NBHIEN CIIU KINH Tt
c a CHE, CHiNH SACH TAI CHINH
N H A M H U Y DONG, QUAN LY VA SUTDUNG CAC NGUON Lire TAI CHINH TRONG UlNG PHO von TAC DONG CUA DIEN DOI KHI HAU TAI VIET NAM
HOANG VAN HOAN *
Bien rtS khihgu (BDKH) ta mgf bong n/iOng tfiacti ftwit nghiem trpng iloi vdi nhan hai va Viet Nam tmng thekl XXI. Tuy nhien, do dieu kien kinh te dat nudc con nhieu khd khan, ngin sach va kinh nghiem quan ly con nhieu han che. Bai viet tap tmng phan tich thuc trang ca che, chinh sach tai chinh nham img pho vdi BDKH cOa Vi$t Nam, m^sovSnde^ra d6i vdi ca che, chinh sich tai chinh bien nay cho itng phd vi^ BDKH va gi/a/ phip nh^ hoan thien ca che, chinb sich tai cbinb huy dong, qu3niyvas& dung cac nguon luc tai cbinhcho BDKH d Viet Nam.
Tif khoaWKH, Ngudn luc tai chinti,. huy dgng nguon luc tii chinh, quan ly ngudn li/c tai cbinb, siJ" dung nguon li/c tai cbinb, (^ cbe, cbinb sach tai chinh huy dong, quan lyvas^ dung nguon life tai cbinb Ung pbo vdi
I
ThUC trang cd chl, chlnh sach tai chinh• nham huy dpng, quan ly va sur dung nguon IUC tai chinh flng phd vdi BQKH cfla Viet Nam
Mpt quoc gia dang phat thin cfl bd biln kdo dai tren 3000km, Vifit Nam Id mflt trong 30 quic gia d nguy cd chju tdc dfing Idn nhat cfla B9KH, dac bidt Id dfii vdi khu vuc ding bang sfing Cilru Long'^'.
Nhdn thflc ro nhflng tdc dflng nghiem trqng cua BBKH din sir phat trien ben vffng cfla dat nflflc, fiang vd Cbinb phfl Viet Nam da sdm d cdc chinh sdch flng phfi vdi BBKH. Trong sfi cdc chinh sdch dl, chinh phu da c l quan tdm dd'n van d l nguon luc tai chinh dli vdi boat dfing flng phfl BfiKH vd budc dau hinh Ihdnh cd che huy dfing ngufin luc
• Phd Gida su. Tien si. Phd Gidm dde Hoe vien Chinh n-i Kluivitel.
I - Bd Ke'hoach vd Ddu Tu, Bdo edo Tham ludn Hdi Ihdo ve Viie Ihue hien ehinh sdeh. phdp ludi ve Ung phd vdl bien ddi kbi hdu dViel Nam (2014). Hieu qud ddu luciia ede chucmg Irinh. du an ung phd vdl hien ddl khi hdu d nude la lit ndm 200? den nay vd d ddng bdng sdng CUu Long, de .\udi cdc gldl phdp ndng cap hiiu qua ddu lu vd sic dung ngudn vdn.
tai chinb trong nudc vd quic t l de flng phfl vdl BfiKH. Co chl, chlnh sdch tdi chinh huy dfing, quan ly va sfl dung nguin lijc tdi chinh i/ng phfl vdi BfiKH dupc hilu Id ting thl cac thl chl vd thiet chl dupc cu thl hod thdnh d c quylt djnh cfla Nhd nudc, cfla cdc d p , nham buy dfing, quan ly vd sfl dung co hidu qua nguin li/c tdi chinh d l thuc hidn cdc muc lieu flng pho vdi BfiKH. Cd che, chinh sdch ndy phan anh d c quan dilm, tu tudng, cdc giai phap, cfing cu, cdc nguydn tie vd phfldng thflc hdnh dfing cfla Nhd nflflc trong Iinh vuc tai chinh nham huy dpng, quan ly va sfl dung nguin luc tai chinh thi/c hifin nhffng muc tieu flng phfl vfli BDKH cfla dat nudc'". Theo d l , cdc nguin luc tai chinh cho flng pho vfli BfiKH tai Vifit Nam sd dupc thuc hidn qua cac kenh sau: Ngdn sdch nha nudc.
