DINH DUOfNG VA THlTC AN C H A N N U O I
15. Smit (1991) Fodder trees nnd shrubs in range and farming systems in tropical humid Africn, Dpc t(r:
http://www,fao,org/DOCREP/003/r0632E/T0632E0 4.htm [Accessed: 29.05.2011].
16. Tammimga. S. (1979) Protein degradation in the fore stomachs of ruminants, J. Amin. Sci. 49, 1613 - 1630.
17. Trin Thj Kim Chung (2006). Xie djnh ti If lifiu h6a ciy mai ducmg (Mimosa Pigra L.) li ihi'rc ftn chinh trong khiu phin ciia dfi IhjL Lu(ln vin tdt nghif p kl su nginh phit InOn nfing thfln. Khoa NN-TNTN, Truimg Dai hgc An Giang.
18. Vearasilp, T., Phuagphong, B. and Rucngpaibul.
S. (1981). A comparison ot Leucaena leucocephala
and Mimosa pigra L in pig diets, Thai Journal of Agricultural Science, 14.311-317
VQ Duy Giing, Nguyin Xufln Bi, Lf Dire Ngoin, Nguyin XuAn Tr^ch, Vfl Chf Cirong v i Nguyii HQ-u Vfln (2008). Dinh duflng vi ihCtc ftn cho bd. Hi Nfli: NXB NOng nghifp.
Salter, L. D and Slyter, L. L. (1974) Trfch din til Le Thj Thiiy Difp (2002) Khio sit mfii tnrimg d? cfi vi xftc djnh li If lifiu hfia cua de thjt dupc nufii bing cfi vcliver vi cd lfing tiy cfi b6 sung bfit d ^ ninh.
Lu^n vin t6t nghifp K^ su nginh chftn nufii. Khoa Nfing nghifp, D^i hpe Cin Tha
HIEU QUA CilA VI$C SO DVNG CAC CHAT B 6 TRQt SINH HQC TRONG CHE BIEN VA BAG QUAN CO VOI BANG U CHUA
Le Van Huyen', Biii Thf Thu Huyen , Tran Qudc Viet , Dao Thf Phuang'. Tran Viet Phuang'.
Sdm Vdn Hai'. Ninh Thi Huyin'
L M O DAU
0 chua \k bi?n phap ky thufit truyen th6ng rat pho bien de ehe bien va bao q u ^ c&c lo^i thiJrc &n (TA) tho xanh, c^c phy ph4m ciJa trong trgt vk mpt sfl san p h i m dOng v | t bang len men cfl k i l m so5t (Mc Donald vk cs. 1991). Quk trinh len men tv nhien dien ra do ho^t d p n g ciJa c^c vi khuAn (VK) lactic sSn cfl trong c5c v§t li^u u. Trong dieu ki^n khong cfl oxy, cdc VK lactic siJr d y n g ngu6n carbohydrate sdn cfl 6 v^t li^u u d l len men, t^o ra axit lactic, \km pH ciia hon hpp li g\km d i n mirc cfl the lie c h l dirgrc ckc \ok\ vi sinh v | t (VSV) gSy thoi. Tuy nhiSn, trong cdc v^t li$u ij ngodi VK lactic cdn cfl r^t nhilu loai VK khdc cung t6n tfl nhir Clostridia, Enierobacteria, n i m men vd n i m m6c. Cdc lodi VSV ndy c^nh tranh c o c h i t vfli cdc VK lactic. Bflfi v§y, hi§u qud len men phy thupc rat nhieu vdo ciu trtic q u i n t h i VSV trong hfin
Bfi mfin Dinh dufing vi Thiic ftn chin nufii • Vifn Chin nufii
* Tic gii dl lien hf: TS. Trin Quic Vifl, Phd Bfi mfln Dinh duflng - Thirc ftn chin nufii. Vifn Chftn nufii - Thgy Phuong - Tir Lifim - Hi Nfii, Difn thofii: 04-3.8386126/0982.011.584.
Email: [email protected]
h ^ ij vd d$c bi^t phy thupc vdo s u e c^nh tranh co c h i t len men cila cdc VK lactic vfli cdc nhflm VSV khdc (Francisco va cs, 2009). Cdc dieu ki?n moi tnrfmg c u n g dnh h u o n g rat \6n d i n ho^t dpng len men ciJa cdc VK lactic. N g h i e n cihi ndy dirpc tien hdnh nhdm ddnh gid hi^u qud ciia vi^c bo sung mpt 56 c h l p h i m sinh hpe g6m cdc chit ciy VSV, che p h i m da e n z y m e Irong c h l bien cd voi bdng p h u o n g phdp u c h u a Idm TA cho gia sue nhai I^i.
