LUAT QU6C T^
TAC DONG CCA HOAT DONG XUAT NHAP CANH, c u TRtr, LAO D O N G CtiA NGUCJl N U 6 C NGOAl
D 6 I VCH C H I N H T R I , A N N I N H , K E M H T 6 ,
V A N H O A - XA H O I CtTA V I £ T NAM
TRAN THANG LONG :hoa Ngoji ngfl Phap ly, D?i hpc Luat TP, Hb Chi Minh Faculty of Legal Languages, Hochimmh city Umversity of Law
Email. tdong@hcmulaw edu.vn
Tom tit
Bdi viit nghiin ctiu, ddnh gid nhang dnh hudng, tdc ddng cua hot^t ddng xudt nhdp canh, cu trti, lao d^ng dia ngu'oi nudc ngodi dii vdi Viit Nam vi cdc khia canh chinh tri, an ninh, kinh ti, vdn hoa - xa hdi. Cdc tdc ddng dupc nghiin ctiu bao gdm khia c^nh tich cue ciing nhu tiiu cue. Bdi viit cUng dua ra nhUng dinh hudng nhhm hoan thiin phdp ludt vd co chi thuc thi phdp ludt v'i qudn ly hoat ddng xudt nhdp canh, cu tni, lao ddng aia ngu'ai nudc ngodi t^i Viit Nam.
Til k h o a : ngu'oi nudc ngodi, xudt nhip cdnh, cu tni, lao dpng, tdc ddng Abstract
The paper studies and assesses impacts of foreigners' immigration, residence and labor activities on the political, security, economic and cultural aspects of Vietnam. Impacts studied include both positive and negative aspects. The paper also aims to draw orientations to improve the law and enforcement mechanism for the management of immigration, residence and employment of foreigners in Vietnam.
K.eyvrord&: foreigner, immigration, residence, employment, impact Ngay nhan bai: 12/01/2019 Ngay duyet dang: 15/4/2019
"Ngdbi ndbc ngoai" ddbc hifeu bao gbm ngddi mang qubc tich nddc ngoai (cbng din nddc ngoai) va ei nhflng ngddi khbng qubc tieh. Ngddi nddc ngoai hifen difen trfen linh thb eda mpt qubc gia sb tai do nhifeu ly do khac nhau nhd di chuyfen din ed t\i nhifen bbi ly do kinh tfe nhd lam i n , kinh doanh, d'iu td; do nguyfen n h i n td chifen tranh, xung dbt vd trang, ty nan... Trong vifec dbi xd vdi ngdbi nddc ngoai, nguyen tac khbng phan bifet dbi xd la mbt nguyfen tac cb ban. Nguyfen tic nay cdng thddng nfeu rb trong cac hifep djnh vfe hdu nghi, thdOng mai va hang hai gida eac qube gia vdi nhau.
Hien nay, van de nhip eanh, xuat canh, cd trd va lao dpng cda ngdbi ndbc ngoai tai Vifet Nam ddpc difeu ehinh bbi eac luit va quy dinh quan trpng, cp thfe bao gbm Hife'n phap n i m 2013, Luit N h i p canh, xuit canh.
9 8 TAP CHI KHOA H p c PHAP LY V I $ T NAM S 6 04(125)/20<g qua canh, cd tru eua ngubi nude ngoai tai Vifet Nam nim 2014; Luit Xd ly vi pham hanh chinh nam 2012; Nghi dinh sb 112/2013/ND-CP (sda dbi, bb sung n i m 2016) quy dinh hinh didc xd phat tryc xuit, bifen phap tam gid ngdbi, ap giai ngubi vi pham theo thu tyc hanh chinh va quan ly ngdbi nddc ngoai vi pham phap luit Vifet Nam trong thbi gian lam thu tyc tryc xuit...
Xu hdbng nhip, xua't canh, cu trd v i lao dpng cda ngdbi nddc ngoai tgi Vifet Nam ngay cang gia ting ve sb Idpng cung nhd chit Idpng. Trong sd gia ting do, eb thfe dd bio ngdbi nddc ngoai nhap, xuit canh, ed trd, lao dpng tai Vifet Nam sfe tip trung vao 3 nhdm db'i tdpng la: khach du lich, eic nha d^u td va ngdpi lao dbng eb tay nghfe cao, djc bifet td cae qubc gia trong khu vdc. Difeu nay la bbi cae ly do sau diy:
Mdt Id, qui trinh hbi nhap kinh tfe qubc tfe eda Vifet Nam cdng vbi vifec tifep tuc md cda sau rpng thj trddng, difeu nay dan dfe'n sd cai thifen dang kfe cda mbi trddng dau tit, kinh doanh thuong mai tai Vifet Nam.
Hai Id, do kfe't qua eua hbi nhip ASEAN ma dinh eao la vifec hinh thanh Cbng dbng kinh tfe ASEAN vao nam 2015. Vi'n dfe nhap eanh, cd trd, lao dpng eda ngddi nddc ngoai tai Vifet Nam la do kfet qua tit yfeu cda vifec thdc thi cae cam kfet quan trpng gida cac qubc gia thanh vifen ASEAN. Trong db, dich chuyfen lao dpng la mpt ph'in quan trpng trong hbi nhip kinh tfe cda ASEAN.' Thi trddng lao dbng qua dao tao (skilled labour) sfe la mpt eO hbi Ibn eho ngddi lao dbng trong khu vyc tim tbi nhdng mbi trdbng lam vifec phu hpp hon d cac ndbc trong cpng dbng AEC mpt khi cae rao can vfe ty do ed trd cdng cac rang bubc vfe ehinh sich nhip ed va eac rao can khac dan dupc thao db, cy the la Hifep dinh ASEAN vfe di chuyfen thfe nhan ddpe ky kfe't n i m 2012.- Cung vPi Hifep dinh nay, eac nddc ASEAN cdng da ky kfe't 8 thba thuin vfe bing cip eda lao dpng cd tay nghfe trong cae linh vdc. Hifep dinh dau ty toan difen ASEAN (ACIA) rang bubc nghia vu eda thanh vifen ASEAN trong vifec xiy ddng mbt mbi truPng d'iu tu tu do, ndi long eac han chfe vfe diu td, thuin lpi, minh bach va eanh tranh, tao ra mpt mbi trUdng bn djnh va dfe doan dinh hon cho nha dau td. Bang chdng cho thay la hoat dpng dau td td cac qube gia ASEAN vao Vifet Nam ngay cang ting va sb lupng ngay cang nhifeu cae chuyfen gia nddc ngoai dfe'n Vifet Nam td cac qubc gia trong khu vyc nhim xem xet, danh gii thi tmdng dau td va tifen tdi thifet lap eac dd an diu td tai Vifet Nam. Ke td nam 1996 Hifip djnh khung ASEAN vfe dieh vu AFAS da tao ra khubn khb td do hoa tdng bude
Nhdm Ngan hang the gidi, Di ddn de tim kid'm co hSr vu^it qua rao cdn dich chuvin lao ding 6 Ding Nam A, 2017. https://openknowledge worldbank org/bitstream/
handle/10986/28342/211106ovVN.pdf?sequence=7. truy cjp ngay 22/9/2018, Nguyen Minh Quang . •'Cflng dftng kinh t^ ASEAN - AEC 2015: nhUng co h<>i va th' h thdc", Tsp chi Khoa hoc Trudng D^i hoc Cdii Tho. sd 41, 2015.