2 - De Idl cdp Nhd nudc. BDKH.59: Hodn Ihien co ehe.
ehinh sdch cat ehinh nhdm huy ddng. qudn ly vd su dung kieu qud ede ngudn luc ldi ehinh Irong ung phd vdi ldc- ddng cila BDKH lai Viei Nam. Hoe vien Chlnh In Khu vue I chu Iri.
TAP CHl S l A O DVC LY LUAN - S O 236 (12/2015) 43
cdc du dn BfiKH, d c quy todn d u cho flng phfi cdc chfldng trlnh qufic t l flng phi vdi BDKH, vdi BfiKH, ttt d c doanh nghifip trong nfldc va nhu sd d l dudi d d / " :
• l a i chinh choHDKH tai Viet Nam
• Vifin tra tit n g o ^
- C i c du an BDKH
- C i c quy toan ciu
• N g u 6 n T C trong nudc
• Chucmg trinh qutfc t€
- P R S C - S P — R C C - O F / C r F
- Iffl t ^ thie't va pliat tri^n Chiu Au
- Doaiih nghiep - Oic ca nhan - QSctd chlic xahOi - Cac quy nghien ciiu trong nlliSc
- Quy mdi tnrdng to&n cSu (GEF) - Quy Idu hJu xanh (GCF) - R E D D
- G F D R R
- BO Tai nguyen va Mdi trufmg - BA Ke' hoach va D^u tu
- BO N6ng nghiep va phSt trten nOng then.
- VOn song phuang vi, da phuang - T U tto bcri WB/ADB - Td chlic ptii chfnh phu - Lien Hgp QuOc
Sd do: Nguon tai chinh cho BQKH tai Viet Nam
D l CO thl hinh dung mpt each ro rdng hon ve dfing, quan ly va sfl dijng nguon tdi chinh nham thuc trang co chl, chinh sach tdi chinh trong huy flng phi vdi BfiKH, cfl t h l xem xet tflng nfii dung:
- Ve ca che, chinh sach huy dong nguon It/c 3 - De Id, cap Nhd nudc. BDKH-59. Hodn chien ca che'. tai chinhi Trong 4 nam qua (2010 - 2013), Viet i-hinh sdeh Idl ehinh Mm hu, dong. qudn ly 'vd sii dung fjgm da Xdy duno vd thuc hifin dUdc ttfin 200 hieu qua eae nguon lue lai chinh n-ong Ung phd vdi Ide , , ^ , - L - L r . ' ' arf rini^u o ' „ ddng eia BDKH mi Viel Nam. Here vien Chlnh Iri Khu vue hdhh dfihg Chinh SaCh Ildn flUan ddn BOKH. Bang ' '•'"'"'' dfldi ddy, ting bpp d c van ban quy pham phdp
44 TAP CHi SlAO DVC I * IUAN - Sl5 236 (12/2015)
NGHIEN cuu KINH Tt
ludt v l BBKH vd tdi chinh cho flng phfl vfli BBKH.
B a n g : Cac van ban quy pham phap luat ve tai chinh cho iJng pho vdi BOKH N6i dung
CAC VAN BAN QUY PHAM PHAP LUAT V{ TAI CHiNH CHO AUG PHfl Vfli B I I N BOI KHI HAU
Thong tu lien tich Hu&ng dan co che quan ly nguon von Chuong trinh Ho bo flng pho vdi BDKH (03/2013/Tn-T- BTNMT-BT(>BKHBT)
Thdng tu lien tjch Hudng dan quan ly, siji dung kinh phi ngan sach nha nuflc thuc hien chuong trinh muc tieu quoc gia ang pho vfli BflKH giai doan 2009-2015 (07/20111/ TTLT-BTNMT-BTC-BKHST)
:AC VAN BAN QUY PHAM PHAP LUAT LIEN QUAN B I N V/JN B 6 TAI CHINH CHO flNG PHO Vft BI^N BOI KHIHAU Luat Ngan sach nhd nuflc
Quygt djnh vS vl^c Ph6 duy6t danh muc du Sn do chuong tn'nh phat trier ciJa Lien Hpp Qu& (UNDP) tai tro - Du an
^Tang cudng nang luc thuc hiSn Chiln luac quOc gia v l BBKH (CBICS)(414/(3B-TTg)
Quygt dinh Phfe duyflt k l hoach hanh ddng qugc gia v l tang trudng xanh giai doan 2014 - 202Q(4Q3/Qfl-TTg) Quylt anh Phi duylt khung ma Iran chlnh sich nam 2014 thuoc chuong tn'nh h6 Ira flng ph6 BDKH (SP- RCC)(44/(3D-TTg)
Quyll dinh Phi duylt fli i n 'Phat Iriln cic dd lhi Vilt Nam ilng phd va BDKH giai doan 2013 - 2020'(2623/QD-TTg) Ouylt dinh v l vilc fldm phan vdi quy qugc t l v l vilc phat triln ndng nghiep (IFAD) higp djnh tai trg va cac van kien phip ly lifln quan cfla du I n "Thlch dng BDKH khu vuc ding bang sdng Cflu Long tai Bin tre va Tra Vinh'{2308/QO-
