HOAN THIEN CHINH SACH iTU DAI NGlJdl CO CONG VOII CACH MANG 6 VIET NAM HIEN NAY
ThS. VU THI LAN HlTONG*
CUnb sicb uu dii ngudi cd cdngli m0t trong nhung cbinb sicb uu Uin xuyin sudt qui ttinh dch mang cia Ding vi Nbi nudc ta. Pbit buy truyin tbdng dao If tdt dfp 'Udng nudcnbdngudn' ciadin tdc, nbdngnim qua, DingviNbinudcdixiydmigdccbidi diingdnbim tdng budc ning cao ddi sdng v$t cbit, tlnh tbin ddl vdlngudicd cdng, gdp phin dn dinb cbinb tri, gid vdng thi chi, tao dliu kiin cbo pbit triin dit nudc ttong tiii dn djnb vi bin vdng. Tuy nhiin, viic thgc biin cbinb sicb ddi vdi ngudi cd cdng vin cdn m0tsdbitdp, cbinb id viy, dfip tgcboin thiin chlnh sich niyli vin dibitsdcdn tiiiit biin nay.
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ghi quyfit Dai hfli Dang lan tad XI ndu rfl: "Huy dflng mpi ngudn lue xa hpi eung Nhi nude chim lo tfit hon dfli sdng vit chit, titta taSn eho itaflng ngudi va gia dinh efl eflng vdi eich mang''.Cfl tad nfli, chlnh sieh dfli vfli ngufli cd cflng (NCC) dS trd taSrta mflt trong rtaflng ehinh sSeh uu tidn xuyen suflt qui trinli cich mang cda Ding vi Nhi nude ta. Thue hifln tfit ehlnh sieh dfii vdi NCC se gdp phin tauc hien Ugn bd vi cflng hing xS hfli, phit trien bfin vftng dit nuflc.
1. Vfi taye hign chfnh sich uu dii NCC vfii cich m^iig
Kg tatla vi phit huy truydn thdng tflt dpp "Uflng nudc rtad ngudn, den on dip nghia" eda din tdc, ngay tu nhiing ngiy diu khing chign chong taye dSn Phip (nSm 1947), Chd tieh Hfl Chi Minh da quyfit dinh ehgn ngiy 27/7 IS ngiy Thuong bmh - Ligt sy nhim tfin vmh vS td Iflng biflt on doi vfli tauong binh, benh binh, gia d'mh
lidt sy - nhflng NCC vdi eSeh mang. Vide chim sdc, uu dii NCC vdi cSeh mang cfl f nghla cbitta tri, xa hfli to ldn vS dS ttd taSnh nguyen tie duge ghi nhin trgng Hiin phip nude Cflng hfla xi bfli ehi nghia Vigt Nam.
Didu 59 Hiin phip nim 2013 ngu ro: "Nha nudc, xS hfli tfln vinh, khen thudng, thuc bien ehinh sScb uu dii dfii vdi ngufli c6 edng vfli nudc". Diy l i yfiu tfi nhim thuc bien sy Hfin bfl vi edng bSng xS hdi, gdp phSn dn dirta chirta tri, tauc diy sy nghigp dfii mdi phit flifin.
Nhfmg nim qua, dfi eu tad hfia quan diem, dudng 161 eia Ding, Nhi nudc da ban bitta eflng nhu bo sung, sua ddi nhidu van ban phip luit uu dii doi vdi NCC, khic phye eie difim bit hgp 1)^, giii quyfit mpt khfii lugng lfln eflng vige do bin qui cua chign ttanh de Iai, binh tainh hg tadng vSn ban phip quy cfl higu lue tauc hign taflng
* Trudng Dai hoc Lao d$ng v i Xa h§i
TAP CHl Q U A N LY N H A NUdC - Sd 234 (7/2015)
NGHliN ctfu-TRAd Ddl nbSt trong c i nuflc, phue vy eho ydu eiu
eua giai doan mdi.
