TfN DUNG DOI Vdl DONG BAO DAN TOC THIEU SO TAI NGAN HANG CHINH SACH XA HQI
HUYEN CAM THUY, THANH HOA
NGUVeNTH!NGA,THl£lfVlETHA
Bdi viet ndy tap trang phdn tick, ddnh gid tinh hinh hogt dgng tin dung cia Ngan hanh Chinh sdch xa hgi huyin Cdm Thiy, tinh Thanh H6a doi vdi dong bdo ddn tgc thieu so. Qua dd, dexuat mpt sd gidiphdp ndng cao dtdt Idgng tin dung, nhdm giiip ngddi ddn di dang tiep can vdi nguon von vay, xoa d6i, giim ngheo, phdt trien kinh te...
J&khda: Tin dung, ngdn bang, von vay, chinh sdchxd hoi, ddn tgc thiiu so
CREDIT FOR ETHNIC MINORITIES AT CAM THUV BANK FOR SOCIAL POLICIES
Nguyen Thi Nga, Thicu Viet Ha
This article focuses on analyzing and assessing the credit activity of the bank for social policies. Cam Thuy district, Thanh Hoa province for ethnic minorities. Thereby, proposing a number of solutions to improve credit quality, to help people easily access to loans, hunger eradication, poverty reduction, economic development...
Keywords: Credit, bank, loan, social policy, ethnic minority
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Ngay nhdn bdi: 15/4/2020 Ngdy hoan thien bien tap: 28/4/2020 Ngdy duyet dang: 5/5/2020
C
am Thiiy la h u y e n mien mii n a m 6 phia Tay Bac tinh Thanh Hba, cb dan so tren 119 n g h i n ngubi; eo 03 d a n tpc chinh la Kinb, Mubng, Dao va mot so cac dan tpc khac. Cac b p ngheo trong H u y e n cMem gan 75%. La H u y e n mien mii, cb dia Mnh phiie tap, khb khan, n g u b i d a n sbng khong tgp trung, so ngubi biet tieng Vipt thap, iai t h u b n g xuyen cMu anh hucmg eiia thien tai nen kinh te ebn ngheo nan, lac hau. Do vay, n h u cau ve vbn vay phat trieh kinh te a i a cae h p gia dinh la rat Ibn. N g a n h a n g Chinh sach xa hpi (NHCSXH) boat d p n g khbng vi m v c tieu lpi n h u g n d b n g vai trb q u a n trpng trongviee giai quyet n g u o n von t m dai cho ngirbi n g h e o tgi huy^n Cam Thiiy trong nhiing n a m qua.
Hoat dong tin dung cCia Ngan hdng Chinh sach xa hoi tai huyen Cam Thijy
Vechi/cfng trinh cho vay
Tinh den bet nam 2019, NHCSXH huyen Cain Thiiy quan ly 19 chuong trinh tin d u n g chinh sach (TDCS), tbng dir n p dat 369.391,32 trieu dbng, vbi 3.759 khaeh hang dang cbn d u np. Cimg vbi do, cbn cb 03 chuong trinh tin dung danh rieng cho h p dan tpc tMeu so (DTTS) nhu: Chuong trinh eho vay von phat trien san xuat doi vbi hp DTTS dgc biet khb khan giai doan 2012 - 2015 theo Quyet dinh so 32/2007/QD-TTg ngay 05/3/2007 va Quyet dinh so 54/2012/QD-Trg ngay 04/12/2012 a i a Thil tubng CMnh pbii; Chuong trinb cho vay h o tro dat a, dat san xuat, nuoc smh hogt cho hp dong bao DTTS ngheo va ho ngheo b xa, thon, ban dgc bi^t khb khan theo Quye't dinh so 1592/QD-TTg ngay 12/10/2009 va Quyet dinh so 755/QD-Trg ngay 20/5/2013 a i a Thu hrong CMnh pbii; Quye't dinh so 2085/QD-TTgve chinh sach dae tbii hb trp phat tnen kinh te - xa hpi vimg DTTS va mien nui giai dogn 2017-2020.
