TCNCYH PhtJ truxyng 79 (2) - 2012
years is 32%, In conclusion, the physical activity habits and lifestyle are issues related to new public health in rural areas and is now one of the risk factors causing chronic diseases related to nutrition nursing. The findings in this study was the basis for scientists to build reasonable die- tary advice in accordance with the population living in rural population.
Keywords: lifestyle, adults, physical activity, plain and coastal
PHAN TiCH c a CAU BOA AN Cf HO GIA DJNH VIET NAM GIAI OOAN 1990-2010
Le Thj Hpip, Le Danh Tuyen Viin Dinh duang Bie diim bi>a in truyin thing ngudi Vipt Nam thiin vi thpc phim nguin gic thpc vit (gao, vimg, rau) eung vdi ci dupe xem li cd lai cho sire khde xit theo kiin thirc dinh dudng hipn dpi Phin tich si liiu Ting diiu Ira lu 1985 din 2010 eho thiy ed sp biin ddng vi ea ciu cie chit sinh ning lupng tmng khiu phin eia nhin din ta. Co ciu sinh ning luang tU nguin glucid (earbonhydrales), tir protein vi chit bio(G:P L) nim 1985 li 82,6 11,2 6,2 thi hiin nay G:P:L li 66.3: 15.9. 17.8 Biy li mire ca ciu sinh ning luang duac col li tuong dii If tudng. Diiu niy cho thiy mue tiiu thu luang thpc - thpc phim ciia nhin din ta dupe cii thiin theo chiiu hudng lit iin rd rit nhung cung cin ed nhOng huimg din dinh duang hap If kip thai di trinh nhu'ng bien dii nhanh qui mire khdng ed loi cho site khde. Mil khic dn luu f din su khie biit vi mire liiu thu luong thue -thuc phim d nhdm dii tupng khic nhauvi cic vung khic nhau di dinh hudng cie lopi hinh can thiip theo vimg miin vi dii tuang khic nhau cho phU hpp.
Tip khoa: ca clu khiu phln, ty s u i t ciia protein, lipid va carbohydrate I.DATVAND^
Tir lau, ngypi ta da bilt an uing Id mpt v l n d l khpa hpe vd mang tinh van hda xa hpi.
An uong nham d i n dieh culi ciing la giiip cho con ngyiri khoe mgnh, phat triln tit. Do do.
phai dya tren cp sp khpa hpc nghien ciru nhu c l u dinh dud'ng eiia ep the v l nang lypng, nhu cau cac ehlt dinh dyd'ng, vitamin vd ehlt khoang d l xdy dyng cp c l u khau phln hpp ly, can del, dap u'ng du dinh dyd'ng cho ep t h i . Chiln lypc Quic gia v l Dinh du&ng trong eae giai dogn vira qua va hidn nay d"
nupc ta d l u nhin mgnh d i n tam quan trpng cua vide dam bao v l n d l an uing eua nhdn dan. Theo ddi nhu'ng biln doi cp e l u khiu phan an ludn ludn la cdng vide can thilt vi nd lien quan den vide Igp ke hogch san xult
lupng thyc - thyc phim (LT-TP). d i n tdng trypng va phat triln cp t h i , den tinh trang cac bgnh mgn tinh. v l n de an ninh vd gn tpan LT- TP cung nhy nhu'ng v l n d l lidn quan p ngudi cao tuli [1, 2]
Bap cap nay trinh bay mpt s l kit qua phdn tich CP e l u bO'a an hp gia dinh Viet Nam thdng qua cae k i t qua T i n g Bleu tra dinh dyd'ng thyc hien thee ehu ky 10 nam (tir nam 1980 ddn 2010) nham danh gia mire dp cai thien ve cp c l u khau phdn ma Nghi quyit Dgi hpi Dang IV (12/1976) 38 ndu ra nhidm vu giai quyit v l n de an cua nhan ddn sau ngdy d i t nyd'c thing nhlt [3], II. PHU'ONG PHAP NGHIEN CLTU
1. Thu thap sd lieu k h i u p h l n trcng cac cugc T i n g D i l u trg Dinh dypng.
TCNCYH Phu truxyng 79 (2) - 2012 Dieu tra Ithliu ph^n va hp gia dinh du-p'c
chon tren nen m l u dai dien cho vung sinh thai vaqu6c gia,
Phu'O'ng phap thu thap so lieu: hoi chu hd va cac thanh vien hd, ket hep vd'i can do kidm tra cac dyng cu c^n dong thi/c pham hang ngay 6 hp gia dinh trong khoang thoi gian nhat (^nh (tLF 3 - 7 ngay)
Tinh LTTP tieu thg binh quan dau ngu'd'i:
cd 2 khai ni^m khac nhau la s6 LLTP (gam) sin cd tinh binh quan dau ngu'd'i va s6 gam LTTP an vao thi/c te hang ngay binh quan d^u ngudi.
