TAP CHi KHOA HQC TRXSJJNG BAI HQC H 6 N G B C C - S6 40.2018
KET QUA NGHIEN CUtJ TUYEN CHON M Q T SO GIONG LUA JAPONICA TRONG VU XUAN NAM 2017 TAI THANH HOA
Tong van Giang', Mai Nhii- Thdng^ Nguyin Ba Though, Lg Nggc Quan*
TOM TAT
Nghien cieu tuyin chgn mgt sd gidng lua Japonica dieac thycc hiin tai xd Hoang Quy, huyen Hodng Hoa vd xa Ddng Ninh, huyen Ddng San - Thanh Hoa vu Xudn ndm 2017. Muc tiiu nghien cieu: Xdc djnh 1-2 giong co nang sudt cao >6,0 tdn/ha, thai gian sinh tne&ng ngdn, chong chiu tdt v&i sdu binh hgi, chdt liegmg cao. Vgt li$u nghiin cieu gom 10 gidng duac chgn tgo tie cdc ca quan khoa hgc Viet Nam, giong ddi chimg Id BT7. Thi nghiim bd tri theo kiiu khdi ngdu nhiin day du (RCB), 3 Idn nhdc lgi, dien tich 6 10 m^, mat dg cdy 45 khom/m^, 2 ddnh/khdm. Ket qud nghiin ciru dd tuyen chgn dug'c 2 giong co ndng sudt cao han gidng BT7 (D/Cl) vd DSl (D/C2) & mice xdc sudt co y nghia P=95% Id: GiSng DS3 (6,81 tdn/ha) vd gidng J02 (6,73 tdn/ha). Cdc giong Japonica dirac tuyin chgn cd miii tham nh?, thai gian sinh tru&ng ngdn (131-134 ngdy), nhiem nhe hogc khdng nhiim cdc logi sdu benh hgi chinh vd thich img v&i dieu kien canh tdc trong VM Xudn cua tinh Thanh Hod.
TJJrkhda: Chdt lugng cao, miii tham, ndng sudt cao, vuxudn, liia Japonica.
l . D A T V A N D E
Cay Ilia trdng Oryza sativa dupe phdn lam cac Ioai phu: Oryza sativa indica, Oryza sativa japonica va Oryza sativa javanica. Hidn nay liia Japonica chiem khoang 20% tdng di6n tich trdng liia the gidi va gao Japonica chidm khoang 12% thi phdn toan cdu. Ciing vdi su phat trien cua n6n kinh te thi trudng, co edu tigu dung gao d cac nude Au - My, Nhat Ban, Han Qudc, Trung Qudc, Dai Loan... da thay ddi nhanh chdng, chuydn tu gao chdt lupng thdp sang gao chat lupng cao, tu gao Indica hat dai sang Japonica hat tron, trong do ed cae nude thupe khu vuc ASEAN vd Viet Nam (Hoang Tuydt Mmh, Dd Nang Vmh, 2006) [6].
Trong nhiing viia nam qua, Vien Quy hoach va Thidt k6 ndng nghiep - Bd Ndng nghiep va PTNT da hpp tac vdi Nhat Bdn trdng thu mpt sd gidng liia Japonica tai Thai Binh, Hai Duang, Ninh Binh, Yen Bdi vd mot sd dia phuang khac (Hoang Tuy^t Minh, Dd Nang Vinh, 2006) [6], [10], Kdt qua nghien cuu eho thdy: Liia Japonica cd ndng sudt cao, thdi gian sinh trudng ngdn, chiu thdm canh, chiu rdt, chdng chiu dupe ahihu loai sdu benh hai, thich nghi vdi diSu kien sinh thai cua midn Bdc Viet Nam, chdt lupng gao tdt va gia tri hang hda cao. Vi vay, phat triSn liia Japonica la m^t hudng mdi trong nghd trdng liia d mi8n Bae nude ta.
