JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF HNUE Natural Sci., 2014, Vol. 59, No. 4, pp. 106-113 This paper is available online at http://stdb.hnue.edu.vn
D A N L I E U B i r 6 c DAU VE THAN MEM CHAN BUNG (GASTROPODA) KHU VUC TRANG AN CO, T R U I N G YEN, HOA LU, TINH NINH BINH
Do Van NhUdng, Do Ngoc Huyen va Lufu Thi Tlianli Hifdng
Khoa Sinh hpc, Trudng Dai hpc Su pham Hd Ndi Tom tat. Nghien cflu ve Than mim Chan bung d nUdc va tren can khu vUc Trang An dupc thuc hien 2 ddt tCc ngay 3 d§n ngay 7 thang 7 va tfl ngay 5 din ngay 9 thang 10 nam 2013. KSt qua da phat hien 59 loai thuoc 23 ho, 41 gidng, 2 phan Idp.
S6 loai ciia phan Idp Prosobranchia da dang hdn Pulmonala, Ti le cac loai Chan bung d can nhieu hdn d nUdc, nhin chung da dang cac ddn vj phan loai bac ho va gidng, it da dang bac loai. Sinh canh tu nhien tren can co so loai phong phii hdn sinh canh nhan tac, trong moi trUdng nUdc hai sinh canh co sd loai nhU nhau. Loai di nhap nhu 6c bUdu vang (Pomacea canaliculata, P. bridgesi) da anh hudng rat Idn den phan bd cua cac loai 6c nhdi, 6c bUdu {Pila polita, P. conlca) trong cung ho Ampullaridae.
Tif khda: Than mem Chan bung, thanh phdn loai, phan bo, Trang An, Nmh Binh.
1. Moi dau
Than mem Chan bung (Gastropoda) la nhom xuat hien rat sdm, tfl Dai co sinh (Paleozoi), each nay khoang 570 trieu nam, phon thinh vao thdi ki Tan sinh (Kainozoi).
Chan bung la Idp da dang nhat trong nganh Than mem (MoUusca), cd 3 phan 16p Mang trUdc, Mang sau va Cd phoi. Chan bung cd ca cac dai dien 5 moi trUdng nUdc va mdi trudng can. Phan Idp Cd phoi (Pulmonata) va mot so ho Mang trfldc (Prosobranchia) chu ylu sdng 6 mdi trudng tren can. Tuy nhien mot so loai (ho Planorbidae, Lymnaeidae) thuoc Cd phoi, nhUng lai sdng 5 mdi trudng nUdc. Than mem Chan bung tren can gap nhieu trong cac khu vUc nui da voi, ca v l s6 lUpng loai va so Ifldng ca the, chung cdn canxi de tao vd. Mot so loai hoan toan trong gidi han khu vflc nui da voi. Vi vay co the coi la nhdm chi thj cho da dang dpng vat khong xUPng song vung nui da voi.
Do cau true v6 la Idp da voi, dUdc lUu gifl kha dai trong moi trUdng, Chan bung co y nghia quan trpng de xac dinh cac thdi ki dja chdt va lich sfl phat trien cua con ngUdi trong khao co, nhieu hang dpng co ngUdi tien sfl cung xuat hien nhieu vd 6c con lUu lai do ngudi tien sfl dung lam thflc an va de lai v6. Ngoai ra, gia trj thuc pham doi vdi con ngudi va tac hai trong pha hoai mua mang rdt Idn cua Chan bung cung la dieu dang luu y (&c bUdu vang, sen trdn...).
Ngay nhan bai: 7/1/2014. Ngay nhan clang: 17/4/2014.
Tac gia lien lac: Do Van NhiftJng, dia chi e-mail- dvnhuong@hotmai] com
Ddn lieu hudc dau ve thdn mem chan bung (Guslropoda) khu vUc Trdng An cd. Tridtng Yen....
Hinh 1. Sd dd vi tri cdc diem thu mdu d Trdng An co, xd TrUdng Yen, Hoa LU, Ninh Binh
Khu vUc Trang An co thuoc xa Trudng Yen, Hoa Lu, Ninh Binh thuoc he sinh thai nui da voi, phan hoa kha da dang va dien hinh vdi canh quan khoi nui phan cat, dia hinh thuoc vung karst noi len gifla vung dong bang ven bien tUPng doi bang phang d mien Bac Viet Nam, cd do cao tfl 10 den 281 m, chan nui la viing trung ngap nUdc theo mua. Cac dac diem vl khi hau va lupng mUa mang dac diem khf hau cua vCing dong bang Bac Bp.