Do so li^u khau phan khong tuan theo quy Iuat chuin nen test Wileoxon du-p-c su dung.
2. Xu> ly sd lieu
SLP dyng bang Thanh phan hda hpc Thu-c an Viet Nam de tinh toan mu'c tieu thu LTTP va cac chit dinh dud-ng, vi chit va khoang chit du'pc tieu thy.
Tinh binh quSn dau ngu'd'i sau dd su' dung so lipu CO- cau dan so tu- cac bd s6 lieu T6ng D'lkii tra dan so trud'c dd g i n nhat d4 tinh theo quydn sd cho so lieu vung va s6 lieu toan quoc
Chl tinh so gam LTTP an vao thuc te hang ngay binh quan dau nguxyi, khi tinh so luvng gam an vao khdng tinh nuvc chim, nuuc canh.
Gia trj dinh duung du^c tinh cho tat ca LTTP tieu thu (gom ca nuuc chim, nuuc canh).
Ml. K^T QUA
1. MiOc tieu thu Ivvng thu-c thu'c phim binh quan dlu ngu'd'i ngay nam 2009 - 2010 Hinh 1 trinh bay tong luang lu-cyng thuc - thyc phim an vao binh quan dau ngudi hang ngay theo di^u tra tai-c tidp tai hd gia dinh (khdng tinh nude cham va cac loai rupu bia) nam 2009- 2010 la 877,2 gam - cao han so vdi k i t qua cua nhu-ng cudc dilu tra trudc: 782,2 g vao nam 1985, nam 1989 - 1990 la 765,3 va den nam 2000 la 815,3 g.
so gamLTTP an vao Mtig ngay ngu&i
Hinhl 1. S6 gam LT-TP tidu thu binh quan ddu ngyd'i qua cac s6 lieu Ting Dilu tra Dinh dyd'ng - Bp Y td
225
TCNCYH Phu truung 79 (2) - 2012
1200 0 1000 0 son 0 feoo 0 '^OO 0 2 0 0 0 0 0
tn••^.? (|.
i
•-—•
19,35
1 ooi 0 00:
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
eo; 7o;
6 0 ; .50;
4 0 ; 3 0 ; 2 0 ; 1 0 ; 0 00;
H i n h 2. Ty t r o n g t h u c a n n g u o n g o c d p n g v a t s o v o i t o n g s o t i e u t h u c a c n a m Ket qua nghien c u u ( h i n h 7) c h o Ihay I inh Iheo so g a m thu'C p h a n t r a m sd g a m LTTP ma n g u o i dan Viet N a m an vao h a n g ngay qua cac t h o i ky co the t h a y ro s u thay ddi trong tieu thu LTTP cua n h a n d a n ta tii' nam 1985 den nay dac biet la thu'c a n n g u o n g d c d p n g vat Lu-ong t h u c an ngudn goc d o n g vat l a n g tu' 91 g a m nam 1985, len d e n 118.7 g a m n a m 2000 va 188 gam nam 2010 N a m 1985 p h a n tram t h u c p h a m n g u o n g d c d d n g vat a n v a o la 12%, nam 1990 la 1 0 % n a m 2 0 0 0 la 1 5 % va nam 2 0 1 0 la 2 1 % Su' thay ddi tren lam t h a y ddi c o cau cac chat smh nhiet trong khau p h a n thay doi ro ret Su' tang len c u a t h u c an n g u d n g d c ddng vat ca ve so l u o n g va p h a n t r a m trong khau p h a n tu' n a m 1985 d e n 2 0 1 0 co y n g h l a t h d n g ke rd ret (p