2. NOI DUNG VA PHU'ONG PHAP NGHIEN ctfu 2.1. V$t lif u, thM gian vd dja dilm nghien cihi
Vgt li4u a
- C6 voi 45 ngdy (dp Im 80,2%) dirpc thu cdt vd dupc thdi nhfl bfittg mdy thdi din kich c& 5-10 cm trudc khi dua vdo chl biln.
Cdc chdt bo tr(r sinh hgc va cac vgt li^u khdc - Chat ciy VSV da chiing d ^ g 16ng va d^ng bOt (TH 1 vd TH2). TH 1 g6m cdc chung VK lactic thuOc lodi Lactobacilus plantarum la nhihig chiing \%o men lactic ddng chit vd (TH2) cdc
38 KHKT Chan nuoi S6 12 - 2012
DINH Dl/OfNG VA THlTC AN CHAN NUOI chiing VK lactic thu^c lodi Lactobacillus penlosus
Id nhOng chung len men lactic di chit. Chl phim da en^me (EZ) phan gidi xa dgng bpt gbm ckc enzyme VSV (cellulase, p-glucanase, xylanase).
Cac chl phim ndy do Vi?n Vi sinh v§t vd Cong ngh§ Sinh hpe - Dgi hpe Quflc gia Hd nOi sdn xult. Khoi lupng b6 sung ciia cdc chit ciy dupe tinh todn dl ddm bao m§t dp VSV ciy dgt lO' efu/kg vat chit kh6 ciJa v§t li?u iJ.
- Che phim VSV ciy Bio-Stabil Plus (cua cong ty Biomin - Ao) (gom cdc chiing Enterococcus faecium; Lactobacillus brevis; Lactobacilus plantarum) (mgt dO: 5 x lO'" cfu/g) dupc bo sung 4 g/tin vgt li?u li.
- Ri mgt mia, bpt sdn kh6: B 6 sung 5% (w/w) Thai gian vd dia diem nghien ciru Thi nghi?m dupc tien hdnh tgi phflng thi nghidm cua Vi?n Chdn nuoi tii thang 6 den thang 12/2010.
2.2. Phurnig phap bo tri thi nghifm Bo tri thi nghiem
Thi nghigm dupc thiet ke theo kiSu thi nghidm I nhan to, theo do co voi dupc li voi cac chit b6 trg b6 sung sau: (1) Bio-Stabil Plus (BIO-SP) (dfli chiing duong); (2) THI dgng long (THIL); (3) TH2 dgng long (TH2L); (4) THI dgng bgt (THIB); (5) TH2 dgng bpt (TH2B); (6) THI dgng bflt + chl phdm da enzyme (THIB + EZ); (7) TH2 dang b^t + EZ (TH2B + EZ); (8) ri mgt mia (RM); (9) bpt sdn (BS) va (10) khong bfl sung (KBS) (dfli chting dm). Trong mSi nghifm thiic (NT) vat li?u dupc u vfli co chat trong cdc tiii 2 Idp, mfii tui dugc dyng trong I xfl nhya dgy ndp kin...
Phuang phdp u chua
Vgt li?u li dugc thdi nhfl 5-10 cm, sau dfl dupc trOn diu voi cdc chit bfl sung. Sau khi trgn deu, todn bg hon hpp dupc li chua theo phucmg phap u ttii (pouch method) ciia Tanaka vd Ohmomo (1995). Theo dfl, vgt li?u li dugc chia diu vdo cac tiii 2 Iflrp (Iflp trong Id tiii nylon vd 16p ben ngoai la tiii polyme) (10kg v§t li§u li/tiii, sfi
lugng tiii tuong ting vdi so iln liy mlu khdo sdt) vd dugc hiit hit khflng khi bdng mdy hiit chdn khflng de ddm bdo yim khi hodn todn. Sau dfl mfii tiii dugc dyng trong mpt xfl nhya vd bdo qudn trong dilu ki§n nhi§t dO thuflng (trong phdng thi nghi?m) trong thfli gian 4 thdng.
