According to the calculation, the recovery of the coal from the coal nbs will provide 71% of total coal reserves at the coal ribs of the roadways. This result will be used as a basis for ap- plying the solutions for recovering the coal ribs at the roadways under the conditions of medium coal seams with the gentle slope to inclined angle at some coa! mines in Quang Nmh area, meeting the aim of recovering natural resources and ensuring the safety in the coal mining process
TS, LeBifCVINH KS. PHAM K H A N H M I N H ThS. PJ-iClNG VIET BAC Vi$n Khoa hgc Cong nghe Mo - Vinacomin
Bien t$p: TS. Trwcmg OiJc Dw
Theo kit qua danh gia ting hp'p tri> lup'ng tgi mpt so md than ham Id viJng Quang Ninh nhu Ming Thai, Nam M l u , Duang Huy va Quang Hanh cho thiy, tru* lup'ng than trong cac tru bao ve Id dgc via van tai giir lai de lam Id dpc via thdng gid cho phan tang dudi chiem khoang 10
^ 15% ting trir lup'ng cac khu vue vfa day trung binh die thoai d i n nghleng huy dpng vao khai thac Vdi trCr lugng than Idn se phai d l Igi iam trg bao vg cac dudng Id dgc vfa nhu tren, n l u khdng khai thac tan thu se gay ton that tai nguyen khdng t h i tai tgo. Do dd, vigc nghien ciru de xuat ap dgng eae gial phap khai thac cac trg than bao vg Id dgc via trong dieu kign cac via than day trung binh, doc thoai d i n nghleng viing Quang Ninh la h i t sire can thiet.
Tren ca sd eae tai li^u dia chat, quy hoach khai thac h i m Id, k l hoaeh khai thac 2014 va ban do cgp nh|t hign trgng khai thae mdt so mo d|c trung nhu Nam M l u , Hdng Thai, Quang Hanh, Duong Huy va danh gia tong hop trCr lup'ng than trong cac try bao vg thugc khu vyc via day trung binh doe thoai d i n nghleng tai eae Bing 1
md tren, cho thiy: tong tru- lug'ng than trong cae tai bao ve khoang 21.084 nghin tan, trong dd md Nam M l u chiem 11,7%, md Hing Thai chiem 2,3%, md Quang Hanh chiem 34% va md Duong Huy chiem 52,1%, (bang 1).
D I khai thac tgn thu phan tru lup'ng than trong cac try bao ve nhu tren, mot so nudc tren the gidi nhu CH Sec, Slovakia, My, Dire, Australia, Nga, .v.v. thudng ap dung khai thae phan than eua trg bao vg bang vigc keo dai id chg cua phan tang dudi hoac khai thac trg bao vg Id dpc via bang may khoan dudng kinh Idn.
Cg the nhu sau:
* Doi voi giai phap khai thac tru bao ve Id dgc via thong gio bang viec keo dai 16 chry phan tang duvi:
Tiiy theo dieu kien dja chat ky thuat md tai khu vuc tru bao vg, cdng tac tac chuan bj de khai thac phan tru' lugng trg than bao ve Id dgc via thdng gid cd t h i thuc hien theo hinh thirc keo dai guong Id chg t i n g dudi len khai thac ca phan trg bao vg. Guong 16 eho dang cut (khdng cd Id dgc vfa thdng gid cho doan Id chg tru bao
TT
1 2 3 4 T6ng
Ten mo
Nam M l u Hong Th^i Quang Hanh Du'ang Huy 15.675,29
fru' Iwong than tru bao v? (ny tan)
a<3Cf>
1.659,9 222,71 6 476,68
8,317,0 5.409,59
Slfia <35»
800,4 251,98 1.695,91
2.661,3 21.084,94
Tong Tru' lucfng
2.460,3 474,69 7.171,59 10.978,36
100,0
Tyle(%) 11,7 2,3 34,0 52,1
KHCNM S6 2/2015* CNKT HAM LO
Thong tin khoa hoc cong nghe m o
1. Vj tri bd tri 10 doc via thOng giO; 2. Vi tri 16 dpc via v$n til dS dap bd; 3 vd 4. DifOng cong phan b6 6p luc md tuong Crng vOi tnrac vi sau khi nOn Op via
vOn'g giip khu vi/c dS khai thic Hinh 1. Sa d6 phin bS ip'li/c vOng gin khoing
trdng dS khai thic
ve) hogc cd 16 bao quanh (cd Id dgc via thdng gid cho dogn Id chg trg bao ve).