LUAT Qu6c rt 99 tifep ein thi trdbng nbi khbi.^ C i e mo can phin bifet dbi xd dbi vdi cac nha
cung dng dich vy va djch vy trfen thi trddng cic nddc thanh vifen ASEAN cung da dan ddpc xba bb. Cac doanh nghifep ASEAN eb c6 hbi tham gia cung cip dich vu qua bifen gidi cho doanh nghifep, ngdbi tifeu dung eda cac nddc thanh vifen ASEAN khac mbt each binh ding, die bifet la dieh vu du lich.
Ba la, vifec nhip, xuit canh, cd trd, lao dbng eua ngdbi nddc ngoai dfen Vifet Nam se tifep tyc ting cao trong thbi gian tdi do kfet qua cda sy bn dinh hfen tyc vfe chinh trj, x i hpi, tinh hinh an ninh trit ty ddpc bao dam, Vifet Nam h^u nhd khbng eb cic nguy cd de dpa vfe khdng hb tao ra sd yfen tim cho cac nha d'iu td va du khach dfen Vifet Nam. Bfen eanh db, trong nhdng nim g ^ diy, nhdng nb Ide khbng ngdng cda Nha nddc trong vifec dau td tao ra sy eai thifen dang kfe vfe ha ting du lich, trong db bao gbm cd sd ha t^ng eing bifen va hang khbng.
Bin la, nhdng thay dbi quan trpng trong p h i p luit vfe xuat n h i p eanh, cd trd di l^i cda ngdbi ndbc ngoai tai Vifet Nam va die bifet la nhdng thay dbi quan trpng trong chinh sach, p h i p luit vfe bit dbng san, nha cda cda ngddi nddc ngoai tai Vifet Nam la nhdng cO sb dfe dd bao vfe sb Idpng cdng nhd ehit Idpng gia ting cda ngddi ndbc ngoai dfen cd trd, lao dpng va d^u td tai Vifet Nam. Vifec phap luit cb nhdng quy dinh dbn gian hba cae thu tyc n h i p canh co tic dung tao ra "cd hich" trong thu bdt khach du lich.''
Hifen tai, Luit N h i p eanh, xuat eanh, qua canh, cd trd cda ngubi nddc ngoai tai Vifet Nam n i m 2014 d i eb nhifeu cac quy dinh mbi, di thfe hifen rb hbn chinh sach md cda cda Dang va Nha nddc, tao difeu kifen thuin lpi, thbng thoing dfe thu hut ngdbi nddc ngoai vao diu td, thddng mai, du lich... Trfen ed sb kfe thda va phat trifen nhdng quy dinh cbn phd hpp eua phap luit hifen hanh vfe nhip canh, xuat canh, cd trd eda ngddi ndbc ngoai tai Vifet Nam, Luit tifep thu c6 chpn Ipc phap luit cua mpt sb nddc trfen the gibi. Diy la ti'fen dfe quan trpng cho dd bao vfe sy gia ting eda ngdbi nddc ngoai dfe'n, ed trd va lam vifee tai Vifet Nam.
Tdi nay trong khuOn kh6 AFAS. cac nUdc ASEAN da dua ra 9 gdi cam kft v5 dich vu hang Wi6ng, 6 gdi cam k^t vS djch vy tai chirih va 9 gdi cam kd v& cac djch vu chung khac, giiip ioai bo cac han ch^ d6i vdi vi^c cung i!ng dich vu qua bi^n gidi ddi vdi it nhi't 90 phin nganh trong tdng s6 155 phin n^nh d|ch vu theo phan loai cda WTO (W120), cho ph^p ty 1^ gop vdn cua doanh nghiep nudc ngoai la thanh vifin ASEAN Ir^n 50% ddi vdi m0t sd lUQng Idn cac phan n^nh k^
tren. Xem: http//aecvcci.vn/Modules/News/Uploaded/Document//20I6]22015531194_4)df pdf, truy cap ng3y 22/9/2018
C h ^ g ban, viec trifo khai dp visa diijn tii va diuc hifin tfl 01/01/2017 la m^t minh chflng cho vific dfl bao su gia tang sd lUdng ngflfti nfldc ngoai nhap canli du lich vao Vi^t Nam Theo Nghi djnh 07/2017/ND-CP ngiy 25/01/2017 cfla Chinh phfl, k^ tfl ngay 01/02/2017 cfli^ dan ciia 40 nudc cd th^ chlhh thflc dang ky nhip canh vao Viet Nam b^ng visa di^n tfl vdi thdi han visa 1 thing va du^c quySn nh^lp canh vao 28 cfla khiu qudc z€ cda Vi^t Nam
100 TAP c m KHOA HQC P H A P LY ViET NAM S6 04(125)/2Qlg 1. Tac dOng tich cdc cua vi6c nhap canh, xufit canh, cU tru va lao dpng ciia ngudi nudc ngoai ddi vdi chinh tri, an ninh, kinh tff, van hoa - xa hbi
1.1. Dii vdi chinh tri, an ninh
Tha nhdt, chd trddng, dudng lbi dbi ngoai va hbi nhip qubc tfe siu rbng va toan difen di dupe nfeu rb tai cae dai hpi dai bifeu toan qube eda Dang la "nhdt qudn da'ong Hi dii ngoifi ddc l4p tu chd, r^ng md, da phuang hoa, da diing hda cdc quan hi quic ti Viit Nam sdn sdng lam bifn, la dii tdc tin cdy, Id thanh viin tich cue trong cdng d'dng quic ti, phdn ddu vl h'oa b'tnh, ddc Idp vd phdt triin". Vifee nhip eanh, xuit canh, cu trd va lao dpng cda ngdbi nddc ngoai cd tic dpng thuc day vifec thdc thi va hoan thifen chinh sach hpi nhap, md cda, thu hut dSu td nddc ngoai ma Dang va Nha nudc d i dfe ra.