2.3. Cdc chi tieu theo dfli
Trong thfli gian bdo quan, mlu v§t li^u it dugc liy vdo cdc ngdy thii 30; 60; 90 vd 120 de khdo sdt cdc chi tifiu: (i) dO pH (diing mdy do pH), vgt chit kho (TCVN-4326-2001), protein thfl (TCVN 4328 -1:2007), hdm lugng nito NH3 (N- NH3) (AOAC. 920.03); hdm lugng cdc axit hOu CO (axit lactic, axetic, butyric) (AOAC 931.06); sfl lupng cdc VSV (VK lactic, nim moc vd nam men) tinh theo phuong phdp dupc dua ra b6i Scale vd cs (1990). Theo dfl, VK lactic dupc ciy tren moi truang thgch MRS; nam men va nam moc dupc nufli ciy tren mfli truang thgch chiia cao malt. Sfl lugng cdc VSV nay dugc tinh sau 3 ngdy li tai nhifit dO 30°C.
2.4. Xu I^ sfi lifu
Cae so li?u dugc xu ly so bp bdng Microsoft Excel va phan tich thflng ke theo phuong phdp thong ke sinh vgt hpe tren phan mem MINITAB phien ban 14.0. Kit qud thi nghi?m trinh bay trong cdc bdng sfl lifu Id gia trj trung binh ± sai so ciia sfl trung binh (SE). Tukey's -Test dugc sii dyng de so sdnh cdc gid trj trung binh ven dO tin cgy 95%. Cdc gia trj trung binh dugc coi la khae nhau cfl y nghTa thong ke khi gid trj P nhfl hon 0,05.
3. KET QUA VA BAN LU^N
3.1. Anh hu&ng ciia bS sung cdc chat bd tr^t sinh hge den sif thay dSi dp pH & cd voi u chua
MOt trong nhQng chi tiSu quan trpng phdn dnh chat lugng ciia hfin hgp u Id dp pH.
DINH DirOfNG VA T H O C A N C H A N NUOI
Bdng I. Anh hudng cua bfi sung cdc chit bfi triy sinh hpe din sv thay dfii pH cua cd vol trong qud trlnh bdo qud
Ch£ phdm Bio-SP
THIL T I U L m i l ) TH2B THIEZ TH2EZ RM (5%) DS (5%) KliS
0
6.24^
7 4.55' 4,61"
4.72' 4.66"
4.64"
4.45' 4.58' 4.39' 4.96' 5.24'
Thiri 14 4.46"' 4,55'' 4.55"
4.52"
4.52"
4.33' 4.45' 4.33' 4.67' 5.06'
(Il£m lliy mjiusau khl i 21 4.39"
4.42' 4.41"
4.41"
4,38"
4,12' 4.42"
4.11' 4.52' 5.11"
30 4.02' 4.36' 4.36' 4.39' 4.37' 4.09' 4.20"
4,or 4.47' 4.83"
(i (Rgity Ihli') 60 3.98"
4.06"
4.15' 4,11' 4,16' 4.05' 4.15' 3.96' 4.17' 4.66'
90 3.91"
3.90"
4.07"
4.01' 4.10' 4.03'' 4.06' 3.87*
4.09"
4.62' 120 4.10' 4.03"
4,13"
4.06"
4,09"
4.09"
4.10"
4,01"
4,09*
4,56' Ghi chu Trong cung mgt cgt cdc gid tri mang cdc cha cdi khdc nhau thi khdc nhau cd y nghTa ihdng ki.
d cdc NT cfl bfi sung cdc chit bfi trg, dfi pH gidm khd nhanh (tir 16 den 30%) sau 7 ngay li (pH bit ddu dua vdo che bien ciia cd Id 6,24), trong dfl NT cfl bfi sung ri mgt vd che phim TH I EZ, dp pH dd dgt den miic an todn cho mpt hon hgp cfl u chua (pH<4,5). Tuy nhien, toe dO gidm khong giong nhau gi&a cdc NT. Khi li vflri ri mgt vd chl phim THIEZ, gid trj pH ciia hon hgp u d 2 NT vdo cdc thai dilm khdo sdt (7; 14 vd 21 ngdy) Id thip hon cd. 0 NT cfl voi li vfli chl phim Bio-SP vd TH 1 EZ, dp pH ciia hfin hgp u thip nhit quan sdt dupc vdo ngdy thu 30 sau khi u va cfl xu hudng on djnh cho den ngdy thir 90. 6 cdc NT cfl bo sung cdc chl phim khdc, phdi sau 2 thdng, dfi pH mfli dgt din gid trj thip nhit vd cfl xu hui!mg fin dinh vd kit qud cung cho thiy khong c6 sy khdc bi^t c6 y nghTa thong ke vl gid trj pH giOa cac NT bo sung cdc chit cay VSV ciy (P>0,05).
