NGHIEN ClJU - TRAO OOI
CACH fflAHG CONG NGHIEP a.O UA UAI TRO CUA INTERNET KET NOI UAN UAT (IOT) TRONG TRIEN UONG ONG DUNG UAO HDAT DONG COA CAC THU UIEH A UIET NAM
TrUdng iWinh Hoa Trudng Chinh sach cdng va Quin ly, Dai hoc Fulbnght Viet Nam (FUV)
Tom tat: Diim lai qua trinh dinh hinh va phat trien cda cac cude each mang cdng nghidp trong lich sd, dac biet cude Cach m$ng Cdng nghidp tin thU TU (CMCN 4.0), dien ra tren thegldi, trong dd nhan manh vai trd quan trong cua Internet kit noi v^n v$t (IoT) trong ITnh vifc thu vi$n. Thong qua do, dua ra mot so triin vong trong vide Ung dung IoT vao hoat ding eiia cae thU vien d Viet Nam.
Ti^khoa: Cach mang cong nghiep; Internet; loT; thavi?n.
Industry 4.0 and the role of Internet of Things (IoT)
Abstract: The article provides overview on the establishment and development of industrial revolutions in the world, especially industrial Revolution 4.0 (Industry 4.0). It then analyzes the important role of Internet of Things (ioT) and the prospect of IoT application in library activities in Vietnam.
Keywords: Industrial Revolution; Internet; IoT; library.
1. Gidi thieu
Trong vai nam trd lai day, thuat ngi? Cach mang Cong nghiep 4.0 {gpi tat la CMCN 4.0) dang tr6 thanh td khoa phd bien trong cac bieu thufc tim tin va la chu de thdi sd cho nhQng th§o luan ca ve chuyen mon lan dai chung, dac biet la tis sau Dien dan Kinh te The gidi (WEF) dUdc to chifc tai Davos-Klosters (Thuy ST) vdi chu de "Cuoc CMCN lan thCf 4". Tim kiem tr^n Google cho thay, thuat ngO nay co tdi hdn 81 trieu k^t qu& doi vdi ti^ng Viet va hdn 144 trieu doi vdi tieng A n h \ dieu nay da chilfng to mijfc do quan tam dang k l cua ngUdi dan khong chi d cac nadc phat trien nhu Hoa
Ky, chau Au va mdt phan chau A ma ngay cli cac nudc dang phat then nhu Vi§t Nam.
Theo Schwab (2015), toe do dot pha ci!ia CMCN 4.0 hidn nay la khdng cd tien le ljch sd, dang tien trien theo mot ham sd mu chd khdng phai tdc do tuyin tfnh; pha vd hau het nganh cong nghiep d moi qudc gia;
va bao trudc su chuyen doi cua toan bg he thong sin xuat, quin iy va quin trj. CMCN 4.0 da, dang va se di§n ra tren ba ITnh viic chinh la: Cong nghe sinh hpc, Ky thuat so va Vat ly. Trong dd, nhOng yeu to c6t loi cua ITnh vUc Ky thu§t so chinh la Internet kit noi van vat (Internet of Things - IoT), Trf tue nhan tao (Antificial Intelligence - Al),
Ket quS tim Irin Googie vao ngay 15/6/2017 khi go cym tLCCN4 0" v 4 0 industry".
T H 6 N G TIN VA TU LIEU - 4/2018 127
NGHIEN CIJIU - TRAO DOI
va DO lieu Idn (Big Data). Khai niem IoT tii khi dUdc Kevin Ashton dUa ra lan dau tien vao nam 1999, gan lien vdi cdng nghe Nhan dang tan so vd tuyen (Radio Frequency Identification- gpi tat la RFID) [Ashton, 2009] da diipc Cfng dung rpng rai trong mpt so ITnh vuc tis skn xuat, giao thdng, logistic, cham sdc sufc khoe,... den ITnh VL/c tha vien. Hien nay, IoT dang md ra nhCing ti^m nang to Idn de Cfng dung vao cac hoat dpng cOa thu vien, no da trd thanh mpt trong nhQng chCi de ua thich doi vdi cgng dong nhQng ngudi lam nghe tha vien [ALA, 2017]. IoT cdn mang lai y nghTa cho nhQng ngudi lam thu vien muon hpc tap cdng nghe mdi nay, dpi den khi cdng nghe dupe chap nhan rpng rai, dUdc ap dung va san sang de then khai tot hon trong cac thu vien [Pujar, 2015, tr. 190], Bai nghien cufu diem lai qua trinh djnh hinh cua cac cupc each mang cdng nghiep trong ljch sQ, dac biet cude CMCN 4.0 da lam thay ddi toan dien xa hpi con ngudi; tap trung phan tich vai trd cua IoT; va trien vpng cua viec Qng dung vao cac hoat ddng cua thu vien Viet Nam.