Tha hai, vifec quy dinh cu thfe, chi tife't quyfen va nghia vy, cP chfe phap ly n h i m thyc thi va bao dam eac quyfen nbi trfen cda ngddi nddc ngoai c6 y nghia quan trpng, bao dam hoat dpng nhip canh, cd tru, di lai, lao dbng cda ngdbi nddc ngoai dya trfen nhdng quy dinh va nguyfen tic c<!> ban cda phip luit nha nude Vifet Nam. LuJt N h i p eanh, xuit eanh, qua canh, ed trd cda ngdbi nddc ngoai tai Vifet Nam nam 2014 va cac vin ban hddng din chi tifet thi h'anh di hinh thanh khung phap ly quan trpng vfe quan ly hanh chinh va lao dbng dbi vbi ngubi nddc ngoai tai Vifet Nam. Vifec ngddi nddc ngoai ddpc phep nhip canh, cd trd, di lai, lao dpng, xuit canh tai Vifet Nam trfen ed sd quy dinh eda phap luat ehinh la sd thdc hifen nghifem tdc cic cam kfe't trong cac difeu ddc qubc te' ma Vifet Nam la thanh vifen. Difeu nay cdng bao dam sd phu hpp vdi Hife'n phap va sd thbng nhi't, dbng bp vbi eac d?o luit khac ed hfen quan nhd Bb luit Hinh sd n i m 2015 (sda dbi, bb sung n i m 2017), Bb luit Tb tung hinh sy n i m 2015, Bp luit Din sy n i m 2015, L u i t D i u t d n i m 2014...
Tha ha, cac quy dinh mbi da thfe hifen rb hdn chinh sach md cda, t?o difeu kifen thuin ldi, thbng thoing nhim thu hut ngubi nude ngoai vao diu ty, thuong mai, du lich... thi diy sfe la cd hpi thu hdt ngubi nude ngoai dfen Vifet Nam lam vifee, du lich, cbng tie va nhdng muc dich hpp phip khac, qua db dap dng yfeu cau phat trifen kinh tfe dit ndbc phuc vu ebng cube hpi nhap qub'c te siu rpng, toan difen cda Dang va Nha nude.
Tha tu, vifee gia tang vfe sb Idpng ngdbi nddc ngoai dfe'n Vifet Nam vdi eac muc dieh khie nhau cdng tat yfeu din dfen yfeu cau cac co quan ehdc nang eda Nha nddc trong linh vyc nay phai tieh eye, chd dpng hon trone vifec thdc hifen quan ly nha nude vfe xuit nhip canh; nang cao y thdc. trach nhifem cda cae bb, nganh trong quan ly nhip canh, xuit canh, cu trd dbi vbi ngdbi nubc ngoai. Vi?c thyc thi phip luit ve nhap eanh, xuit eanh, cu trd cua ngdbi nddc ngoai tai Vifet Nam khbng chi la boat dbng eua eac nganh
LUAT Q U 6 C T ^
cb quan chdc ning b Trung dbng ma cbn eb sd phbi hpp va thdc hifen bbi cac dja phddng cdng nhd cac cd quan hanh chinh nha nddc eb hfen quan dfe^n ngdbi nddc ngoai. Dbng thbi, difeu nay cdng tao dieu kifen thuin lpi dfe eai tife'n quy trinh, thd tyc hanh ehinh trong cbng tac quan ly xuat nhip eanh, tranh tinh trang tdy tifen va han chfe nhdng khb khin, phifen ha cho cd quan, t6 chdc, ea nhin trdng vifec mdi, bao linh ngdPi nddc ngoai... Di'feu nay co tic dyng trong vifec thu hdt ngddi nddc ngoai dfen Vifet Nam deni lai eac tic dpng tich cyc vfe mit kinh tfe, van hba, xa hbi.
Cuii cUng, vifee ngdbi ndbc ngoai xui't nhip eanh, ed trd, di lai, lao dbng mbt each thuin ldi v'a an tdan la cd hpi tbt chdng minh mbi trddng bn dinh, sd tin ciy trong quan hfe gida eac qub'c gia, thfe hifen Vifet Nam la
"difem dfen thdc sy an toan, thin thifen".
1.2. Dii vdi kinh ti
Thd nhdt, vifec xuat nhip canh, cd tru va lao dbng cda ngdbi nddc ngoai tai Vifet Nam la cb hbi thdc diy d'iu td, tao difeu kifen thuin lpi eho nha diu td ndbc ngoai thyc hifen eac boat dbng diu td tai Vifet Nam. Qua trinh hpi nhip gidp ning cad trinh dp cda ngubn nhin Idc va nfen khoa hpc ebng nghfe qube gia, nhb hdp tic giao dye - dao tao va nghifen edu khoa hpc vbi cic ndbc va tifep thu cbng nghfe mdi thbng qua d^u td trde tifep ndbc ngoai va chuyfen giao cbng nghfe td cae nddc tifen tifen.^ Cdng vbi chd trddng mb cda hpi nhip kmh tfe qubc tfe ma Dai hbi Dang toan qubc 1 ^ thd VI da dfe ra va dac bifet kfe td sau khi chinh thdc trb thanh thanh vifen cda W T O , Vifet Nam ta da md rbng quan hfe hpp tac vdi cic qub'c gia trong khu wUc va thfe gidi va ning cao vi thfe' cda minh trfen trdbng qub'c tfe. Qua trinh nay cdng tao eb hbi thuin lpi dfe Vifet Nam thdc diy cai cich va tai ed can nfen kinh tfe, ting cdbng ning Idc eanh tranh eua nfen kinh tfe, cua cie doanh nghifep.
Trong bbi eanh iy, hoat dpng xuit nhip eanh, cd trd, lao dbng cda nguPi ndbc ngoai tai Vifet Nam da gdp phUn khbng nhb trong vifec dem lai cd hbi thuin lpi cho hoat dbng dau td, hpp tie kmh doanh tai Vifet Nam, thfe hifen qua vifec cae nha d'iu td eb difeu kifen nhap canh, di lai, cd trd tai Vifet Nam dfe thyc hifen cac hoat dpng dau td, dy an kinh tfe ma hp thyc hifen tai Vifet Nam. Nfeu xfet chi rifeng thi trdPng bat dbng san, quy dinh phip luit vfe cU tru, di lai, lao dpng thbng thoing, thuin lpi da tao dieu kifen thu hdt ddpc dbng vbn diu td td ndbc ngoai, dap dng nhu c'iu cda mbt bb phin ngdbi nddc ngoai mubn mua nha, lam in, sinh sbng tai Vifet Nam; diy chinh la ngu'bn Idc mbi va tifem nang dbi vdi thi trddng bit dbng san. Cac doanh nghifep nddc ngoai cdng co nhu e'iu mua va sb hdu nha b
Ph?m Qudc Tn^, "HOi nh^p qudc r.i. Mdt sd vii dS iy luiln w thflc ti^n", Nghiin cau Bidn Ddng, http: / /vrwvi .n ghiencuubiendong. vn/toan-cau -h oa-hoi-nhap -kinh-te/2014-hoi-nhap-quoc-re- mot-so-van-de-ly-luan-va-thuc-tien, tmy c4p n^y 11/9/2018.