.OaL
Quygt d|nh ban hlnh khung hudng d§n lua chon uu tiln thlch flng vdi BDKH trong lap kg hoach phat trign kmh tg - xa hdl(1485/QD-BKHDT)
Quylt dinh Phfl duylt khung ma Iran chlnh sflch nam 2013 thudc Chuong trtnh h i tro flng ph6 vdi BDKH (SP- RCC)(1628/QD-TTg)
Quygt dinh Phg duylt cac du fln thanh phan Ihudc Chudng trinh muc tieu quoc gia ilng pho vdi BDKH giai doan 2012 2015(1651/(ai-BTNMT)
Quyet djnh Phfl duylt Dfl I n quSn ly phit thSi ggy hiflu umg nha kinh; quan ly hoat ddng kinh doanh tfn chi Cac bon ra lhi tn/dng thg gidi (1775/ClD-TTgl
Quygt dinh v l vilc ban hanh Kg hoach hanh ddng quoc qia ve BBKH giai doan 2012 - 2020 (1474/QD-TTg) Quygt dinh Phfl duylt chudng trinh muc tieu qugc gia vg Sfl dung nang lUdng tigt kiem va hieu qua giai doan 2012 - 2015|1427/QD-ng)
Quygt dinh v l vilc ban hflnh he thing chi tidu theo ddi, giam sat va danh gia thuc hien chuong trinh muc tilu quic gia dnq phd vdi BDKH giai doan 2012 - 2015(1788/QD-BTNMn
Quygt dinh Phi duyll Quy hoach thfly loi ddng bang sdng CiJiu Long giai doan 2012 - 2020 va dinh hudng den nim 2050 tronq dilu kiln BflKH, nudc bien dang (1397/QD-ng)
Quyll dinh Phi duylt Chiln luoc qudc qia ve Tang tnldng xanh (1393/Qfl-TTg)
Quyel dinh Phi duyet chuong trinh muc tilu quoc gia dng phd vdi BDKH giai doan 2012 - 2015(1183/QB-TTg) Quyll dmh Phi duygt Khung ma Irln chlnh sich nam 2012 Ihudc Chuong trinh Ho tro Ong phd vdi BDKH (SP- f!CCl(l692/Qfl-TTg)
Quyet djnh v l viflc Phi duyflt danh muc cac d l tai khoa hgc va cdng nghe Ihuc hifln tU nflm 2013 thudc chuong trinh (hoa hoc vfl cdng nghi phuc vu chugng trinh muc tiflu guic g'la dng phd vdi BBKH (1262/QB-BTNMT1 Quylt anh Phfl duyll Chudng trinh hanh ding gulc gia ve 'Giam phat thai khi nha kfnh thdng gua no luc han che mat rdng va suy thoii rilng, quan ly bin vflng tai nguyfln rirng, bao ton va ning cao trii lugng cac bon rflng (799/Qfl-
LM
22 Quyll dinh ban hflnh k l hoach hanh ddng dng phd vdi BBKH ctia Bd Tai nguyen va Mdi tn/dng giai doan 2011 - 2015(24"l6/QB-BTNMTl '
23 Quylt dinh v l vHc ban hflnh quy chl hoat ddng ci^a ban chO nhiem chugng trinh muc tiflu quoc gia dng phd vdi BBKH(447/QB-tTgl
^ghi Quylt v l kit qui giflm slt va day manh vilc thuc hUn chinh sach, phap luat ve dng phd BBKH d dong bang sing Culu Longl853/NQ-UBTVQH13l
Nqhi quylt v l Chu ding dng phd vtf BBKH, tang cudng quan Iv tai nguven va bao ve mdi tnldng[24-NQ/TW) Chf thi v l vilc t l chdc thuc hifln nghi dinh thu Kyoto thudc cdnq udc khung cua Lien Hop Quoc ve BBKH
TAP CHl GlAO DLIC L* LU^N -S6 238 (12/2015) 4 5
NGHIEN Cliu KINHTE I |(35/2005/CT-TTG)
- Ve CO dhe, Mnh sach quan ly nguon lire tai
n
chinh img phd vdi BBKH:
+ fid t r i l n khai cac k l hoach hdnh dong cap quic gia, dja phudng, cdc d u an flng pho vdi BfiKH, bao g l m : Chudng trinh muc lieu Quoc gia;
Chuong binh h i trp flng phfi vdi BflKH; Chuang blnh khoa hpc vd cflng nghd q u i c gia ve BflKH;
T r i l n khai Chuong blnh Giam phdt thai khi nha kinh thflng qua'cac no li/c ban cbe mat rflng va suy thodi rflng, quan ly rflng b i n vflng, bao ton va ndng cao trfl Iflflng cdc-bon tfl rtmg (REDD+);
T r i l n khai i/ng phd vdl BfiKH tai cac Bfl, nganh.