< 0 01 test Wileoxon) Didu nay khang i5inh co' cau k h a u p h a n (tinh t h e o p h a n tram nang l u o n g ) a n u o c ta da di theo quy Iuat thay ddi cua cac q u o c gia khi thu n h a p q u o c dan theo binh quan dau n g u o tang len
::^:^^:!QUi&::k!<SQ<:<^^^'
H i n h 3. T h a y d o i co- c a u k h a u p h a n t h e o t h u n h a p
Kdt q u a n g h i e n cu'u (hinh 3 j c h o thay khi thu n h a p b i n h q u a n d ^ u n g u d i t a n g len thi luffng Glucid (tmh bot) t r o n g k h i u p h l n g i a m , m u c tieu thu d l u m d , d u d n g va protein t a n g len Boi v d i lipid k h a u p h l n thi lu-o'ng m d d d n g vat t a n g va d l u thu'c vat c d xu h u d n g g i a m h a n . Tu'O'ng tu' nhu' lipid k h a u p h l n , protein n g u d n gdc d o n g vat t a n g len va protein n g u d n g d c t h y c vat giam dl trong k h i u p h l n cua cac gia d i n h cd thu n h a p b i n h q u a n t a n g len
TCNCYH Phu truung 79 (2) - 2012 2. Thay ddi vd can ddi nang lu-crng khdu phdn
Bang 1. Thay ddi c c cdu nang tu'O'ng khdu phdn 6' nu'd'c ta 1985 - 2010
Gia trj dinh du'd'ng
Nang tu'O'ng (Kcal)
% nang lu'p'ng do.
Protein Lipid Glucid
Nam 1985 n:773
X 1925
11,2 6,2 82,6
Nam 1990 n: 12641
X 1 SI) 1928 ± 199,0
12,3 8,4 79,3
Nam 2000 n:7658
X 1 so 1931 ±446,4
13,2 12,0 74,8
Nam 2010 n: 8224 X 1 SI) 1926 ±587,1
15,4 ±3,7 17,6 ±8,7 67,0 ± 10,2 Kit qua nghien cuu v l nang lu-png khiu
phln cua Tdng dilu tra dinh du'd'ng 2010 dyp-c trinh biy d- Bang 1 Nang lu-png binh quan/dau ngud-i /ngay tren tdng sd 8224 hd gia dinh nam 2009 - 2010 la 1925 kcal. n l u so sanh vd-i nang lu-p-ng khiu phln cua cac cudc dilu tra tru'O'c (nam 1985, 1990 va 2000) thi h l u nhu- khong thay ddi. Tuy nhien, Cff clu sinh nang lu-p-ng trong khiu phln an cua nhan dan Viet Nam cd nhO-ng thay doi r l t dang chu y (hinh 4). Ca cau smh nang Iup-ng tir ngudn glucid, tCr protein va chit beo (G:P:L) nam 1985 la 82,6: 11.2- 6,2 thi hien nay (2010) cc cau nang lu-p-ng do G: P: L la 66,3: 15,9: 17,8 Day la mu-c ca c l u smh nang lu-ang du-gc coi la tu-ang ddi ly tu-ang:
nang Iup-ng do glucid cung cap giam va nang lu'p'ng do protein va lipid tang rd ret
0 nud'c ta hi$n nay, qua dilu tra nam 2010 thi lu'p'ng chit beo trung binh (17,6%) viyqfi qua gio'i han n^n cd 15%, c i n cd khuyen nghi rdng rai thich hap d l mu-c nang luxyng do chit beo khdng vu'pl qua 20% tong s6 nSng lu'ang (su- dung vua phai thjt, md, B-.). han c h l su- dung cac chit beo bao hda va cai thien ty so axit beo w3/w6 trong khiu phln (tang^Bdung dau tu-ang, ca ).