Cung vdi qui trirta doi mdi dat nuflc, edng tic uu dai NCC vdi eieh mang ngiy eing dugc die biet quan tim. Van kidn eie Dai hgi Ding toin qufic lin tad VI, vil, VIII ttong tadi ky ddi mdi dSt nude ddu xSe dirta ro:coiphsttrien kmh tfi IS co sdvS tifin dfi dfi tauc Men eSc ehinh sSch xS bpi, taye hign tot ehinh sSeh xi hgi li dgng lye taic dSy phit tridn kinh tg; quan tim, eham sdc thuong binh, benh bmh, gia dirta Ugt sy vS NCC vdi eieh mang... vda li ttich nhifim cia Nhi nudc, vua la ttich nhiem cia nhin dSn.
Kg tada vi pbit trifin Phip linh Uu dai ngtrdi boat dgng each mang, Uet sy vi gia dinhllitsy, thuangbinh, binh binh, ngadi boat ddng khing chiin, NCC gup da each mang (nim 1994), Nhi nudc ta da ban hSnh Phip linh Uu dii NCC vol cich mang (PhSp lenh sfi 26/2005/PL-UBTVQH il).
DSy IS mdt budc tifin Idn trong viec phip difin hda pbip luit im dai NCC vfli cieb mang, la su kg thua, chgn Ige vi phSt trifin nhfmg bii hpe eua nua tafi ky qua vdi mgt hd tadng trdn 1.400 vin bin quy dirta vg ehinh sSeh uu dii dfii voi NCC vdi each mang. Vdi vide ban hinh Phap linh niy, nhifiu vin dfi cfln tfln tai trong eie chinh sicb uu dii trudc diy da dugc difiu chirta phu hgp vdi Unh hinh mdi, nhu ip dyng taflng rihit muc trg cip gifla thuong binh hiring luong vS tauong hirta hudng sinh boat phi khi bi thuong; gifla tauong binh dang cflng tic hay nghi huu vdi thuang binh vfi dia phuang efl eung ty Ig tauong tat; tbuc hign eflng bing ttong chinh sSeh gifta NCC thoit ly vS khflng thoSt ly, eSn bin tieh chg do uu dii ttong chinb sicb bio bifim xi hfli ehuydn sang ehfnh sieh ira dai xS hfli (nhu taSm nidn khing ehidn, phy cip dfii vdi ein bd lao tbinh eSch mang.
Atta hung Lue lugng vfl trang nhSn dSn, Arta hung Lao dgng...).
Nim 2012, Uy ban Thudng vu Qufic hfli ban hinh Phap lenh sfi 04/2012/
UBTVQHI3 sua doi, bd sung mgt sfl didu cua Phap linh Uu dai NCC vdi each mang;
ngiy 09/4/2013, Chinh p h i ban hSrta Nghi dinh sfi 31/2013/ND-CP quy dinh chi tifit, huflng din thi hirta mgt sfi didu eia Phip linh. Theo dfl, nhieu quy dinh tifip tye duge sua dfii, bd sung cfl lgi cho ddi tugng tay hudng chirta sieli... Cy tad, Nhi nude taye hign ttg eSp hing taSng dfli vdi ngudi boat dgng eSeh mang hoSe boat dpng khing chign bi dich bit, tu diy; bd sung trg eip ngudi phye vy Bi me Viet Nam Anh hung, ngudi boat dpng khing chign bi nhifim ehit dde hda hge suy giam khi ning lao dflng tu 81% ttd lgn; ttg cSp ngudi bnat dflng khing chign hi nhidm ehat dfle hda hge duge chia lim 4 mdc taay vi 2 mue nhu trudc diy...
De tridn khai thuc hien cie quy dirta eda Phap lenh, Bfl Lao dflng, Thuong binh vi Xa lifli dS ban hSnb Thflng tu so 05/2013/TT-BLDTBXH ngiy 15/5/2013 hudng dan vd tai tyc lip hd so, quSn ly hd sa, tauc hien ehg dfl ira dai NCci vdi cich mang vi thin nhin; dflng thdi, phfii hgp vfli Bfl Quoc phflng ban hirta Thflng tu hgn tich sfl 28/2013/nLT-BLDTBXH-BQP ngiy 22/10/2013 hudng din xie nhin ligt sy, tauong binh, ngufli hudng ehinh sieh rihu tauong binh ttong chign tranh khflng cdn giSy td...