* ( ^ n g tdc phdn b l nguin luc tdl chinh. Cac nguon luc tdi chinh cho flng p h i vdi BDKH d Viet Nam v i n chfl y l u Id qua kdnh ngdn sdch nha nudc.
Nguin vfin giai ngdn ttt cac nha tdl M se duoc hoa vdo ngdn sdch nhd nudc, sfl dung be thong ngan sdch d l b l tli cho cdc nhiem vu cbi, trong do co nhidm vu chi cho BDKH. Do dfl chflng phai tuan thu nhflng quy djnh can ban cfla Luat Ngdn sach (PSiA- II, 2012). Cdc nguin ODA cho cdc du an BflKH dupc uu tien d l thi/c hien cac boat dpng trong khufin k h i cua Chfldng trlnh muc tieu quoc gia tnrdc sau d l mdi d i n cac hoat dflng trong khuon k h i Chuflng ttlnh ho trg flng phfl. Vific quan ly ngan sdcb phdn b l cho Chudng trinh muc tieu qudc gia vd BOKH tudn theo cdc quy dinh v l cac Chuang trinh muc tlfiu qufic gia theo Quylt djnh so 135/09- TTg (2009) va Thfing t u lien bp s i 7/201 OfTTLT- TNMT-BTC-BKOT (thay bang Thflng tu lien bo so 03/201S/TTLT-BTNMT-BTC-BKHDT).
* Cfing tdc xdy di/ng vd xet duyet du an BOKH: Theo q u y l t a n h so 1719/QO-ng, MONRE se cung cap hudng dan xay dung ho sa d u dn BfiKH cho cac bfl, nganh va cac dia phuong dua trdn cac can cfl xet duydt d u a n theo Cflng van hudng d i n 3939/BTNMT-KTTVBDKH (2011). H I so d u an BDKH phai dflOC gfli cho Bp Tdi nguyen va Mfii tn/flng (MONRE) de hpi dong lidn ngdnh xdt duyfit. Can cfl trdn k i t luan cua hpi d i n g , MONRE se dua ra danh sach cac du an va lay y k i l n cua 02 Bfl Id Bp Tai chinh (MOF) va 86
Ke hoach va Dau t u (MPI). Sau dfl MONRE se len danh sach chinh thflc va trinh Thu tucmg duyet. Can cfl tren danh sach dupc phe duyel, I^PI phfl'i hop vfli IVIOF d l thu xep von cho cac dii an nay. Vo'n dugc phan bo se dupc tinh vao ngan sach phan bo hang nam cua cac bp. nganh va dia phuang. Cac bp nganh, dja phuong co du an BflKH duac phe duyet va thu xe'p nguon von phai bao cao tinh hinh thuc hien cho MPI, MOF »a MONRE. MPI sau do se bao cao lai cho Thu tudng va cac nha tai trp.