2. Qua trinh djnh hinh cac cupc Cach mang Cong nghiep trong Ijch suf va khai niem Internet ket noi van vat (Internet of Things - IoT)
2.1. Cac cugc Cach mang Cong nghiep (CMCN)
Ndi den CMCN la ndi den "sQ thay ddi mang tinh dot bien va triet de" ma nd mang lai trong cao ITnh vQc kinh te-xa hpi, van hda va khoa hpc ky thuat. Qua trinh djnh hinh moi cude each mang trong tQng giai doan da phan anh nhQng dac trung can ban trong su thay ddi ve ban chat ctia phJPng thCfc s&n xuat va tu lieu san xuat, tif dd lam
"thay ddi sau sac trong he thong kinh te
va ket cau xa hdi" [Cue TT KH&CN QG, 2017, tr. 2]. NhQng thap nidn dau thi k^ 21, nhan loai dang dQng trade cd hdi cua mot cupc CMCN ma ve ed b^n, quy md, pham vi va sa phCfc tap cua nd se thay ddi each thae Chung ta song, lam viec va lien hd vdi nhau. Su ehuyen ddi dd se khdng giong vdi bat ky sa chuyen ddi nao ma nh§n loai da tQng trai qua [Schwab, 2015].
Cach mang Cdng nghiep ian thd Nhat (CMCN 1.0)
Cupc CMCN 1.0 keo dai tQ cuoi the k^
18 den nifa dau the ky 19 da cham ngoi eho sU bung nd eua nen edng nghiep lan rdng tQ Anh den chSu Au va Hoa Ky, md ra mdt ky nguyen mdi trpng ljch sCf nhan loai - ky nguyen san xuat eP khi. CMCN 1.0 danh dau bang viec sCf dung nUde va nang iQdng hdi nadc dd cd gidi hda shn xuat. Phat minh ra dpng cd may hdi nUdc va sau dd la ddng cd dot trong chay bang than da, xay dang cac tuyen dadng sat d l md rpng giao thadng. D§y la giai doan qua dp tQ nen sSn xuat ndng nghiep sang nen san xuat cd khi dua tren eP sd khoa hpc [Dang Khoa, 2017].
• Cach mang Cdng nghiep lin thii Hai (CMCN 2.0)
Cude CMCN 2.0 d i l n ra tQ nQa sau th^
ky 19 den dau the ky 20 khi cd sU phat trien cua nganh dien, van t^i, hda hpe, s^n xuat thep, va dac bidt la san xuat va tieu dung hang loat, dadc tfch luy qua qua trinh phat tridn 100 nam cua cac lac ladng s^n xuat daa trdn cd sd cua nen sSn xuat dai cP khi va sU phat trien cua KHKT [Cue TT KH&CN QG, 2017, tr. 2]. May phat di$n, den didn va ddng cd dien ra ddi giup con ngUdi chuyen sang nen sdn xuat daa tren sQ ket hpp giQa dien va cd khf de tQ ddng hda sSn xu^t cue bd (ta ddng hda mpt 281 THONG TIN VA Tl/ LIEU - 4/2018
NGHIEN Cijfu - TRAO DOI phan), bi^n khoa hpc thanh mdt nganh lao
ddng dac biet, tao tien de cho sQ ra ddi cua day ehuyen lap rap va skn xuat cdng nghiep hang loat [Cue TT KH&CN QG, 2017, tr.2].
• Cach mang Cdng nghiep lan thd Ba (CMCN 3.0)
Cupc CMCN 3.0 xuat hien tQ nhQng thap nien 60 eCia the k;^ 20, vdi sa ra ddi va lan tda manh me cua cdng nghe thdng tin (CNTT), ket hdp dien tCf va CNTT de ta ddng hda Scin xuat. CMCN 3.0 cdn dapc ggi la CM may tinh hay CM s6, sQ dung cac chat ban dan, sieu may tfnh, may tinh ca nhan va mang Internet [Cue TT KH&CN QG, 2017, tr. 3]. Didm khae biet chinh cua CMCN 3.0 so vdi hai cugc CMCN trade dd la viec sQ dung KH&CN hien dai de thay the chQc nang lao ddng tri dc va ehan tay cCia eon ngadi bang may mdc ta dpng hda trong qua trinh san xuat nhat dinh. Vdi viee phat minh ra nang IUdng hat nhan va nang lupng nhiet hach lam cho iQc IQdng s&n xuat thay ddi theo hai hQdng chCi yeu:
1) Ve chQc nang, vj tri cua con ngudi trong s^n xuat, djch chuyen tQ nen tdng dien- cP khf sang co-dien tQ va cd-vi didn tQ, 2) San xuat daa tren cae nganh cd ham iQpng cdng nghe eao nhQ: cdng nghe nano, cdng nghe vat iieu, cdng nghe sinh hpc, cdng nghe vu tru,... cd tfnh ben vOng va than thien vdi mdi trudng [Cue TT KH&CN QG, 2017, tr. 3].
Cach mang Cdng nghiep lan thd TU (CMCN 4.0)
Cupc CMCN 4.0 djnh hinh vao nhOng nam dSu the ky 2 1 , dUa tren nen tdng va nhOng tien bd cdng nghd eCia CMCN 3.0.
Thuat ngO "cdng nghiep 4.0" (tieng DQc la Industrie 4.0) bat nguon tQ mdt da an Chien lapc Cdng nghe cao (the High-Tech Strategy) cua chfnh phu DQc de khuyen khieh thuc day tin hpe hda san xuat va lan dau dupe sQ dung tai Hdi chd Hannover^.
