duge viet nguyen dang trong kM cM ed 12% d dang pMdn chuyen. Su phdt trien v l sd lugng tir mugn nguydn dgng theo timg nam dugc tinh todn theo tdn suit ti^en 1000 td tilng Vi?t xu^
Men trong tap cM nhu sau:
Bang 1. Lua chpn each vilt tur mugn tieng Anh tinh theo 1000 Imrt tir
Lu'a chon each liet tu-mirgm tieng Anh runam 1991 den 2U»0
Neu ndm 1991,1992 cM cd 0.074 vd 0.153 lugt tii mugn nguyen dang tieng Anh dugc six dung tren 1000 tu trong t£q) cW tM eon sd nay m tang len mdc 2.203 lugt (ndm 1998), 3.333 (nam 1999) va 2.213 (nam 2000). Nguge Igi vdi sy tang tiirdng eua td mugn nguyen dang, td mugn pMen chuydn chG vilt ludn giG d nhGng miic kha th%) nhu 0.186 (nam 1993), 0.221 (nam 1997) vd 0.174 (ndm 2000). Sy tang nhp ve sd lugng cua tii mugn pMen ehuyen chu vilt d nhGng nam 1996, 1997 la do viec tang dot bien ve sd lugng cua mdt sd tir da cd each vilt Viet hda kha dn dinh nhu dd la (dollar), rd bot (robot), mic (micro), pho to (photo) v.v.
Tuy nMen, tham ehi ca vdi nhihig tii da kha on dinh nhu ke tren tM viec tdn tai song song each viet nguyen gdc vdn tdn tgi. Vi du nhu vdi tii OK, mac du each vilt Viet hda phd bien la 6 ke da xudt Mpn tdi 13 lugt d ndm 1997 tiii each vilt nguyen dang van duge diing va ddn cMem
s l 12 (23Q)-2014 N G O N N G f & DCn S 6 N G 29
uu the vdi sd lugng 18 lugt tu so vdi 1 lugt tu su dung each Viet hda ndm 1999 hay 14 lugt tii nguyen dang va khdng ed tu Viet hda nao ndm 2000. Ddi vdi nhiing tii mugn chua cd each viet Viet hda tuong ddi dn dinh tM xu budng chuyen sang each viet nguyen dgng duge the Mpn kha rd khi theo ddi su lya chpn each vilt ciia eae hi mugn nay trong sudt qua tiinh 10 ndm nhu cdc tu album, solo, video, copy v.v.
Cd the de dang nhdn tbdy rang viee chuyen sang su dung cdeh viet nguyen gde khdng edn la Men tugng cd biet ciia mdt sd tG mugn don le md da tid thanh mdt xu hudng mgnh m6. Ci nhihig Imh vuc dugc gidi tre quan tam yeu tMch nhu dm nhac, the thao, khoa hpc cdng ngh§, sd lugng tii vilt nguyen gde tieng Anh cMem ti I? dp ddo. Trong tong sd 2199 lugt tii lidn quan den IMi vye Am nhge ed tdi 2087 lugt td dugc dung nguyen dgng vd cM ed 112 lugt tu duge viet dudi dang pMen chuyen. Xu hudng lya chgn each dimg nguyen dgng td mugn glc Anh trong linh vye The thao eung cMdm phan Idn vdi 475 lugt dung nguyen dang tiong kM eM cd 42 lugt sd dung each pMen chuydn. Tuong ty, tiong tdng sd lugt tii lidn quan den khoa hpe vd cdng nghe cd tdi 641 lugt tir vilt nguydn dgng va 181 td dimg each pMen chuydn.
Khdng chi d nhGng linh vuc yeu tMch cua gidi Ire da phan tich d tren, d nhGng linh vyc khac dugc d l cap den tiong bdo nhu tai cM'nh, y hpc, su kien xa hdi, ldi sdng v.v. ti I? phdn tram cac tii duge viet nguyen goc eiing d miic cao (bdng 2).
Bdng 2. Lyra chpn each viet tir muign tilng Anh troDg mdt so linh vyc
Li/a chpn cdch viet tii m\r<fn tteng Anh i » — • "~",py„jf^^
;i«- m "w • r »* ^ m^Mm
libJdlhiJllik
I n imx Dii" *^'i l i i i ^ S i ^ b c n Uch Am GlH Xung (MM aih jiSht. ihuDC i t v i Ihiiu M
Qua bdng tren ta cd the tbdy d mdt sd linh vuc tii mugn vilt d dang pMdn chuyen d muc tii^ so vdi tu nguyen dgng. Tuy nMen d m§t sd Imh vyc nhu tai chinh, mdt, xung hd phdn ti:am lugt tii dugc pMen chuyen d miic cao hon so vdi cac Krih vyc khac, mpt sd tu duge pMen ehuyen d cdc liiih vyc nay bao gdm ma-ket-tinh (marketing^, d6 la (dollar), mit-to /mi xta (mister), c6t-t6ng (cotton), s6 (show) v.v.