Vung nui da vdi nay thudng dUpc coi la mot trong cac he sinh thai cue doan, it can bdng, dieu kien sdng khac nghiet, luon khd va khdng cd kha nang gifl nfldc, chat dinh dfldng chi gifl lai trong cac h6c da. Xet vl nang suat sinh hpc, cd the thay ndi day loc dp lang trudng cua cay tren nui rat cham, tuy nhien tham thUc vat lai co kha nang chdng chiu cao, phdn Idn la cay chju han, re bam chac vao da de tim nUdc va chdt dinh dUdng. Tham thuc vat chju tac dpng nhieu cua con ngUdi, tat ca cac vung dat thap d cac thung lung co the trong trot dflpc da bi phat quang, tren cac nui da vdi chi con lai cac cay bui, cd va day Ico, hdu nhu cac cay go Idn khdng con, da dang thap hdn nhieu so vdi Cue PhUdng gan dd. Dudi chan nfli la viing ddt ngap nfldc, cd chd ngap nUdc quanh nam da tdn tai nhieu nhdm dpng vat day kha dac trUng nhU Giap xac (cua, tom), Than mem Hai manh v6 (trai, hen), Chan bung d nfldc.
Cac dan lieu ve Than mIm Chan bung d Ninh Binh da cd kha nhieu (Ciic PhUdng, Van Long, Kim Sdn). tuy nhien d khu vUc Trang An co van chua cd. Bai bao nay cung cap ddn lieu ban dau vl nhdm Than mem Chan bung d nUdc va d can trong khu vUc Trang An CO, gdp phdn vao dicu tra da dang sinh hpc d mot ndi vUa cd dia hinh canh quan dac trflng. vfla la ndi du lich tam linh quan trpng cua nfldc ta.
107
D 5 Van NhUdng, Dd Ngpc HuyIn va Luu Thi Thanh Hudng
2. Noi dung nghien cihi
2.1. Dia diem, thbi gian va phuctng phap nghien cihi
* Dia diem nghien cdu: Nhom tac gia tien hanh thu mau dupc xac dinh d khu vUc Trang An co, xa TrUdng Yen, huyen Hoa LU, tinh Ninh Binh.
* Thdi gian nghien cdu: Tien hanh thu mau tfl ngay 3 den ngay 7 thang 7 va tfl ngay 5 den ngay 9 thang 10 nam 2013. Tong so mau phan tich la 1.530 ca the.
* PhUdng phdp nghien cdu:
- Cac vj tri thu mdu dUpc danh ddu tren Hinh 1. Chia thanh 2 khu vUc:
+ Tren can: Cac m§u oc can dupc thu d hai sinh canh tu nhien va nhan tac. Sinh canh tu nhien tuy da bj con ngfldi tac dpng, nhUng khong co ylu td trong trpt nhU cac nui da vdi (chan nui, dinh nui), hang, hdc da. Sinh canh nhan tac chu yeu la vUdn, ddt trong cua dan dia phUdng.
+ Dudi nudc: Cac mdu 6c dupc thu d sinh canh tU nhien la cac ngoi nUdc chay qua cac khu vUc, sinh canh nhan tac la ao, ruong cay lua, dam sen.
- Dinh loai mdu vat:
+ Nhdm Chan bung d nUdc theo cac tai lieu cua Dang Ngpc Thanh, Hd Thanh Hai va nhflng tac gia khac [4-10].
+ Nhom Chan bung tren can theo: Bavay va Dautzenberg, 1908, 1909 [1], Gude F.
Z., 1921 [2].
+ Sap xep mau theo he thdng tu chinh cua Schileyko, 2011 [3].
2.2. K e t q u a n g h i e n cu'u va t h a o l u a n
Budc ddu da phat hien d khu viJc nghien cflu 59 loai va phan loai Than mem Chan bung thuoc 41 giong, 23 hp va 2 phan Idp (Mang trfldc - Prosobranchia; Co phdi - Pulmonata) dupc gidi thieu trdng Bang 1. Trong thanh phdn loai nay, co the rut ra mot so nhan xet sau:
- Cac loai Than mIm Chan bung gap d khu vUc nghien cflu la nhflng loai va phan loai pho bien da gap d cac thuy vUc dong bang Bac Bo, miln nui va nhilu khu vUc tren can d phia Bac Viet Nam, nhU cac loai trong hp Viviparidae, Ampullaridae, Bithyniidae, Bradybaenidae. Streptaxidae, Subulinidae,... [5-9]. Co 3 loai di nhap la 2 loai 6c bUdu vang (Pomacea canaliculata, Pomacea bridgesi) va I loai 6c sen (Achatinafulica). Trong thanh phdn cac loai Chan bung d nUdc, dang lUu y so loai trUdc day v6n pho biin d vung dong bang Bac Bp nhu 6c nhoi (Pila polita, Pila conica) nay rat it gap d cac thuy vUc khu vUc TrUdng Yen.