Theo Schwab (2015), CMCN 4.0 (a mdt thucit ngQ bao gom mpt loat cac cdng nghe tQ ddng hda hien dai, trao ddi dO lieu va che tao. CMCN 4.0 dQdc dmh nghTa la
"mdt cum thuat ngQ cho cac cdng nghd va khai nidm cua td chQc trong chudi gia trj" di cung vdi he thong vat ly trong khdng gian ho, Internet ket noi van vat (ioT) va Internet cija cac dich vu (loS) [Cue TT KH&CN QG, 2017, tr. 6]. CMCN 4.0 se dien ra trong 3 ITnh vuc chfnh la: Cdng nghe sinh hpc, Ky thuat so va Vat ly. Chung dung hdp va tQPng tac vdi nhau lam md di ranh gidi giOa 3 ITnh vQc nay. Ban chat cua CMCN 4.0 la dua tren sa ket hdp giQa nen tang edng nghe thuc (may mdc) vdi cdng nghe ko (mang Internet) de tdi Qu hda quy trinh va phUdng thQc skn xuat trong cac "nha may thdng mmh" hay "nha may so" [Cue TT KH&CN QG, 2017, tr. 6]. Khac biet Idn nhat cua CMCN 4.0 so vdi 3 eudc CMCN trade dd la d: 1) Tdc do (tien trien vdi mgt toe dp theo cap luy thQa, chQ khdng phai la toe dp tuyen tinh), 2) Pham vl va chiiu sau (CMCN 4,0 dUa trdn CMCN 3.0 va k^t hdp nhieu cdng nghe dan den nhQng thay ddi chua cd tien le trong md hinh kinh te, kinh doanh, xa hpi va ea nhan), va 3) Tac ddng hi thdng (CMCN 4.0 bao gdm sa chuyen ddi cua toan bd he thong, tren khap (va giQa) cac quoc gia, cac cdng ty, cae nganh cdng nghiep va toan the xa hpi [Schwab, 2016, tr. 8-9].
H6i chd hang dSu the gidi ve c5ng nghe va cong nghiep, la sif kien Ion nhat va quan ttong nhat ci
cang ty Deutsche Messe AG (CHLB Dilc) unh, duoc to chuc thiJtJng m
THONG TIN VA Tl/ LIEU - 4/2018 129
NGHIEN ClJU - TRAO OOI
LICH Sdr 4 c u d e C A C H M A N G CdKG NGHIEP
'g^JQ^g
•JIJ!|l|l!I.IJ.I.i|.l.i|.l!IIIJI|l|l P H A T T R I I H n i H 3 TRV C ^ CHfHH:
K V THUi^T S6, C O N O H Q H ( H H H H 9 C , V^T i f + TCfTUC N H A N T A O (AO + INTERNET OF THINGS <IOT) + ROBOT 3D. BIG DATA
Internet of Thinas (loTl Hinh 1, Inlernel of Things (IoT) Nguon: Khuang Nha - Duy Tin, 2017 [10].
2.2. Khai niem Internet i<et noi van vat- IoT
Ngay nay, Internet dong mpt vai tro cac ky quan trpng va gan nhi/ khong the thieu trong mpi ITnh vac cua cupc song con ngadi, dac biet la trong boi cSnh cupc CMCN 4.0 dang dien ra trgn khap toan cau. MOc d6 ang dung va pham vi ket noi d^n tat ca cac vat the v6i mang Internet ngay cang sau rOng, giup tiet kiem chi phi va thdi gian trong hau het cac ITnh vac, nha: logistics, bao hiem, cham soc sac khoe, ngSn hang, nong nghiep, khach san,... va trong ca ITnh vac thu vien thong qua cac ang dung tren dien thoai thong minh (smartphpne). Thep Hiep hpi Tha vien Hpa Ky [ALA, 2017], du bap den nam 2025 se co khoang ti^ 25 ty den 50 ty thiet bi khac nhau ket nci vdi Internet, nhu: dien thpai di dpng, dpng h6 thpng minh, may tfnh bang, sach bac, xe hdi, may giat, may lanh, den, giay dep, quan ao,... dadc gan cac thiet bj nhan dang, cac Ccim bien {sensprs), pp th^ giap tiep vdi
nhau thpng qua m^ng Internet d l taong tac vdi con ngudi, va ngudi ta gpi dp la Internet ket npi van vat - Internet pf Things (IoT).
Theo Panetta (2017), tUdng lai cua cac Oing dung tren nen tang IPT that su chi mdi bat dau. Trong 5-10 nam tdi, IoT se cham den dinh cCia ngUSng trlln vpng ang dung nen t4ng nay vap thac te (Hinh 2).
Hien tai, viec dua ra mpt djnh nghTa thpng nhat ve IPT la mpt thach thUc, mpt mat la do sa mdi me cija ITnh vUc nay, mat khac, c6 qua nhieu cap djCh vu va dng dung khac nhau ve IPT ma oac ky su ccng ngh# en the da bap dapc [Hahn, 2017, tr. 5].
Thep Ta dien Cpng nghe md Techppedia (2017): " I P T la mpt khai niem ve may tinh me th y tudng ve cap vat the vat ly hang ngay dUdc ket nci vdi mang Internet va co the nhan dang dapc chinh nc vdi cac thiet bj khac. Thuat ngO nay dupe dong nhat vdi cong nghS RFID nhu mpt each truyen tin, bap gpm cdng nghe cam bien, cpng nghe khdng day va ma QR khac".