•••. nang liro-iig tu': • Protid O Lipid DGluxid Hinh 4. C c cau sinh nang lu'O'ng cua cac c h i t dinh du'ang trong k h i u p h l n 2010 IV. BAN LUAN
MLPC tieu thu lu'O'ng thiPC thu>c phim binh quan d l u ngu'd'i ngay giai doan 1985 - 2009
K i t qua cua cac cudc dilu tra dinh dud'ng 1985 - 2010 cho thiy, lu-ang lu-ang thyc - thu-c phim an vao binh quan d l u ngud-i hang ngay theo dilu tra tryc tidp tai hd gia dinh cd xu hu'O'ng tang len sau nam 2000, dac biet la mu-c tieu thu lu-ang thyc - thyc phim nam 2010 (hinh 1). Dilu tra nam 1989 - 1990 cho thiy lupng luang thyc - thyc phim du-ac tieu thu cd t h i p di khdng dang ke (765,3g) so
TCNCYH Phu tnmng 79 (2) - 2012 vdi nam 1985, nhu'ng nhin chung tong lirg-ng lu'O'ng thtrc - thtrc phim ngu'd'i Vidt Nam an vao hang ngdy hau nhir khdng bi^n dpng Idn va SU' khac bidt vd so lu'O'ng lu'O'ng thtrc - thg'c phim an vao qua ede cupc dieu tra toan qude ndu tren khdng ed y nghTa thdng kd. Tuy nhidn, cd sy thay d6i ed vk s6 lu'p'ng vd ty trpng lu'png thyc phim ngudn gdc ddng vdt t h i hidn ehlt lypng bCra dn dypc cai thidn.
Cae nghidn ciru cac xu hydng thay ddi v l khiu phln dn udng la mdt ndi dung nghidn curu quan trong bde nhlt ddi vdi v l n dd dinh dyd'ng trong thd'i ky chuyin tilp theo cac tac gia Popkin vd cpng sy [2]. Hidn nay ehung ta cd bp s6 lidu khd hpdn chinh v l tidu thu lyong thyc - thyc phim t y 1980 d i n 2010 d^i dipn ehc tpan qude, tuy cd khd khan la s6 lidu cua eae nghien cyu ve tidu thu thyc pham vdo nhyng nam trydc 1980 chya dypc dya vao dang dy lidu dien t y nen vide phan tich cd khd khan. Dd hieu dypc mpt each d l y du nhOng thay doi v l tieu thu thyc pham, cdn ed nhO'ng phdn tich sau hpn tren co so so sanh mdt phCrc hpp cac biln so. Ngoai ra, can chu y ap dgng phypng phap ddnh gia khau phan thich hpp trong nghien eiru m l i lidn quan giya an udng vdi mdt so benh man tinh khdng Idy nhidm [4]
C h l dp an eua ngypi Vidt Nam theo truyin thong thidn v l ede thyc an thyc vat [5, 6, 7]. d cae vung d l u cd cae lo^i lypng thyc, khoai cu, hat hp ddu, vCrng ipc vi rau qua vpi cac each c h l biln ridng cua tCrng dja phypng. Td chure Y t l t h i gipi tCrng cd khuyin nghi c h l dd an ndn thien ve thyc vdt vi "lanh" hpn, it chira cdc y l u t l nguy cp vd'i cac bdnh m^n tinh nhy cholesterol, cac acid bdo no, mull natri [7, 8].
Cac san phim tir dau typng rlt quen thupc vdi mpi tang Id'p nhan dan Viet Nam, dypc cpi la cd gia tri de d y phdng nhilu loai bdnh mgn tinh. Ve s6 gam thyc pham an vao hang ngdy (nam 2010) cua ngyd'l Vidt Nam vdi 877 gam 228
lypng thyc - thyc p h i m thyc t l an vao cd thi coi Id thip n l u so sanh vdi mire trung bini cac nydc khac. Trung binh mdt ngydi Har Quic hidn nay an vao 1400 gam lypng thyc- thyc phlm/ngay, ngydi Trung Quic 165C gam lypng thyc - thyc phlm/ngay [9 , 10].
Mire khuyin cao cua Hpi Dinh dydng Hoa ky eho thanh nidn 1 6 - 2 1 t u l i trung binh Id 1095 gam lypng thyc - thyc p h i m hang ngay, dang lyu y cd d i n 324 gam rau (29,6% s6 gam lypng thyc - thyc phim dn vdo) vd 154 gam qua chin (14,1% s l gam thyc phim an vao) [8].
Cdc nhd van. hda hpc, dinh dydng hpc ttr trydc tdi nay da nhdn dinh com - rau - ca la n i n eua bya an Vidt Nam qua nhilu t h i he vd chung eho cac vung d i t nydc I5],[6],[7].