Ddn lieu budc ddu ve thdn mim chan bung (Gastropoda) khu vuc Trdng An cd'. Truifng Yen,...
Bdng 1. Thanh phan loai vd phdn bd cua Thdn mem Chan bung d khu vUc Trdng An, Trudng Yen, Hoa Lu, Ninh Binh stt
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
~2T 2fi
Thanh phan loai PROSOBRANCHIA Thiaridae
Thiara scabra (Muller, 1774) Tarehia granifera (Lamarck, 1822) Melanoides tuberculata (Muller, 1774) Ampullariidac
Pila polita (Deshayes, 1830) Pila conica (Gray, 1828)
Pomacea canaliculata (Lamarck, 1822) Pomacea bridgesi (Reeve, 1856) Viviparidae
Angulyagra duchieri (Fischer, 1908) Anguiyagra boeltgeri (Heude, 1869) Angulyagra polyzonata (Frauenfeld, 1862) Sinotaia aeruginosa (Reeve, 1863) Cipangopaludina lecythoides Idiopoma umbilicata (Lea, 1856) Bithyniidae
Allocinma longiconu.s (Ben.son) Bithynia fiichsianii (Moellendorff, 1894) Bithynia misella (Gredlcr, 1884) Parufossanihi.'i suiatuhts (Benson, 1842) Assimineidac
Assiininea lutea (Adams, 1861) Cyclophoridac (Gray, 1847) Chamuivcaeits sp.
Cyclophoriis malavaniis (Benson, 1852) Cvclophoru.s mayleusuimis (Moellendorff, 1874)
Cyclophoru!. spciioms (Philipi, 1847) Cyclophoriis .sp. 1
Cyclophoru^ sp 2 Cxclotits sp
Japoiuo murici (Moilcl, 1886)
Phan ho Tren can TV nhien
- ^ -
+ +
+ + + + +
Nhdn tdc
---
Ditdi nudc Tu nhien
+ + +
+ + + + + + + + +
+ Nhdn
tdc
+ + + + +
+ + + + +
+ + + +
D6 Van NhUdng, Do Ngpc Huyen va LUu Thj Thanh HUdng
27 28
29 30
31 32 33
36
"3-7
3r
39 40 41
42 43 44"
45 46 4 / 48 49
Diplommatinidae (L. Pfeiffer, 1857) Diplommatina scolop (Molendorff, 1901) Diplommatina rotundata (Saurin, 1953) Pupinidac (L. Pfeiffer, 1853)
Pupina brachysoma (Bavay & Dautzenberg, 1903)
Pupina dorri (Dautzenberg, 1893) PULMONATA
Planorbidae
Polypylis hemispluierula (Benson, 1842) Gyraidus convexiuscithis (Hutton, 1849) Lymnaeidae
Lymnaea swinhoei (Adams, 1866) Hypsclostomatinidae (Zilch, 1959) Gyliotracheta crossei (Morlel, 1886) Boysidia paviei sp.
Achatinidae (Swainson, 1840) Achatina fiilica (Ferussac, 1822) Subuhnidae (Fischer et Crosse, 1877) Allopeas gracile (Hutton, 1834) Paropeas achatinaceiim (Pffeifer, 1846) Clausiliidac (Morch, 1864)
Tropidauchenia jischeria phasmoides (Grego & Szekezes, 2011)
Tropidauchenia fi.icheri reticulata (Nordsieck, 2002)
Rhytididac (Pilsbry, 1893) Macrocycloides crenulata (Yen, 1939) Streptaxidae (J. Gray, 1860)
Haploptychius costulatus (Moelendorff, 1881)
Hiittonella bicalor (Hutton, 1834) Odontartemon fuchsiaims (Gredler, 1881) Euconulidae (Baker, 1928)
Kaliella haiphtmgensis (Dautzenberg, 1893) Kaliiella .scandens (Cox. 1872)
Ariophantidae (Godwin-Austen, 1888 Macrochlaniys cincta (Mollendorff, 1883) Macrochlamys sp.l
Macrochlaniys sp.2
+ +
+ +
+ + + + +
+
+
+ + + + + + + +
+
-
+ + + +
+ + +
110
Ddn lieu budc ddu ve than mim chdn bung (Gastropoda) khu vuc Trdng An cd'. TrUdng Yen,...
50 51 52 53 54 55 56
57
58 59
Microcystina sp.
