No OSJune 2018|Sd 08 - Thing 6 nim 2018|p 148-153
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HaManhKhoa"*
" Vifn Su hgc, Vifn Hdn lam KHXH Viet Nam Email: hamanhkhoa^iahoo.com.vn
Thdng tin bki viet
Ngdy nhgn bdi:
22/4/2018 Ngdy duyit ddng:
12/6/2018
Tu khod:
Dinh Tien Hodng, Dgi Co Vift, Tien Le, nhd Ly. Li Hodn, song ddo. Thanh Hda. Nink Binh, Nghe An, Ddng Co. Bd Hda, Kinh Ldm, Kenh Da Cdi
Tom tat
Nhflng sdng dio thai ky qudc hifiu Dgi Co Vifit do vua Le Dgi Hinh khdi xudng td chttc thuc bifin lfi nhlfrig cdng ttinh giao thdng thuy npi dia diu tien ttong ljch stt nudc ta. Su nghifip rad dau vT dai dd ctta thdi Tien Lfi da frd thinh phuong chira hinh dpng cfia tat c i cac thdi Ly, Tran, Le, Nguyen, Cic thdi dgi kd tiep nhau khdng chi ludn khoi dfio, ngo vet cac ddng sfing cfl mfi cdn lifin tyc dao them cfic sdng mdi. Tbdi Ly, Tran sdng dao d i xuat hien d dong bang B i c Bd den Thanh - Nghfi - TTnh . Den thdi Hgu Lfi dfi rpng khip dii mien Trung Bp vi den thdi Nguyfin thi sdng dfio cd mfit d khfip mpi midn dit nudc Cac sdng dfio khdng chi gdp phin quan frong dd phit trien kinh td, van hda xa hdi mi cdn cd nhftng ddng gdp khdng nhd frong sy nghifip bao vfi vihig chic bien gidi phia Nam, md rdng bd cdi, gdp phin quan frong frong su nghifip xfiy dung, bio vfi Td quoc frong sudt tien trinh cua lich sfi dan tpc.
Ttt nam Mfiu Thin (968), Dinh Tien Hoing Ifin ngdi, "dat qudc hieu l i Dgi Co Viet"', Qudc hifiu dd dupc duy tri ddn fliang 10 nim Giip Ngp (1054), Ly Thanh tdng ddi l i "Dai Vifit"". Trong thdi gian dd, vdi qudc bieu l i Dgi Co Vifit dfi dfing diu qudc gia di cd su chuydn ddi tfi ddng hp Dmh - ngudi rad dau lfi Dinh Bd Linh den ddng hp Lfi rad diu lfi Le Hoan v i ddng ho Ly md diu la Ly Cdng Uin, nhung the v i luc cfia qudc gia khdng ngfing Idn manh Mdt frong nhflng minh chttng cho su phit tridn dd ctta nhi nudc Dgi Cd Vifit la da to chttc thuc hifin cic cdng trinh cdng cpng rai lieu bidu nhit la cac cdng trinh dfio sdng do Lfi Dgi hanh khdi xudng v i hoin thanh vio nim 983. Nhflng con sdng dao do nhi nude Dai Co Vifit td chttc thuc hifin dd khdng ehi duac tiep tyc khoi dio v i md rpng frong ci nudc dudi qudc hifiu Dgi Cd Vifit m i dudi qudc hieu Dgi Vifit, Vifit Nam, Dgi Nam, cac nhfi nudc qufin chfi vfin tiep tuc dio lai. md rdng, dfio mdi cic sdng tren mpi mien dat nudc Cic sdng dio khdng
'£>ar Viet sukji todn rtu-C1993), 11, Nxb Khoa hpc x i hpi, Ha Npi. tr 211;
'Dgi Viet su-ky todn thu-(1993), t l , s d d , l r 2 7 0 .