Ve quy mo vd xu htidng
Nguon vbn TDCS da dap iing dupc nhiing n h u cau eo ban, tM^t yeii a i a dbng bao DTTS, giiip eho dbi sbng a i a dbng bao bbt khb khan, nang cao ehat Mong a i p c sbng oia ngubi dan. Theo bao cao eiia NHCSXH Cam Thiiy, trong nhirng nam qua, ngubn von cho vay theo Chuong trinh Nube saeh va v? sinh moi t m b n g dugc
ngan iwiiB 6»ai ^%ai
ngan hang giai n g a n lien tuc tang, n a m 2016 dat 15.864 tri^u dong; deh n a m 2019, dat miic 211.127 trieu dong.
Vbi mue tieu giam ngheo b e n viing va d a m bao an sinh xa hpi, tM NHCSXH vbi chiie n a n g la cbng cu dae lv(c oia Dang va N h a n u o c da tiep tue trien khai eac chuong trinh TDCS v'e giao diic o i a d o n g b a o DTTS.
KM dupe tiep can vbi giao due, da y thiie d u p c moi Mfbng xa hpi van minh, tir do tranh xa eac te nan xa hpi; nang cao trinh do d a n tri, hpc van ciia ngubi d a n . . . Doi vbi chuong trinh cho vay hb gia dinh san xuat kinh doanh (SXKD) tai vimg khb khan, d u n p tin d u n g lien tuc tang qua cac nam da giiip cac hb gia dinh phat trial kinh te chan nubi trang trgi; khuyen kMch eac hg xay dung trang trgi cb quy m b vira va Ibn de thu hut lao dpng tai ehb, tao viec lam rai dinh. NMeu hp gia dinh dau tlf mua chuyen dbi cay luong thue sang cay cong ngMep, cay an qua, rau mau cb Meu qua kinh te de san xuat...
Qua db, gbp phan phat trien kinb te - xa hpi eiia Huypn.
Ben canh db, Chuong trinh cbo vay giai quyet viee Iam da gop pKan tich cue giai quyet nMeu viec lam eho ngubi dan qua vipc sii d y n g nguon von vay di hoe ngh'e nhu:
Chan nuoi Ihii y, dan beo tay, may cong ngMep, trong nam rem, phat trien mb binh san xuat nong ngMep, tieu ihii cbng ngMep va di xuat khau lao dpng
Ve chdt lifting tin dung
Rui ro n g a n h a n g d e g a p p h a i n h a t va ciing gay hau qua ngMem trgng ehinh la riii ro m a t von.
Ngujen n h a n dan den Mih t r a n g m a t v o n la do tinh trang np qua bgn gia tang, lam eho viee thu hbi vbn tai dau t u ciia ngan h a n g g a p nMeu k h b khan. Dieu nay anb h u b n g true h e p tbi boat d p n g eiing nhu chat lirpng tin d u n g va u y tin eua n g a n hang. Von tin d u n g
BANG 1: HOAT DONG CHO VAY THEO CAC CHUONG TRlNH TiN DUNG CHlNH SACH Ttf NAM 2016-2019 (TRl6U 0 6 N G )
tf ChiABig trinh tin f ^ ^ dung chinh ridi
H(| ngheo Hadnngh^o , , Ho mdi thoiit ngheo Hoc sinh sinh vien Nirdc sach va ve sinh moi tmdng Giii quyet vl§c l i m Ho gia dinh sin xuat kinh doanh tai vimg kho khan Thirong nhan vung kh6 khan
Cho vay nha d Tong cong
HiNH 1:TiNH HiNH NO XAU C O A NGAN HANG
" • • ' • ' • • ' A H O U T t f 2016-2 '
Namffl!6 Nam 2017 Nim 2018 Nara 10
Nguon-mCSXH huyen Cam tiiuy
d u p c giao cho khach h a n g d u a tren nhiing h p p dong tin dung, trong h p p d o n g tin d u n g bao gib ngan hang ciing d u a ra dieu kien khach h a n g phai hoan tra von va lai diing thbi ban, n h i m g tinh trgng n p qua hgn van xay ra (Hmh 1).
Trong giai doan 2016-2019, n o xau eiia NHCSXH Cam Thiiy d a n g co xu h u b n g giam dan; N p qua bgn ciia n h b m c h u o n g trinb cbo d o n g bao DTTS vay rat n h b trong thbi gian qua. Viec n p xau giam la do nhiing nb lue tieh cue o i a NHCSXH Cam Thiiy trong viee giam sat eac khoan vay va cb ke hogch thu boi cae khoan n p .