4. Cac y l u to thiic day vif c d£ing ttr mirpvi theo nguyen dang
4.1. Thieu vdn bdn huang ddn phien chuyen tic mugn nude ngoai
Mac du da cd mot sd hudng dan dugc ban hanh ve viec pMen chuyen td nude ngoai nhung lai chu ylu tdp trung vao nhung Imh vyc chuyen sdu nhu van bdn hudng dan guy tSe ehinh td tieng Viet va pMen chuyen tieng nude ngoai trong sach giao khoa cua Bp Giao due nam 1984 hay gidi thipu bdn dy thdo quy dinh each viet, each dpe ten rieng nude ngoai trong vdn bdn qudn Ii nhd nude cua Vien Ngdn ngG ndm 2006. Gan ddy nhat Id quy djnh phien cbuylii dia danh qude te sang tieng Viet cua Bd Tai nguydn va mdi trudng nam 2007.
Nhu da trinh bay d tren, sy titieu vang mpt hudng dan ehinh thue ve each vilt, each pMdn ehuyen, va pMen dm ede tir mugn nude ngoai la nguyen nhan cMnh dan den ket qua tdt yeu eua nMeu bien the cdch viet xuat Men trong tieng Viet. Cd le day la mdt trong nhGng Ii do ddn den xu hudng dimg nguydn dang td mugn de tranh cac trudng hgp nhdm lin hodc khd M I U cd thd xay ra^di ngudi dge.
4.2. Cdi thien chdt lugng gido due Trong thdi Id thude Phap sd lugng ngudi Vi?t dugc hgc hdnh rdt thdp. Theo nhgn xet cua PGS Vuong Toan tiii tir nam 1936 -1938 tinh ca ba mien Bac Trung Nam sd lugng ngudi di hpc chi cMem khoang 2% dan sd. Kit qua cua dan tri tiiap la cac td vay mugn tilng P h ^ eM cd the dugc du nhap theo hudng I^dng am, cd nghia la nghe tilng Phap va vilt theo tieng Viet. Hon nGa, viee tilp can trye tilp vdi tilng Phap qua con dudng sach vd.
30 NGON N G f & D 6 1 SONG So 12 (230)-2014
bdo cM, dien anh la rdt Mim hoi ddi kM cdn dugc xem id xa xi vi vay cdch phien am gdn gidng tii^m eM hoi gidng vdi tir gdc deu dugc chdp nhdn. Cd till Mlu rdng do hgn che ve trinh dp vd tii vilt nguyen dang cua tieng nude ngoai khdng phd biln vdi da sd ngudi Viet liic bdy gid nen cae tii vay mugn thudng duge du nhap theo con dudng phien chuyen va cac bien till eiia vipc pMen ehuyin nay eung tu do xuat Mdn.
Trdi ngugc vdi tilng Phap, tilp xiic ngdn ngG VOT tilng Anb xdy ra d mdt bdi canh hodn toan khac va ddy thudn Igi kM dilu kien gido dye d Viet Nam da cd nhung budc cai tiiien dang kl. Theo tiidng ke cd toi 94% dan sd Viet Nam duge di hpc, 47% tdi tiiilu da hpe hit tilu hpe, sd nam di hpc tinong binh eua ngudi ddn cd nude la 9,5 nam. Tliem vdo do, tilng Anh dang dugc triln khai dua vao dgy td bgc tilu hpc. Tbeo sd lieu khao sat cua Internet world stats ndm 2012, ed din 33.9% dan sd Viet Nam sd dung internet va ngdn ngu dugc sd dung tren internet ehu yeu la tieng Anh.