Trudng hgp guong Id cho dgng cd 16 bao quanh, phai bo tri dao Id thdng gid men theo khu vyc da khai thac cua phan tang tren. Theo k i t qua nghien ciru tong hgp tren the gidi, ap lye md Idn nhit phat sinh tir viec nen ep via than dich chuyen ve phia khoi than nguyen (hinh 1). Khi ap dyng phuang phap dao Id men theo khoang trong da khai thac, tai vj tri bo tri Id dgc via thdng gid, via than ehju ap lye nhd nhit tif trpng lugng dit da cua viing da khai thac. Vdi vige b l tri dudng Id dgc via thdng gid men thee khoang trong da khai thac cho phep giam ehi phi ching giu cac dudng Id xuong tir 1,5 -;- 2,5 lan so vdi phuang phap bao vg bang cae dai try than bao ve. Kinh nghigm thuc te cho thay, d l giam thilu ap lye md tac dpng len Id chuan bj khi dao men d n b l tri cae dudng Id nay d khoang each tif 2 -^ 4m den khoang tring da khai thac, dong thdi vige ching giu Id men cung khdng ein sii- dgng cae vgt ligu dgc bigt. Khi dp sau khai thac Idn, da vach de sap dd, sau khi sap dc ed tinh lien kit t i t thi cd t h i phyc hci ho^c dao cac dudng Id trong khoang trong da khai thac.
Giai phap nay giiip tan thu tir 60^80% trir lugng than tir try bao ve Id dgc via.
* Doi voi giai phap khai thac tr{t bao v$ Id dgc via bang may khoan duvrng kinh lim:
Cdng tac khai thac tgn thu than dugc thyc hien bing each sir dyng may khoan dudng kinh Idn khoan tir Id dgc via thdng gid len tnj bao vg.
Khi ap dyng giai phap nay ty lg tan thu than tir tm bao vg thip.
Tgi Vigt Nam, so do cdng nghg khai thac trg
Hinh 2. COng nghO khai thic tin thu trii bao vO Id dgc via bSng miy khoan dutfng Mnh Idn bao vg Id dgc via thdng gid cung vdi Id ehg ting dudi eung da dugc ap dung tgi mgt so md him Id vung than Quang Ninh nhu Khe Chuoi (Cdng ty 91), Ha Lam, Duong Huy va Quang Hanh. Ty lg tgn thu than tir try bao vg Id dpe via dat tCf 60
^ 70%, tuy nhien, chi ap dgng dugc trong dilu kign gdc doc via dudi 30° va eae y l u t l nhu nude, khi tat cac khu vyc da khai thac cua ting tren khdng anh hudng hogc mirc dg anh hudng khdng dang ke d i n qua trinh khai thac tgn thu.
Ngoai ra, trong trudng hgp via d i e tren 30", mgt s l md h i m Id khai thac tgn thu trg bao vg bang cdng nghg dao Id lay than, tuy nhien, giai phap nay cd ty lg tgn thu t h i p hon (40 -^ 60%) do chi liy dugc than trong pham vi dudng Id khi dao.