-I- Chfl the xay dung, thuc hien cd che, chinti sach tai chinh quan ly nguon luc tai chinh irng pho vdi BflKH; Chinh phu thong nhat quan jy nha nuflc ve Ung pho vfli BOKH trong pham vi ca nuflc; Bp Tai nguyen va Moi truflng chju trach nhiem trudc Chinh phu trong viec thong nhat quan ly nha nudc ve flng pho vdi BDKH; fly ban Quo'c gla ve BflKH (NCCC): chu tri, dieu phoi, hai hda va theo doi cac chuong trinh tang truflng xanh va BOKH; To cong tac ve BOKH cua Bp Ke hoach va Dau tu; cap nhat thuang xuyen linii hinh tai chinh danh cho BDKH; Bp Tai nguyen vj Moi truflng; la co quan di dau trong viec xay dung chinh sach BflKH fl Viet Nam. Bp Nong nghiep va Phat trien nong thon (MARD); la m6l trong nhung bp chu dpng ung pho vfli BflKH; B4 Cong thuong (MOIT); ddng val tro quan trpng trong xay dung cac phuang phap ve chie'n lupc tie't kiem nang lugng va giam nhe phat thai trong cac doanh nghiep; Bp ke hoach va flau tu; ngay cang gia tang vai tro trong viec xay dung va th^c hien chinh sach tang trudng xanh va BDKH. MPI la phoi hop chat che vdi MONRE va MOF trong thuc day chinh sach va thuc hien chuc nang la cac CO quan dieu phoi. Oieu phoi fl cap tinh; uy ban nhan dan cap tinh/thanh pho (PPC) dong vai tro quan Irong trong viec xay dung chien luoc BDKH va tang trudng xanh 0 cap dia phuong.
+ Cong tac giam sal va danh gia, do cac dir an BOKH trong khuon kho Chuong trinh h6 Iro Ung pho co nguon tfl ngan sach Nha nuflc nen
46 TAP CHI GIAO DUG LV LUAN - s o 238 (12/2015)
vific ddnh gid vd gidm sdt se tuan theo Nghj djnh 113/Nfi-CP (2009) va Nghj dmh 29/Nfi-CP (2011). Trang hai nam (2013 vd 2014), ngdn sach Tmng udng thfing qua ChUdng frinh SP-RCC mdi b l fri khoang 1.000 t^ ding de budc diu friln khai 16 dl/ an frxing danh myc. Trong qud frinh b l In vin va sfl dung vin, mfit so du an chua bam sdt muc tidu dng phfl vdi BfiKH, cflng-nhfl cdc khdu quy hoach, thilt k l , ky ttiuat, cfing nghd khfing dugc kilm tra, giam sat day du™;
- Ve cd che, chinh sach si? dung nguon it/c tai chlnh Ong phd vdi BDKH: Xuat phdt tfl tinh hlnh Uiuc t l ndu trdn vd kha nang cam kit vin cua cac nhd tai frg, cac co quan lidn quan tiln hanh rd sodt lai cdc du an trang danb muc thufic Chuang Mnh SP-RCC, trdn co sd dd sap xip thfl tu uu tifin dau tu, tap frung nguin vin dau tu cdc du dn cap bdch, dua trdn cac tidu chi uu tidn nhu sau:
LTu tdn dau tu cdc hang muc/bgp phan cua du an cfl tinh Ilng ghep, da muc tteu, tac dfing fruc tilp din sin xuat nfing nghifip; LTu tifin dau tu du an cfla cdc dia phuong cfi dilu kidn khfi khan vd chju tac dflng fri/c tiep cfla BfiKH; L/u ttdn dau tu du an v l fring, phuc hll rimg ngap man ven bien.
Nhin Chung, nguin luc tdl chinh sfl dung cho BOKH Id cd hidu qua, ddp flng cac muc tteu dat ra. Cu ttil: Cdc dfl dn dau tu phfl hgp vdi quy hoach phat triln ngdnh, vflng vd dia phflong, gflp phan thflc day phat friln kinh t l xd hfii bin vflng;
Id dfing luc huy dfing cdc nguin vin cfla dja phflong, ODA, vd khu vuc tu nhan; ndng cao nhan ttiflc cfla toan xa bpi v l BfiKH; gfip phan cai each ttil chl theo hflflng flng phd cfl hifiu qua vdi BfiKH; xdy dflng cdc ludn cfl khoa hpc chp vific flng phi CO hifiu qua vdi BfiKH; xdc dinh cac glai pbdp iJng pho vfli BOKH trong cac ITnh vuc uu tidn Cap nhat K l hoach hdnh dfing flng pbl vfli BBKH cua tttng dia phflong''';
4 • Bd Tdl Nguven vd Mdl Irudng. Bdo edo hin quan den bii iH ngudn vd'n eho cde du dn Ung phd vdi bien ddi khi hdu phue vu phien hqp Thudng true Chinh phu ngdy 171912014 5 - D^ ldi cap Nhd nude. BDKH.59: Hodn thiin co ehi'.