So vdi cdc NT cfl bfi sung cdc chit bfi trp, sy biln dgng gid trj pH ciia NT dfii chiing cfl xu hudng khdc hdn. Sau 3 thdng li, dp pH 6 cdc NT cfl xu hu<img tdng nh? so v6i sau 60 ngdy li, dp pH deu cao hon miic 4,5 (mtic pH kh6ng an toan).
3.2. Anh hutWig ciia bfi sung cdc chit bfi ttff sinh h9C din s^ thay dfii hdm luvng v$t chit khovd protein thd it cd voi u chua
Sau 120 ngdy u, miic hao hyt vgt chit kh6 (VCK) rit khdc nhau giOa cdc NT (Bdng 2).
Ty If hao hyt VC K thip nhit thiy flr cdc NT c6 bfi sung cdc chl phim sinh hpe, dao dfing tir 9,4%
{b NT bfi sung Bio-SP) din 28,6% (* NT dfii chiing). Miic hao hyt VCK cao nhat thiy 6 NT dfii chiing. Sau 90 ngdy ti, hdm lirgng VCK cQa cfl voi flr NT ndy Id 14,42% (giam 11,5% so vdi luc 30 ngay sau khl li va gidm 28,6 % so vdi truac khi li).
Hdm lugng protein tho ciia cd ii Id 13,2% (tfnh theo VCK). Vdo liic 120 ngdy sau khi u cd, hdm lugng protein thfl dao dpng trong khodng 10,14 - 12,09%. d cdc NT bfi sung cdc che phim sinh hpe ty If hao hyt protein thd khd thip, chi dao dpng t^
8,4%. Trong dd, cdc NT cd bfi sung chl phim Bio- SP vd TH2L, TH2E td ra cd uu the hon vl vife lam gidm sy mit mdt hdm lugng protein tho theo tiioi gian bdo qudn. Sy hao hyt protein cao nhit thiy is NT dfii chiing (miic hao hyt gip tii 2 din 3 lan so vflri bfi sung cdc chl phim sinh hpe (P<0,00l). B6 sung ri m§t vd bfit sdn khd tuy lam ^dm muc hao hyt protein so vdi dfii chting, nhung miic hao hyt nay vln cao hon rit ddng k l (1,5-2 iln) so vdi cdc NT cd bfi sung cdc chl phim sinh hpe. Kit qua ciia thi nghifm ndy cho thiy tinh uu vift ciia vife sii dyng cdc chl phim VSV ciy trong chl biln TA th6 xanh bfing phuang phdp li chua. Bfi sung them enzyme phdn gidi chit xa khong anh hudng den sy thay doi hdm lirgng protein cua cd voi li sau 120 ngdy bdo qudn.
KHKT Chan nuoi Sd 12 - 2012
D I N H DU^CTNG VA T H l T C AN C H A N NUOI
Bdng 2. Anh hudng cua vife bfi sung cdc chat bo trpr sinh hpe den sy bicn dfing cua hdm lirgng VCK vd protein tho (Pr) cua cd voi
Co trirdc u
±- Bio-SP
± - T H l L
±- T H 2 L
± - T H I B
± - T H 2 B
± - T H I E Z
±- TH2EZ - R M (5%) - BS (5%) - K B S
SE P
0 VCK
19.8
20.37 21.63 19.8 1
Pr 13.20
12.96 13.01 13.20
VCK
18.87' 18.26' 18.74' 18,18' 18,82' 18,31' 18,77' 17,86' 18,67"
16,29"
0.224 0.000
T h M (tiii 30
Pr
12.97' 12.48' 12.90' 12.53' 12.68"' 12.36' 12.73' 11.71"
11.63"
10,99' 0.091 0.000
m liiy mau tinh tir ngity ir (ngity thir)
VCK
18.51' 17.73' 18.34' 17.6' 18.45"
17.64' 18,26' 16,97' 17.88' 15.03' 0.220 0.000
60 Pr
12.59' 12.10' 12.51"
12.15' 12.30"' 11.99' 12.35"' 11.36"
11,28"
10.66' 0.088 0.000
VCK
18.21"
17,23' 17,95' 17,12' 18,03"
17,07' 17.96' 16,33' 17,21' 14.42' 0.226 0.000
90 Pr
12.33' 11.86' 12.26' 11.91' 12.05' 11.75"
12.10' 11.13"
11.05"
10.45' 0.080 0.000
VCK
17.93"
16,82' 17,65*
16.86' 17.81' 16.79' 17.65' 16.02"
16.92' 14.14' 0.219 0.000
120 Pr
12.09"
11.62' 12,02"
11.68' 11.81"' 11,51' 11,86"' 10.72"
10.83' 10.14' 0,074 0,000 Ghi chu: Pr = protein thd (% trong VCK). Trong cimg mgi cgt cdc gid trj mang cdc chit cdi khdc nhau th'i
khdc nhau cdy nghTa thdng ke.