Tir kinh nghigm khai thac tgn thu try than bao vg Id dgc via tren t h i gidi va trong nudc, vdi tru*
lugng than d l Igi trong cac trg bap vg 16 dgc via trong dilu kign via than day trung binh, die thoai d i n nghieng tgi mdt s l md him 16 vCing Quang Ninh, cac giai phap khai thae try bao vg Id dpc via cd the ap dyng nhu sau:
* Giii phap khai thac tan thu tru bao v^ d6i v6i phin tr€p lupng c6 chieu day tip 1,2-^ 3,5m, goc doc OO"
Theo D i l m 10, Dilu 28, Quy chuin ky thuat quIc gia ve an toan trong khai thac than him Id (QCVN 01:2011/BCT) do BO Cdng Thuang ban hanh nam 2011, khi via than cd gdc die nho hon 30° dugc phep khiu cac trg than bao v^ Id dgc via thdng gid ding thdi vdi khiu than Id ehg tang dudi [IJ. Do dd, trong dieu ki0n chilu day via tir 1,2 ^ 3,5m va gdc doc <30°, tiln hanh chuin bj va khai thac tn,j bao v$ Id dpc via thdng gid ding thdi vdi Id chg tang dudi, cdng nghg khai thae ap dgng tai dogn Id chg tn,J bao v$ tuang ty Id cha t i n g dudi la khig than bang khoan n l min,
KIK \ M so 2/2015* CNKT H.AM LO
Hinh 3. Sa dd cOng nghe khat thic tin thu tru than bio ve trong diiu ki$n via cd chiiu day ttr 1,2 ^ 3,5m, gOc dOc <3CP
ehong giu Id chg bing cgt thuy lye dan vdi xa dugc thuc hien bing phuang phap khoan no khdp, dogn 16 chg khai thae trg bao ve thing min vdi tiln dp luong khiu la 1,2m (0,8m ddi vdi tuyen vdi Id chg tang dudi, Npl dung cg the cua gia ehong thuy lye). Cac cong viec chinh trong giai phap nhu sau:
Cong tac chuin bj: Ld ehg tang dudi duoc chuin bj theo so d l cdng nghe khai thac cpt dai theo phuang, khau giat tir bien gidi ve trung tam, dieu khien da vach bang phuong phap pha hda toan phin. D l chuin bj doan Id chg khai thae tan thu try bao v0 Id dpc via thdng gid, tiln hanh khdi phue Id song song chan cu cua tang tren hogc dao Id men each khu vyc da khai thae cua Id ehg tang tren khoang 2-f4m d l lam Id thdng gid, sau
mdt chu ky khai thac Id chg cdt TLD + xa khdp gIm: khoan no min khiu guong; sua guong, trai ludi, Ien xa, cai chen giu tam nde; tai than; dyng cdt ching luong guong; sang mang; ehuyin ganh tang cudng va thu hoi day xa va cpt luong pha hoa, dilu khiln da vach.
Cdng tac van tai than: Than khai thac tir trg bao ve duoe van chuyin bang mang trugt hpgc mang cao qua Id cha tang dudi xudng Id dpc via van tai, sau do than dugc van chuyen bing bang dd, dao thugng khdi diem eua dogn 16 chg trg *3' ^oae mang cao ra he thong van tai chung cua bao ve thang tuyln vdi thugng khdi (Sem cua Id "^o
ehg tang dudi. Nhu vgy, khi huy dOng them phan trir lugng tm bao vg Id dpc via thdng gid vao khai thac. Id chg se dai them tif 8^1 Dm (hogc Idn hon).
Cong tic khai thac: Tiln hanh lap dat vi chdng cpt thuy lye don + xa khdp (hoac gia ehong thuy lye) vao thugng khdi diem cua Id chg, sau dd thue hign cdng tac dieu khien da vach ban dau.
Tuong ty nhu Id chg ting dudi doan Id chg trg bao vg khai thac bam vach tn,j via khi via day d i n 2,2m, ho$c khai thac bam vach bd trg khi via day tir 2,2 -^ 3,5m (neu ehong bang gia thuy lye thi
Cong tac thong gio: Gid sach tif Id dgc via van tai len cung d p cho Id cho ting dudi va Id chg khai thac trg bao ve, gid thai thoat len Id men thdng gid va ra ngoai theo he thing thdng gid chung cua mo.