' Gidng vien khoa Nong Ldm Ngu nghiep. Tru&ng Dai hpc Hdng Due
^ Sa Nong nghiep vd PTNT Thanh Hda
'^HQC vien cao hoc K9. ldp Khoa hpc Cdy trdng, Tru&ng Dgi hgc Hdng Dire
TAP CHi KHOA HQC TRlTdNG BAI HQC H 6 N G BlTC - SO 40.2Q18
C) Thanh Hda cdy liia vln la cdy luang thyc quan trpng, chu luc trong ca cau cay trdng. Tai day, gidng liia dang dupe gieo trdng chii yeu la cac gidng loai phu Indica cd nang suat cao, nhung phdm chdt con nhi6u han chd, khdng dap ling dupe yeu cau su dung cac Ioai gao chat lupng phuc vu ndi tidu va xudt khdu. Mat khac, trong nhiing nam vua qua vide su dimg gidng liia loai phu Japonica cdn it, cdc nghien cuu xac dinh gidng cho tiing tieu vung sinh thai va cac mua vu chua nhiSu. Xudt phdt tii yeu cau neu tren, viee nghien Ciiu tuyen chpn gidng liia Japonica trong vu Xudn tai Thanh Hda la hoan toan edn thidt, nham dap ung yeu cau tai ca cdu nganh ndng nghiep eiia tinh theo hudng ndng cao gia tri, gia tang va phat trien ben vihig.
2. NOI DUNG
2.1. Vdt li^u, dia dilm, n$i dung va phuang phdp nghidn cihi 2.1.1. Vgt lieu, dia diim vd thai gian nghien cihi
Vat lieu nghien cuu gdm 9 gidng thudc loai phu Japonica do Vi?n Di truyen Ndng nghiep, Vidn Cdy luang thyc va Cay thyc phdm - Vidn Khoa hoc Ndng nghiep Viet Nam nhap ndi va ehpn tao: DSl, DS3, JOl, J02, PIO, PC26, TBJl, TBJ2, TBJ3 vd 1 gidng thupe loai phu Indica do Cdng ty Cd phan gidng cay trdng Thanh Hda cung ling Id: Bdc thom sd 7 (BT7) ddi chiing 1 (D/Cl). Ddng thdi thi nghi?m sCr dyng gidng DSl ldm D/C2.
Thi nghiem thye hien trong vu Xuan 2017 tai 2 diem: (1) xd Hodng Quy - huyen Hodng Hda tren dat phii sa trong dd sdng Md khdng dupe bdi hang nam co dp phi trung binh, PHKCI= 5,9; chdt him co (OM) = 4,82%; dam tdng sd (N) = 0,26%; Idn tdng sd (P2O5) - 0,15%; kah tdng sd (K2O) = 1,27%. (2) xa Ddng Ninh - huyen Ddng Son, tren ddt phii sa cd khdng dupe bdi hang nam ed dp phi trung binh, PHKCI= 5,4; chdt huu ca 0M= 5,2%; dam tdng sd (N) = 0,29%; lan tdng sd (PiOs)^ 0,11%; kali tdng sd (K20)= 1,98%.
2.1.2. Phuangphdp bd tri thi nghiem, biin phdp ky thugt canh tdc vd chi tieu theo doi Phuangphdp bd tri thi nghiim; C) cd 2 dia diem thi nghiem dupe bd tri theo phuang phap khdi ngdu nhien ddy du (RCB), 3 Idn nhdc lai, di$n tieh d lOm^ (2,5m x 4m) theo Nguyen Huy Hodng va cpng sy (2017) [5].
Cdc bien phdp ky thugt canh tdc: O cd 2 dia didm thi nghipm ddu gieo ma vao ngdy 20/1/2017, cdy khi cdy ma dat dupe 3,6 - 4,3 la (20 ngdy). Mat dp cdy 45 khdm/m^; 1 danh/khdm. Phdn bdn (tinh cho 1 ha): Phan hiiu co vi sinh Sdng Gianh 1,0 tdn + 500 kg vdi bdt + 90 kg N + 100 kg P2O5 + 90 K2O. Cac bien phap k^ thuat canh tac khac thyc hi^n theo QCVN 01-55:2011/BNNPTNT ciia Bd Ndng nghiep va PTNT [1].
Sd lieu vd dac didm ndng sinh hpc, tinh hmh nhiem sau b?nh hai, cdc y6u td cdu thanh nang sudt va nang sudt ly thuyet la sd lieu trung binh 2 diSm thi nghipm. Nang sudt thyc thu la sd li^u rieng bi?t tumg diem nghidn ciiru. Cac chi tieu theo doi dupe danh gid theo QCVN 01-55:2011/BNNPTNT ciia BO Ndng nghi?p vd PTNT [1] va h? thdng tieu chudn danh gid ngudn gen Iiia quoc td (IRRI, 1996) [8]. Cae chi tieu chdt lupng dupe idy
TAP CHI KHOA HQC TRlTClNG BAI HQC HONG BtTC - S 6 40,2018
mlu tai Dong Ninh - Dong Son, danh gia cam quan va phSn loai cdc chl tieu chat luong theo TCVN 8373:2010 ciia Bg Khoa hpc va Cong nghe nSm 2010 [2] va IRRI (1996) [8],
55 liSu duge xil ly bang ph&i m t o thdng ke sinh hgc IRRISTAT version 4.0 va Excel 6.0. Danh gia sir sai khac giiia cac gidng theo tham s6 LSD d miic xac suat co y nghia P=95%.