cbl gdp phan quan trpng de phit tnen kinh te, vin hda xa hdi v i cdn cd nhflng ddng gdp khdng nhd trong sy nghifip bio vfi vflng chic bien gidi phia Nara va md rdng bd cdi gdp phln quan frpng ttong sy nghifip xiy dyng, bio vfi Td qudc frong sudt tien trinh cfia Ijch stt din t$c,
1. Nhiing song dao tir nam 980 den nam 1009 dirdi (hoi Tien Le
Sau hai nam bing tat ca cac bifin phip tfi thuyet phyc, vfin dpng, lien ket, hang phuc va dttng sttc mgnh qufin su tidn hanh dinh dep, Dinh Bp Lihh lan lupt thu phyc dupc cac stt quin, chira dfii tinh frang phin tfin cfit ctt, thdng nhlt dat nudc, Nhfi sfi hpc Lfi Vin Huu d i vidt ve cdng lao dd nhu sau' "Tien Hoing nhd cd til ning sing suot ban ngudi, dfing cam rauu luoc nhlt ddi, duong lttc nude Vifit ta khdng cd chu, c^p hfing trudng cit ctt, mfit phen clt qufin mfi mudi hai stt qufin phyc bet" ^ Thing lpi cfia Dinh Bd Linh trong qui trinh chinh phyc cfic thd lyc cfit cfi. thd hifin xu the tap quydn va thdng nhlt qudc gia li quy lugt tit ydu
'Bgi Vift Su-l^ loan thtt, (1993), 11. sdd, Ir, 154;
HM.Khoa/i^Q.OSJme 2018|p,l48-153
cfia nude ta vao Uid ky X Nfim Mfiu Thin (968), Dinh Bp Linh len ngdi Hoing dd v i cho dinh dd d Hoa Lu, dfit qudc hieu la Dai C6 Vifit, Mfia Ddng, thing Mudi nim Ky Mio (979), Dinh Tifin Hoang bi sat hai, Dinh Tofin mdl 6 bidi dupc ndi ngdi Trong thdi gian ban 10 nim, dudi ddi vua Dmh Tifin Hoing v i Dinh Toin, nha nudc Dgi Co Vifit do Dinh Tien Hofing khdi Ifip di tgo dung nhidu tidn dd quan frpng dd xay dyng rapt nha nudc quan chtt vflng mgnh, Nhung do nhidu nguyfin nhfin nfin chua ed rapt cdng frinh cdng cpng nio do nhfi nudc dttng ra td chttc thyc hien,
Thing 7 nim Canh Thin (980), Le Hoan Ifin ngdi Vua Tridu Tien Le do Le Dgi Hanh dfimg diu la sy ndi tidp tridu Dinh. Lfi Dgi Hinh vfin dmh dd d Hoa Lu, qudc hieu vin lfi Dgi Cd Viet
Ke tyc sy nghifip cfia Vua Dmh Tifin Hofing, ginh vac frpng ttfich dfing diu qudc gia Dgi Co Viet, Vua Lfi Dgi Hinh d i gitt vitng ndn dpc lgp dfin tpc, dinh tan qufin xam lupc nhfi Tdng vfio n i m 981 v i kd tidp sau l i "binh quan tri tpi Chifira Thfinh" Khdng chi cd vo cdng hidn bich, frong su nghiep eai fri ctta minh, Le Dgi Hanh cdn Ifi mdt vi "minh quin" frong su nghifip phit tridn dit nudc Mpt sy nghifip chmh phyc vi cii tao tu nhien vT dai ctta c i din tdc d the ky X den nay van cdn nguyen gifi fri vfi gin hdn vdi ten tudi vua Lfi Dai Hiifli l i tidn hinh dfio cic sdng bit dlu d dat Thanh Hoa "ttt Ddng Co den Bfi Hofi" Vdi su kifin dd Le Dgi Hfinh trd thinh Ngudi md diu eho su nghifip phfit trien hfi thdng giao thdng thuy npi dia Vifit Nam dudi thdi quin chtt thd hifin tim nhin chien lupc vi phat ttidn giao thdng thfiy n0i dja trong phfit frien kinh te v i bio vfi Td qudc. Cic sdng dfio dudi thdi nhi Tidn Lfi khdng chi gdp phin quan frong dd phat ttidn kinh td, vin hda xfi hpi v i cdn cd nhttng ddng gdp khdng nhd frong su nghifip b i p vfi vflng chic bifin gidi phia Nam v i md rpng bd cdi gdp phan quan trpng frong sy nghifip xiy dyng, bio vfi To qudc trong sudt tidn trinh cfia Ijch sV din t^c
1.1. Bdo sdng trin ddt Thanh Hda Sau khi trttng phgt Champa vi "Trudc dd vua sai Tit Myc, Ngd Tti Cank sang sii Ckiim Thdnh. bi ngudi Chiim bdt giit"^. thing lpi ttd vd vua Lfi Dai Hinh cho dfio kenh tfi nfii Ddng Cd ddn sfing Ba Hofi Dfiy dupc xem l i tuydn dudng giao thdng thtty npi dia - cdng trinh cfing cpng dau tifin frong lich stt Vifit Nam do nhi nudc td chttc thyc hifin.