Nhu vay, cung vdi quS trinh phit trien kinh tg - xa hfli, chg do uu dai NCC dS ttmg bufie dupc hoin thign, md rflng vi ning cao. Dien tau hudng chirta saeh uu dSi d i md rflng tu 3 - 4 nhdm doi tugng lgn tdi 12 nhdm doi tugng khie nhau; eie ehinh sieh uu dai xa hpi khflng chi tip trung vio ehfi
TAP CHl Q U A N Vi NHA NtfdC - Sd 234 (7/2015)
dfl ttg cip, phy eSp mS edn md rflng dfin eSc linh vyc giSo dye, dSo tao vS bio dim rtaS d eho rtadm dfli tugng nSy...
Theo taflng kg eda Bfl Lao dflng, Thucmg binh vi Xi hgi, ci nudc hien ed tten 8,8 tiieu NCC, ehifim gSn 10% din sfi.
Trong dd, cfl 1.146.250 Uet sy, 49.609 BS me Viet Nam Atta hung, 781.021 tauong binh vS nguoi hudng ehinh sieh nhu thuang binh, 185.000 tauong bmh loai B, 1.253 Anh hung Lue lugng vfl trang, Anh hung Lao dflng trong khang chidn, 101.138 NCC gidp dd each mang, 186.137 ngudi boat dflng khSng chifin hi nhidm chit dfle hfla hoc vi con de ngufli boat dflng khing chifin hi nhidm chit dfle hfla hpe, 109.468 nguoi boat dgng khSng ehidn hi dieh bit ta diy, khoing ban 4,1 trigu ngiroi boat dflng khing chifin giai phflng dSn tfle,... Hifin efl ttdn 1,47 tridu ddi tupng NCC dang hudng ttg cap uu dai hing taing cia NhS nuflc.
Dd thye hien ehSm sfle y td eho NCC, NhS nudc dS xiy dimg cic ttung tim difi'u duflng cho tauong bmh, bdnh bmh, cie khu didu duflng eho NCC vdi cich mang.
Bdn carta dd, nhim ho ttg NCC ehd dflng taam gia vio thi trudng lao ddng, NhS nudc cflng ban hirta mfltsfi binh tade hd trg dfli tugng cbitta sieh ttong vide vay von vdi ISi suit taip nhim tao vipc lim vS giai quydt vige ISm, nhu Chuong tr'mh 327, Chugng tilnh vay vfin tu quy qude gia giSi quygt vide lam, Chuong tr'mh xda ddi, giim ngheo...
Dflng tadi, khuydn khieh cic doanh nghidp, cic eo sd sin xuSt nhin nhimg dfii tugng chinh sSeh vio lim vide. De gidp ddNCC efl noi d dn dinh, Nhi nudc ip dung mflt sfi hlnh tade, nhir tang nhi fltta nghla, ho ttg kinh phi dfi su dung vi sda chfla nbi d, ho ttgmgt phan hoic toin bp fldn khi mua nhS eda Nha nude hoSe khi giao dSt ISm nhS d.
Cic bidn phip, chinh sich hgn quan ddn
bio dim nhi d vfli NCC lufln dupc DSng, Chinh p h i quan tim vi hcSn taign.