2.2. K i t qud nghien cull va thdo lu^n
2.2.1. Bac diim sinh tnrang giai doan mg ciia cdc giSng liia thi nghiem trong vu Xudn 2017 tgi Thanh Hoa
56 U?u bdng 1 cho thdy
S6 la cay ma sau 20 ngay dat tu 3,6 - 4,2 la; chiSu cao bi6n dong tir 13,2 - 15,9 cm.
Giong c6 chieu cao thSp nhit la PIO (13,2 cm) va TBJ2 (13,5 cm). Gi6ng c6 chieu cao cay cao nhdt la BT7 (15,9 cm) va giSng TBJ3 (15,4 cm).
Cac gi6ng co siic smh tmdng tir d i t o 1 dSn didm 5 (danh gid theo IRRI, 1996) [8] va duge phan thanh hai nhom: Nhom phdt hi6n tnmg binh (di6m 5) gdm 4 gidng Japonica: PIG;
BJl; TBJ2; TBJ3 va gidng BT7 (D/Cl). Nhdm phdt triSn khde (didm 1) gdm 4 gidng cdn Iai.
Bdng 1. M^t $6 chi ti§u sinh trvihig, phdt triln ciia cay ma cac giong Ilia thi nghif m trong vi^ Xuan 2017 t^i Thanh Hda Gidng
BT7 (DCI) DSl (DC2) DS3 JOl J02 PIO PC26 TBJl TBJ2 TBJ3
Sd ngay cay ma (ngay) 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
Sd la cay ma (la)
4,2 4,0 3,6 4,1 4,0 3,8 3,9 4,0 3,8 4,3
Chieu cao cdy ma
(cm) 15,9 15,0 14,5 15,0 14,6 13,2 13,6 13,9 13,5 15,4
Mau sac cdy ma Xanh nhat Xanh nhat Xanhnh^t Xanh dam Xanh nhat Xanh nhat Xanh dam Xanh dam Xanh dam Xanh dam
Siic sinh trudng cay ma Diem
5 1 1 1 1 5 1 5 5 5
Muc do Trung binh
Khde Khde Khde Khde Trung binh
Khde Trung bmh Trung binh Trung binh 2.2.2. Thai gian sinh truang, phdt trien qua cdc giai dogn ciia cdc giong lua thi nghiem trong vu Xudn 2017 tgi Thanh Hoa
So li$u bdng 2 cho thdy
Gidng DSl (D/Cl) cd thdi gian sinh trudng dai nhdt (141 ngay); thdp nhdt la gidng DS3 (131 ngdy) va gidng J02 (134 ngay). Cac gidng cdn lai cd thdi gian sinh trudng tuong duong gidng BT7 (D/Cl), bito dgng tu 136 - 138 ngay. Gidng cd thdi gian tu cdy d6n ben re hdi xanh ddi nhdt Id DSl (B/C2) vd TBJ2 (10 ngdy); gidng cd thdi gian tu cdy d6n lam ddng ddi nhdt Id DSl {D/C2) 63 ngay, gidng cd thdi gian tii cdy den lam ddng ngdn nhdt Id DS3 (51 ngdy).
40
TAP CHI KHOA HQC TRlTCWG P ^ HQC HONG PLTC - S 6 40.2018
Bang 2. Thdi gian sinh trudng, phat triln qua cac giai do^n cua cdc giong Iiia thi nghiem trong vy Xuan 2017 tai Thanh Hda
Gidng BT7 (DCI) DSl (DC2)
DS3 JOl J02 PIO PC26 TBJl TBJ2 TBJ3
Thdi gian tii cay den... (ngay) Ben rl hdi
xanh 8 10 8 8 9 9 8 9 10
8
De nhdnh
19 21 21 18 16 19 18 15 16 19
Lam dong 57 63 51 58 54 58 52 61 60 60
Trd bdng
84 90 80 88 83 86 85 87 89 88
Chin 115 121 111 118 114 117 116 116 118 117
Thdi gian sinh trudng (ngay) 136 141 131 138 134 137 136 136 138 137 2.2.3. Ddc diim ndng sinh hgc cita cdc gidng lua trong vt^ Xudn 2017 tgi Thanh Hda So lieu bdng 3 cho thdy
Sd Id/thdn chinh dao ddng khdng nhieu giGa cae gidng; phan Idn cac gidng tham gia thi nghiem ed sd la tuong duong DSl (DC2). Gidng ed sd Id/than chinh cao nhat Id JOl (15,3 la), DSl (DC2) la 15,2 la, PC26 (15,1 Id); gidng co sd la thdp nhdt la DS3 (14,2 la).