301 THONG TIN VA TU LIEU - 4/2018
NGHIEN CL/U - TRAO DOI
•tn Bns M H M K I I . ^ . , „ ,41
'*"'*'°X'S g
««„™o,„W.nl.
1 »».»,«,».
v'%"rH
- « • * " » * » » * • • '
• J l ; — f • a.M..,>~l. •»,»
• \ K"
•irUbTivu £ • - \
• K I ^
-sa*" \
A TNA^I^bT.tf>ki \
° ^ - * / X
N B U ' ^ 9 s a n g t a o
(|s lil>«elilniiilB
Q i n h k y V 9 n g n 6 i t r p i
• * " ' " ' ' ° — . —
- * • • " * • " • "
•tg « pldn iHl iMMi ggNiii
II>«»«.«
V u n g t r u n g k j r v o n g
Thvl gian
X u h v o n g s a n g t ^ o
HBufngdHd^cnv
0 94l~<0oln.
A H«.ll)ni«
Thing Tffl)l7
N g i r a n g n a n g s u i t
Hinh 2. C/JU ky tang trudng cCia cic cong nghi mdi nii, 2017 Nguon: Gartner (05/2018)
https://biogs.gartner.com/smarterwithgartner/flies/2017/08/Emerging-Technology- Hype-Cyele-for-2017_lnfographie_R6A.jpg.
lii dien Oxford (2017) cho rang: "loT la su ket noi cua eae thiet bi may tinh vdi cae vat the hang ngay cho phep ehung gdi va nhan dCf lieu vdi nhau thong qua mang Internet".
Theo trang TechTarget^ (2017): "IoT la mgt h§ th6ng cac thiet bj may tinh tUdng quan vdi nhau, may moc cd khf va ky thuat so, cac vat t h i , dong vat hay con ngudi dUdc cung cap cac nhan dang duy nhat va kha nang truyen dU lieu thdng qua mpt mang lUdi ket noi ma khdng can sU tUdng tac giOa con ngudi - con ngUdi hay eon ngudi - may tinh".
Theo Business Insider: "IoT la mpt mang lUdi cac vat t h i dUdc ket no! vdi
mang Internet cd the thu thap va trao doi dQ lieu bang each gan cac cam bien" [Meola, 2016]. Bach khoa toan thu md Wikipedia (2017) da vi^t: "IoT la sii li§n ket eae thiet bj vat ly, cac phUdng tien (edn duoc gpi la
"thiet bi ket noi" va "thiet bi thdng minh"), cac cdng trinh kien true, va cae vat khac gan vdi dien tCf, ph^n mem, cam bien, thiet bj dieu tiet (actuator), va ket noi mang eho phep cac vat the nay thu thSp va trao doi dO lieu".
Cd the thay rang, cac djnh nghTa ve IoT dCj c6 nhUng sU khac biet nhat djnh nhUng cung khai quat dUdc 03 ndi dung cot loi, dd la 1) mdt vat the thong thudng duoc gan vdi 2) mgt thiet bi nhan dang de 3)
3 Mang giao Ifl Iri^c luygn uy tin hSng dSu th^ gidfi cua nhOng ngUdi mua s§m cong nghe, muc tiiu hjdng den npi dung va cac nha cung cap cong ngh§ trgn khSp toan c3u
THONG TIN VA TU LIEU - 4/2018 j 31
NGHIEN ClJU - TRAO DOI
truyen va nhan dfflieu thong qua ket noi mang Internet. Trong bai viet nay, vai trd va Ung dung cua IoT vao cae hoat dpng cCia thu vien cung se de cap dua tren cac npi dung dd.
3. Vai tro cua Internet of Things (IoT) va trien vpng ufng dung vao hoat ddng cOa cac thU vien d Viet Nam
Trong xu hudng CMCN 4.0, vai trd cua IoT da ed mat d hau het cac ITnh vUe quan trpng trong san xuat, kinh doanh, van tai, khoa hpc, giai tri va ca cupc song hang ngay eua eon ngUdi. Nd eung md ra mpt trien vpng dang ke cho nganh TV-TT, dae biet la Ung dung vao hoat dpng eua eae thu vien. Tren thUc te, cac thu vien chfnh la khdng gian ly tUdng de ket hdp va Ung dung IoT vao viec quan ly cac tai nguyen hUu hinh nhu: saeh, bao, bang dTa ghi am - ghi hinh, may In, may photocopy, may scan, ke saeh, may tinh, trang thiet bj ho trd khae,...