Hing nim, ngin sSeh trung uong ddu big dim diy di, kip tadi kitta phi dfi tauc hign cic chfi dfl dfii vdi NCC. Giai doan 2005 - 2011 d i bfi tii ttfin 106 nghm tyddng, ttong dfl nim 2011 taye hign ttdn 24,7 nghin ty dfing eho dfii wgng NCC. Con sS niy tang ldn khoang 26 nghin ty ddng n5m 2012 va 30 nghin t^ dfing nSm 2013. Nim 2014, tfing ngin sich chi uu dSi NCC khoing 32.390 ty ddng. Thdm vio dfl, vdi viflc taay dfii mde ttg eSp, phy eSp eia Nghi dinh sfi 101/2012/ND-CP ban hSnh ngSy 04/09/2013, ddi song NCC vi gia dinh cua hg da timg bude duge eSi thign. Theo thfing kd, Ul taSng 01/2008 ddn nay, Chinh phi da 7 Ian difiu cbitta mue chuan ttg cSp uu dai NCC, tu 470.000 dong/thing (nim 2007) len 1.220.000 dfing/taSng (nSm 2013), cao hon muc luong tfii thifiu ehung (1.150.000 dfing/thSng). Mue chuan trg cap uu dai NCC vdi eieh mang duge xie dinh vi didu ehinh tuong iing vdi muc chi tigu binh quin toin xa hfli efl Unh dgn ehi sd trugt giS vS ty Ig (%) mtic tang trudng kinh tg (phu hpp vdi t'mh hirta kirta tg - xa hgi cda dat nude) eung voi lfl trirta eai eSch, didu chinh muc tifin Iuong. Nhd vay, hign ed khoing 95% gia dinh NCC ed miie sdng trung binh trd lgn so vdi mde sfing dSn eu tai dia bin noi eu tru.
Dfi tifip tiJC taye hien tfit ehinh sich uu dai NCC, ngiy 27/10/2013, Thu tudng Chmh phu dS ban hSnh Chi tai sfi 23/CT- TTg vg tdng rS soat vifie thyc hign chinh sich uu dai doi voi NCC vdi cich mang, trien khai trong nSm 2014 - 2015. Diy la eufic tdng r i soit cd quy mfl ldn nhit tit truflc dgn nay, udc khoing 4,8 trigu ngudi trong dign ri soit, ttong dd tap trung vSo 7 nhdm dfli tugng ehfnh gflm: Udt sy vS gia
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TAP CHl Q U A N Vi N H A Ntfdc - sd 234 (7/2015)NGHliN ctfu-TRAdD6|
dinh ligt sy; Bi me Viet Nam Anh hflng;
tauong birta, benh bmh; ngudi boat ddng khing chifin nhifim ehit dfic hda hgc; NCC giup dd eieh mang; cuu taanh nidn xung phong khing chifin. Cuflc tdng r i soat chirta sich uu dai NCC cd y nghia vfl eflng to ldn, tafi hien tmh eim, ttich ttaiem eda lirta dao Ding, NhS nude eflng rtau hon 90 trigu ngudi dSn Vigt Nam vdi eSe hdt sy, tauong binh, NCC vdi eSch mang. Theo dd, dS rS soit 2.070.151 doi tugng NCC, trgng dd sfi dfii tugng hudng dung, hudng du chinh sich l i 1.982.108 ngudi, ehidm ty 16 gin 96%; sfi doi tugng hudng ehua dSy du chirta sicb li 86.201 ngudi, chifim t^ 16 ttdn 4%; sfi dfii tugng hudng sai chirta sieh l i 1.872 ngitdi, ehifim ty lg 0,09%.
Nhu viy, mac du vide tauc hifin chirta sSeh dfii vdi NCC vg co b i n li ddng dfli tugng, kip tafli gian, nbung cfl thd taiy, tinh ttang khai man, gian Ian bo so NCC dd hudng chmh sieh uu dSi cia NhS nude vSn edn xiy ra d mgt sfi dia phuong. Theo bio eio cua Bg Lao dpng, Thutmg binb vi Xi hfli cho taiy, Utnim 2008 - 2013, qua taanh tra, kiem tra da phit hign vi dinh ehi trg eip 7.085 doi tugng do khflng d i difiu kidn hudng, trong dd ed 4.016 ngudi khflng d i didu kign birdng ehinh sich thuong binb;
tau hdi gin 76 ty dflng nop ngin sich itaS nudc. Ri soit hfl so NCC da phit hign flnh trang Igi dyng vigc di ehuyfin hd sa tu cic tinh phia Bic vio cic tinh phia Nam de hudng ehfi dfl. Kgt qui, phit hign 331 bfl so giS mao boSn toSn (rigng nam 2012, di phSt liien 258 hfi so gii mao duge tU ehuyfin dfin 33 tinh, tainh phfi ttong c i nudc). Trgn ca sd dd, d i kifin nghi xd ly ky luit 134 cin bg cfi sai pham hoae taifiu ttaeh rtaidm trong vigc lip vi xSe rtain hfi so.