102 TAP CHi KHOA HQC P H A P LY VI$T NAM S 6 04(125)/20^
tai Vifet Nam nfeu ehi phi thufe nha 6 cho ngubi nddc ngoai dang lam vifee tai doanh nghiep db tai Vifet Nam la cb lpi hdn cdng nhd dfe dang trong vifec quan ly nhan sy, bao dam thuin tifen trong di lai, sinh boat. Chinh vi viy, mpt khi boat dpng dau td, kinh doanh eua ngudi nddc ngoai tai Vifet Nam phat trifen thi diy la cd hpi dfe phat trifen thj trubng bit dpng san va ngdde lai.^
Cdng vbi tife'n trinh mb eda, hpi nhip, eac quy dinh cy thfe vfe xfet duyfet, ci'p thi thdc, gia ban tam trd, the tam trd ddpc sda dbi, bb sung mbt cich cy thfe trong Luit N h i p cinh, xuit eanh, qua canh, cy trd eda ngdbi ndbc ngoai tai Vifet Nam n i m 2014 eung vdi thd tue hanh ehinh da thao gb nhdng ich tie, bi't cip hfen quan dfen boat dbng nhip canh, xuat canh vao Vifet Nam, tao tim ly thoai mai, dfe chiu chd ngUdi ndbc ngdii. Theo quy dinh cda luit nay thi thi thyc ddpe cip eho nha J i u td nddc ngoai ddpc quy dinh la 05 nam va lao dpng cd giiy phep ddpc nang Ifen thanh 02 nam khbng nhdng phu hpp vdi luit diu tU va cac chinh sach phit trifen kinh tfe ma cbn tao difeu kifen thuin lpi eho cic nha dau tu la ngUPi nddc ngoai yfen tim, bn dinh thdc hifen eic boat dbng d^u td, kinh doanh tai Vifet Nam. Difeu nay khbng nhdng cb tic dyng hb trp trong vifec thu hut vbn diu td ndbc ngoai vao Vifet Nam ma cbn gbp ph'in thdc day thi trddng bi't dpng san trong nddc phat trien. Bfen canh db, quy dinh m b rbng ddpe quyfen mPi, bao lanh ngdbi nddc ngoai dfe'n Vifet Nam vdi cac dbi tdpng la doanh nghifep, tb chdc xa hbi, khbng nhdng dap dng yfeu c'iu cda cic hoat dpng mbi cie chuyfen gia, nha khoa hpc dfen lam vifec, td van ma con thich hpp vbi difeu kifen hpi nhip qubc tfe ngay cang siu rpng. Trong khubn khb ASEAN, vifec mb cda thi trubng lao dbng ed tay nghfe eao cb tie dyng gbp phin thu hdt dau td tryc tife'p nyde ngoai tai Vifet Nam vi Iy do giP diy doanh nghifep nddc ngoai c6 nhifeu cd hpi thfe tife'p cin ngubn lao dbng cb tay nghfe dfe'n td cic qubc gia ASEAN dfe eung dng dich vu tai Vifet Nam trong trubng hpp Vifet Nam thife'u hyt lao dpng can thifet eho hoat dpng kinh doanh eua doanh nghifep.'
Tha hai, hoat dpng xuat nhap eanh, ed trd, lao dbng cda ngudi nddc ngoai tai Vifet Nam ng^y mpt gia tang, phong phu, da dang la bing chdng rb net cho thay su phat trifen du lich, thu hdt ngdbi ndbc ngoai vao du hch kinh doanh. Cb thfe thay ring, vbi vifee phap luat vfe nhip eanh, xui't canh cu tru eua ngddi nubc ngoai tai Vifet Nam ngay cang hoan thifen da cb tic Thu Hbig, 'Md cfla cho ngucii nUdc ngoai mua nha - Xuat kh^u bS't dpng san tgi [;h6', Vietnam IHus, http,//www.bvsccom.vn/News/2014106/311226/mo-cua-cho-nguoi-nuoc-ngoai-mua- nha-xuat-khau-bat-dong-san-tai-cho aspx, tray cSp ngay 04/9/2018
BQ Cdng thflOng - Dfl an hd tr0 chinh sach thflong m?i va dau tfl cfla chau Au, "Ci>ng ddne kmh t^ ASEAN 2015: k^t qua hOi nhap va co hdi giup cho doanh nghiep, ngudi dan ViSt Nam", http://aecvcci.vn/Modules/News/Uploaded/Document//20161220!5531i94 _j"f pdf. truy cap ngay 11/9/2018.
L U A T Q U O C TJg 103 dpng tao ra mbi trdbng phap ly bn dinh dfe phat trifen du Ijch, kinh doanh,
thddng mai va diu td nddc ngoai vao Vifet Nam, gdp phin diy manh phat trifen kinh tfe - xa hbi. Cac quy dinh phip luit vfe nhip canh, xuit canh, ed trd cda ngddi nddc ngoai tai Vifet Nam ngay eang cu thfe, rb rang, minh b?ch va chit chfe la difeu kifen dfe phat trifen du lich, kinh doanh, thu hdt hpn nda ngdbi nddc ngoai dfe'n va lam vifee tai Vifet Nam dem lai ngubn thu khbng nhb cho Nha nddc.
