THUG TRANG REN LUYEN Kl NANG LAM VIEC NHOM
CUA SINH ViiN NAM THIT NHfiT TRiNG DAI HOC HONG OlTG
ThS. NGUYEN THI MINH HIEN*
1. Hoatddng lam viee nhdm dang laxu thechung cua con ngudi: tif hoat ddng nhdm trong hpc tap de'n nhdm nghien cifu khoa hpe, nhdm kinh doanh, nhdm lao ddng. Lam viee theo nhdm la nen tang eho mpi phuPng thiJre quan li (QL) thanh edng. Oe huy ddng dupe tdi da tiem nang eiia nhdm, mdt trong nhirng each thifc QL nhdm la nang cao su gin ket giira eac thanh vien trong nhdm. Dieu nay dac biet quan trpng dd'i vdi cae nhdm sinh vien (SV), bdi y nghTa kep cua nd.Td'chifc UNESCO da neu ra 3 nhdm tiem nang ma nha tnrdng can phai tao ra cho SV sau khi td't nghiep trong the'ki XXI la: cae tiem nang de hpc tap- nghien cu'U, cac kTnang (KN) phattrien ca nhan gin ketvdixahdi, eac KN lam viee nhdm.
Trudng DH Hong Difc la mdt trudng dai hpe da nganh dao tao theo hpe che tin chi. Chinh vi vay, de nang eao chat lupng dao tao thi mdi gid len Idp ciia GV phai la nhifng gid hpc cd hieu qua. Hlnh thifc lam viee nhdm dang dupe cae GV van dung trong mdi tiet day cua minh. Vdi mpt hlnh thifc hpc tap mang tinh tap theva tinh hpp tac cao, mdi SV can phai trang bj etio minh nhirng KN lam viee nhdm can thiet de ed the linh hdi tri thifc mdt each sau sic. Tuy nhien, tren thuc teSV ciia trudng OH Hong Dure, dac biet la SV nam thif nhat, edn lung tung va chua dupe trang bj nhifng KN lam viee nhdm can thiet. Chinh vi vay, viee ren luyen KN lam viee nhdm cho SV nam thif nhat d trudngOH Hong Difc la mdt viee lam rat can thiet vaed y nghTa trong viee nang cao chat lupng day hpc abac hpe nay.
2. Chiing tdi tien hanh khao sat thuc trang ren luyen KN lam viee nhdm eua SV nam thif nhat Tnrdng DH Hong Difc nhim ba muc dich: - Danh gia nhan thifc, thaiddcua giang vien (GV) ve KN lam viee nhdm, mifc dp ma hp su'dung nd trong thuc tiin; - Tim hieu nguyen nhan anh hudng den hieu qua cua viee ren luyen KN lam viee nhdm; - Cac ketqua khao satse la CO sdthue tiin cho viee xay dung quy trinh ren luyen KN lam viee nhdm eho SV.
De thuc hien nhiem vu nay, chiing tdi da sir dung cae phuang phap dugid quan sat hoat ddng eiia GV
va SV, dieu tra bing bang hoi, td'ng ket kinh nghiem giao due. Sd lupng dieu tra eu the: 56 GV; 140 SV.
Xu II phieu dieu tra eho thay ket qua nhu sau:
/) Nhan thiic va thai do ciia GV vi'ban chat cua qua trinh iam viee nhdm
a) Nhan thue cua G V veban chat eua qui trinh lam viee nhdm (kem bang 1).
TT 1 2
3 4
Npi dung cua hoc tap theo nhom Xep cho ngoi cho SV cung ban de SV lam vi§c doc lap
Mpt SV hpc l<ha sau l<hi da di/pc GV hirdng dan co nhiSm vu giup 66 cac SV Ithac.
SV trao doi. thao luan, giup d5 nhau de hoan thanh nhiem vu hoc tap SV lign l<el va phoi hop hoat dpng v6i nhau de thi/c hien nhiem vu hpc tap Chung cua nhom.
SL 0 2
47 7
Tll§
(%)
0 3,6
83,9 12,5
Bang 1 eho thay, GV da ed nhan thtJe tuong dd'i dung ve ban chat ciia qua trinh lam viee nhdm trong hpc tap. Mdtsd'itGV quan niem dPn gian la lam viee nhdm la xep eho SV ngdi canh nhau trong mdt khdng gian, hoac mdt SV kha sau khi da hoan thanh nhiem vu ed trach nhiem giiip dd SV khac it va hau nhu khdng cd.Tuy nhien, da phan GV ehidifng laidquan diem truyen thd'ng: Lam viee nhdm la qua trinh SV trao dd'i, thao luan va giup dd lin nhau de hoan thanh nhiem vu hpe lap. Dieu nay la diing nhung chua du.