Trong tac phdm "Vidt Nam van hda sir cypng", Bao Duy Anh viet: "Tir xya ngydi nydc ta vdn sinh hoat bdng nghe cay ely va nghe chai lydi, eho nen hai thir d l an chu y l u cua ta la gao va ca. ... Ngodi hai thi> dd an ehu ydu ke trdn, dan ta cdn an nhilu thir rau dgu trong d vydn hay mpc t y nhidn a dcng, thjt cae thir gia sue vd thinh thoang thit trau bd eung mpt it da d m da thii ddnh hoac san dypc.."[4, 7].Ca e l u bO'a an tmydn thong b i n vyng qua nhilu t h i he tuy cd thay d l i it nhilu theo viing mien nhy a Nam bg lypng cd va thuy san cd cao hpn [6, 7). i
Tinh theo so gam thyc phan tram so gam lypng thyc - thyc phim ma ngydi dan Viet Nam an vdo hang ngdy qua ede thpi ky c6 t h i t h i y rd sy thay d l i trong tidu thg luwng thyc - thyc phamcua nhan dan ta tir nam 1985 d i n nay Lypng thirc an nguin goc dpng vdt tang tir 91 gam nam 1985, len din 118,7 gam nam 2000 va 188 gam nam 2010.
Nam 1985, p h l n tram thyc pham ngudn gScj ddng vdt an vdo Id 12%; nam 1990 Id 10%
nam 2000 Id 15% vd nam 2010 la 21% (Hi*
2). Sy thay ddi trdn Idm thay doi cp clu i ^
TCNCYH Phu truung 79 (2) - 2012 chat sinh nhidt trong khau phdn thay d l i ro
rdt. So sanh thong ke bang test Wileoxon thi thirc an nguin goc ddng vat ca v l so lypng va phan tram trong khiu phln tir nam 1985 den 2010 da tang mpt each cd ^ nghTa (p <
0,01). Dilu nay khang dinh cp c l u khau phdn (tinh theo phan tram nang lypng) a nydc ta dd di theo quy ludt thay d l i cua cdc qude gia khi thu nhap quoc dan theo binh quan d l u ngydi tang Idn.
Chl dd an eua ngydi Viet Nam it ehlt beo. Dd khdng chi vi ngheo md edn Id thdi quen tdp qudn [7]. Nghien eiru tap quan an uing ciia ngydi Viet viing Kinh bdc tac gia Vypng Xudn Tinh va cpng sy eho thiy each chl biln truyin thong d Viet Nam thydng la it dCing ehlt bdo [6]. Chiing ta d l u bilt rang trong t h i ky XX, dac biet sau chiln tranh the gidi thir II, c h l dp an eua nhidu nydc chdu Au, Bac My da md hda nhanh chdng, ty Id phln tram nang lypng do lipit ed khi vypt qua 40% [8, 10]. Mpt c h l dp an qua nhidu lipit dac biet lipit bao hda khdng cd Ipi eho sire khde vd td chirc y t l thd gidi [8] da khuyin nghj cae nydc nay ndn dat muc tidu thing h?n Id giam xuong dydi 30% nang lypng do ehlt bdo va tiln tdi mue tieu dai han la 20% hay thdp hpn. Nhyng tdi lieu cua t l chire Lypng thyc vd Ndng nghidp t h i gidi va t l chirc Y t l t h i gidi (FAO/WHO) [4] ve co clu khau phan (tinh theo % nang lypng) a cac nydc trdn thd gidi x i p theo mire thu nhdp qude dan tinh theo dau ngydi eho thay khi thu nhap tang, ty Id nang lypng do lipid tang theo trong khi dd nang lyyng do glucid giam xuong. Didu quan trpng hpn trong sy thay ddi dd la thay ddi thanh phdn lipid vd gluxid, eg the la lypng md ddng vdt va dydng ngpt tang Idn.