Bgn canh dd, mac du cd su quan tim hfl ttg cua NhS nude vS xS hfli nhung ddi sfing
cua mgt bfl phan NCC cfln gSp khfl khan, nhit li d mien mli, vung siu, virng xa. Nim 2011, vin cdn 5% bfl gia dmh NCC ed muc song dudi trung b'mh tai dia bin noi eu tri.
Chg dp ehim sdc site khde cho NCC vi tain itaincdnhanehg. Mite ttg eip choeoneua NCC di hge edn taSp, ehua bio dam eho vigc smh boat vi hpc tip. Chg do uu dii vd dit d, dit sin xuSt, taud, tin dyng, vide ISm quy dinh tai Phap linh Uu dii NCC vol cich mang chua dugc mdt sfi eo quan ehuc ning cd taSm quyen hudng din tridn khai. NhS d cua eic doi tugng NCC duge hfl trg tu rtaidu ngudn, qua nhieu thdi ky, ddn nay cdn khging 72 nghin hd gia d'mh NCC sfing trong eie ngfii n h i da xuflng eSp, can sua ehua.
Cflng tie quin ly rtai nude eua ehinh quygn casddmgtsfldia phugng ttong taye liien chirta sieh dfii vdi NCC cdn rtaifiu bit cap. Mdt sfi vSn bin quy pham phSp luit budng dantayehign Phap linh Uu dil NCC vdi each mang chua diy du, thigu tafing itaSt. Quy dirta hudng din ve difiu kien, tifiu chuin, quy trinh, trach nhifim xac rtain NCC chira ddng bfl, taifiu hpp ly; cd ndi dung qui "khit khe", giy khd khin eho dfii tugng; efl nfli dung qui "tadng taoing", tao kfi hd cho phin td xau lgi dyng, dan dfin tigu cue. Mdt so quy dinh chua sit tauc tidn khign vige tridn khai gap khd khin, ttau chfi dfl dfii voi ngudi boat ddng khing ehidn, tad tuc, hfl so hudng trg cip...
2. Mfit sfi giii phip nhim tigp ti;c hoin thign chfita sich uu dif NCC
Dfi tigp tye hoin taign chinh sieh uu dii NCC, dip ling yfiu can cua tadi ky mdi, cin ehu ttgng mdt sfi giai phSp sau:
Mgt la, ting eudng quin trigt eae quan difim cia DSng, ehinh sich, phip luat cua NhS nude ve ehSm sdc NCC. Tigp tue ban hSnh cic vin bin, quyfit dinh, elii tai phu
TAP CHl QUAN Vi NHA NUdc - sd 234 (7/2015)
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hgp vdi tmh hinh tauc tfi eda ttmg dia phuong; edsuphfiibgp taudng xuygn, chit che gifla cie cap, cac ngSnh ehuc ning trong qua ttinh taye thi ehinh sieh vdi NCC. HoSn thidn ehuta sieh doi vdi NCC taeo hudng ngan ngua dfii tapng lpi dyng chinh sach dd gian lin hudng cbd dp uu dai. Ngoii ra, can bd sung mflt so nfli dung, nhu: huflng dSn vide xac nhan thuong binh, lidt sy trong didu kien hoSn einh mdi; thuc hidn uu dSi ngufli boat dflng each mang trudc nim 1945 vi tu nim 1945 dgn tiiflc tfing khdi nghia 19/8/1945. Sda ddi, bd sung mflt sfl chfi dfl uu dai vd giSo due - dao tao, cham sdc sue khde, chd dfl trg cSp... doi vfli NCC dfi vigc uu dai xa hpi duge dfing bfl, dSy du vi cd Urta khoa hpe, hgp ly, tranh phit smh tigu cue.