Theo quan diem day hpc hien dai thi lam viee nhdm phai tao ra suphu thude tieh cue bude SV ptiai cd su lien ket va phd'i hpp hoat ddng vdi nhau dethuc hien nhiem vu hpe tap chung tren CO sdedsutich cue, chd ddng eua mdi thanh vien. SoGV edquan niem nhu vay edn tuong dd'i It.Thuc trang nay etio thaiy, dedua hinh thifc lam viee nhdm vao day hpe va phat huy he't tac dung eiia nd can nang cao hieu biet cua GV ve ban ehateua qua trinh lam viee nhdm.
b) Nhan thiic ciia G V vetam quan trgng cua viee ren luyen KN lam viee nhdm. Danh gia ve hieu qua ma viee ren luyen KN lam viee nhdm mang lai, cae
* Khoa Tain li • Giao due, Tnring Oai lioc Hong Difc
(kil-2/2014) Tap chi Gido due so 327 27
G V oTn/dng OH Hong Difc cho ring, viee ren luyen KN lam viee nhdm se tao dieu kien dehinh thanh cae pham chat va nang luc sau day eho SV: - Lam tang hieu qua linh hdi kien thifc: 87,54%; - Nang luc eua SV bpc Id va phat trie'n: 72,35%; - Lam tang ddng cP hpe tap eiia mdi ea nhan: 86,23%; - Phat trie'n KN plian tieh, td'ng hpp: 62,12%; - Phat trie'n KN sang tao: 67,58%; -Phattrien KN giao tiep: 89,63%; - Phat trien tinh chu ddng, tutin: 81,27 %; - Phattrie'n tinh than trach nhiem cija ea nhan dd'i vdi tap the'74,43%;
- Hpe each duong diu vdi nhifng khd khan de thue hien nhiem vu chung: 78,36%.
Ngoai ra, mdtsoGV cdn eho ring, ren luyen KN lam viee nhdm se gdp phin nang eao nang luc tu hpe, giup cho SV hieu sau, nhd lau kien thifc. Nhu vay, nhin chung GV deu danh gia eao hieu qua cila viee ren luyen KN lam viee nhdm. Day la dieu kien thuan loi de ren luyen KN lam viee nhdm eho SV hieu qua hon.
c) Thii do cua G V ddi vdi viee ren luyen KN lim wee/7/7o'mc/7oSl/;Do nhan thifc tuong dd'i diing dan vadayduvendidung,ynghTa ciia KN lam viee nhdm trong thuc tiin nen cac GV rat ung hp eho viee ren luyen eac KN nay trong qua trinh thuc tiin day hpc tren Idp eua SV. Cu the: - Rat can thiet: 91 %; - Cin thie't:9%;-itelnthlet:0%;-Khdngcanthiet:0%.Cae so lieu tren eho thay cae G V rat nhiet tinh va lich cue hudng ifng viee trang bj va ren luyen KN lam viee nhdm eho cac em SV nam thif nhat.
2) Banh gia thuc trang KN iam viee nhdm trong hgcUip ciia SV nam thdnhaitTrudngBH HongBdc
Sudung eau hdi 4 trong phieu dieu tra. Cho diem Bang 2.GV danh gia KN lam viee nhom trong hgc tap
cuaSV
STT
1
2
3 4 5 6
7
8
\ ^ MlJc do
KN dien dat, trinh bay mtA vSnd^
KN ling nglie, ti^p nhSnttidng in KN phjn Ii6 ticti Cl/C KN danh gia.
ti; danh gia KN Idm viee ddc lap KN s^ng tao KNIISnkit.
phii hdp cac Jidnh vien trong nhdm KN ra quyet (^nh
1 SL 6
5
9 8 4 6
8
6
%
0,71
8,93
16,07 14.29 7,14 10,71
14,29
10,71 2 SL
9
9
9 7 13
\T
13
8
%
16,07
16,07
16,07 12,5 23,21 12,5
23.21
14,29 3 SL 26
22
23 24 22 29
20
26
%
46,43
39,29
42,7 42,86 39,29 51,79
35,71
46,43 4 SL
8
11
7 9 9 6
8
7
%
14,29
19,64
12,5 16,07 16,07 10,71
14,29
12,5 5 SL
7
9
8 8 8 8
7
9
%
12,5
16,07
14.29 14,29 14,29 14,29
12,5
16,07 X
3,02
3.18
2.93 3,04 3.07 3,05
2.88
3,09 TB
2
1
5 4 3 4
6
2
1,2,3,4,5 la eac mifc dp danh gia eua GV ve SV va SV cung tu danh gia KN hien ed eiia minh (1: The hien kem, 2: The hien mdc TB, 3: The hien mifc kha, 4: The hien td't, 6: The hien rat tdt).