3.3. Anh hu-dng cua bfi sung cdc chit bfi trg Sau khi li 30 ngay, ham lupng nito amoniac sinh hgc din sy biln d§ng hdm lirgng nito (N-NH3) ciia co dao dpng tir 27,94 din 36,25 g/kg amoniac (N-NH3) trong co voi u chua nito (Bang 3).
Bdng 3. Anh hud'ng cua bfi sung cdc chit bfi trg' sinh hgc den sir thay doi hdm lup'ng N-NH3 ciia cfl voi trong qud trinh bao quan (g/kg)
Chat bo sung - Bio-SP -THIL -TH2L -THIB -TH2B -THIEZ -TH2EZ - RM (5%) - BS (5%) -KBS
SE P
30 28,97' 29,22' 28.68"' 30.41"
28,46"' 29,83' 27,94' 32,44' 33,01' 36.25' 0,153 0.000
Thdi diem lay mau sau 60 35.34"
35,63' 34,86' 36,10"
34,72' 36.39' 34.11"
39.87"
40.31"
44.83' 0.112 0,000
khi ir (ngdy thtr) 90 38,67' 40,35"
39.15' 41.66' 38.99' 4 1 . 3 r 38.31' 43.55' 45,27"
49,74' 0.145 0.000
120 40,22"
41.96' 40.71"
43.33' 40.55' 43.22"
39.84' 45.29' 47.08' 52,71' 0.151 0.000 Ghi chu: Trong ciing mgt cgt cdc gid tri mang cdc cha cdi khdc nhau thi khdc nhau cd y nghTa Ihdng ke.
Sau 120 ngdy bdo qudn, hdm lupng N-NH3 Luc 30 ngay sau khi u, hdm lugng N-NH3 d cac tdng len mtic tii 39,84 din 52,71 g/kg. Hdm lugng NT co bfi sung Bio-SP, THIL, TH2L, THIB, nito amoniac thip nhit tgi cdc thdi dilm quan sat TH2B, THIEZ vd TH2EZ chi dao dfing xung d cdc NT cd u ed bo sung cdc che phim sinh hgc. quanh miic tir 27,9 den 30,4 g/kg. Trong khi dd d
DINH DU*(>NG vA THUC AN C H A N N U 6 I
NT dfii chiing, miic ndy Id 36.25g/kg, cao han so vdi die NT khdc tii 19.2 din 29.7% (P<0,001).
Doi vdi cdc Id cfl bfi sung ri in§t vd bfit sdn thi lugng N-NM, Id 32,44 g vd 33,01 g/kg, cao han so vdi cdc NT cd bfi sung chl phim sinh hpe lir 6,7%
den 18,1% vd thip lion so vdi NT dfii chimg tir 8,9dln 10,5%(P<0.00I).
Sy biln dOng hdm lugng N-Nl h cd quan hf rit chjt che vdi sy bien dfing ciia ham lupng protein trong hfin hgp li theo Ihdi gian bdo qudn.
d nhUng NT ndo cd miic gidm protein eao thi hdm lugng N-NH3 cOng tdng cao.
3.4. Anh htrdng cua bfi sung cdc chit bfi trg sinh hgc den sy biln dfing hdm lirgng cdc axit h(hi CO trong cd vol u chua
Vdo luc 30 ngdy sau khi iJ, hdm lugng axit lactic Irong cd voi tuai u chua dao dfing tit 0,75%
din 1.29% (Bdng 4).