Bang 3. Dac diem nong sinh hpc cua cac giong liia thi nghiem trong vu Xuan 2017 tai Thanh Hoa
Gidng BT7 (DCI) DSl (DC2)
DS3 JOl J02 PIO PC26 TBJl TBJ2 TBJ3
Sd la/ than chinh (Id)
14,6 15,2 14,2 15,3 14,7 15,1 15,1 15,0 15,0 14,9
Chieu cao cay (cm)
109,2 118,4 112,8 113,7 113,3 115,6 105,5 112,7 117,5 110,4
Sd nhanh tdi da (nhanh)
12,3 13,2 12,4 12,3 10,6 12,3 12,5 11,9 13,7 14,0
Chieu dai Id ddng (cm)
25,2 28,5 26,6 28,8 29,7 27,9 25,3 29,4 27,9 26,9
Chieu dai bdng (cm) 23,5 21,9 23,9 23,6 27,8 24,9 25,4 24,8 25,8 23,7
TAP CHi KHOA HQC TRlTpNG B,»I HQC HONG BffC - S 6 40 J018
Chiiu cao cdy: Cac gidng liia trong thi nghiem c6 chilu cao cay dao ddng tir 105,5cm (PC26) din 118,4 cm (DSl - DC2), tdt cd cac gidng thi nghidm dlu duoc xIp vao nhdm chilu cao cay trung binh, ddy la nhtog gidng liia phu hgp vdi kiiu cay trong thdm canh hien nay [4].
Chilu dai Id ddng ciia cac gidng liia tham gia thi nghiem bien ddng tir 25,2 - 29,7cm.
Cd 3 gidng JOl, J02, TBJl co chilu ddi Id ddng >28cm cao hon BT7 (D/Cl) vd tuong duong DSl (DC2). Cac gidng cdn lai cd chilu dai la ddng Mong duong BT7 (D/Cl).
Chilu dai bdng cua cdc gidng thi nghiem dao ddng tir 21,9 - 27,8cm. Gidng ,102 (27,8cm) cd chilu dai bdng dai hon BT7 (DCI) va DSl (DC2). Cdc gidng TBJ2 (25,8cm), PC26 (25,4cm) cd chilu dai bdng ddi hon DSl (DC2) nhung tuong duong BT7 (DCI). Cac gidng cdn lai cd chilu dai bdng tuong BT7 (D/Cl).
2.2.4. Muc do nhiim sdu benh hgi cua cdc giong lua d vu Xudn 2017 tgi Thanh Hoa Sd lieu vl miic do nhilm sdu b$nh hai duoc trinh bay tai bang 4.
Bang 4. Tinh hinh nhilm mat so ioai sdu bf nh hai tren cdc giong iua thi nghiem trong vu Xudn 2017 tji Thanh Hda Giong
BT7 (DCI) DSl (DC2)
DS3 JOl J02 PIO PC26 TBJl TBJ2 TBJ3
Loai sdu hai (diem) Due than
1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1
Cudn la nhd 3 1 1 1 1 3 3 1 1 3
Rdy nau 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1
Loai b?nh hai (diem) Dao dn la
3
0 1
B^cla 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Khd van
Miic dp nhilm cdc loai sdu bdnh hai d tat ea cac gidng liia Japonica va BT7 cd sv khac nhau. Sdu hai phat sinh va gdy hai d mue dp nhp, phdn Idn didm 1. Cd 3 gidng: BT7 (DCI), PIO, TBJ3 va PC26 miic dp nhidm nang hon (didm 1-3). Cdc loai benh: D?o dn, bac la, khd vdn nhilm d miic dp nh?, phdn Idn la didm 1. Cd 3 gidng BT7 (DCI), PIO va TBJ3 miic dp nang hon (didm 1- didm 3).