Cac thu vien se dupe hudng ldi tU cac Ung dung nay de lam tang them gia tn cho cac djch vu thu vien, tU dd mang lai nhiJng trai nghiem mdi cho ngUdi sCf dyng. Hien nay, viec sd hUu smartphone dupe cai dat eae Ung dung di ddng (mobi-apps) da trd nen pho bien hdn doi vdi ban doc. Thdng qua IoT, ngudi dung tin cd the tim kiem tai lieu, lua chpn cae djch vu mUdn - tra, gia han tai lieu, hay truy cap vao cac tai nguyen so eua thu vien,... Doi vdi thu vidn, vai trd cua IoT trong qucin ly ed the giup tang hieu qua trong eac khau chpn Ipc, bd sung, thanh lpe von tai lieu, luu trO - bao quan tai lieu, tim tin - phd bien thdng tin, quan ly chat che vide kiem ke kho va tai san, day manh lUu hanh tai lieu, marketing san pham va djch vu thdng tin thu vien, chia se thdng tin/hoc lieu, dong thdi tao ra mdi trudng tien ich nhat de khuyen khfch hp den vdi thu vien va sQ dung cac djch vu thu vien nhieu hdn. Do dd, trien vpng Ung dung eua IoT vao mpt so hoat ddng cua thu vien se gdp phan nang cao chat IUdng djch vu cua cac thu vien d Viet Nam trong mdt so ITnh vUe:
n. Djch vu dinh vf, truy cap vao thd vien va cac djch vu thu vien
IoT cho phep ngudi sd dung, thdng qua eac Ung dung di ddng chay tren smartphone, ket noi vdi he thdng djnh vi toan cau (Global Positioning System - GPS) de l^y va phan tich dO lieu, tU do cung cap chi'nh xac vj tri eua cac tda nha thu vien gan nhat ma ngudi dpc cd the ti^p can den nhanh nhat [Hahn, 2017, tr. 8].
Cac thu vien cung cd the tap ra mdt "the thu vien ao" cho phep ngUdi dpc sii dung thu vien, truy cap vao cac djeh vu va tai nguyen ed san tai day. L/ng dung nay se cung cap mdt ban do hudng dan xac djnh vj trf cua cac tai nguyen do hoac tU di6u hudng tdi mdt djch vu khae dUde cung cap bdi mdt ben thU ba. Dd ed the la cae nha eung cap eac an pham sach, bao, tap chf, phim anh, thiet bj dien tCf,... ma ngUdi dpc dang tim kiem hoac muon sCf dung. Nd cdn eung cap cho hp thdng tin chi tiet ve eac san pham nay, giup hp dua ra cac quyet dmh thay the cd nen tiep tuc mupn hoac mua hay khdng. Ngudi dpc tai nha, hoac tai ndi lam viec cung cd the lUa chpn cac danh muc tai lidu ma minh quan tam va gCfi yeu cau dat chd trudc tdi thu vien. Sau dd, khi ngudi dpc vao thu vien de tim kiem thi Ung dung tren dien thoai se ket noi vdi cae kd saeh so thdng minh (smart digital shelves) de bao eho hp biet ehinh xac cac tai lieu dd dang dupe xep d dau tren ke. Do dd, Cci ngudi diJng va thu vien se tiet kiem dUdc thdi gian, ehi phi va xa hdn la thu vien c^i thien dUde djeh vu de phuc vu tdt hdn cho ngUdi dung tin [Pujar & Satyanarayana, 2015, tr. 189].
b. Quan ly vdn tai liiu
IoT cdn dupe ap dung vao hoat ddng quan ly von tai lieu bang each gan cac the RFID (RFID tags) vao cac tai lieu cd trong thu vien. Cac thU vien d Viet Nam cd le da trd nen quen thudc vdi cdng nghe RFID ra ddi each day hdn 40 nam. Nd eho phep cac thu vien qukn ly, giam sat va luu thdng vdn 321 THONG TIN VATU UEU-4/2018
NGHIEN CUU - TRAO DOI tai lieu tU xa dua tren dU lieu dupe luu trO
khi thd RFID dupe gan vao tai lieu va dupe giai ma dua tren mot thi^t bj dpc chuyen dung. Su ket hpp giOa cdng nghd RFID va IoT se giup toi uu hda cae hoat ddng lUu thdng tai lieu, giam thieu rCii ro mat mat, that lac trong qua trinh kiem ke tai san, thanh Ipc - bd sung va qu^n ly vdn tai lieu.
Vdi the thu vien ed gan RFID, ngudi dpc se dupe thdng bao cho biet mdt tai lidu nao dd cd bj tre han hay khdng, tr§ bao nhieu ngay, vdi mUc phf phat la bao nhieu,... ma khdng can den true tiep quay lUu hanh.
Cac ke saeh so thdng minh eung cd the cung cap mdt sd ndi dung cd ban cua cac tai lieu ma ban dpe dang quan tam dUa trdn Hch sd tim kiem eua ngudi dd hoac cac giao dich trong phieu mUpn - trii tai lieu [Pujar & Satyanarayana, 2015, tr. 188].
Ben canh do, khi dang nhap vao tai khoan tren Facebook, Twitter hoae Linkedln da dUdc xac thuc, ngUdi dpc cd the nhan dupe thdng bap trdn smartphone cae tai lieu ma hp dang tim kiem ed bao nhieu cuon, da dUdc mUdn hay ehUa [Pera, 2014], eung nhu giup thu vien de dang xac dmh dUdc cac tai lieu bj xep nham vj tri.