Bang S.SVti/ dinh gia KN lam viee nhom cua ban than
sn
1
2
3 4 5 6 7
8
^ s M O c d d CacKN ^ \ KN dien dat, trinh bay mdt vande KN ling nghe, tep nhan thdng tin KN phin hoi t'ch ci^c KN danh gia, ti/
danh gia KN lam viee ddc ISp KN sang tao KN llSn ket, phoi hdp cac thanh vien trong nhdm KN ra quyet dinh
1 SL 11
13
27 22 10 27j 34
19 1, 4,62
9.23
19,23 15,38 6.92 19,23 24.62
13,85 2 SL 45
45
52 48 45 52 55
48 X 32,31
32,31
36,92 34,62 32,31 36,92 39,23
34,62 3 SL 44
52
40 47 48 41 34
40
%
31.54
36,92
28,46 33.85 34,62 29,23 24,62
30,77 4 SL 21
19
13 13 25 12 10
18
%
15,38
13,85
9,23 9.23 17,69 8.46 6,92
12,85 5 SL
9
11
8 10 12 8 7
12
%
6.15
7,69
6.15 6.92 8.46 6,15 4,62
8,57 X
2,66
2,78
2,46 2,58 2,88 2,45 2,28
2,42 TB
3
2
5 4 1 4 7
6
Ykien dinh gii eua G V. Ket qua dieu tra d bang2 va qua trd chuyen vdi mpt sd'GV day cac khoa deae hpc phan va quan sat bleu hien cila SV trong qua trinh lam viee nhdm trong eac gid hpe cho thay: -Chii yeu SV thehien KN lam viee nhdm dm ife dp kha, tile GV danh gia la han 40% . Ti le danh gia eao nhat d m ife dp kha la 51,79% d KN sang tao va thap nhat la KN lien ket, phd'i hpp cac thanh vien trong nhdm d mifc dp kha la 35,71 % dupe GV danh gia; - SV the hien KN lam viee nhdm dmife ddtdtva rattdt dat dupe d tat ca cac KN nhung chiem ti le khdng cao; - Vin cdn mdt sd'SV cd KN lam viee nhdm dmijfc dp kem.
Thap nhat la KN phan hoi tich cue cd 16,07% GV danh gia, KN to' chifc, phd'i hpp cac thanh vien trong nhdm omifcthehien kem ed 14,29 %GVdanh gia.
Ykien dinh gia cua SV: - Ket qua d bang 3 cho thay, SV tudanh gia eac KN lam viee nhdm trong hpc tap eiia minh d mifc dp khac nhau. VI la SV nam thif nhat nen SV danh gia KN d mue eao nhat vol diem trung binh la 2,88 (chua dat den mifc dp kha) la KN lam viee ddc lap vdi m uc the hien lot va rat tot la 37 S V.
TileSV bleu hien trung binh la 32,31%, kem la 6,92
%. Tiep dd, la KN ling nghe, tiep nhan thdng tin vdi diem tnjngbinhla2,46vatileSV tmng binh Ia32,31%, kem la 9,23%; - KN phan hdi tich cue vdi diem tmng binh la 2,46. Thap nhat la KN td' chifc, phd'i hop cac
28 Tap chi Giao due so 327
(kil 2/2014)
thanh vien trong nhdm vdi diem trung binh la 2,28.
3) Cac nguyin nhan anh hudng din qua trinh lam viee nhdm:Dii\m hieu nguyen nhan anh hudng de'n qua trinh lam viee nhdm, ehiing tdi da sir dung phuang phap dieu tra va phdng van tn/e tiep cac G V.
Ket qua dupe thehien diiangr^.
Bing 4. Cac nguyen nhan anh hudng den qua trinh lam viee nhom cua SV
n
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Nguyen nhan Do cd sd vat chit khdng day du S6 liidng SV trong ldp qua dong NOI dung hoc phan khd co the td chijlc gid thAo luSn nhdm.