Rd rdng la ngay edng cd nMeu ngudi Viet tiep can, dpe, viet tieng Anh d nguyen dgng hon Id cM nghe va bat ebudc nhu trudng hgp eiia tieng Phap da trinh bay d tren. Ket qua la viec sd dung td tieng Anh nguyen dang phdt tii§n mdt each tu nMen vi ngudi Vipt, ddc bi?t la gidi tie, tiep xuc vdi cac tir tieng Anh d dgng nguyen ban thdng qua cac bai hpe tilng Anh tren Idp, bdo chi, phim dnh, dm nhgc, bdo mgng. Mac du ddi luc vide sd dung nguyen dgng tu nude ngoai cd the gay khd khdn vdi ngudi dpc vi khdng biet phdi dpe ehiing the ndo nhung viec su dyng each phien ehuyin cd t h i gay khd khan eho ca ngudi bilt va khdng biet tilng nude ngoai do khdng cd hudng dan ve each pMen chuyin da neu d phan tren. Do do, viec su dung nguyen dang hi mugn tieng Anh da tranh duge 'loan' pMen ehuyin vd tgo dilu kien tiiuan Igi cho vi?e truy nguyen dang tu d l d l sd dung sau nay. Dieu nay dugc the Men d sd lugng ngay
cdng tdng cac tii mugn nguyen dgng dugc sir dyng tiong bdo Hoa hpe trd.
5. Tgm ket
Tiep xde ngdn ngu la mot tiong nhihig nguyen nhdn chmh dan din vay mugn tii vyng. Tu mugn gde Anh dd tid thdnh mdt b6 phdn khdng thd tMeu trong vdn td vyng tiSng Viet. Cac td vay mugn nay khdng chi bd sung cae tiiudt ngu ma cdn cac tu thudng dimg, lam phong phii them each dien dgt vd ddp iing dugc nhu cdu giao tiep giGa cae thanh vien tiong xd hpi. Cac tir gdc tilng Anh ed till dupe phidn ehuyin hoac mugn nguyen dang. Xu hudng vilt nguyen dgng dang trd thdnh pho bien.
Td mugn gdc Anh duge su dyng phd bien d nhilu linh vye cua xa hdi. Vi^c muon nguydn dgng dang Id mOt xu hudng cMlm uu till. Tuy nMdn, kha nMeu td mugn dugc Vi^
hda cdch viet vdi nMeu bien the khac nhau va chua cd sy nhdt qudn. De cd sy chuan boa v^
each sy dyng, each viet eae tu mugn gdc Anh, cdn cd nhGng van ban chinh thiic quy dinh ve each vilt, cdch pMen ehuyen cdc tu nude ngoai.
TAI L I E U T H A M KHAO 1. Hargreaves, Eleanore, C Montero, N Chau, M Sibli, and T Thanh (2001), Multigrade teaching in Peru, Sri Lanka and Vietnam: An overview. Intemational Journal of Educational Development 21, no. 6:499-520.
2. Nguyen Vdn Khang (2007), Tic ngogi lai trong tiing Viet, Nxb Giao due. Ha Npi.
3. Nguyen Thuy Nga (2013), English Loonwords in magazine for teenagers, real or fake threat?. Vietnam Social Science 1, no. 152:
78-86.
4. Stats, Internet World. "Asia Internet Use, Population Data and Facebook Statistics."
Internet Word Stats and Population Statistics, 2012.
5. Phgm Vdn Tinh, Tiing Viet hdm nay: Su trong sdng vd van di chudn hda, Ngdn ngG &
Ddi sdng, sd 7,2014.
6. Vuong Toan, Tit gdc Phdp trong tieng Viet, Nxb Khoa hpc Xa hdi. Ha Ndi, 1992.
So 12 (23Q)-2014 NGON N G f & DOfI SONG 29
uu the vdi sd lugng 18 lugt tu so vdi I lugt tu su dung each Viet hda nam 1999 hay 14 lugt tu nguyen dang va khdng cd tu Viet hda ndo ndm 2000. E)di vdi nhung tu mugn chua cd cdch viet Vipt hda tuong ddi dn dinh till xu hudng chuyen sang each viet nguyen dgng dugc thd Wen kha rd kM tiieo ddi sy lua chgn each vilt cda cdc td mugn nay tiong sudt qud trinh 10 ndm nhu cdc td album, solo, video, copy v.v.