c. Nang cao nang iuc thdng tin Trong CMCN 4.0, khdng chi ngudi lam nghe TT-TV ma ea nhUng ngudi dung tin se phai doi mat vdi xu the bung nd thdng tin va cac nguon dQ lieu Idn (Big Data). Xu the nay ddi hdi hp phai cd nang luc thdng tin de nam ro nhu eau thdng tin cua minh, tU dd vach ra each thUe tim ki^m, td chUc lUu trU, danh gia va sU dung thdng tin mdt each hieu qua. Viec tim kiem thdng tin cd the dUdc thi^e hien dUa vao hai hinh thUe, tim trong mdi trudng vat ly, hoac tim trong mdi trudng so. Thdng qua IoT, cac thu vien cd the hudng dan cho ngudi dpc trai nghiem cac "tcur ao tu hudng dan" (self-guided
virtual tours). Thu vien se lap dat cac den bao hieu (beacons)'* d mpt sd diem chinh xung quanh thu vien, khi hp den ti^ng vj trf cu the, dien thoai cua hp se tU ddng phat ra cae doan video, hinh anh hoac am thanh, eung cap them thdng tin de hp biet va tan dung tdi da cac tien feh ma khu vUc dd mang lai. IPT cung lam phong phu them cac trai nghiem thu vj khac khi ban dpc mudn tiep xuc vdi cac bd sUu tap dac biet, bj han ehe tidp can nhU: cac ban thao chep tay, tai lieu cd ddc bcin, cac tac pham, tranh anh quy hiem,... dUde trung bay va bko quan trong cac hop kfnh. Khi ban dpc den gan, toan bd ndi dung cua bd sUu tap nay se hien thj tren man hinh smartphpne, hpac may tfnh bang dudi dinh dang sd de hp tham khao va trai nghiem [Porter, 2014]. IoT cdn dupe dung de tai xuong cac thdng tin cap nhat cua ngUdi sif dung nhu trang thai cam xuc, thdi gian bieu, nhat ky, cac chu de quan tam,... tU smartphone cCia hp, dua vao dd, thu vien se gidi thieu eae khda dao tao phu hpp sau khi tdng hpp va phan tfch thdng tin, dO lieu thu dupe [Wdjcik, 2015, tr. 411 ].
d. Marketing san pham va dich vu thdng tin thu vien tren nen ting IoT
IoT cung mang lai tiem nang to Idn trong vide marketing san pham va djch vu thdng tin thu vidn den vdi ngUdi dung. Thdng qua vide theo ddi va phan tich Ijch sd tim tin, dua tren dC? lieu, bieu thUe tim, cae tU khda trong eac may tim kiem, thu vien ed the thiet lap mpt danh sach cac chu de, tai lidu ma ban dpc quan tam de td ehUe tim, tdng hpp va cung cap thdng tin, dU lieu dung vdi nhu cau cua ngudi dung. Ben canh dd, neu khdng ed nguon thdng tin, dU lieu phu hdp, thu vien cd the tu van cho ngudi doe ehuyen sang chpn lua cac ngudn tai lieu thay the khac. IoT cdn giup eae thu vien gidi thieu danh muc tai lieu mdi, cae djeh
Beacon la IhiSt bi khong day sQ dung giao thCic Bluetooth 4 0 (BLE-Biuetoolh Low Energy) de phat cac tin hi§u vo tuyen nho xung quanh n6, cho phep Bfuelooth 4 0 ki'ch hoat cSc thi^t br khac "giao ti^p" vdi no trong phgrn vi khoSng tCi 7 6 cm Ign dSn 45 tn (Mishra, R [2014),
"The Game-Changing Natural of Beacons", UX Magazine, truy cap ngay 19/06/2017 tai dia chi hlip //uxmag.com/arlicies/the-game- changing-nature-of-beacons)
THONG TIN VA TU LIEU - 4/2018 j 33
NGHIEN CUU - TRAO 001
vy phd bien thdng tin cd chpn loc (SDI) va djch vu tim tin theo yeu cau, hoac hpp tac vdi eac thu vien khac thdng qua djch vu mudn lien thU vidn (ILL), gldi thieu den cac nha eung cap de tim phUdng an hd trp ngUdi dung tiep can toi da den eac nguon tai lieu nay. IoT cdn cd the tdi da hda cac quy trinh cdng viec ndi bp cua thu vien va phat trien cac md hinh kinh doanh sang tao de 6km bao thu vidn la ndi that su ly tUdng, thu hut ngudi sCf dung va cac ddi tae. Vide SLf dung sang tao cac ky thuat marketing dua tren IoT de quang ba thu vien va td chUe eac sU kien cd thd giup cae thu vien xay dung dupe hinh anh nhu la mdt trung tam thdng tin hien dai trong xu hudng mdi [Wdjcik, 2015, tr. 411].
e. Chia se thong tin/hoc iieu Chia se thdng tin/hoc lieu dang trd thanh mpt xu hudng hdp tac, thu hut su quan tam khdng ehi giUa eae thU vien ma edn 6 cap qudc gia, vatham ehfvupt ra khdi ranh gidi mpt qudc gia. IoT da, dang va se thue day cho qua trinh nay dien ra mpt each manh me, nhanh chdng va hieu qua hdn. Cae thu vien hien nay dang nd luc cung hpp tac de tao ra eac cdng thdng tin va cac CSDL dung chung. Hoat dpng nay the hien nhOng no luc trong viec md rdng kha nang dap Ung cac ngudn thdng tin dac thu, dat do ma mdt thu vien hoac ngudi dung dPn le khdng cd kha nang iam dUdc [Walden, 1999, trfch trong All, 2010]. Thdng qua IoT, cac thiet bj dl ddng nhu dien thoai thdng minh, may tfnh bang ket hdp vdi dien toan dam m§y, dien toan di ddng va mang khdng day tao ra md hinh "dien toan dam may di ddng" (mobile cloud computing MCC).