2.2.5. Cdc yeu to cdu thdnh ndng sudt vd ndng sudt cua cdc gidng lua trong vu Xudn 2017 tgi Thanh Hda
So li$u tgi bdng 5 cho thdy
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43
TAP r m KHOA HOC TRiroWG BAI HOC H 6 N G BtTC - S6 40.2018
Sd bong/khom: Sd bdng/khdm biln ddng tit 4,8 - 6,1 bdng/khdm, gidng^ cd s6 bdng*hdm cao nhdt la DS3 (6,1 bdngMidm), tilp din la J02 (6,0 bdngfthdm); thip nhdt la giong TBJ2 va TBJ3 (4,8 bdng/khdm).
Tdng s6 hat tren bong: Tdng sd hat/bong biln ddng tu 127,5 - 141,2 hat/bdng. Cao nhdt la gidng TBJl (141,2 hatOjdng), PC26 (140,4 hatAdng) vd TBJ3 (140,2 hatAdng).
Giong cd ting sd hat thdp nhat la DSl (D/C2) dat 127,5 hatAdng va gidng BT7 (D/Cl) dat 128,8 hatftdng.
Ty le hgt Up: Ty le hat lep dao dong tir 10,8 - 13,5%. Gidng cd ty le h?t lep cao nhat Id: BT7 (D/Cl) 13,5%; JOl va TBJ2 13,2%. Cac gidng cd ty le hat lep thdp nhdt la PIO (10,8%), DS3 va PC26 (11,5%).
Khoi lufmg 1000 hgt: P.IOOO hat biln dpng tii 21,4 - 25,6 gam. Phan Ion cdc gidng Ilia thi nghiem dlu cd P.IOOO hat cao hon BT7 (D/Cl) va toong duong vdi gidng DSl (D/C2). Cac gidng cd P.IOOO hat cao la TBJl (25,6 gam) vd DS3 (24,6 gam).
Ndng sudt thuc thu
Tgi Hodng Quy - Hodng Hoa: Nang sudt thuc thu dao ddng tir 5,44 tdn/ha (TBJ3) din 6,99 tdn/ha (DS3). So vdi BT7 (D/Cl) cd 5 gidng: DS3 (6,99 tdn/ha); J02 (6,64 tdn/ha); JOl, P26 (6,42 tdn/ha) va TBJl (6,05 tdn/ha), nang sudt thuc thu cao hon d miic xdc sudt cd y nghia vdi LSDoo5= 0,46 tdn/ha. So vdi B S l (D/C2), cd 4 gidng DS3 (6,99 tdn/ha), J02 (6,64 tdn/ha), JOl vd PC26 (6,42 tdn/ha) ndng sudt thvrc thu cao hom gidng DSl (D/C2) d miic xdc sudt cd y nghia vdi LSDo.os = 0,46 tdn/ha. Cdc gidng khac co nang sudt tuong duong hoac thdp hon D/Cl vd D/C2.
Tgi Dong Ninh - Dong San: Sir bien ddng nang suat thuc thu cua cac gidng liia tir 5,52 tdn/ha (BT7) din 6,81 tdn/ha (J02). So vdi BT7 (D/Cl), cd 4 giong: J02 (6,81 tdn/ha); DS3 (6,64 tdn/ha); BSl (6,39 tdn/ha); JOl (6,29 tdn/ha) va PC26 (5,59 tdn/ha), nang sudt thuc thu cao hem d miie xac suat cd y nghia vdi LSDo os = 0,41 tdn/ha. So vdi DS 1 (D/C2), cd 1 gidng J02 (6,81 tan/ha), ndng sudt thuc cao hon DSl (D/C2) d mitc xac sudt cd y nghia vdi LSDo.05
= 0,41 tdn/ha. Cac gidng khac cd nang sudt tuong duong hoac thdp hon D/Cl va D/C2.
Nang suat trung binh tai 2 diem thi nghiem cao nhdt Id DS3 (6,81 tan/ha) vd J02 (6,73 ta/ha) cao hon BT7 (D/Cl) va DSl (D/C2) d mitc xac sudt cd y nghia vdi LSDo.05 (G-D.diem) = 0,52 tdn/ha. Cac gidng con lai cd nang sudt tuong duong ho§c thdp hon gidng BT7 (D/Cl) va DSl (D/C2).
Ndng sudt tich lOy: Nang sudt tich luy cua cac gidng Japonica vd BT7 biln ddng tir 39,1 - 52,0 k ^ a / n g a y dem. Gidng ed ndng suat tich luy cao nhdt la DS3 (52,0 kg/ha/ngdy dem) va J02 (50,2 kg/ha/ngdy dem). Cac gidng cdn lai cd nang sudt tich luy tuong duong BT7(D/Cl)vaDSl(D/C2).