Cdng tac thoat nw&c: Thdng thudng, nude trong khu vue khai thac tan thu tm bao ve dugc thoat t y nhien tren hg thing ranh cua Id dgc via vdi do ddc 4 -H 5%O ra he thong thoat nudc chung cua md.
Cdng tac an toan: Ngoai vigc tuan thu cac quy khai thac bam tnj via). Cdng tae khiu tiln guong dinh khi khai thac Id chg, d n thyc hien cac giai
kllCNM S 6 2/2015* CNKT HAM LO
Thong tin khoa hoc cong nghe m o
tt **
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Hinh 4. Sa dd cdng nghi khai thic tin thu trij bio vO trong diOu kien via co chiSu day tO'1.2 -^3,5m, gdc ddc tCr 30-h 35°, chdng gil} guong khai thac bing gia thuy luc phap sau:
+ Gial phap thdng gid va quan ly khi md:
Khoan tham dd khi trude va trong qua trinh khai thac; thudng xuyen do kiem tra toe dp gid, nhiet dp, cae loai khi dde va khi ehay nd. Lip dat cae diu do nhiet dp, t i c dp gid va khi t y dpng.
+ Glai phap thpat nudc: Khoan tham do nudc trudc va trong qua trinh khai thac; trong qua trinh dao Id men va khai thac trg bao vg, cir sau 3 ^ 4 chu ky dao Id va khai thac lai thyc hien cdng tac khoan tham dd bang cae Id khoan cd chilu dai 6,0m tgi vj tri guang dao va hdng Id men len khu vyc da khai thac
Khi lugng nudc va khi thoat ra nhieu, qua gidi hgn eho phep, phai cd cac giai phap thao nudc va khi bang cac thilt bi chuyen dung din khi dam bao an toan mdi dugc tien hanh cong tac chuan bj va khai thae tan thu tru bao vg 16 dpc via.
" Giai phap khai thac tan thu tru bao ve doi voi phan trir lupng co chieu day tip 1,2-^ 3,5m, goc doc tCr30°^35°
Trpng dieu kien chieu day va gdc d i e via nhu tren tien hanh chuan bi va khai thac try bao ve Id dgc via thdng gio vugt trudc 16 chg tang dudi mpt khoang each tCr 15 -^ 20m, trong qua trinh khai thac try bao ve xep luu cae hang cui Ign d l bao vg Id dgc via thdng gid va ngan ehan anh
hudng cua d i t da pha hda xuong Id chg tang dudi. Cdng nghe khai thac ap dung tai doan 16 chg try bao ve tuang ty Id chg ting dudi.
Cdng tac chain bi: Ld chg tang dudi duae ehuin bi theo so do edng nghg khai thac cpt dai thep phuong, dieu khien da vach bang phuong phap pha hda toan phin. Cong tac chuin bi d l khai thac try bao vg Id dpe via thdng gid dugc tien hanh tuang t y trudng hap via cd chieu day tif 1,2 -^ 3,5m, goc doe <30°, chi khac la thugng khdi diem cua doan Id ehg try bao ve 3[j(?c bo tri dao vugt trudc thugng khdi dilm eua Id chg tang dudi tir 15 -^ 20m theo phuang.
Cdng tac khai thac Id cha: Tiln hanh cong tac lap dat vi ehong thiiy luc vao Id thugng khdi diem, sau dd t i l n hanh cdng tac pha hda ban dau da vach roi ehuyin sang khai thac thudng ky. Trong qua trinh khai thae, sau khi khiu ehong guong Id chg mdt ehu ky, tiln hanh xIp cac hang cui Ign de bao ve Id dpc via thdng gid va ngan chan anh hudng cua d i t da pha hoa xuing Id ehg ting dudi.