Bdng 4. Anh huAng cua bfi sung cdc chit bfi try sinh hgc din hdm luyng cdc axit h(hi co trong cd voi ii chua (% trong v$t chll kh6)
b6 sung Bio-SP THIL TH2L THIB TH2B THIEZ TH2EZ RM BS KBS
SE P
Lac 1.18' 1.20' 0.75"
1.29' 0.80"
1.26' 0.74"
1.22' 1.11' 0.76"
0.035 0.000
30 Ax 0.08' 0.05' 0.55' 0.04"
0.53' 0.05"
0.57' 0.16' 0.10'"
0.15' 0.015 0.000
Bu
•
0.003' 0.025'
•
0.001 0.000
Thdi a\im tiy miu Lac
1.30"
1.38' 0.70' 1.40"
0.73"
1.34"
0.69"
1.25"
1.12' 0.82"
0.027 0.000
60 As 0.26' 0.13' 0.75' 0.10' 0.73"
0.12' 0.74"
0.30"
0.29"
0.34"
0.031 0.000
Bu
•
0.007"
0.005"
0,035' 0.002 0.000
sau khi Lac 1.29"
1.40' 0.67"
1.40' 0.63' 1.40' 0.66' 1.21"
1.04' 0.89' 0.025 0.000
u (ngdy 90 Ax 0.27' 0.16' 0.85' 0.14"
0.87"
0.13"
0.86"
0.36' 0.46' 0.39*
0.018 0.000
thir) Bu
•
0,001"
•
0.001"
0.005"
0.004' 0.044' 0.003 0.000
Lac 1.17"
1.35' 0.48' U S ' 0.54"
1.35' 0.50"
0.90' 0.76' 0.52"
0.019 0.000
120 Ax 0,33"
0.18' 0.99*
0.17"
0.96' 0.16"
1.00"
0.62' 0.72*
0.67*
0.017 0.000
Bu
•
0.002"
•
0.007"
O.OOS"
0.019"
0.057*
0.005 0.000 Ghi chii: Lac: axil lactic,
tri mang cdc chu Ax: axil cdikhdc
axetic; Bu: axit butyric, nhau thi khdc nhau cdy
khdng phdi hien. Trong cimg mgt c^t cdc pa nghTa thdng ke.
Trong dd hdm lugng axit lactic cao nhit thiy d cdc NT cd voi u vdi cdc chl phim Bio-SP, THIL, THIB. THIEZ, ri mdt vd bgt sin dgt (tir 1,11% din 1,29%). Ham lugng axit lactic thip nhit thiy d cdc NT TH2L, TH2B, TH2E2 vd dfii chiing (ehi tir 0,74 den 0,8%). NhOng ket qua ndy cho thiy, hdm lugng axit lactic dgt d mirc cao sau 30 ngdy ii khdng chi thiy d cdc NT cd ed bfi sung cae chat cay VSV md cdn d cdc NT bfi sung ri m$t vd bpt sdn.
6 cdc NT cd u cd bfi sung TH2L, TH2B, TH2EZ, hdm lugng axit axetic rit cao (gip khodng 11 iln so vdi cdc NT cd bfi sung cdc chl pham VSV ciy chi gfim cdc VK lactic 16n men dfing chit (THIL, THIB vd THIEZ) (P<0,001).
Hdm lugng axit axetic trong cd voi u vdi ri m§t vd bfit sdn tir 0,16 vd 0,10% trong VCK, cao hon rit ddng kl so vdi cdc NT cd bfi sung cdc chl phim THI L, TH IB vd TH 1 EZ (P<0,001) va cung thip ban cd y nghTa thfing ke so vdi cac NT cd bfi sung cdc chl phim khae (P<0,001).
Vdo thdi dilm 30 ngay sau khi it, khdng phdt hi?n thiy cd axit butyric d cdc NT cd voi cd bo sung edc chl phim sinh hgc. Ngay cd NT cd vol u cd bfi sung bfit sfin cQng khdng phdt hi§n thiy co axit butyric. 6 NT cd voi 0 vdi ri m§t, ham lupng axit butyric d mirc rit thip (0,003%), nhung miic nay khd cao 6 NT dfii chimg (0,025%).
Qua Bdng 4, cd thi nh$n djnh ring bfi sung cdc chl phim VSV ciy kl cd dong chit vd di chat (THIL, THIB, TH2L, TH2B) dfi cdi thi^n dugc
42 KHKT Chan nuoi S6 12 - 2012
D I N H DU"OfNG VA THlTC A N C H A N NUOI
chat lupng cua cd voi ij vdi hdm lupng axit lactic, axetic cao han rit dang kl so vdi phuong phdp 0 chua truyin thfing va u chua khdng bfi sung chit bfi trg.
3.5. Anh hirdng eua bo sung cdc chat bo try sinh hgc din sy biln dfing m^t dp vi khuan lactic, nam men vd nim mfic trong cd voi u chua
Sau 30 ngdy ii. m|t dp VK lactic dgt miic 7,44 (tuong duong vdi 4,4 x lO' cfu/g v^t chat tuoi) d cdc mlu cd voi li cd bd sung cdc chl phim sinh hgc (Bdng 5).