Trochomorphidae (MiiUendorff, 1890) Videna sp. 1
Videna sp.2
Videna limorensis (Martens, 1867) Bradybaenidae (Pilsbry, 1939) Bradybaena jourdyi (Morlet, 1886) Bradybaena similaris (Ferussac, 1822) Pseudiberus lamyi (Dautzenberg et Fischer, 1905)
Camaenidae (Pilsbry, 1893)
Camana duporti (Bavay et Dautzenberg, 1909)
Helicidac (Fcrusac, 1822)
Aphanoconia hungerfordiana halongensis (Wagner, 1909)
Plcctopylidac (Mollendorff, 1898) Giideodiscus sp.
TONG:
Tile %:
+ + + + + +
4-
36 61,02
+
+ +
5 8,47
16 27,12
17 28,81 Da gap 6 loai (Angulyagra duchieri, A. hoettgeri, A. polyzonata, Sinotaia aeruginosa, Cipangopaludina lecythoides, Idiopoma umbilicata)) trong 9 loai thuoc ho Viviparidae v6n pho biin d phia Bac nUdc ta, the hien tinh chat dac trUng ciia khu he irai, 6c nfldc ngpt Viet Nam.
- Da dang ve bac phan loai giong va ho. Nhilu giong, hp nhUng ft loai, hp co s6 loai nhilu nhdt chi den 8 loai (Cyclophoridac), 6 loai (Viviparidae), 5 loai (Bithynidae), cac hp khac tfl 1 den 4 loai, phdn Idn tfl 1 den 2 loai (14 hp). Hai loai 6c bUdu vang thuoc giong Pomacea dUdc di nhap vao Viet Nam tfl nhflng nam 1980 rat pho biln d cac thuy VUc vung nay. Cd the nhflng loai di nhap nay da lam cho mot s6 loai ban dia nhfl 6c nhoi va 6c bUdu (Pila polita. Pila conica) bi thu hep theo quy luat canh tranh, v6n trUdc day rdt phd bien d vung trung Ninh Binh.
- Da dang vl kich thUdc, loai cd kich thUdc be nhat la Gyraiilus convexius (2mm), loai CO kich thudc Idn nhat la Achatina fulica (10 cm), phan Idn cac loai co kich thudc nam trong gidi han tfl 3 mm den 3 cm.
- Trong thanh phdn Chan bung tren can, tuy kha da dang ve cac hp (hau nhfl du cac hp da gap d Viet Nam) nhflng the hien sfl ngheo nan vl so Iflpng loai. Co the thay hau nhfl cac loai da gap co kich thudc be (Diplommanitidae, Subulinidae, Streptaxidae, Ariophantidae, Vertiginidae, Euconulidae), dai dien cho sinh canh tu nhien va nhan tac bi tac dpng nhieu cua con ngUdi, s6ng dudi tdng cay bui, it bi phat hien va chiu dUdc dilu kiSn kho ban cua viing nui da voi. Nhflng loai thuoc hp Cyclophoridac (Mang trudc 111
Do V^ NhKdng, D6 Ngpc Huyen va LUu Thi Thanh HuOng
- Prosobranchia) co kich thudc 16n, song fl Mp tham muc diy trong ke da, dudi cac cay g6 Idn cung gap rat it. Loai kich thitdc Mn nhu 6c sen (Achatina fulica) gap nhieu trong sinh canh nhan tac. Co 3 loai thuoc nhom Co phdi (Pulmonata) d nUdc (Polypylis hemisphaerula, Gyraulus convexiusculus vd Lymnaea swinhoei), rit phd bien trong cac thuy vuc.
So sanh hai sinh canh tit nhien va nhan tac cua hai moi tnldng d can va d ntldc cho thay: Sinh canh tu nhien tren can cd sU phong phii ve cac loai 6c can (Pulmonata va Prosobranchia), chiSm tdi 61,02 % tdng s6 loai phan b6; sinh canh nhan tac tren can 8,47
% ; Ci dudi nudc sinh canh tu nhien chiSm 27,12 % va sinh canh nhan tac chiem 28,81 %.
I l l l l l l l l l l I I I
^^y>V/J//^^'^i'^^^^^
Hinh 2. Sd luong loai phdn bo d cdc hp Chdn bung khu vitc Trdng An co, TrUdng Yen, Hoa Lu, Ninh Binh
3. Ket luan
Nhdm tac gia da phat hien d khu vuc Trang An co thuoc xa Trudng Yen, Hoa LU, Ninh Binh 59 loai va phan loai Than mIm Chan bung thuoc 23 hp, 41 gi6ng va 2 phan Idp, S6 lupng Idai cua nhom Chan bung d can chiem ti le nhieu hdn so vdi Chan bung cl nfldc. Tdt ca cac loai da gap trong khu he dIu la cac loai pho biln d cac thuy vflc vung ddng bang va vung nui phi'a Bac nUdc ta ke ca d nUdc va ci can. S6 lupng loai nhilu nhat thuoc vl hp Cyclophoridac d can va hp Viviparidae d moi trudng nUdc, cac hp khac cd so loai it hdn.