Cdng tae van tai than doan Id chg khai thac try bao vg thyc hign bang mang trugt, than dd xuIng mang cao Id dpe via thdng gid, vgn chuyin qua Id ehg t i n g dudi bang mang trugt, sau dd hda vao he thing vgn tai ehung eua khu
KHCNM s o 2/2015* CNKT HAM LO
Hinh 5. Sa dd cOng nghO khai thic tin thu tru bio vO trong didu kiOn via day ti> 1,2 -^ 3,5m, goc ddc tCf 30-h35°. chdng giO guong khai thic bing cOt TLD + xa khap
vyc. Cdng tac thdng gid, d p thoat nudc, an toan eho dogn 16 chg khai thac tru bao vg dugc thue hign tuong tu nhu trudng hgp ehong giir Id chg bang ept thuy lye don cho dilu kign via cd chilu day via tir 1,2 -^ 3,5m, gdc doe <30°.
De cd CO sd triln khai ap dgng thu nghiem trong thye t l san xuit, d l tai lua chgn va thiet k l trong ^ l u kign trg bao ve Id dpe via mirc -50 cLia Id chgTT-11 6, mirc-50 -^--110, via 11, khu Trung tam - Nga Hai - Cdng ty than Quang Hanh.
D^c dilm dilu kien dja chit cua khu vyc ap dyng nhu sau: Chilu day via trung binh 2,0m, gdc doc via trung binh 28°, ty trpng than 1,6 tln/m^; Vach tryc tilp cua via than la Idp set k i t phan Idp mdng, tiep den la Idp bpt kit phan Idp mdng d i n trung binh, thupc Ipgi I n djnh trung binh; vach ca ban la bOt k i t xen l i n cat kit, thupe logi sgp do trung binh den khd sap do; trg tn,rc tilp la Idp bgt kit phan bo deu vdi chilu day tir 2 -^ 10m, ben virng tmng binh den ben virng;
khu vyc dugc xep vao md logi III ve khi metan. mdi Id d i u mirc -42, men theo Id song song cu Oilu ki^n ^ a chit thiiy van tai khu vyc theo khao mire -40 (each tir 2 -^ 3m) lam 16 thdng gid chung sat thyc t l it anh huong d i n khu vye ap dgng. cho Id cho. Tir vj tri nga ba Id dpe via mirc -50
Hinh 6 Sa dd duong Id chuin bi khu v[/c ip dijng thu' nghiem tren try bao ve 16 dpc via Id khu vyc da khai thac hit, 16 chg tang dudi dugc khai thae bang cdng nghe khai thac edt dai theo phuong ching giir bang cpt thuy lye don kit hop xa khdp.
De khai thac tan thu phin tru lugng try bao vg Id dgc via thdng gio muc -50, tiln hanh dao
Khai trudng khu vye thir nghiem dugc gidl hgn bdi: phia Ddng la dirt gay F.3C. phia Tay la dift gay F.3A, phia Nam dugc gidl han bdi mirc -40, phia Bac dugc gidi hgn bdi mirc -50, via 11.