Thay a l l vd can ddi nang tyo'ng Ydu cau dau tidn va quan trpng nhlt cua dinh dypng can d l i Id m l i typng quan hpp ly
giu'a cac thdnh phln dinh dydng cd hoat tinh sinh hpc chu y l u : protein, lipid, glucid, cae vitamin vd chit khoang tiiy theo tuoi, gidi, tinh ehlt lao dpng va each song. Trong s l do, nhirng nguyen t i e can d l i giira protein, lipid va glucid dypc quan tam d l u tidn. Tir bull d l u , khoa hpe dinh dydng ede tdc gia kinh diln da cho rdng typng quan hpp ly giu'a P, L, G trong khiu phln ndn la 1 1:4, nang lu'png do protein vdo khoang 13%, do lipid 30 - 35%, do glucid 55 - 60%. Cg t h i v l nhu cdu cd thay d l i theo lao ddng nang nhe cung nhy thdi tilt nai sinh sing. Ci nydc ta nang lypng protein ndn d khoang 12 -15% tong s l nang lypng khiu phdn. Nang lypng do lipid dypc khuyin cao chi ndn a vac khoang 15- 20% nang lu'png khiu phan [4]. i) Hdn Quic khi mire tidu thu chit bdo gan 20% tdng s l nang lypng hg da khuydn khich cdch an truyen thing dd khong c h l mire tang ehdt bdo khdu phdn nham kidm seat cd k i t qua mire gia tang eua bdo phi [10]. Nhu' vay d nu'dc ta, dac didm cua each an truyen thing thidn v l thyc vat dang dirng tryde thdch thirc ciia sy gia tang nhanh eiia thjt. ehlt beo vd cae thire an c h l bidn san giau nang lypng.
Cai thidn bO'a an Id ydu cdu cdn thiet nhyng cdn d mire hpp ly.
Trong khi tdng s l nang lu'png khau phan tir nam 1985 den nay hlu nhy khdng thay doi (nam 1985 tidu thg 1925 ± 230 kcal, nam 2010 tidu thg 1925,4 ± 587 kcal) thi co c l u sinh nang lypng trong khiu phdn an ciia nhdn dan Viet Nam cd nhirng thay d l i rdt dang quan tam Cp cdu sinh nang lypng tir ngudn glucid, tir protein va ehlt beo (G: P: L) nam 1985 la 82,6: 11,2: 6,2 thi hidn nay G: P:
L Id 66,3: 15,9: 17,8.Trong nhirng nam 1985 nang lu'png khdu phdn do Lipid va Protein cung cdp rdt t h i p vd d i n 2010 thi nang lypng khdu phdn do Lipid va Protein cung d p da tang len dang kd. Oilu nay cho thiy
TCNCYH Phu tnmng 79 (2) - 2012 mire tieu thg lypng thyc - thyc pham cua nhdn dan ta dypc cai thidn theo chilu hydng tit Idn.
V. K^T LUAN
Ting lypng lypng thyc - thyc phim an vao binh qudn d l u ngydi hang ngay theo dilu tra tryc tilp t^i hd gia dinh nam 2010 Id 877,2 gam - cao hpn so vdi k i t qua ciia nhu'ng cudc dilu tra trydc: (782,2 g vdo nam 1985, ndm 1989 - 1990 Id 765,3 va d i n ndm 2000 Id 815,3 g): ddc bidt Id thirc an nguin g l e dpng vdt - Lypng thire an nguon goc dpng vdt tang tir 91 gam nam 1985, len d i n 118,7 gam ndm 2000 va 188 gam nam 2010.
K i t qua dilu tra v l nang lypng khiu phln binh qudn/dlu ngydi /ngdy eiia Tong dilu tra dinh dydng trdn tong so 8224 hp gia dinh nam 2010 Id 1925 kcal, n l u so sanh vdi nang lypng khiu phdn cua cae cudc dieu tra tru'dc (nam 1985, 1990 vd 2000) thi hdu nhy khdng thay d l i ve s l lypng. Tuy nhien, cd sy thay d l i v l CP d g sinh nang lypng trong khau phln an ciia nhdn ddn ta: nang lypng tir ngudn gigeid, tir protein vd chat beo (G:P:L) nam 1985 Id 82,6. 11,2; 6,2 thi nam 2010: CP d g nang lypng do G P:L la 66,3:15,9:17,8.
Day la mire ep cdu sinh nang lypng dypc coi la can doi hpn: nang lypng dp glucid eung d p giam vd ndng lypng do protein va lipid tang rd rdt.
KHUYDN NGHj
Hien nay, mire tidu thu lypng thyc - thyc pham ciia nhan dan ta dypc cai thidn theo chllg hydng tot len nhu-ng lipid khdu phan da d i n mire cdn gidi han (qua gidi han ndn ed la 15% ting s6 nang lypng khdu phdn), do dd can cd hydng ddn dinh dydng hpp ly kjp thdi d l tranh nhyng biln ddi nhanh khi lipid khdu phan qua eao se khdng cd Ipi cho sire khoe.