chlnh sdeh Idt chlnh nhdm huy ddng. qudn ly vd sU dung
2. Mpt SO van de dat ra doi vdi cd chl, chinh sach tai chinh hien nay cho flhg phd vdi BBKH
- Cdc chinh sdch v l tai chinh nham huy dfing nguin luc cho ndng cap hidu qua flng phfi BfiKH chua ttiuc sudly dfl, ding bfi, nhd't Id chua cfl cd chl d l khuyen khich, huy dfing cac nha dau tu frong vd ngodi nudc;
- fiang ttiieu cac thfing tin tfl'ng quan v l cdc ttianh pban cua tai chinh BOKH vd cdc chinh sach d l huy dfing cdc nguin tai chinh b/ cac quy khi hau quic t l . Do vdy md mac dfl hidn nay cfl rat nhilu quy hfl frg, nhflng cac y tudng v l chuong trinh/du an khi frinh len lai bj coi la khflng hgp Id,...
- Vific diu tu tfl khu vuc tu nhan cfin thieu su hdp tdc dli mdi vd hidu qui tfl khu vuc cfing thfing qua vide tao ra mfii tn/dng thl chl va dau b; ldnh manh.
- Cd ohl tang nguin thu lly tU nhttng ngufin vin cua tu nhidn thflng qua hd thfing thul, phi, phat vi pham... cdn nhilu han chl.
- Nhilu thda thuan du an sfl dung tai chinh BDKH quic t l khfing cd ttiam van vdi dja phudng.
3. Giai phap hoan thien cd che, chinh sach tai chinh nham huy dong, quan ly va siJr dung cac nguon luc tai chinh cho BDKH d Viet Nam
Jhil lihSt, ve hoan thien ca che, chinh sach tai chilt huy dgng nguon It/c lai chinh Ong phd vdi BDKH:
- Tang quy mfl huy dfing tai chinh cho BfiKH tbong qua vide li/a chpn cfing cu giam nhe, dam bao sfl tnjng lap v l tdi khfla, nhfl: Oil mdi, hodn thifin v l thul tai nguydn; nghidn cflu, xdy dung ttiul bao ve moi tnrdng; hodn thifin chlnh sach cho ttiud mfii frudng rflng kinh doanh; budng tdi dinh gid cac-bon; xdy dung quy che difin tdl tao d l ttiu hflt cdc nhd dau tfl didn tdi tao Idn lufli;
djnh gia san pbam xang diu linh boat, phan anh dfl chi phi; cai each Quy Binh on gia xang dau,...
- Thuc day hop tac cong - tu ttong flng phfl vfli
hiiu qud cdc ngudn luc Idl ehinh trong Ung phd vdl tde ddng eua BDKH tai Viil Num. Hoc v,en Chinh Iri Khu vuc I chu
T»P CHl GIAO oyc IV LUAN - SO 23B (12/2015) 47
NGHIEN ciu KINHTE
BOKH. D l cfi ttil ttiln khai dflgc mfi hlnh PPP, vai ttfl cOa Nha nudc Id rat quan ttpng, ttil hien d 4 vai frd sau: (1) Khdl xudng hpp tac cfing ttr; (11) Ofii tac ttong bpp dong PPP; (iii) Hi ttg cac nhd dau tu tu nhdn;(iv) Quan ly su phdt frien cfla PPP.
- Huy dfing ngufin luc tai cbinb flng phi vdi BOKH thfing qua cac djnh chl tmng gian (thj trudng cac-bon, trai philu xanh...)
- Huy dfing nguin luc tdi chi'nh tfl nguin vin vay uu dai va vien bg cOa nuflc ngodi flng phfi vfli BOKH; tan dung h i ttg cua cdc QuJ, nghien cflu v l kha nang, dS ttigng, linh vuc uu tien, cd che tilp cdn cfla Quy ttiich flng, Quy khi hau xanh; cdc quy tie tdi chinb da lupc ttiing nhat cho boat dfing ndng cao tttt lugng caobon, bao tin, quan ly rflng bin vflng (REDb+) (ttieo kit luan cfla COP 19), vd cdc bl ttfl khac tdl nam 2020 d l xuat cac du an phfl hpp ttIp can cdc nguin vin ndy.