1.3. Dii vdi lao ddng
Hoat dbng nhip xuit canh, cd trd, lao dpng cda ngddi nddc ngoai CO tic dpng tieh ede dbi vdi vin dfe lao dbng tai Vifet Nam. La nddc dang phit tnfen, thich thdc dit ra dbi vdi Vifet Nam la thifeu hyt ngubn nhin Ide CO trinh dp eao, ching han nhd cac ky thuit vifen trong mbt sb nganh kinh tfe - ky thuit va quan t n vifen cao cip d cip dp doanh nghifep eung nhd cip nganh.^ Trong xu thfe toan cin hda hifen nay, Vifet Nam dang phai dbi mit vdi mbt sb thach thdc quan trpng db la sd dich chuyfen lao dbng Idn td nganh nbng nghifep sang chfe hife'n va cbng nghifep, sd chuyfen dbi td nganh ebng nghifep co ning suit lao dbng thip sang nganh cbng nghifep cb ning suit lao dpng cao. Qua trinh chuyfen dich ed cau lao dbng db din de'n kfet qua la din dfen dd thda lao dbng 6 mbt sb nganh, dbng thbi din de'n sd thife'u hyt lao dbng d mpt sb nganh khic, die bifet la nhdng nganh ebng nghfe eao, dbi hbi trinh db chuyfen mbn, ky ning tifep can va sd dyng cbng nghfe tifen tife'n va ddpc dao tao bai ban.
Bfen canh do, hpi nhip qube tfe la ca hbi gidp nang eao trinh dp eda ngubn nhan Idc va nfen khoa hpc ebng nghfe thbng qua boat dpng hpp tic giao due - dao tao va nghifen cdu khoa hpc vdi cac nubc vi tie'p thu ebng nghfe mdi thbng qua hoat dpng d'iu td trde tifep ndbc ngoai va chuyfen giao cbng nghfe td eic ndbc tifen tifen. Vifec sd dyng lao dpng ndbc ngoai co trinh dp sfe dip dng nhdng thifeu hyt vfe ngubn nhin lye va chit Idpng cda ngubn nhin Idc trddc bbi eanh canh tranh qub'c tfe. Tac dbng d'iu tifen eda vifee lao dbng nddc ngoai cb trinh db cao vao lam vifee tai Vifet Nam la vifec nhanh chong cb ddpc dpi ngu lao dbng chat Idpng eao, eo trinh dp chuyfen mbn va tie phong cbng nghifep. Thd hai la khi ngdbi sd dyng lao dpng bb tn' ngdbi lao dpng trong ndbc va lao dpng nddc ngoai cdng lam vifec thi diy cb thfe xem la eO hbi gia ting tinh c^nh tranh trfen thi trdbng lao dbng.
Trong bbi canh iy, nhdng lao dpng bi ban ehfe vfe ky nang, trinh db van hoa, chuyfen mbn ky thuit eb thfe bj dao thai dan hoic hp phai ning cao trinh dp, chuyfen mbn. Difeu nay din dfen tie dbng tieh cdc gdp ph'in ning cao chit lupng eda ngubn lao dpng tai Vifet Nam.
' Le Hbng Huyen. "Tac dijng cfla di chuyen lao ddng qudc tS dd'i vdi sy phat tn^n kinh t^ - xa hdi Vi$t Nam trong hdi nhjp kinh t€ qudc t f , http.//Ire.mu.edu vn/upload/collecnon/
bne£'28694_235201216171513.qlkt.24 09.pdf. truy cjp n^y 30/9/2017.
104 TAP CHi KHOA HQC PHAP LY VigT NAM S6 04(U5)/]^
1.4. Dii vdi vdn hda - xa hdi
Hoat dbng nhip, xuit eanh, eu tru, lao dbng cua ngdbi ndbc ngoai tai Vifet Nam dem lai nhdng tac dpng tich eye vfe khia eanh vin hba - xa hbi- Difeu nay dem lai cd hbi gjao Idu, trao dbi vin hba gida Vifet Nam vdi eac qube gia, gdp phin thdc diy mb eda, hbi nhip cda Vifet Nam vdi the gidi ve vai> hba, xi hpi. Ngddi nddc ngoai dfen Vifet Nam thbng qua vifec mang theo van hba cda din tbe va di't nddc hp vbi lbi sbng vin minh, hifen dai, tbn trpng phip luit... di gbp ph'in thay dbi lbi sbng cda ngdbi din Vifet Nam, die bifet tai cic db thi. Cubi cdng, vifee quy dinh cy thfe trong luit vfe trach nhifem eda cac cd quan, tb ehde, ca nhin ddpe mbi, bao linh cho ngdbi ndbc ngoai vao Vifet Nam cdng co tic dyng tich cdc trong viec quan ly ngdbi ndbc ngoai, khac phyc tinh trang khd khin trong vifee xae dinh trach nhifem dbi vdi ngdbi nddc ngoai vi pham phap luit, tai nan, td vong...
hifen la nhdng van dfe tbn tai vfe khia eanh xa hpi do vifec ngddi nddc ngoai nhip eanh va cd trd tai Vifet Nam thdi gian qua.
2. Tac dbng tieu cue cda vi&c nhdp cdnh, xuSit cdnh, cU tru va lao dbng cuia ngubi nudc ngoai dbi vdi chinh tri, an ninh, kinh t^, vdn hda - xa hbi
2.1. Dii vdi chinh tri, an ninh
Hoat dbng nhip canh, xuat canh, ed tru va lao dbng eda ngddi ndbc ngoai ngay cang trb nen thuin lpi va dfe dang hPn cdng din dfen nguy cd la Vifet Nam bj lpi dyng nham thdc hifen cic hanh vi trai phap luit, xim pham an runh qubc gia, trit td, an tdan x i hpi, tie dbng dfe'n vin dfe quan ly hanh chinh dbi vbi nhdng ngdbi nddc ngoai tai Vifet Nam. Vifee ngddi ndbc ngdii ddpc phep nhip eanh, cd trd, lad dpng thi khb khin trdbc hfet la vi'n de quan ly eda cae cd quan chdc ning dbi vbi nddc ngoai di ddpc nhip canh vao Vifet Nam.
Hpi nhip qubc tfe lam eho eac qubc gia dbi mat trddc nguy eb gia ting cua tinh trang khdng bb qubc tfe, buPn liu, tpi pham xuyfen qube gia, djch bfenh, nhip cd bat hdp phip...^ Mpt khi ngdPi nddc ngoai cb eb hpi va difeu kifen thuin lpi hon dfe dfen thyc hifen vifee nhip canh, cd trd, di lai, lam vifee tai Vifet Nam thi nhdng tie dbng tifeu cilc dfen tinh binh ehinh tri, an ninh trit ty edng khd tranh khbi. Thdi gian qua da cho thiy tinh trang ngdbi nddc ngoai vi pham phap luit, gay phdc tap vfe tr^t td xa hbi, phddng hai an nmh qubc gia dang dan trb nfen phb hife'n hdn.
Cy thfe, thdc tifen tbng ke't thi hanh Phap Ifenh vfe nhip canh, xuat canh, cd trd eua ngdbi nddc ngoai tai Viet Nam n i m 2000 eho thiy xuat hifen hifen tdpng ngdbi nubc ngoai nhip eanh vao Vifet Nam dfe thu mua
Phsim Qudc Tru. tldd.