Toan thu chep, "Khi nhd vua di ddnh Chiem Thdnk, tit nut Dong Co den sdng Bd Hod, ducmg nut hiim trg khd di, ngudi ngita mdi mfl. dudng biin thi sdng to khd di lgi. ben sai ddo kenh. den ddy (Quy Mfii - n i m 983) thi xong cdng tu deu lgi"'.
Den thd ky X, dudng bp Thanh Hoi vio phia Nara cflng hiera trd khdng kera ra phia Bic, Dudng di ttt Thanh Hofi vio Nghfi An. Ha Tinh khdng flid cd dudng nao khic ngoii cich di dudng bp hofic vupt bien Trong khi dudng bp thi hoang vu, rfim rgp, dudng bidn tbi bfio td thit thudng khdng chtt dpng Dudng thuy tuy cd cic sdng Idn va cic chi luu, nhung do cic sdng ddu chiy theo hudng Tay Bic xudng Ddng Nam di chia cit cic vung mien vi chua cd tuydn giao thdng thuy ndi dja theo hudng Bic - Nam
Ddng Co nira d hflu ngan sfing Mfi, thupc xa Yfin Thp, huyfin Yfin Dmh, tinh Thanh Hoi ngay nay Sdng Ba Hoi d phia cue Nam tinh Thanh Hofi, thudc xfi Tan Trudng, huyfin TTnh Gia gifip huyfin Quynh Luu, tinh Nghfi An Sdng Ba Hoa do ra ctta Lach Bang thupc xi Hfii Thanh, huyfin TTnh Gia Le Dai Hinh hieu rd dia hinh vfing dat nay v i biet rd hfi flidng song ngdi d diy chfiy theo hudng Tiy Bic - Ddng Nam Vi viy, Lfi Dgi Hanh da cho tien hanh dio sdng ndi sdng M i d Bic Thanh Hofi vdi sdng B i Hoi d Nam Thanh Hofi - Bic Nghfi An, Nhung didu dd khong cd nghia l i dfio rafit con sdng hofin tofin mdi. Le Hoin di tgn dung nhflng cbl luu nhd cfia cic Idn nhU' song Ma, sdng Luong (Chu), sdng Vgy (Hoing), sdng Yen, sdng Ba Hda ,.khai sau, nan thing v i dao mdt so dogn can thidt dd hinh thfinh mfit tuyen giao thdng fliuy ndi dia ndi hdn sdng Ma - sdng Clu Chfiy - sdng Luong (Chu)- sdng Vay (Hoang) - sdng Yen- sdng Ciu Hang- sdng B i Hda Diy l i tuyen giao thdng ttifiy ndi dja thufin tien nhit tfi Bfic den Nam Thanh Hoi.