Gidi phap nang cao chat lu'dng tin dung
Nam 2016
50.223 46.997 6.904 13.62 15.864 1.402
27 541
4.162 3.936 170.649
Nam 2017
52.78 52.277 13.487 10,494 16.992
27.759
6 278 185 952
Nam201S
48.386 53 944 19.96
19,794
33.69
196.746 Nam 2019
53.263 51.914 24796 5.048 30.635 2.031
35.728
«;
7.712 211.127 Hguon: NHCSXH hiiyen Cam Ihiy
Ket qua ngMen a i u eho thay, nhiing ban ehe trong trinb dp hpc vari, trinh do sir d u n g vbn ciia ngubi vay ciing cb n h i i n g anh h u b n g n h a t dinh den chat l u p n g tin d u n g cbo h p DTTS b huyen Cam Thiiy. Tir ket qua d a n h gia tbirc trang, phan tieh eac n h a n to a n b h u b n g d e n ehat l u p n g tin dung, n h b m tac gia d u a ra eae giai phap n h a m nang eao chat l u o n g tin d u n g tai NHCSXH huyen Cam Thuy, cy the n h u sau:
Thie nhai, hep tuc cai thifn quy trinh thil Me cho vay bang each toi gian hba cac khau, thu Mc trong quy trinh eho vay 6 cae khau, doan. Vi de d u p c vay vbn chuong trinh tin d u n g h b ngheo ciia NHCSXH, tM hp vay phai thubc dien h b ngheo (cb ten trong danb sach h b ngheo do UBND
181
iing 2: Dir ntftin dung tir cat ChiAfng trinh tin dung chinh sach (Trieu ffong)
ChUtfng trinh tin dung chinh sach Ho DTTS dac b i | t kho k h i n theo Q u y ^ dinii so 32/2007/QD-TTg Ho DTTS dac b i | t khd khan theo Quyet djnh so 54/2012/QD-ng Ho DTTS di6 sfng Mid khan 2013 - Quyet dinh S(i7S5/2013/(H)-ng Chuong trinh IOCS cho vay hd DTTS - Quyet djnh so 2085/2016/Qfi-ng
Tdng' ' * ^ ' " r ^ . ^ i . . C r ^ . 4 '
Duntf 2016
Dir ntf 2017
DUntf 2018
Dir nff.
2019 Tong DN
2.959,2 3.837,15 3.016 3.279 13.091,35 Nguon: NHCSXH liuyen Cam Thuy
cap xa lap h a n g nam), cb dieu kien SXKD. Viec binh xet h p vay dupe thuc Men tai to, h o so vay vbn ban quan ly to h u b n g d a n b b vay lap. To vay von lap h o so de ngM vay vbn, sau db trinh len tb cbiic hbi xet duyet va trinh len UBND cap xa xem xet quyet dinh.
Thii hai. h e thong hba eac c h u o n g trinb cho vay m$t each kboa bpc, h p p ly va de Meu. Hien nay, b e n eanh eac c h u o n g trinb TDCS da trien khai, NHCSXH h u y e n Cain Thiiy d u a vao khai thac mgt so cbirong trinh doanh rieng cho DTTS. Mbi chuong trinh d e u quy d i n h doi t u p n g eho vay ey the. My nMen, tren thire te v a n cb s u chong cheo giiia doi t u p n g cbo vay a i a cac chucmg trinb n h u : Mbt hb gia d i n h eb the tham gia nMeu chuong trinh khae n h a u d a n den trimg lap ve m u c dich sic d u n g von, nMeu n g u o n von d u p e d a u t u eho cimg mbt m u c dich gay lang pM von, d u an SXKD khbng Meu qua...