Thanh phan loai Chan bung da dang vl bac gidng va hp, nhung kem da dang ve bac loiii. Ddi vdi mdi trfldng nfldc, cac loai di nhap nhfl 6c bUdu vang da thu hep mot s6 loai 6c nhoi ban dia von trUdc day phong phu nay rdt hiem gap. Tac dpng cua moi trUdng da anh hudng den da dang vl loai va kfch thUdc cua cac loai Chan bung cf can, phan Idn gap cac loai cd kich thudc nho, song dUdi tan cay bui.
112
Ddn lieu budc dau vi thdn mim chdn bung (Gastropoda) khu vuc Trdng An co, TrUdng Yen,...
Dang chii y din hai loai 6c bUdu vang (Pomacea canaliculata, P. bridgesi) di nhap da lam cho hai loai 6c nhoi (Pila polita, P. conica) trong cung hp rdt it gap d cac thdy vUc Uong khu vuc nghien cflu.
Sinh canh tu nhien tren can cd so loai phong phu hdn sinh canh nhan tac, sinh canh tiJ nhien va nhan tac 6 mdi trudng nUdc tUdng dupng nhau ve so lupng loai.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
[1] Bavay et Dautzenberg, 1908. Description de Coquilles nouvelles de L'lndo-Chine.
Journal de Conchyliogie. 56:169-217; 57: 81-105; 163-205; 60:1-54.
[2] G. L. Gude, 1921. The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. London, p. 370.
[3] A. Schileyko, 2011. Check-list of land pulmonate molluscs of Vietnam (Gastropoda : Stylommatophora). Ruthenica, Vol. 21, No. 1: pp. 1-68.
[4] Dang Ngpc Thanh, Thai Trdn Bai va Pham Van Mien, 1980. Dinh loai ddng vat khdng xUOng song nudc ngpt Bac Viet Nam. Nxb Khoa hoc va Ky thuat. Ha Noi, tr.
440-490.
15] Dang Ngpc Thanh, Hd Thanh Hai va DUPng Ngpc Cudng, 2003. Thanh phdn loai cua hp dc Nhoi Ampullaridae Gray, 1824 d Viet Nam. Tap chi Sinh hoc 25(4), u.
1-5.
16] Dang Ngpc Thanh, Ho Thanh Hai va Dupng Ngpc Cudng, 2003. Ddn lieu mdi vi nhdm trai, oc nudc ngpt Viet Nam. Nhung vdn de nghien cdu co ban trong khoa hpc susong. Nxb Khoa hpc va Ky thuat, tr. 731-733.
[7] Dang Ngpc Thanh, Ho Thanh Hai va Duong Ngpc Cudng, 2004. Ho dc Van (Viviparidae - Gastropoda) d Viet Nam. Tap chf Sinh hoc 26(2), tr. 1 -5.
[8] Dang Ngpc Thanh va Ho Thanh Hai, 2006. Phdn loai phdn hp dc Triculinae (Hydrobiidae - Prosobranchia) d Viet Nam. Tap chi Sinh hpc 28( I), tr. 8-18.
[9] Dang Ngpc Thanh va Ho Thanh Hai, 2007. Hp 6c nUdc ngot Pachychiilidae Troschel.
1857 (Gastropoda - Prosobranchia) d Viet Nam. Tap chf Sinh hpc 29(2), tr. 1-8.
ABSTRACT
Preliminary data of an investigation of gastropods in Trang An area, Truong Yen Commune, Hoa Lu District, Ninh Binh Province A study of Gastropods in the Trang An area, Truong Yen Commune, Hoa Lu District, Ninh Binh Province, was carried out from July 3-7 and October 5-9, 2013.
59 species, belonging to 41 genera, 23 families and 2 subclasses were recorded. The number of Subclass Prosobranchia species is greater than that of subclass Pulmonata. The total number of aquatic gastropod species is nearly the same total species of terrestrial gastropods. In general, taxa of families and genera are more diverse than that of species.
Natural terrestrial habitats contain more species than do artificial habitats, that is also true for freshwater. Invasive species (Pomacea canaliculata. P. bridgesi) has a great affect on the distribution of native species (Pila polita, P. conica) of the same family.
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