Mudi nam sau khi dio sdng ttt Dong Co den B i Hofi, Nfira 992, Thing 8, mfia thu, Le Dgi Hinh sat phy qudc Ngd Ttt An dem ba van ngudi md dudng bp ttt ctta bidn Nam Gidi ddn chiu Dia Ly nudc Chifim Thinh, Gia pha ho Ngd chep, Ngd Tfi An la con trai Ngd Xuong s i c , ong lira quan tridu Tien Lfi Ly, dupc Lfi Dai Hanh sai dfio vet cac kenh sdng ttt Yen Dmh ddn TTnh Gia , tiep tuc dao sdng ndi ttt kenh Bfi Hda vao phia Nam
1.2. Ddo song tren ddt Nghe An
Sau khi dfio sdng ttt Ddng Cd den B i Hda va thiy dupc tfic dung Idn lao cfia nd, Le Dgi Hanh vfi cac vua
'Dgi Vift Sit ky todn thit, il993),tl, Sid, tx 222; 'Dai Vi?l Sit ky toin thit. (1993), t l . s d d . Ir 222
WJWX7ioi7/No.08June2018|p 148-153
nhi Tidn Lfi tidp tpc cbo khai dio cac sdng ttfin dit Nghfi An,
Ttt sdng B i Hda (thudc x i Tfin Trudng, TTnh Gia, Thanh Hoi), Lfi Dgi Hinh cho dio kfinh Xudc ndi theo hudng Nam. men theo chin nfii Xudc ndi vdi sdng Hoing Mai, Dpa kenh ttt Sdi Trp (xa Quynh Ldc, huyfin Quynh Luu, tinh Nghfi An) dd vio sdng Hoang Mai d phia B i c ling Ngpc Huy (nay thufic khdi 1, phudng Mai Hfing, Thj x i Hoing Mai va gpi lfi Kfinh Son Ttt Ngpc Huy, kfinh chiy qua cic x i viJng Bfii Ngang gpi la Kenh M a (cdn gpi l i kenh Mai Giang, kenh Ngoc De) roi do ra Lach Quen (nay thudc dja phfin xfi Tidn Thtty (Quynh Tidn), va x i Quynh Thufin (huyfin Quynh Luu), Ddng kfinh nfiy raen theo ddng nudc chfiy la khe Nudc Lanh, la dudng ranh gidi phia Nam Thanh Hofi, B i c Nghfi An, thupc huyfin Qujuh Luu.
Kfinh s i t (Ttt xa Dien An, huyfin Diln Chfiu vfi ddn huyfin Nghi Lpc Men nay) Day ctlng l i con kfinh gfip rit nhidu gian nan khi dfio do cd rapt dogn di qua md sit d ntti Sit chtta nhieu dfi qufing rin
Kfinh s i t (nay thudc Difin Chfiu) ngfiy nay cdn diu vdt mdt chide ghe d i tac frong hang sfit vdi kenh Sit. Chd tya cd ba chft "Thuy Thgch Tien", fren vich d i ed bii tha, Tuong traydn ghe d i v i bii thu cua Ngd Ttt An^, Dfiy cung la con kenh gfip rit nhidu gian nan khi dfio do cd rapt doan di qua md sit d nfii Sit chtta nhieu d i quing rin, Sich Ddng Khdnh dia du cki phin Nghfi An tinh, chfip vd dogn kfinh niy nhu sau "Mpt ddng kenh nhd, ttt thdn Thd Hiu qua xfi Phtt Hgu, tdng Quan Trung, xfi Nho Lfim, tdng Cao X i , (kfinh Sit l i ten gpi dogn kfinh n h i Le chiy qua Trudng Sit thu^c xa Difin An, huyfin Diln Chau v i huyfin Nghi Lpc hien nay).,, ngoin ngoeo chiy ddn kenh Sfit bdn dd sdng Cim rdi hpp ddng dd xudng ctta bidn, dfii 9 dfim, r^ng 7 trupng, tridu Ifin sau 5 thudc, tndu xudng sau 3 thudc"',
Hai muai nfira sau khi dio sdng ttt Dong Cd ddn B i Hoi, frfin dit Nghfi An, n i m "Quy Mao (1003). Li Dgi Hdnh di Hoan Chdu (Nghf An) sai ddo kenh Da Cdt" *(nay thufic huyfin Hung Nguyfin, tbih Nghfi An). Kfinh Da Cii tttc l i kenh ndi kfinh Sit d khu vyc huyfin Nghi Ldc vdi sdng Lam. Nhu vfiy dudi flidi
Tidn Lfi ttt sdng M i d Thanh Hda den sdng Lara d Nghfi An ngofii biydn dudng bp v i dudng bidn d i cd mdt tuydn dudng thuy npi dja an toan, thuin tifin ,
Cie kfinh dio flidi nhi Tidn Le d i ndi flidng vdi cfic sdng br nhien flifinh rapt hfi flidng dudng thuy npi dja flidng sudt tir Ddng Cd (Thanh Hda) den hg luu sfing Lam, Thuydn vfin tii cd tiid tir cfic ben cfing thufic B i c H i Tinh cd flid theo cac sdng niy di khip cfic vfing thudc Nghfi An, Thanh Hda ra ddn Kinh do Hoa Lu v i ra phia Bic.