LUAT Q U 6 C Tt
nbng lim, hai sin, nubi ci be, kfet hbn, truyfen dao trai phep...'" Difeu nay la do thed quy dinh cda Phip Ifenh vfe nhip canh, xuit canh, c\i trd eda ngubi nddc ngoai tai Vifet Nam n i m 2000 thi ngdbi ndbc ngoai dddc chuyfen dbi myc dich nhap canh. Quy djnh nay din dfen tinh trang ngdbi nddc ngoai lpi dyng danh nghia vao tham quan, du lich nhdng d i thdc hifen eac myc dich khie die bifet la tim kifem vifec laifti, xin chuyfen dbi myc dieh dfe d lai lao dpng, va thdc tfe cho dfen n i m 2014 cb nhifeu lao dbng phb thbng ngubi Trung Qubc lam vifee tai cac dd an do nha d'iu td Trung Qubc trung th^u tai Vifet Nam dSn dfen nhdng phdc tap trong quan ly ngdPi nddc ngoai ed trd, lam vifee tai Vifet N a m . " Bat cip nay hifen da dupc giai quyfet bbi Luit N h i p canh, xuat canh, qua canh, cd trd eda ngdbi ndbc ngoai tai Vifet Nam nim 2014. Theo db thj thdc cda ngddi nddc ngoai khbng ddpe chuyfen dbi myc dich (khoan 1 Difeu 7). Tuy nhifen, vin dfe dit ra c^n phdi giai quyfet la nhdng trddng hpp ngdbi nddc ngoai da nhip canh va dang ed trd, lam vifec tai Vifet Nam trdbc ngay 01/01/2015.
Nhifeu ngdbi nddc ngoai lpi dyng vifec dddc nhip canh hdp phap da tifep tyc cd trd trai phep, thdc hifen nhdng hanh vi tbi pham nhd eddp giit, bubn bin ma tuy. Dbng tbpi, thdc tfe cdng cho thiy bit d'iu xuit hifen nhifeu loai tbi pham mdi, hoat dbng co tb ehdc, cd sy hfen kfet ch^t chfe gida cae db'i tdpng trong va ngoai nddc vdi thu do?n tinh vi, nguy hifem nhd eac tbi pham vfe ma tdy,'^ rda tifen, cac hanh vi tbi pham hfen quan dfen diu eO eb phifeu, sd dyng cbng nghfe thbng tin dfe boat dbng Ida dao chife'm doat tai san'^ hoic trbm cip cdbc vifen thbng, eac hanh vi sd dung the tin dung, giiy tb gia dfe rut tifen ngin hang hoic Ida dao qua mang xa hpi.''' D i e bifet ngdbi ndbc ngoai vao Vifet Nam n h i m thdc hifen cac boat dbng bat hpp phap nhd mbi gibi kfet hbn c6 yfeu tb nddc ngoai trai phap luit, Ida dao dda phy nd Vifet Nam ra nddc ngoai liy ehbng, ban dim..." Cubi cung, di'feu '" Tiifn Phdc, "Con tinh tr?ng ngudi nUdc ngoai ho?t dOng Crai muc dich nhjp canh", Bdo mdi, https// baomoi .com/con-tinh-trang-nguoi-nuoc-ngoai-hoat-dong-trai-muc-dicb-nhap- canh/c/20292199.epi. truy dp n ^ y 22/9/2018.
" Ch/nh phfl, Bdn thuyit minh Ludl Nh4p cdnh, xudt cdnh, cu tni cda ngubi niioc ngodi lai Viit Nam nim 2013, http://duthaoonMne.quochoi.vn/DuThao/Lists/DT_TAILIEU_COBAN/
Attachments/1285/Banthuyetminh.doc, truy cilp n ^ y 31/8/2018
'^ Hoang Ldc "Trift phi dU6ng day ma tUy "khdng" tfl Campuchia vS TP.HCM", Bdo Tudi tre, https.//tuoitre,vn/tnet-pha-duong-day-ma-tuy-ldiung-tu-campuchia-ve-tphcm-1373143 htm.
truy c?p ng3y 14/9/2018, Bio An nmh TV. "Tdi phsm ma tfly ngfldi nfldc ngoai m Khanh Hoa", http://www.antv.gov.vn/tin-tuc/an-ninh-trat-w/toi-pham-ma-tuy-nguoi-nuoc-ngoai-tai-khaiih- hoa-145648 html, Cuy c^p n^y 14/9/2018
'^ Thanh Hung - M.Dflc "Cdng dbng Kinh t^ ASEAN va mdi lo tdi pham cd td chflc", Bdo Phdp lu4t Viit Nam, http://baophapluat.vn/an-ninh-quoc-phong/cong-dong-kinh-te-asean-va-moi- lo-toi-pham-co-to-chuc-234699 html, tmy c4p n ^ y 31/8/2018.
'•• Ph^m Dflng, "Chi 15 ngay, bang tdi pham ngfldi nUdc ngoai Ifla dfl0c 6.4 d ddng". http://
nld com.vn/phap-luat/chi-]5-ngay-bang-toi-pham-nguoi-nuoc-ngoai-lua-duoc-64-ti- dong-20170410134336574,han7. Ngubi Lao d^ng, uruy c3p n ^ y 29/10/2018 '^ BiJ Cdng an. "Bao cio dinh gia tic ddng cfla Dy an Lu^t Nh^p canh, xufft canh, cU tru cfla ngudi
nudc ngoai tai Vi$t Nam trinh U^ ban 'Thudng vu Qudc hdi" http //dutbaoonhne.quochoi.vn/
DuThao/Lists/DT_TAILIEU_COBAN/Attachments/1143/bcna.doc, tmy cjp ngay 22/9/2018
106 TAP c m KHOA HQC P H A P LY VigT NAM S6 04(125)/2019 kifen nhip canh, cd tru, di lai thbng thoang, dfe dang edng tao cO h6i cho nhdng ngdbi nubc ngoai cd "y djnh xiu" nhip eanh dfe thdc hifen cac hoat dpng tuyfen truyfen, xuyfen tac, ehbng p h i chfe db hoic dda thbng tin Ifech l?e, khbng trung thyc vfe Vifet Nam.