2.2.6. Ddnh gid mot so chi tieu chdt luong cua cdc gidng lua thi nghiem trong vu Xudn 2017 tgi Thanh Hda
2.2.6.1. Chdt lugng thuang phdm cda cdc gidng trong vuXudn 2017 tgi Thgnh Hoa So lieu bdng 6 cho thdy
T^^P c m KHOA HOC TRlTCBNG D ^ l HQC HONG f>ifC - SO 40.2018
Ty le ggo lgt (ggo luc): Ty le gao lat bidn thidn tur 78,7 - 82,0%. Tat ca cac gidng japonica tham gia thi nghiem ddu cd ty le gao lat cao hon gidng BT7 (DCI).
Ty le ggo xat: Ty le gao xat ciia cac gidng thi nghiem dao ddng tu 63,9 - 68,8%. Gidng cd ty le gao xat cao nhit la TBJl (68,8%); PIO (67,9%); DS3 va PC26 (67,8%). Cac gidng japonica cd ty Id gao xat duge xdp vao loai tdt (65,1 - 70%) va cao hem BT7 (D/Cl) [8].
Ty le ggo nguyen: Ty le gao nguydn cua cac gidng thi nghiem dao ddng tii 66,7 - 81,0.
Tat ca cac gidng tham gia thi nghiem deu cd ty le gao nguyen duoc xdp vao loai rat tot (>=57%) [8]. Nhin chimg ty Id gao nguyen ciia toan bp cac gidng rat cao, day chinh la tieu chi quan trpng dd chpn gjdng va danh gia gia tri thuang pham cua gao Japonica tren thi trudng.
Bang 6. Mdt so chi tieu bieu hien chat lirQrng thmmg pham cua cac giong liia thi nghiem vy XuSn ndm 2017 t^i Thanh Hda
Gidng
BT7 (DCI)
DSl (DC2)
DS3 JOl J02 PIO PC26 TBJl TBJ2 TBJ3
Tyle gao lat
(%
thdc)
79,7 79,5 81,3 80,3 79,5 82,0 79,2 78,7 79,3 80,0
Tyle gao xat (%
thdc)
63,9 66,0 67,8 66,3 67,2 67,9 67,8 68,8 65,0 64,8
Tyle gao nguyen (% gao xat) 66,7 79,8 82,9 81,0 79,4 79,6 79,1 79,4 78,7 77,7
Kich thudc hat g?o Chieu dai hat
gao (mm)
6,5 5,0 5,0 5,1 5,2 5,0 5,1 5,4 5,0 5,4
Chieu rdng hat gao
(mm) 2,1 3,1 3,1 3,0 3,0 2,9 3,0 3,0 2,9 2,8
Hinh dang hat gao Tyle
dai/
rdng (D/R)
3,09 1,61 1,61 1,70 1,73 1,72 1,70 1,80 1,72 1,93
Phan loai
Thon dai Hoi trdn Hoi trdn Hoi trdn Hoi trdn Hoi trdn Hoi trdn Hoi trdn Hoi trdn Hoi trdn
Do bac bung DQ bac bung
%>vet due tren hat
3,3 7,2 3,8 9,3 5,7 4,3 4,9 10,7 11,5 9,7
Xip loai Thdp Thap Thdp Thap Thap Thdp Thdp Tr.binh Tr.binh Thdp (Ddnh gid theo H^ thong tieu chudn nguon gen lua quoc te cua IRRI. 1996) [8].
Kich thuac hgt ggo: Qua nghidn cuu cho thay: Cac giong lua tham gia thi nghiem cd chidu dai h^t gao dao ddng tir 5,0mm - 6,5mm. Gidng BT7 (D/C) chidu dai hat la 6,5nun.
Cac gidng japonica cd chieu dai hat gao tu 5,0mm - 5,4mm va cd ty Id D/R nam tiong khoang 1,1 - 2,0 (diSm 5) x8p vao dang hat hcfi trdn (phan loai theo IRRI) [8].
Do bgc bung: Cd 8 gidng trong so 10 gidng lua tiiam gia thi nghiem cd % vdt due tren hat < i 0 % duac xdp loai thdp (tuang duang BT7- D/Cl). Cd 2 gidng TBJl (% vit trin hgt; 10,7%) va TBJ2 {% vit tren hgt: 11,5%), xdp lo^i trung binh [8].