Cd the de ddng nhgn tbdy rang viec chuyin sang sd dyng each viet nguyen goc khdng cdn la Men tugng ca biet cua mpt sd tii mugn don le ma dd tid thanh mdt xu hudng mgnh me. CJ nhung linh vye duge gidi tre quan tdm yeu tWeb nhu am nhac, tiie tiiao, khoa hpc edng nghe, so lugng tu viet nguyen gdc tieng Anh cMem ti le dp dao. Trong tdng sd 2199 lugt td lidn quan ddn linh vyc Am nhge ed tdi 2087 lugt td dugc dimg nguyen dang va cM cd 112 lugt td duge viet dudi dgng pMen ehuyen. Xu hudng lya chgn each dimg nguyen dang td mugn goc Anh tiong linh vuc The thao cung cMem phdn Idn vdi 475 lugt dung nguyen dgng trong khi cM cd 42 lugt sd dung cdch pMen
• chuyen. Tuong ty, tixmg tdng sd lugt tu lien quan den khoa hpc va edng nghe cd tdi 641 lugt tu vilt nguyen dang va 181 tii dimg edeb pMen ehuyen.
Khdng eM d nhGng linh vye yeu tWch ciia gidi tre dd phan tieh d tren, d nhGng liiih vuc khae dugc d l cap din tiong bao nhu tai cM'nh, y hpc, sy kien xd hpi, ldi sdng v.v. ti Id phdn tram cae tu duge vilt nguyen gde eiing d mue eao (bdng 2).
Bang 2. Lua chpn cdch viet tir mupn tieng
Lvra chpn each viet tir nwxtfn tieng Anh
1 biihiJlllli
duin Jiih 'iUk IhiMt Lhin i M i ^ h i
Qua bang tren ta cd thd thdy d mdt sd linh vye tii mugn viet d dang pMen chuyen d miic t h ^ so vdi tu nguydn dang. Tuy nMen d mOt so Ehh vuc nhu tdi chinh, mdt, xung hd phdn ti^m lugt tu dugc pMen ehuyen d miic cao hon so vdi cac linh vyc khac, mgt sd td duge pMen ebuyen d eae Imh vye nay bao gdm ma-ket-tinh (marketing), do la (dollar), mit-to /mi xto (mister), cdt-tdng (cotton), sd (show) v.v.
4. Cac ylu to thiic day vi^c dung tir muon theo nguyen dang
4.1. Thieu vdn bdn hudng ddn phien chuyen tit mugn nude ngodi
Mae du da ed mdt sd hudng ddn dugc ban bdnh ve viec pMdn chuydn td nude ngodi nhung Igi chu yeu tap trung vao nhGng Imh vye chuyen sau nhu van ban hudng dan quy tac cbinb td tieng Viet va pMen chuyen tieng nude ngodi trong saeh giao khoa eiia Bg Gido due nam 1984 hay gidi thipu ban dy tiido quy dinh cdch viet, cdch dge ten rieng nude ngoai tiong van ban quan li nhd nude cua Vien Ngdn ngG nam 2006. Gdn day nhat la quy d n h pMdn chuydh dia danh qude te sang tieng Viet eua Bd Tai nguyen vd mdi trudng nam 2007.
Nhu da tiinh bay d tren, su tiiilu vdng mot hudnp ddn chinh thdc ve each viet, caeh phien chuyen, va pMen dm cae td mugn nude ngoai la nguyen nhan cMnh ddn den ket qua tdt yeu ciia nMeu bien thd each viet xudt Men trong tieng Viet. Cd le ddy la mdt trong nhGng li do ddn den xu hudng dimg nguyen dgng tii mugn d l tranh cae trudng hgp nhdm lan hodc khd Meu cd the xay ra*vdi ngudi dge.
4.2. Cdi thi^n chdt lugng gido due Trong thdi Id thugc Phap sd lugng ngudi Vi^t dircrc hgc hanh rdt thdp. Theo nhdn xet ciia PGS Vuong Todn tM tu nam 1936 -1938 tinh ca ba mien Bac Trung Nam sd lugng ngudi di hgc cM cMem kliodng 2% dan sd. Kit qua cua dan tri thap la cac td vay mugn tilng Phap cM cd the dugc du nhap theo budng irfidng am, cd ngMa la nghe tilng Phap vd vilt theo tieng Viet. Hon nGa, viec tilp can trye tilp vdi tilng Phap qua eon dudng sach vd.
30 N G 6 N N G f &Dcn S O N G So 12 (230)-2014
bdo cM, dien anb la rdt Mim hoi ddi kM edn dugc xem Id xa xi vi vdy each phien dm gdn gidng tham cM hoi giong vdi td gde deu dugc ehdp nhan. Cd thi Mdu rdng do bail ehl ve tiinh dp va tii vilt nguyen dang cua tieng nude ngoai khdng phd biln vdi da sd ngudi Viet lue bdy gid nen eae tii vay mugn thudng duge du nhap theo con dudng pMen chuyen vd edc bien till cua viee pMen ehuyin nay eung tii do xudt Men.