MCC lai ket hdp vdi "yeu td dja ly" tao ra mpt md hinh mdi la "dien toan dam may di dpng phan bdtheo dia ly" (Geo-Distributed Cloud Computing GMCC). Nen tang GMCC nay cho phep ket noi den cae trung tam dU lieu dung ehung va tai nguydn dam may phan bd theo khu vUc dja ly trd nen de dang hdn, dap Ung cho nhu eau ket ndi
ciJng luc cua nhieu ngudi sCf dyng di ddng trong mdt khu vUc rdng Idn [Delicate, 2017, tr. 49]. Nhd dd, cdng dong ngUdi dung tin va cae thu vien d nhOng khu vUc dia ly xa xdi cd the ket noi de eung nhau ddng gdp, chia se va khai thac thdng tin mot each hidu qua, giup giam ehi phi, qua dd thuc day hdp tac, nang eao hdn nUa nhan thUc va traeh nhiem cua cdng ddng.
f. Quan iy trang thiit bi, cd sd v$t chat cua thu vien
IoT eho phep ban dpe sd hUu thiet bj di ddng (bao gdm ca smartphone) kha nang tUdng tae vdi thU vidn va sCf dung cac trang thiet bj, ed sd vat chat trong thU vien mgt each d§ dang. Thdng qua Ung dyng di dpng, thu vien cd the cung cap cho ban dpe mpt the thU vien ao de mUdn - tra saeh, hoac ra vao thu vien. Cd le trong tUdng lai, ban dpc se trd nen quen thudc vdi viec nhan dUPe cac thdng bao cho biet cac tai lieu ma hp quan tam hien cd trong thU vien hay khdng [Roullard, 2013]. IoT cung giup eho viec quan ly va sCf dung cac trang thiet bj trong thu vien de dang hdn, giup thU vidn va ngudi dung biet dupe tinh trang eua eac may in, may photocopy, may scan, may tfnh, may chieu, phdng dpe saeh, phdng multimedia, so IUdng chd ngdi cdn trdng va tham chi kiem soat anh sang cua den hoac may dieu hda nhiet dp,... tUdd giup thUvien hudng dan ngUdI dung lua chon cac thidt bj cd san cho nhu eau cua hp. Cac Ung dung cdn cd the giup ban doc khiem thj hoae khuyet tat tim thay cae khu vuc co eae trang thiet bj va tidn fch chuyen biet danh cho ho [Porter, 2014]. Trong tUdng lai, vdi sU phd bien cua may in 3D va may in Espresso Book Machine (EBM), IoT se gdp phan lam ndn cude each mang trong in an va xuat ban, theo dd, ngudi sCf dung cd the tu do lUa chpn each thUc mua mdi tai lieu hoac mUpn ve nha thdng qua vide in true tiep sach qua may in 3D hoae may in EBM ma khdng can phai mupn theo each truyen thdng.
341 THONG TIN VATU LIEU-4/2018
NGHIEN ClJrU - TRAO DOI
Hinh 3. Trien vong dng dung IoT vao hoat ddng eua eac thu vien Nguon: Tie gii long hap.
Nhin chung, mac dii vide Ung dung IoT vao eae hoat ddng eua thU vien den nay cdn han che, nhung nd md ra tiem nang to Idn, dong thdi cung tao ra thach thUc khdng nhd, nhU: dau tU ha tang ky thuat - cdng nghe ddng bd; an toan dU lieu va bao mat thdng tin ca nhan; nang lUc tai chfnh;
nang lUe eua dpi ngO nhan IUc va nhOng ngUdi diJng tin. Dae bidt, trong mdi trudng Internet vdi cac thiet bj so thdng minh cho phep ket ndi vdi mpi vat ma khdng bj gidi han ve khdng gian, thdi gian. TU lau, thu vidn la nganh dupe hudng Ipi tU sU phat trien cua cae KH&CN mdi ndi khi nd dUde Ung dung vao eac hoat dpng ehuyen mdn va quan ly, tU dd tao ra cae skn pham va djeh vu TT-TV, eae mdi trUdng tUdng tac hien dai cho viec nghien cUu va hpc tap.
dap Ung tot hdn cho nhu cau sU dung va mang lai Ipi fch tfch cue cho ngUdi dung.
Xu hudng nay dupe du bao se tiep tuc tang (en trong tUdng lai va khi dd, vai trd cua thu vien se dan thay the tU "Internet ket noi van vat (IoT)" sang "Thu vien kdt ndi van vat"
Library of Things (LoT).
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 1. ALA, Center for the Future of Libraries
(2017). "Internet of Things". Trends, truy cap ngay 19/06/2017 tai dja chT; http://www.
ala.org/transformingiibraries/future/trends/
IoT
2. ALA, Center for the Future of Libraries (2017). "How It's Developing"./nfemef of Things, truy cap ngay 19/06/2017 tai dja chT:
h t t p : / / w w w . a l a . o r g / t r a n s f o r m i n g l i b r a r i e s / future/trends/loT
T H 6 N G T I N VA T U LIEU - 4/2018 j 35
N G H I E N CLfu - T R A O D O I
3. All, Hussainietal. (2010)."ResourceSharing among Law Libraries: An Imperative for Legal Research and the Administration of Justice in Nigeria". Library Philosophy and Practice 2010, truy cap ngay 21/06/2017 tai dia chi: http://www.webpages.uidaho.
edu/~mbolin/ali-owoeye-anasi.htm 4. Ashton, Kevin (2009). "That 'Internet of
Things' Thing: In the real world, things matter more than ideas".RF/D Journal, truy cap ngay 14/06/2017 lai dia chi: http;//www.
rfidjournal.com/arlicles/view74986 5. Cue Thong tin K H & C N Qudc gia (2017).