TAP CHi KHOA HOC TRtTPNG BAI HOC H 6 N G BfC - S6 40.2018
2.2.6.2. Bdnh gid miii tham Id vd chdt luang cdm quan cam ciia giong lua trong vu Xudn 2017 tgi Thanh Hoa
Danh gia mill thom cua cac gidng liia duoc thuc hi$n vao 3 giai doan (cay m^, de nhdnh va trd bdng) theo phuang phap Sood vd Siddiq (1978) va phdn thanh 3 cdp: Cdp 0:
Khdng thom; cdp 1: Thom nhe, cdp 2: Thom (theo IRIR, 1996) [8]. Danh gia mill thom cam quan com, dp trdng, dp mIm deo vd dp ngon theo TCVN 8373:2010, cua Bd Khoa hpc vd Cdng nghe) [2].
Kit qud danh gia mui thom Id vd mpt sd chi tieu chdt lupmg cam quan com (bang 7) cho thdy:
Mui tham d la: Cd 1 gidng BT7 (D/C) cd mill thom nh? (dilm 1) d d cd 3 giai doan danh gia: M j , de nhdnh rd vd tro bdng. Cd 3 gidng DS3, J02 va PIO cd miii thom nhe d 2 giai doan de nhdnh rd va trd bdng. Cd 1 gidng TBJ3 cd miii thom nh? (diem 1) giai doan de nhdnh rd, 3 gidng: DSl, JOl, PC26 cd mui thom giai doan trd bdng va 2 gidng khdng co mill thom la TBJl, TBJ2.
Mui tham cdm quan cam: Cd 1 gidng BT7 (D/Cl) cd mui thom com dat diein 4 (thom, dac trung); 1 gidng: DS3 dat dilm 3 (cd mill thom nhe, kha dac tamg); 3 gidng DSl, JOl va PC26 dilm 2 (cd mui com, huong thom kem dac ttung) va 5 gidng: J02, PIO, TBJl, TBJ2 va TBJ3 dilm 1 (khdng cd mui dac trung).
BSng 7. Miii thffm Id va mgt so chi ti6u chat lugiig cam quan com cua cac cdc giong liia thi nghiem vij Xuan nam 2017 tai Thanh Hda
Gidng
BT7 (DCI) DSl (DC2)
DS3 JOl J02 PIO PC26 TBJl TBJ2 TBJ3
Mill thom Id* (cdp)
Cay ma 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
De nhdnh
1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1
Trd bdng
0 0 0
Mdt sd chi tidu chdt lupng cdm quan com**
Mill (dilm)
4 3 3 2 1 1 2 1 1 1
Dp trang (diem)
4 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 3
Dp mem deo (diem)
4 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 4 4
Dp ngon (dilm)
5 4 5 4 4 4 4 3 4 3
Xip hang chdt lupng Khd KM Khd Trung binh Trung binh Trung binh
Khd Trung binh Trung binh Trung bmh n Id (cap): 0-1-2 (ddnh gia theo Soodva Siddiq (1978), phdn logi theo IRRI,1996) [SJ.
**Miii tham cdm quan cam: do trdng; dg mem deo; do ngon ddnh gid theo TCVN 83 73:2010, cua Bo Khoa hgc va Cong nghe [2]
TAP CHi KHOA HQC TRlTCfNG BAI HQC HONG PfTC - SO 40.2018
Chdt lupng cam quan cam cua cac gidng tfai nghiem: Dp tring bien ddng tu diem 3 den didm 4. Dp mdm cam dat dilm 4 dSn didm 5. Cd 2 gidng: BT7 (D/Cl) va DS3 cd dp ngon com d^t didm 5; 5 gidng: DSl, J02, PIO, PC26, TBJ2 cd dp ngon cam dat didm 4 va 3 gidng: JOl, TBJl, TBJ3 cd dp ngon dat diem 3. Xdp hang chk lupng chung cua cac gidng: 4 gidng la BT7 (D/Cl), DSl (DC2), DS3 va PC26 dupe xkp h?ng chat luang dat loai kha. Cac gidng cdn dupe xep hang loai trung binh.
3. KET LUAN
Cac gidng lua Japonica thich ling tdt vdi dieu kien khi hau thdi tiet, dat dai va he thdng canh tic trong vu Xuan tai vung Ddng bang Thanh Hda.
Trong cac gidng lua tham gia thi nghiem, da tuyen chpn dupe 2 gidng Japonica cd nang su4t trung binh tai 2 di8m thi nghiem dat cao nhat, cao hem gidng BT7 (D/Cl) va DSl (D/C2) d miic xac suSt cd y nghia P=95% vdi vdi LSDo.os (G*D.didm) = 0,52 tin/ha la: Gidng DS3 dat 6,81 tdn/ha va gidng J02 dat 6,73 tdn/ha.