Chilu dai theo phuong khai thac tru bao ve la 100m, chilu dai theo hudng doe ciia tru bao vg tir 10^ 24m (tmng binh 18m), trir lugng tru bao vg Id dpc via muc -50 la 6.745 t i n . Hign tai, phia
vdi dpgn 16 thugng ndi tir dau 16 ehg TT-11.6 den 16 dgc via, tien hanh dao Id thugng khdi dilm thdng len Id men mirc -42 hinh thanh doan Id chg khai thac try bao ve. Ld men mirc -42 va thugng khdi diem mirc -50 ^ -42 dao theo tilt dign hinh dien hinh thang ehong g6, dien tieh dao 6,4m2, dien tich sCf dyng 4,0m^, budc ehong 0,7m/vi. Khai thae tgn thu tru bao ve Id dpe via
KHCNM s o 2/2015* CNKT HAM LO
Thong tin khoa hoc cong nghe mo
Bing 2
TT 1 Ten chi tieu j Don vi L6 ciig tinh to^n
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Chieu d^y tmng binh cua via G6c d6c tmng binh cua via Trong lu-g-ng the tich cua than Chieu dSi theo phu'ong khu khai thac Chi^u dai trung binh 16 cho theo hu-b-ng doc Chi^u cao khau girong Id cho
Tign do khai thac mpt chu ki"
Vat ligu ehong giCf guong San luong than khai thSc m^t chu ky So cong nhan 16 cha mpt chu ky So ca hoan Ih^nh mot chu ky H6 s6 hoan thSnh m6t chu ky San luong than khai thSc m6l ng^y dem San Iifong than khai thSc m6t thang C6ng suat 16 cho
NSng s u i t lao dOng c6ng nhdn Chi phi thuoc no cho 1000 tan than khai thSc Chi phi kip no cho 1000 t i n than khai thdc Chi phi g5 cho 1000 tan than khai th^c Chi phi lu-^i th6p B40 cho 1000 l i n than khai thac Chi phi d i u nho tuong cho 1000 t i n than khai thSc Chi phi mot 16 c h u i n bj cho 1000 tan than khai thSc Ty lg t§n thu tir khai thcic trg bao vg
Ton t h i t khai th^c
m
ao
T / m ' m m m m
Khoi lu^g Tnj BV 1 Chung
2.0 28 1,6 100
15
150 142 2,0 1,2 COtTLB + XakhO'p T
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97 16 71
-
24-
mirc -50 theo sa do cdng nghg khai thac cdt dai theo phuong, khiu guong Id ehg bam vach, dieu khien da vach bing phuong phap pha hda toan phan, ching giu Id chg bing cpt thuy lye don + xa khdp, khau than bang khoan no min. Gial phap nay tuang tu nhu khai thac Id chg tang dudi vi cd dieu kign tuong dong, do dd, hp chieu ehong giO, khai thac, dieu khien da vach va cdng tac to chire san xuit tai doan Id chg tm bao vg dugc thye hign tuong ty nhu Id chg ting dudi.
Mdt sd chitieu kinh t l ky thugt chinh cua giai phap khai thae tgn thu tn,i bag vg dugc trinh bay tren bang 2.
Theo k i t qua tinh toan, giai phap khai thac tan thu tru bao vg cho phep tan thu duoc 71%
trir lugng than tir try bao vg Id dgc via. Kit qua nay la co sd de then khai ap dgng cae giai phap khai thac tgn thu trg bao vg 16 dpe via cho cac khu vue ed dieu kign via day tmng binh doc thoai den nghieng trong thue t l san xuit tai mdt so md
than ham Id vung Quang Ninh, dap irng mgc tilu tan thu toi da tai nguyen va dam bao an toan trong qua trinh khai thac./.
Tai ligu iham khao:
1. Bd Cdng Thuong (2011): Quy ehuan ky thugt quoc gia ve an toan trong khai thac than ham 16, Ha Ndi.
2. Phung Mgnh Olc (1993): 'Nghien cOu^ip dung cac sa d6 cong nghg khai thic khong de Igi tru than bao vg", Vign Khoa hgc Cdng ngh$ Md, Ha Npi.
3. Bao eao ting kit d l tai (2014): "Nghi§n cuu de xuat ap dyng cac giai phap khai thac tai than bao ve Id dgc via trong dieu ki$n cac via than day trung binh, doc tho^i din nghieng vung Quang Ninh". Vign Khoa hpc Cdng nghg Md - Vinacomin.
4. So tay ky thugt ting edng trinh su v l khai thac md than (2010). Nha xuit ban Cdng nghigp than B I C Kinh.
KHCNM s o 2/2015* CNKT HAM LO