Can khdng c h l mire nang lypng do chit beo khdng vypt qua 20% tdng so nang lypng (sir
dung vira phai thit, md, ba), han c h l sir dl, cac chit bdo bdo hda va cai thidn ty s l i bio w3/w6 trong k h i u p h l n (sir dgng C typng, cd).
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2. Popkin B.M., Morton Sue H., Kim (2001). The nutrition transition and preventi of diet related diseases in Asia and the Pat ie. Food and nutrition bulletin 2001, (4).
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TCNCYH Phu tnmng 79 (2) - 2012 Summary
FOOD PATTERN ANALYSIS OVER TIME AT HOUSEHOLD LEVEL IN VIETNAM 1 9 9 0 - 2 0 1 0
The traditional Vietnamese diet based primarily on foods of plant origin (rice, legume, vegeta- ble) and fish have several beneficial properties according to current knowledge of nutrition.
There has been a notable change in the proportion of total energy from protein, lipids, and car- bohydrate. In 1983, energy composition was made up of 11.2% from protein, 6.2% from lipids, and 82.6% from carbohydrate. Currently a more optimal ratio of energy intake has been ob- sen/ed with about 15.9% energy from protein, 17.8% from lipids, and 66.3% from carbohydrate.
The ratio of protein, lipid, and carbohydrate is now 15 9: 17.8: 66.3, which is considered optimal.
The resglts revealed that food consumption in the general population has improved remarkably since 1985. However, updated guidance on proper nutrition is now required in light of recent so- cial and economic changes, in order to prevent emerging trends of over consgmption that will affects on health. Immediately at hand, food consgmption amongst different target grogps and regions should be considered to properiy plan interventions and approaches to meet specific needs.
Key words: food pattern, ratio of .protein, lipid, and carbohydrate. National nutrition survey
TiNH TRANG DINH DU'O'NG TR^ DU'O'I 5 T U 6 l DAN TOG THAI TAI HUYEN QUAN S O N , THANH HOA GIAI DOAN 2007 - 2011
Trinh Xuan Thuy', Pham Van Phlf, Pham Tung Semi' ' Trung lam Y li huyen Quan San, Thanh Hoa, 'Tnrimg Dai hpe Y Ha Npi
Nghiin cUu nhim dinh gii linh trang dinh duang vi xu hudng thay ddi If ii suy dmh duang (SDD) ciia tri em dudi 5 tuii din tpc Thii d huyen Quan San - Thanh Hda trong 5 nam 2007 - 2011. Kit qui cho thiy tlnh trang dinh dudng tf ie SDD thi nhe can ii 26,1%. SDD ting din theo dp tuii tir 18% d nim tudi thir nhit vi eao nhit d nhdm tuii 48 - 59 thing (30,9%) SDD thi thip cdi trong 3 nam 2009-2010 ii 53,4%; eao nhil vao nam tuii thO 3 (57,5%) Trong 5 nim 2007 - 2011: SDD thi nhe ein nam 2008 so vdi 2007 khing nhirng khdng giim mi eon ed xu hudng tang thi SDD nay giim nhiiu vao nam 2009 nhung sau di lai ed xu hudng ling trd iai vio cie nam 2010 vi 2011. SDD thi thip edi lir nam 2009 din nSm 2011 cOng cd xu hudng ling din.
TCr khoa: Suy dinh dmmg tri em, Quan Sen, Thanh Hda
I. BiJlT V A N Bt WHO 2005) va nam 2011 Id 16,1% vd 27,9%
V Theo k i t qua didu tra cua vidn Dinh (typng irng). Tgy vay d mdt so khg vpic nhy dy&ng nam 2010 ty Id SDD d tre du'di 5 tgli Tay Nguyen, IVIiln Trung, Miln nui phia Bac theo ehi s l can ndng/tudi [1]: 17,5%; ehilu ty Id suy dinh dydng (SDD), dac bidt la SDD cao/tuli: 29,3% (theo q u i n t h i tham ehilu t h i thap cdi, van cdn d mire cao vd rlt eao 231