Hai gidng DS3 va J02 duac tuydn chpn d6u cd thdi gian sinh trudng ngin (131-134 ngay); nhiem nhe cac Ioai sau bdnh hai; ty le gao xat cao (66,7-67,8%), cd miii thom nhe ndi nhu, com ngon, chit luong gao tuang duong BT7. Day la nhihig gidng Japonica dupe chap nhan trong san xuat hang hda cd thd thay thd gidng Indica BT7 hidn nay tai Thanh Hda.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
[1] Bd Ndng nghiep va PTNT (2011), Qicy chudn ky thugt Qudc gia ve khdo nghiim gid tri canh tdc vd sd- dmg cua gidng lua, QCVN 01-55:2011/BNNPTNT- Ha Npi.
[2] Bo Khoa hpc va Cdng nghe (2010), Tieu chudn Quoc gia ve phuangphdp ddnh gid chdt luang cdm quan cam bdng phuang phdp cho diem (TCVN 8373:2010), Bp Khoa hpc va Cdng nghe.
[3] Biai Chi Buu, Nguydn Thi Lang (2010), Mgt so vdn de cdn biet ve ggo xudt khdu, Nxb. Ndng nghiep thanh phd Hd Chi Minh.
[4] Nguydn Van Hoan (2006), Cam nang cdy liia, quyin 1 - Thdm canh lua cao sdn, Nxb. Lao dpng, Ha Npi.
[5] Nguyin Huy Hoang, Le Hiiu C§n, Nguydn Ba Thong, Le Qudc Thanh, Nguydn Dinh Hidn, Le Dinh San, Pham Anh Giang (2017), Gido trinh Phuangphdp thi nghiim vd Thdng ke sinh hgc, Nxb. Dai hpc Kinh td Qudc dan. Ha Npi.
[6] Hoang Tuydt Minh, Dd Nang Vinh (2006), Bdo cdo kit qud nghien cuu giong lua Japonica, Vidn Di truyen nong nghiep. Ha Npi
[7] Nguydn Thi Tram (2001), Chgn gidng lua lai, tr.64 - 67, Nxb. Ndng nghiep.
Ha Ndi.
[8] Vi?n Nghidn ciiu lua Qudc td (1996), He thong tieu chudn ddnh gid nguon gen lua (P.O.Box 933.1099. Manila, Philippines.), tai ban l4n thii 4 (Nguydn Run NghTa dich), 58 trang, Nxb. Nong nghiep. Ha Npi.
47
TAP CHi KHOA HQC TRlTdNG DM HQC H 6 N G Of C - SO 40.2018
[9] Dd Nang Vinh, Ha Thi Thiiy (2014), ?hdt triin liia ggo Japonica, Bdo nong nghi4p Viet Nam, chuyen muc khuydn ndng sd ra ngay 13/5/2014, https://nongnghiep.vn/phat-trien-Iua-gao-japonica-postl25052.html
[10] Khush G.S. and N.Dela Cruz (2001), Developing Basmati srizes with high yiel potential, Chaper 2 Speciallity rice of the world.
T H E R E S U L T S O F R E S E A R C H O N S E L E C T I N G S O M E J A P O N I C A R I C E I N S P R I N G I N T H A N H H O A
Tong Van Giang, Nguyen Ba Thong, Mai Nhu Thang, Le Ngoc Quan ABSTRACT
Research on selecting some japonica rice was conducted in Hoang Quy Commune, Hoang Hoa District and Dong Ninh Commune, Dong Son District, Thanh Hoa Province in Spring 2017. The objective of this research is to determine 1 to 2 varieties having high yield (> 6,0 ton/ha), having short growing period, being resistant to pests, high quality and having fragrance. Materials of the experiments included 10 varieties that were selected by Science Departments of Vietnam, the control variety was BT7. The experiments were arranged in a randomized complete block (RCB), 3 replicates, each plot was 10 square meters, transplanting density was 45 hills/square meters and 2 seedlings/hill. After the research, 2 varieties having higher yield than the check variety BT7 and DSl were selected at the level of probability value P^95%, including: DS3 (6,81 tonl/ha) and J02 (6,73 tonl/ha). The selected varieties were seed varieties, having light fragrance, short growing period (131-134 days), lightly infected or not infected by main pests, suitable for cultivation conditions in the Spring in Thanh Hoa.
Keywords: High quality, fragrance, high yield, spring, Japonica rice.