Hal li, day manh boat dpng eia hg taflng ehinh tri tauc hien chlnh sach dot vfli NCC; ISm tfit eflng tSe phdi hpp gifla cac ngSnh, eSe cap, eSe doSn thfi ehiita tri - xa hfli, ting cuflng eflng tie tuyen truyfin tren eic phuong Hen thflng tin dai ehung nhim giup nhan thue dung din vfi bin chit cua chinh sSeh uu dSi NCC, dac bidt chu ttpng dfin eae bign phip hfl trg NCC vi tain nhSn cua hp chu ddng taam gia vio tai tnrdng lao dpng, nSng eao thu nhap.
Day manh phong trSo dfin an dap nghia, huy dflng mpi ngufln lye tii ehinh tu xS hfli, cSe td ehuc, doanh nghidp vS nguod din; tan dung eSe ngufln lue tSi ehinh tu nuflc ngoSi, kidu bSo dd tauc hidn cSe chuong tr'mh eham sde NCC. Diy nhanh tidn dp taye hidn eic chd dfl, ehinh sSch ho trg cac gia dinh ehinh sSeh eSi taien nbS d. Trong dd chu trgng dgn tdng mde trg eip thuong xuydn vi dflt xuit nhim bao dim NCC vS gia d'mh cua hp efl duge cuflc sflng d mde trung binh chung trong cflng ddng.
Ba la, ehi dao eie dja phuong ISm tdt edng tSc thuong binh, ligt sy, ehSm soe NCC. Kign toSn dfli ngu eSn bfl lim edng tie ehinh sieh, bao dam vfi phSm ehSt dao due, ning luc ehuyfin mfln; du kha nSng taam mira eho cip uy ding, chinh quy&
thuc hidn ed hidu qui dudng lfli, chu trutmg cua Dang, ehinh sich, phSp luSt eua Nhi nude dfii vdi NCC. Cd co chd khuyfin khieh tii ehinh thda ding dd ddi ngu cin bfl taye tai eflng tie nSy hoan thSnh nhiem vu. Thye hien dfii mfli cflng tie quan ly, taye hign eai each hinh chinh, tSng cudng cflng tae thanh tra, kidm tra ehflng eSc hien tupng tigu cue trong vide tauc hien ehe dfl, chinh sich dfii vdi NCC.
CSe ea quan bio vfi phip luit eSn tang eudng phit hign, kifin quyfit dua ra khod to vi xu ly nghigm minh eSc vu viee, vu an vi pham ehinh sieh uu dSi eua Dang vS Nhi nude ddi vdi NCC, bSo dam tinh ran de dS phflng ngua tieu cue xiy ran
Oiii thicb;
1. Dang CSng san Vigt Nam. Vin kien Dai hqi dai biiu toan qudc lin thuXL H. NXB Chinii tri qudc gia - Sutaat, 2011.
TiiUiutbamkbio:
1. Hoi nghi Trung uong 5 khoa XI. Tiidng bao Hql nghi lin thu 5 Ban Chip binh Irang • uong Dang khda XI.
2. Phap lenh Uu dai ngudi c6 cdng vol each mang sS 26/2005/PL-UBTVQH
3. Phap lgnh sS 04/2012/UBTVQH13 sia doi, bd sung mpt sd dieu cua Phip lgnh Uu dai ngufli c6 cSng vfli cich mgng.
4. Mai Ngpc Cuong. IVfdtsdvan di cabin vl chinh sich xa hqi d Viet Nam hi&n nay. H. NXB Chinh tti quoc gia - Sutait, 2013.
5. Bp Lao dpng, Thuang binh va Xa hfii Chinh sach uu dai ngudi cd cdng Nhiiu thaj ddi ldn cbo ddl tugng, 2014.
6. Mai Ngpc Anh. Chlnh sicb xa hii ddi vdi ngudi cd cdng d Viet Nam: Thuc trang vi khuyin nghi. Tap chi Kinh td va Phat ttidn sfi 181, taing 7/2012.