Nang iLlc su pham cua GV cdn yeu SV chua cd KN iam viee nhdm Chua cd 1 quy trinh td chdc iam vi6c nhdm hop 11
Khdng diJ thdi gian cho phep cac nguyfin nhan khac
SL 45 50 32 25 51 52 12 5
7116%
80.4 89,3 57,1
44,6 91,1 92,9
21,4 8,9
Chung tdi chia ra hai nhdm nguyen nhan chu yeu: - Nguyen nhan chu quan. So lieu d bang 4 eho thay, nguyen nhan co ban nhat anh hudng den qua trinh lam viee nhdm trong hpe tap ciia SV la do nang luc supham eiia G V edn non yeu chiem 44,6%. Day chinh la mdt su that khach quan ma GV ein nhin vao de khie phue han che. Nguyen nhan ehu quan thif hai thude ve SV. Ti le danh gia eiia GV dd'i vdi nguyen nhan nay la eao nhat chiem 91,1%. Lao ddng tap the ddi hdi SV phai biet each phd'i hpp va lien ket hoat ddng vdi nhau, hay ndi each khac SV phaicdKN lam viee nhdm.Tuy nhien, qua khao sat eho thay KN nay dupe the hien chua td'l SV lung tung khi phan chia eac edng viee eho tifng thanh vien, SV chua cd kha nang dieu phd'i qua trinh lam viee nhdm cd hieu qua. Mdt bd phan khdng nhd SV y lai, thu ddng, khdng tutin nen din de'n qua trinh lam viee nhdm ehi tap trung d mpt so SV kha, gidi; - Nguyen nhan khich quan. Chiem vj tri dau tien trong nguyen nhan khach quan dd la do chua ed mdt quy trinh ren luyen KN lam viee nhdm hop li. Nguyen nhan nay dil'ng dau tien vdi ti le la 92,9%. Day la dieu d l hieu vi sao chat lupng cae gid lam viee nhdm chua eao, SV edn liing tung ve cac KN lam viee nhdm. Tiep den la nguyen nhan la do so lupng SV trong Idp hpc qua ddng, ti le nay chiem 89,3%. Day chinh la han che thudng thay ciia mpt gid thao luan. Thdng thudng, de thao luan hieu qua G V cd the chia thanh cac nhdm nhd tu 6- 8 SV mpt nhdm. Nhung do so lupng SV qua ddng
nen G V phai chia thanh cae nhdm Idn tuf 10-12 em SV tren mdt nhdm. Ben canh dd phdng hpc cung nhd hep nen viee ke ban ghe, xep chd ngoi eho SV thao luan "mat ddi mat" cung la van de ma nhieu G V quan tam va chia se. Tie'p theo la do ndi dung mdn hpe khd cdthe to'chdc gid thao luan. Khdng phai mdn hpe nao, chuong bai nao cung cd the'td' chuc td't gid lam viee nhdm. Cd nhifng mdn hpc ma G V cho ring rat khd dexay dung gid lam viee nhdm hieu qua eho eac em.
Tdm lai, ed rat nhieu nguyen nhan chu quan va khach quan anh hudng true tie'p va gian tie'p de'n hieu qua ciia qua trinh lam viee nhdm trong hpc tap eua SV. Oe khic phue nhirng nguyen nhan nay ddi hdi phai cd nhirng giai phap ddng bdvatoan dien.
3. Ren luyen KN lam viee nhdm eho SV trong hpe tap ddi hdi mdi GV phai cd nhan thifc diing din ve hpc tap theo nhdm, vai trd, y nghTa ciia viee ren luyen KN lam viee nhdm cho SV. Day cac KN lam viee nhdm trd thanh dieu kien tien quye't dd'i vdi hoat ddng ITnh hdi tri thifc. Khi SV biet phd'i hpp hoat ddng vdi ngudi khac mdt each cd hieu qua thi ket qua ITnh hpi tri thifc cua cac em se d\sqc nang len rd ret. Tif dd mdi giao vien phai ed nhifng bien phap eu the, tao mdi trudng hpe tap thuan Ipi cho SV ren luyen KN lam viee nhdm. Va mot dieu quan trpng la mdi GV phai xac djnh day la nhiem vg quan trpng can dat dUPc trong qua trinh day hpc d nha trudng dai hpe. •
(kil-2/2014)
Tai lieu tham khao
1. NguySn Ngoc Bao - Ha Thi Dire. Hoat dong day hpc if truDng trung hgc ca sa. NXB Gido ducH. 2000.
2. Nguyen Sinh Huy - NguySn Van Le. Giao due hoc.
NXB Dai hpe qudc gia, H. 1996.
3. Nguyen Ky. Phuwng phap day hoc tich cue lay hoc sinh lam trung tam. NXB Gido due, H. 1996.
4.1.A. Leccne. Day hoc neu van de. NXB Gido due, H.1987.
SUMMARY
The article surveys the current situation of train- ing of teamwork skill of 1st year students at Hong Due University with an aim to: - Assessing lecturers' awareness and attitude concerning teamwork skill, their level of application in practice: - Flndlngout the causes affecting the efficiency of teamwork skill train- ing: - Surveying results will be the practiced basis for building the procedure for training teamwork skill for students.