Trai ngugc vdi tilng Phdp, tiep xuc ngdn ngG vdi tieng Anh xdy ra d mdt bdi canh hoan toan khac vd ddy thudn Igi kM dilu kien gido dye d Vipt Nam da cd nhGng budc cai tMen dang kl. Tbeo thdng ke cd tdi 94% ddn sd Vidt Nam dugc di hgc, 47% tdi tM6u da hgc hit tilu hpe, sd nam di hpc trung binh eua ngudi dan ed nude la 9,5 nam. Them vao dd, tilng Anh dang dugc trien khai dua vao dgy tu bdc tilu hpe. Theo sd lieu khdo sat eiia Intemet world stats ndm 2012, cd den 33.9% dan sd Vipt Nam su dyng intemet va ngdn ngu duge sd dyng tren intemet chu yeu la tieng Anb.
Rd rang la ngdy cang ed nMeu ngudi Viet tilp cgn, dpc, viet tieng Anh d nguyen dgng hon la ehi nghe vd bdt ehudc nhu tiudng hgp ciia tilng Phap da trinh bay d tren. Ket qud la viec su dung tu tieng Anh nguyen dang phdt tridn mdt each ty nhien vi ngudi Vipt, ddc biet la gidi tre, tiep xiic vdi cdc tu tieng Anh d dgng nguyen ban thdng qua cdc bdi hge tieng Anh tien lap, bao cM, phim dnh, dm nhge, bao mgng. Mae du ddi luc vide sd dyng nguygn dang tu nude ngoai cd the gay khd khdn vdi ngudi dge vi khdng biet phdi dpc chung the nao nhung vide su dung each phien ehuyen ed the gay khd khan cho ca ngudi bilt va khdng biet tieng nude ngodi do khdng ed hudng dan ve each pMen chuyen da neu d phan tien. Do do, vide su dung nguyen dgng tii mugn tilng Anh da tranh duge 'loan' pMen chuyin va tao dieu kien thuan Igi eho vipe tioiy nguyen dgng tii dl dl su dyng sau nay. Dieu nay dugc tiie Men d sd lugng ngay
cdng tdng ede tir mugn nguyen dgng duge su dyng tiong bdo Hoa hgc trd.
5. Tam ket
Tilp xde ngdn ngG la mgt trong nhGng nguyen nhdn ehinh ddn den vay mugn tir vyng. Tu mugn gde Anh da trd thanh mgt bp phdn khdng till tMlu trong vdn tii vung tilng Viet. Cdc tii vay mugn nay khdng chi bd sung cac thuat ngG ma con cae tii thudng dimg, lam phong phu them each dien dgt vd ddp iing dugc nhu cdu giao tidp giiia cac thanh vien tiong xa hdi. Cac td gdc tieng Anh ed the dupe pMen chuyin hoac mugn nguyen dang. Xu hudng viet nguyen dang dang trd thanh pho bien.
Td mugn gde Anb dugc su dung phd bien d nhilu linh vyc cua xa hdi. Vipc mupn nguydn dgng dang la mOt xu budng cMlm uu till. Tuy nMdn, kha nMdu tii mugn dugc Vi|t hda each vilt vdi nMeu bien the khde nhau va ehua cd sy nhdt quan. De cd sy chudn hda v^
each su dyng, caeh viet cdc tu mugn gde Anh, cdn cd nhGng van ban cMnh thue quy dinh ve each viet, each pMen ehuyen eae tit nuoc ngoai.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 1. Hargreaves, Eleanore, C Montero, N Chau, M Sibli, and T Thanh (2001), Multigrade teaching in Peru, Sri Lanka and Vietnam: An overview. Intemational Joumal of Educational Development 21, no. 6 : 499-520.
2. Nguyen Van Khang (2007), Tic ngogi lai trong tieng Viet, Nxb Giao dye. Ha Npi.
3. Nguyen Thuy Nga (2013), English Loanwords in magazine for teenagers, real or fake threat?. Vietnam Social Science 1, no. 152:
78-86.
4. Stats, Intemet World. "Asia Intemet Use, Population Data and Facebook Statistics."
Intemet Word Stats and Population Statistics, 2012.
5. Phgm Vdn Tinh, Tiing Viet hdm nay: Su trong sdng vd vdn di chudn hda, Ngdn ngG &
Ddi sdng, sd 7,2014.
6. Vuong Todn, Tii- goc Phdp trong tiing Viet, Nxb Khoa hpc Xa hdi, Hd Ndi, 1992.