2.2. Dii vdi kinh ti
Bfen eanh vifee xuit hifen nhdng'hanh vi x i m pham dfen an ninh, chinh trj, trit ty, an toan xa hbi thi vifec ngudi nddc ngoai nhip canh, cti trd, lao dbng tai Vifet Nam edng se lam gia ting nguy ed Ida dao, kinh doanh bat hpp phip. Trdbc diy, Phap Ifenh vfe nhip eanh, xuit eanh, ed trd eda ngdbi nddc ngoai tai Vifet Nam nam 2000 eho phep ngdbi nddc ngoai sau khi d i ddpe phep nhip canh, nfe'u co nhu cau sfe ddpc xet cho chuyfen d6i myc dich nhip eanh ddpc chuyfen dbi myc dich nhip eanh. Lpi dung quy djnh db, nhifeu ngddi nddc ngoai nhip canh vbi mbt muc dieh nhit djnh nhd tham quan, du Ijeh, sau db d i xin chuyfen dbi dfe thyc hifen cac myc dich khac, die bifet xin chuyfen dbi b lai nhim myc dich lao dbng, hifen tdpng nay phb bife'n trong eic doanh nghiep, dy an do phia nddc ngoai trdng th^u eb nhifeu lao dbng ndbc ngoai lam vifee. Mbt nguyfen n h i n khac cda tinh trang nay la do chd dau td da khoan tring eho nha thUu chinh; sau db nha thlu ehinh tiep tyc thufe nha th'au phy va mpi hoat dbng hfen quan dfen tuyen dyng, sd dyng lao dpng nybe ngoai do eic nha th'iu phy nay td quyfet djnh; do db eac bfen hfen quan edng khbng quan ly ddpc bao nhifeu lao dpng nddc ngoai do cae nha thUu phy tuyfen dyng. Difeu nay din dfen khb khin cho cae ed quan nbi ndbc trdng cbng tae quin ly lao dpng nddc ngoai.'^
Ngdii ra, ngddi nddc ngoai eb mat tai Vifet Nam vdi cac muc dich ban (^u nhd tham quan, du lich, sau dd b lai dfe lam vifec khbng phep, hoat dpng kinh doanh, hanh nghfe tai Vifet Nam nhu hdbng din vifen du lich,''' bin hang tai cae nha hang, khach san, quan eafe.'^ Dang lo ngai hbn se la vifec eb kha ning nhdng tbi pham qub'c te la nUdc ngoai ipi dyng vifee ddpe phep nhap canh, cd trd, di k i thuin tifen dfe Iin trbn, sinh sbng, lam vifec tgi Vifet Nam.'^ Bfen canh vi'n dfe quan ly db'i vbi nhdng ngudi ndde ngoai lam vifee trai phep, Nha ndbc cung sfe mi't di mbt khoin thu ngan sach td tifen
'* P h j i n T h j H u o n g Giang, Hoan ihiin phdp Iu4t vi qudn ly lao ddng ngudi nuac ngoai lam viic itfi Vi(t Nam, L u j n van thac si lu^t h p c , D91 h g c q u d c gia H a N d i , K h o a Lu^t, 2 0 1 5 , tr. 6 8 , B<;
T u p h a p , V y P h d bi^n, giao d u e phap lujc, D'i cuong gidi thiiu Lu4l Nh4p cdnh, xudt cdnh', qud cdnh, cu tni aia ngubi nudc ngoai tifi Viit Nam
" Trang Anh, " D e p " l o j n " hfldng dan vi^n d u Hch ngUdi nfldc ngoai". JSSniii D4n diin td http / / w w w . n h a n d a n . c o m v n / v a n h o a / d u _ h c h / i t e n i / 3 0 0 8 6 4 0 2 - d e p - % E 2 % 8 0 % 9 C l o a n % E 2 % 8 0 % 9 D . - huong-dan-vien-du-lich-nguoi-nuoc-ngoai.html, truy cjp n ^ y 1 1 / 9 / 2 0 1 8
" Phfl V i n h . "Lao d d n g n g u d i n u d c ngoai K h d q u a n l y " ' , Bdo Khdnh Hoa Online, h t t p : / / w ^ v w b a o k h a n h h o a c o m . v n / x a - h o i / 2 0 1 7 1 0 / l a o - d o n g - n g u o i - n u o c - n g o a i - f c h o - q u a n - l y ~ 8 0 5 5 2 6 5 / m i y c^p ngay 2 9 / 8 / 2 0 1 8 .
''' N g u y e n n h a n trUdc h f t la d o "cb^y d u a " vdi cac d y an. d^c bi^t la d u an chia khoa trao tay (EPC) d o nha thSu n u d c ngoai t n i n g thiiu nfin h g d u a m d t sd lao d d n g n u d c ngoai vao thflc hi$n B&n c^nh dd. lao d g n g n u d c ngoai vao Vi$t N a m b i n g c o n d u d n g du Ijch, sau dd c h u y e n sang 1am vi?c khOng p h e p
LUAT Q U 6 C Tt
thufe" thu nhip n n le ra nhdng ngddi nay phai dbng khi lam viee tai Vifet Nam. Dbng thdi, nhdng ngdbi nddc ngdii nay cd trd, lam vifec tai Vifet Nam nhdng lai khbng dbng bao hifem xa hpi, nfen khi phat sinh van dfe thi khbng ddpc hdbng cie loai bid hifem xa hpi theo quy djnh. Nha ndbc edng nhd x i hbi edng phai ganh chiu cac chi phi cho nhdng ngdbi nay.
2.3. Dii vdi vdn di lao ddng
Vifec ngdbi ndde ngoai eb cd hpi ed trd va lam vifec tai Vifet Nam cdng din dfen vifec ting ganh ning vifec lam va nguy eP thit nghifep eua ngdbi lao dpng trong ndde. Mpt khi nhu e^u lao dbng trinh db cao va co chit Idpng n ^ y cang gia tang thi sd canh tranh gida lao dpng trong ndbc va lao dbng ndbc ngoai cdng sfe trb nfen ngay cang khbe hfet. Dang Idu y la, lan sbng lao dpng nddc ngoai vao Vifet Nam bao gbm hai loai: ngubn lao dpng co chat Idpng cao va ngubn lao dpng cb chat Iddng thip. Ca hai deu cb thfe din dfe'n nhdng tae dpng tifeu cdc. Ngubn lad dpng nudc ngoai ehi't Iddng cad vad Vifet Nam lam vifec gia tang trdng bbi eanh ngddi lao dpng chda sin sang ddbng J i u vbi sd eanh tranh nay hoic Nha nddc chda c6 cic kfe hoach xiy dyng ngu'bn lao dbng thay thfe bing ngdbi Vifet Nam thi kfet qua la se khbng cbn ed hbi eho lao dpng Vifet Nam chit Iddng cao. Trai lai, ngu'bn lao dpng ndde ngoai co chit Idpng thip vao Vifet Nam sfe tao ra ganh ning chd n'fen kinh tfe, lam cho sd dd thda lao dpng phb thbng trong nddc cang trb nfen Idn hdn. Cubi cdng, xet vfe khia canh kinh tfe, lao dbng nddc ngoai dfen Vifet Nam lam vifec c6 thu nhip hpp phap va ddpc chuyfen vfe ndbc hp ph^n thu nhip cbn lai. Difeu nay se lam giam thu nhip yfe'u tb thuin trong tbng thu nhip qube gia; kfet qua la lam giam tbng thu nhip qubc gia.-'^
2.4. Dii vdi van hda - xd hdi
Vifec mb cda, tao difeu kifen thuin lpi cung nhd nhdng thay dbi trong CO ehfe cip thi thdc cho ngddi nddc ngoai cdng cd nhdng mat trai cda nb.