- Sflm thdnh lap quy BDKH Vidt Nam, cflng gin giing nhu cdc nguin quy khac, ddy la mfit cd chl tdi chinh c l tinh dfic lap, vide hinh thdnh quy ndy se Id dja chi thu hflt cac nguin tdi chinh cfla Nbd nudc vd xd bfii bo sung ciio dau tu tai chinh h i tnj cho thich iJng va giam ttiilu cua BDKH.
ThO hai, hoAn thien ca che, chinh sach tai chlnh nham quan if ngudn iuc tai chinh Ong phd vdi BDKH:
- Oli mfli cfing tdc lap k l hoach va du loan ngdn sdcb cho ttng pbl vdi BDKH theo hudng ctiuyin doi ttt tap tmng vdo mijc tteu kinh t l sang muc tidu phdt triln bin vflng.
- Ndng cao vai frfi cua U9 ban qufic gia v l flng phi vdi BfiKH; ding ttidi tang cudng phli hpp gitta cac cd quan hoach djnh chinh sdch v l ttng pho vdi BfiKH, cung nhu lifin kit cac chinh sach vdl boat dfing flng phfl vdi BflKH cfla cdc bfi, ngdnh vd tinh, thdnh;
- Phdn tich ngdn sdch vd chi tidu lien quan din BBKH dua tren cd sfl bang chflng se giflp phli hpp quan ly cdc nguin luc tdi chinh hidu qua hdn gifla ddn vi cap va ddn vj sfl dung.
- Tang cudng boat dfing gidm sat va danh gid cung nhu co chl bdo cao trong nam. fide biet.
can tang cudng tfnh tt/ chfl, tt'nh minh bach, ttach nhiem giai trinh va sfl dung hidu qua cac nguon vin d l dam bao cd mflt cd chl tai chinh vilng chac d l chfl dpng trang cufic chlln flng phi vfi BflKH vd tang truflng phdt frien kinh t l , dua diii nudc phdt triln bin vflng.
ThO ba, ve hoan thien ca che, chinh sach lai chinh nham sO dung nguon It/c tai chinh Ong iM vdi BDKH:
- Nguin luc tdi chinh flng phfi vdi BOKH can dupc sfl dung vdo nhttng dtt an dau tu c l chpn lua. Nhd nudc can cd chiln lupc tmng vd ddi han d l dam bid nguin tdi chlnh bin vttng ddp flng dugc cac hoat dfing thich flng vdi BfiKH.
- Tilp tuc Ilng ghdp va tang cudng vide thiic hien chuong frinh hanh dfing qufic gia flng pho vfli BfiKH theo k l hoach thflng qua vide dp dung tich hpp vdp K l hoach phat triln kinh t l - xa hfi ddi ban, tmng han vd ngan ban. fii xuat v l long ghep BfiKH vao k l hoach:
- Cap quic gia: Tilp cdn lidn ngdnh. Chlnh sach vd ludt phdp vdi mfit each tiep cdn quic gla bao glm chinh sdch thul, chinh sach tdi chinh, chinh sach thuong mai vd cdc quy djnh quan ly dau tu khu vuc tu nhdn, blo vd vd sfl diing tai nguydn thidn nhifin vd quy hoach khfing gian quy mfl Idn.
Clp ngdnh/tlnh: Ling ghep vdo chlnh sach/kl hoach nganh vd tinh. Vi du Bp Giao thfing Van tai, Bp Nfing nghidp va Phdt triln Nfing thfin, Bfi Cflng thuPng, cdc Bp Y t l va BJ Giao due vd Oao tao. Chinh sach vdi cdch tilp can theo ngdnh bao glm, vi du nhu bfl tidu chuan xdy dung vd thilt ke cho phat triln co s5 ha tang, cac quy djnh khung gia oho cdc loai cdy trlng vd sfl dung cac kJ thuat nfing nghidp, va chudng trlnh hpc.
- Cap du dn: Cdc cd quan cap du dn la nhflng ngudi chju trdch nhiem thuc hien mflt boat dflng hoac mat nhdm cdc boat dfing cu thl md cdc muc ttdu vd cac thfing s l cd ban (cung nhu phdn bo ngdn sacb) da dugc thilt lap bfli cap cao han (thuflng Id mpt chudng trinh nganh).a
48 TAP CHl SlAO DVC LV UIAN - S6 236 (12/2019