Thie ba. c'an n a n g cao n g u o n luc eiia minh. Thuc M | n chuj^n m b n boa vbi timg can bo tin d u n g , can cii vao n a n g lue sb t r u b n g va kinh ngMpm eua timg n h b m can bp tin d u n g de p h a n cbng thue Men eho vay dbi vbi mpt loai khach h a n g n h a t dinh. Ben cgnh viec t h y c Men ehuyen m o n boa, NHCSXH h u y e n C a m T h u y k h b n g n g i m g n a n g cao kien thiic cho can bp tin d u n g , dinh ky m b eae l a p boi d u b n g kieh thiie n g M e p vu cho can bp v'e tM trubng, cbng n g h e de g i u p can b p n h a n vien viing vang, t u tin b o n trong cbng vi?e o i a m i n b
Ben eanh db, quan tam dao tao, tap h u a n cae kien thiic v l n g h i e p vy cho vay v o n de h u b n g dan, cM dao eac bb phan ehuyen m b n thue Men tot cae quy trinh trong vay von. Dao tao, tap h u a n can bp v'e eac p h u a n g thiic phat trien kinb te, eai tien ky thuat de Hpi long ghep voi cae chuong tiinh boat d p n g khac, ket h p p h u b n g d a n b p vay each lam an.
Thie tie, ket h p p tot vbi cac ehinh quyen dia p h u a n g trong cbng tac quan Iy von tin dung. Theo db, can
xac d i n h d u n g d d i t u p n g cho vay, cho v a y d i i n g n h u cau, diing m u e dich, p h u h p p vbi chu ky kinh d o a n h . D o n g thai, d a p ling n h u eau vay v o n cho h p n g h e o m b t each kip thbi, d i i n g thbi v u , ehu ky kinh doanh. Viec p h a t rien vay cham t r i hoac khbng d u n g thai vu thuang d i n d&i dbi tupng vay von m a t ca hpi SXKD, la mbt h o n g nhiing nguyen n h a n d a n den viec sir d y n g vbn sai m u e dich.
Thie ndm. chu trpng den each thiic thu hoi n p xau tir khach hang. Day la n h a n to q u a n trpng a n h h u b n g den chat lupng tin d u n g a i a ngan hang; vi vay, ngan hang can thubng xuyen nhac n h b khach h a n g ve vipc tra n p va lai vay dinh ky; p h a n ky b a n tra n p thanh nMeu ky theo chu ky SXKD giiip b p vay giam bbt ap luc ve nguon tien tra n p cuoi ky. Vipe thije Men tra n p theo ky han da d u p c dinh ra phai thuc Mpn d'ay dii, ngMem Mc. De thuc Mpn d u p c dieu nay, mpt m a t c'an Myen truyen, van dgng y tbiic trach nMem a i a eac h p vay vbn. Hoan tMen co chekboanh no, xba n p bang cac di'eu kien khat khe d e n a n g cao y thiie tra n p eiia ngubi vay. Hb vay khong y lai vao chinh sach nay de chay i,
ehb khoanh, xba np. V Tai lieu tham khao:
I Thu tudng Chinh phu (2007), Quyet dinh so 32/2007/QB-TTg ngdy 05/3/2007 vecho vay van phdt then san xudt ddi vdi ho ddn toe thieu sddac biet khd khdn giai doan 2012-2015;
2. Quyet dinh so 54/2012/QB-TTg ngdy 04/12/2012 cua Thd tddng Chinh phu ve cho vay von phdt tnen sdn xuat ddi vdi hd ddn toe thieu sdddc biet khd khdn giai dogn 2012-2015;
3. Quye't dinh so 1592/QD-TTg ngdy 12/10/2009 vd Quye't dmh sd7557Qd-TTg ngdy 20/5/2013 cua Thu tUdng Chinh phd ve cho vay ho tra dot d. dat sdn xudt. nudc sinh hoat cho hg dong bao dan tgc thieu sd ngheo va bo ngheo d xd, thdn, bdn dac biet kho khan theo;
4. Ouyet djnh sd2085/QB-TTg ve chinh sdch ddc thu ho tra phdt tnen kmh te- xa hgi vung ddn tde thieu so vd mien nui giai dogn 2017-2020;
5. Bdo cdo ket qud eho vay ho ngheo vd cdc doi tUOng chinh sdch khde tgi Ngdn hang Chinh sach xd hoi huyen Cdm Thdy - Thanh Hda.
Thong tin tac gia:
Nguyen Thi Nga. Thieu Viet Ha - Trdcing Bai hgc Hong Biic Email: nga.ntlOOSi^gmail.com