Bang 5. Anh hudng ciJa bfi sung cdc chat bfi try sinh nim men vd nim mfic ir cd
hgc din sy biln d^ng m§t dg ciia cdc VK lactic, voi u chua (logio cTu/g)
Chitt Bio-SP
^
THIL TH2L THIB TH2B THIEZ TH2EZ RM BS KBS SE
P VL 7.44"
7.43"
7.47"
7.45' 7.48' 7.44' 7.49' 7.18' 7.17' 7.02"
0.02 0.000
30 NM 4.04' 4.10' 3.59' 4.11' 3.60' 4.13"
3.59' 3.95' 4.06' 3.95' 0.05 0.000
Nm 0.85' 1,00' 2,30' 0,80' 2.45' 0,89' 2,30' 2,84' 2,90' 4,22"
0,16 0,019
VL 7.71' 7.71' 7.75' 7.71' 7.76' 7.71' 7.76' 7.51' 7.47' 7.28"
0.02 0.000
Thirl dilm liiy mSu sau khi 60
NM 3.88' 3.99' 3.38' 3.93' 3.40' 3.93"
3,36' 3,84"
3,90"
3,97' 0,06 0,000
Nm 2.15' 2.00"
2.45"
1.85"
2.45"
1.85' 2.54"
2,80' 2,95' 4,22"
0,15 0.000
VL 7.76' 7.78' 7.91' 7.77' 7.92"
7.78' 7,92"
7,63' 7,61' 7,42"
0,02 0,000
ii (ngfty thii) 90 NM 3,44"' 3,46"
2.84' 3.46"
2.75' 3.47' 2.75' 3.49' 3.57' 3,51' 0,13 0,002
Nm 2,15"
2,30"
2.30"
2.00' 1.15' 2,15' 2,30"
2,80' 2,95' 4,30"
0,18 0,012
VL 7,81' 7,81' 7,96"
7,82' 7,96' 7.82' 7,96"
7,72' 7,70' 7.50"
O.OI 0.000
120 NM 3.23' 3.15' 2.45' 3.40' 2.69' 3.42"
2.69' 3.21"
3,27"
3,23"
0.09 0.000
Nm 1.24' 2.45*
2.45' 1.15"
2.30' 2.30' 2,45' 2.75*
2.69' 4.40"
0,13 0,017 Ghi chu- VL = vi khudn lactic, NM = ndm men. Nm = ndm mdc; Trong ciing mgt cot cdc gid trj mang cdc
cha cdi /chdc nhau thi khdc nhau cd y nghTa thdng ke.
0 ckc mau cd u vdi ri mat vd bdt san, mat dd VK lactic thip hon trSn 200 iln. 6 NT dfii chimg, mgt dp VK lactic thap nhat. Dd Id nguyen nhan gay nen sy tdng cham ham lupng cac axit huu co (Bdng 4) vd Idm cho dg pH gidm chdm (Bdng 1) d NT ddi chiing so vdi cdc NT khdc. Mdt dp VK lactic d cdc NT cd li cd xu hudng tdng din theo thdi gian bao quan. Tdc dp tdng khd nhanh trong 2 thdng bdo qudn ddu tien vd cd xu hudng chgm Igi d thdi ky sau dd. Tdc dfi tdng mgt dfi VK lactic d NT dfii chiing la thap nhat. Ci thdi dilm Idy mlu llic 90 ngdy, mgt dp VK lactic d cac NT cd li cd bfi sung edc che pham sinh hpe tir 7,76 den 7,92 logio cfii/g (tuong duong vdi 8 xlO' vd 9 x lO' cfu/g). Cl cdc NT li chua truyen thdng cung chi dgt miic 6 X lO' cfu/g va d NT dfii chirng cdn thap hon nhilu (4 x IO'cfu/g) (P<0,001).
Mat dp nam men d cdc mau cd voi vdo thdi diem liie 30 ngay sau khi Q khdng khdc nhau
nhieu giQa cdc NT (ngogi trir edc NT cd bd sung cdc chl phdm TH2L, TH2B va TH2EZ) vd dat miic 10* cfu/g vat chat tuoi. Mdt dfi thip nhit thiy d cdc NT cd bfi sung cac chl phim TH2L, TH2B va TH2EZ (6x10^ cfu/g) (P<0,001).