Bbi lfe, lpi dung nhdng thuin tifen nay, cic phan td khdng bb, tpi pham qube tfe, di dan bat hpp phap cb eO hpi lpi dyng dfe nhip canh, difeu nay se giy anh hddng va lam phddng hai dfe'n an ninh qubc gia, trit td an toan x i hpi va db'i ngoai eua Nha nddc.
Tinh trang ngdbi ndde ngoai nhip eanh, ed trd bit hdp phap tai Vifet Nam dan dfen nhdng bat cap ve khia canh vin hba - xa hpi ma trddc hfet la ganh ning cho cac cP quan nha nddc dja phddng cdng nhd cic cd quan quan ly nha ndbc chuyfen nganh vfe vin hba, x i hbi. . D i y cdng la tae dpng chung cua hpi nhip qubc tfe", bbi lfe hbi nhip cb thfe lam gia ting nguy cd ban sic din tpc va van hba truyfen thbng bj xdi mon trddc sd "xam ling"
cda vin hba ndbc ngoai,^^ hoic sd du nhjp lbi sb'ng va van hoa ngoai lai Le H d n g H u y e n . tldd.
P h s m Q u d c Tn,i, tldd.
108 TAP CHi KHOA HOC PHAP LY V I E T NAM S6 04(125)/2Qlg khbng phu hpp vdi thu^n phong, my tuc, thim chi cb thfe din dfe'n vifec lam sai Ifeeh eac chuan mdc dao ddc, vin hoa tmyfen thbng cda ngdPi Vi^t. Vifec ngddi nube ngoai dfe'n cd trd, lam vi$e tai Vifet Nam edng din dfe'n nguy CO du nhap nhdng lbi sbng, suy nghi va cae bifeu hifen di ngdpc lai vdi dao ddc, truyen thbng vin hba din tbe. T h i m ehi, cbhifen tdpng du nhip thife'u chpn Ipc mpt sb tap quan, lfe hpi td ndbc ngoai, sau dd lai ddpc big'n ddi theo hudng thifeu tich cdc.^^
Ngoai vifec cd tni bat hpp phap, nhifeu ngdPi nubc ngoai di vao Vifet Nam trudc tifen la de du lich rbi sau db thd vifee va hanh nghfe tai Viet Nam, mpt sb ngddi cd tru tai Vifet Nam nhung khbng c6 tifen, eb gang rim each kifem vifec lam dfe sinh sbng hoac eb khbng it ngubi nddc ngoai hdbng tifen thit nghifep dfen Vifet Nam sbng lang thang, khbng eb ndi ed trd nhat dinh, sau db thdc hifen hanh vi pham phip nhy trpm cip tai san, Ida dad, t h i m ehi an xin. Hifen tdpng ngddi nddc ngdii in xin tai cac ebng vifen hoac la ca tai cac quin bar tai cae thanh phb du Ijch khbng nhdng ham chda nguy ed bi't bn vfe an ninh trit td ma cbn lam xiu di bp mat vin minh db t h j . "
Cd thfe khang dinh ring boat dpng nhap, xuit canh, ed trd, lao dbng cda ngddi nddc ngoai tai Viet Nam cb nhdng tae dpng tich cdc, gdp phan vao sd phat trifen chung cda di't ndPe, dem k i nhdng lpi ich va cd hbi cho Vifet Nam trong tife'n trinh hbi nhip qubc tfe toan c'au va khu vyc. Hoat dpng xuit canh, nhap canh, qui canh, cd tru cua ngdbi ndbc ngoai tai Vifet Nam ngay cang phat trifen la dpng ldc va yfeu c^u n h i m hoan thifen hfe thbng phap luat vfe xuat nhip canh theo chu trddng cai cich hanh ehinh cua Dang, Nha ndde, bao dam sy phd hpp va ed chfe thdc hifen cam kfet trong cae difeu Udc qubc tfe ma Vifet Nam la thanh vifen. Difeu nay la ed sd thdc diy sy phit tnfen cae boat dbng du lich, kinh doanh, thildng mai va dau td nddc ngoai vao Vifet Nam, gop phan day manh phat trifen kinh te - x i hpi cda dat nddc trong tinh hinh mbi. Chinh vi viy, trong bbi canh hpi nhip va md cda, phap luit ndi chung va phap luat lao dpng nbi rifeng cin phai cb ngay nhdng quy dinh ey thfe dfe quan ly lao dpng ngdbi nube ngoai dfe vda hudng tbi myc tifeu khuyfe'n khich sy phat trifen nfen kinh te', dbng thbi bao dam an toan cho thi trdbng lao dbng trong ndbc. •
Phan K^' Anh, "L^ hiji du nh^p tfl nudc ngoai va sfl tuong thich van hda", Bdo Nhdn ddn diin m, http://www nhandan com,vn/chiiihtri/binh-luan-phe-phan/item/25268802-le-hoi-du- nhap-m-nuoc-ngoai-va-su-tuong-thich-van-hoa.html, truy c5p ngay 03/11/2018 Minh Tie^n. "Bi hai chuyen ngUdi nfldc ngoai lang thang. mit u'ch tai Vi^t Nam", An ninh thi gtoi Online, http'//antg.cand.com.vn/Phong-su/Bi-hai-chuyen-nguoi-nuoc-ngoai lane thang-mat-nch-tai-Viet-Nam-417948/. truy cJp ngay 22/9/2018, Vfl Nhu, " N ^ y cane nhifeu ngUdi nUdc ngoai lang thang tsi 'TP.HCM", VietnamNel, httpV/vietnamnet vn/
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L U A T Q U 6 C T ^ 109 T a i li6u t h a m khdo
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"Impact of International Movement of Labor on Vietnam's Socio-economic Development m International Economic Integration", 2017], http://lrc.tnu.edu.vn/upload/collection/
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