Tong luan: Cuoc Cach mang Cong nghiep lan thiy 4.
6. Delicato, Flavia 0 . et al. (2017). "Chapter 5: The Activity of Resource Allocation".
Trong Resource Management for Internet of Things. NXB Springers, tr. 49.
7 Hahn, Jim (2017). "Chapter 1 : The Internet of Things: Mobile Technology and Location Services in Libraries". Library Technology Reports, tr. 5.
8. Dang Khoa (2017). "Cach mang cdng nghiep lan thU tU: Viet Nam dang 'dUng' dau?". Viettimes.vn, truy cap ngay 13/06/2017 tai dja chi: http://viettimes.vn/
c a c h - m a n g - c o n g - n g h i e p - l a n - t h u - t u - v i e t - nam-dang-dung-dau-118838.html 9. Meola, Andrew (2016). "What is the Internet
of Things(loT)'?". Business insider, truy cap ngay 19/06/2017 tai dia chi: http;//www.
businessinsider.com/what-is-the-internet- of-things-definition-2016-8?[R^T 10. KhUOng Nha - Duy Tin (2017). "Cach mang
Cong nghiep 4.0 la gi?". News.zing.vn, truy cap ngay 19/06/2017 tai dia chi: https;//
news.zing.vn/cach-mang-cong-nghlep-40- Ia-gi-post750267.html
1 1 . Oxford Dictionary (2017). "Internet of Things" Oxford Dictionary.com, truy cap ngay 16/06/2017 tai dja chi: https://
e n . o x f o r d d i c t i o n a r i e s c o m / d e f i n i t i o n / internet_of_things
12. Panetta, Kasey (2017). "Top Trends in the Gartner Hype Cycle for Emerging Technologies, 2017". Gartner.com, truy cap ngay 25/04/2018 tai dja chi' h t t p s ' / / w w w . g a r t n e r . c o m / s m a r t e r w i t h g a r t n e r / t o p - t r e n d s - m - t h e - g a r t n e r - h y p e - c y c l e - f o r - e m e r g i n g - technologies-2017.
13. Pera, Mariam (2014). "Libraries and the Internet of Things: OCLC Symposium shows benefits, raises questions".American Libraries, truy cap ngay 20/06/2017 tai dja chT: https://americanlibrariesmagazine.org/
blogs/the-scoop/libraries-and-the-mternet- of-things/
14. Porter, Ned (2014). "Libraries, Beacons, and the Internet of Things".Ned-Porfer.
com, truy cap ngay 21/06/2017 tai dia chi:
https;//www.ned-potter.com/blog/2526 15. Postscapes (2017). "IoT Technology
Guidebook".Postecapes.com, truy c&p ngay 22/06/2017 tai dja chT: https://
w w w . p o s t s c a p e s . c o m / i n t e r n e t - o f - t h i n g s - technologies/#machine
16. Pujar, Shamprasad M. va Satyanarayana, K. V (2015). "Internet of Things and Libraries". Annate of Library and Information Studies, tr. 190.
17. Roullard, Sarah (2013). "The Internet of Things in the Library".L*ibserra.com, truy cap ngay 20/06/2017 tai dja chT: http://
archive.is/iviyF#selection-367.0-371.401 18. Schwab, Klaus (2015). "The Fourth
Industrial Revolution: What It Means and How to Respond".Fore/p/i Affairs, truy cSp ngay 02/06/2017 tai dja chT: https://www.
f o r e i g n a f f a l r s . c o m / a r t i c l e s / 2 0 1 5 - 1 2 - 1 2 / fourth-induslrial-revoiution
19. Schwab, Klaus (2016). "The Fourth Industrial Revolution". World Economic Forum, tr. 8-9.
20. Techopedia (2017). "Internet of Things".
Teehopedia.com, truy c | p ngay 16/06/2017 tai dia chi: https://www.techopedia.com/
definition/28247/internet-of-things-iot 2 1 . TechTarget(2017)."InternetofThings(loT)".
TechTarget.eom, truy cap ngay 16/06/2017 tai dja chi' http://internetofthingsagenda.
t e c h t a r g e t . c o m / d e f i n i t i o n / l n t e r n e t - o f - Things-loT
22. Wikipedia (2017). "Internet of Things".
Wikipedia.org, truy cap ngay 19/06/2017 tai dja chi: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
lnternet_of_things
23 Wdjcik, Magdalena (2015). "Internet of Things - Potential for Libraries". Emeral Insight, 34(2), tr. 41 ^.
(Ngay Toa soan nhan duac bai: 15-3-2018;
Ngay phin bien danh gia: 25-5-2018; Ngay chap nh$n dang: 15-6-2018).
361 THONG TIN VA T U LIEU - 4/2018