Vdo thdi dilm lay mau liic 30 ngdy sau khi it, mat dfi nim mfic d cd voi u chua tir 0,8 din 2,9 logio cfu/g. Ci NT dfii chirng mgt dp nim mfic cao nhit (tir 2 xlO* din 4 x lO" cfu/g). Dilu dd eho thiy, it CO voi khdng bd sung chit bfi trg khdng lam giam dp pH din mtic cin thilt cd thi kim hdm dugc sy phat triln ciia nim mfic vd do dd hi^u qud bdo qudn TA rit kem. M$t dfi nim mfic d edc NT cd voi li cd bfi sung chat bfi trg sinh hpe thip han khd nhieu (khodng 400 din 600 lan) so vdi cdc NT u truyen thfing. Mgt dfi thip nhit thiy d cdc NT cd it cd bfi sung cdc chl phim THIL, THIB vd Bio-SP (chi fren dudi 1000 cfu/g). Nhjn chung, mdt dfi nim mfic tdng theo thdi gian dy
KHKT Chan nuoi Sd 12 - 2012
43
DINH DUOtNG vA THUC AN C H A N N U 6 I
irO, nhung mirc tdng khdng nhilu, kl cd d NT dfii - Bfi sung chl phim da enzyme phdn gidi chiing vd cdc NT khdc. chit xa dfing thdi vdi chl phim VSV ciy dl u
chua cd voi khdng cdi thi§n dugc cdc chl ti6u chit 4. K £ T LU-4N lugng ciia hfin hap u so vdi chi bfi sung don dfic
- Sii dyng cdc chl phim VSV ciy TH I vd chit ciy.
TH2 (ldng vd bfit) dc chl biln cd voi bing - Khdng nfin chl bien cd voi bdng phuong phuang phdp it chua cho kk qud tfit hon ddng kl phdp u chua md khdng sir dyng chit bfi yg, \i so vdi phuang phdp it chua Iruyin thfing (bfi khdng bdo qudn dugc cd ii trong thdi gian ddi, v$t sung ri m§t hofic bfit sdn), thfi hi^n d khd ndng li^u ii bj thfii hdng nhanh, ty l§ hao hyt vgt chit bdo qudn (dfi pH); gidm hao hyt v§t chit khfl vd khd, protein Idn, axit butyric hi?n di§n d hdm protein; tdng hdm lugng cdc axit hQ-u eg hOu ich lugng cao.
(axil lactic, axetic); tdng mdt dd VK lactic, gidm sfi lugng nam men vd nim mfic so vdi u chua truyen thong.
SUMMARY
Efficiency of using inoculants in processing a n d preserving e l e p h a n t grass by silage Le Van Huyen. Bui Thi Thu Huyen, Tran Quoc Viel.
Dao Thi Phuong, Tran Viet Phuong, Sam Van Hai, Ninh Thi Huyen
Experiment of silage was implemented with 45 day - elephant grass. The unwilled grass were stored with supplement substances (seven kinds of inoculants, cassava meal, molasses and control group) to examine the efTect of adding inoculation on the quality of elephant grasses stored in silage.
Silage mixture of each treatment were stored in mini silos based on pouch method (Tanaka and Ohmono, 1995). During preserving process, sample of the silage in each treatments were collected at 30, 60, 90 and 120 days to examine: pH range, dry matter, crude protein, ammonla-N content, silage acids' content (lactic, acetic and butyric acid); microbial concentration (lactic microorganism, molds and yeasts). Results showed that storing elephant grass with implanted microbial products THI and TH2 brings about considerable improvements compared to conventional store method (adding cassava meal and molasses) for: increasing preservation capability (pH value); reducing dry matter and protein loss, increasing lactic microorganism concentration, reducing molds and yeast counts. Adding eellulolytic enzymes product simultaneously with implanted microbial product did not improve the quality of the silage mixture compared with adding implanted microbial product solely. The silage mixture of the control group had quickly decayed grass, high rate of dry matter and protein loss, high concentration of acid butyric and high counts of molds.
Key words: Inoculants, grass, preservation, silage, pH, ammonia - N.
TAI LI$U THAM KHAO 3. Seale. D. R, Pahlow.G. Spoehtra. S.F, Lindgren.S, Delliglio.F «nd LowcJ.F. 1990. Methods fw the 1. Francisco E., Contreras-Govea, Marsalis. M. A.. microbiological analysis of silage. Proceeding of the
Leonard M and Lauriault, 2009. Silage Microbial Eurobac conference, 147, Uppsala.
Inoculants: Use in Hot Weather Conditions. MN
Stale University. CoopeiBlive Extension Service. "*• Tanaka, O. & Ohmomo. S. 1995. A simple method www.aces.nmsu.edu of laboratory silage fermentation by using a plastic . „ .. . _ pouch for packing. Grassl. Sci., 41, 55fi59 [In 2. McDonald P, Henderson N, H.r«i, S. 1991. The Japanese with English summaryl.
Biochemistry of Silage, Second Edition. Chatcombe Publications, Marlow, Buckinghamshire, England.
44 KHKT Chan nuoi 86 12-2012