Trong vdng 30 tdn tgi vuong tridu Tidn Lfi, hfi thdng kenh nha Lfi do Lfi Dgi hinh cbi dao khai md v i cfic vua sau tiep tuc thpc hifin di ndi vdi cfic hfi thdng sdng cd sin d phia Nam Thanh Hda v i o tdi Nghfi An dfi raang lai gii tri vd cttng to Idn cho cfic dpt Nara tidn cfia nhfi nudc Dgi Co Vifit cflng nhu cho cfic ttidu dgi sau
2. Nbung song dao tik- nam 1010 den nam 1054 dirol thdi Ly
Nira 1010, n h i Ly thay nhfi Tidn Lfi tn vi dit nudc v i ddi kinh dd ttt Hoa Lu ra Thing Long, Trong sudt thdi gian tdn tgi ttt 1010 den 1225, theo sd hfiu dupe ghi frong Dgi Vift su ky todn thu, nhfi Ly dfi td chttc luc lupng dao sdng frong ca nudc 4 lan thu$c cfic tinh Thanh Hofi, B i c Ninh"*, Ninh Binh va H i N p i " ngiy nay. Tuy nhifin dudi qudc hifiu Dgi Co Vifit dudi ddi vua Ly Thii tdng da cho tidn hinh dio cfic sdng nhu sau'
2.1. Ddo sdng Dan Ndi
Nira Ky Ty (1029), dfio sdng Dan Nfii. Sdng Dan Nfii Ii sdng m i Lfi Hoin dfi khai dio xong nim 983, di qua dia phin huyfin Yfin Dinh v i Thp Xufin tinh Thanh Hoa
Sach Dgi Vift sii todn tku ghi* "Gidp Dan Ndi'^ d ckdu Al ldm pkdn. miia Hg. tkdng lu (1029) vua dt ddnh gidp Dan Ndi, cho Ddng Cung thdi Id gidm qudc. Kki ddnk dugc gidp Dan Ndi rdi. sai tntng sti doe sudt ngugi Dan Ndi ddo kenk Dan Nai"", Qua dd ta thiy, chi sau mpt n i m lfin ngdi, Ly Thii tdng d i vd
* Quoc sit quin tneu Nguyin (1998), Khdm dinh Vi$t sir Ihong giim cmTngmue.tl, Nxb Giao dgc, tr. 151
' Ding Khinh dfa dit chi f2003), Nxb Th* gi*i, H i NSi, tr 33, 'Dgi Vift Sirkji todn Iha. (1993), t l , sdd. tr. 230;
' Ha M?iih Khoa (2000), S6ng Aio a Thanh Hoa tir the ijj X din thi I^XIX, Nxb KHXH, tr 107;
" Nim Ky Sihi (1089X dio long Lanh Kmh trong Du dfa ehi, Nguyen Tiii ebu ring. "£W» i j i sai dao song Binh LS, lirLdnh Kinh din Binh Ld, thong vdi Binh Than de ftf n di lgi d Th&i Nguyen Dky
\k s3ng thupc v£tng Thj Cau, tinh Bic Ninh;
' ' Nim Nham Ty (1192), dio sdng Td Lfch d kinh thinh Thdng Long;
" Giap Dan NSi nay thupc h u y ^ Yen Dinh, tinh Thanh H6a;
"£)()( P'l?/Su-ij) Wdn rtir, (1993), t l , add, tr 259;
HM.Khoa/'Ho OSJune 2018|p 148-153
vung dat nfiy. Diy la noi cd den thd than Dong cd (ttdng ddng) rit linh thifing, theo Dgi Nam nkdt tkdng cki chep: "Vua Ly Thdi To di ddnh Chiem Thdnh, dong qudn d xd Trudng Yen, dim mgng tkdy ngudi mgc do gidp not: Tdi Id than nui Ddng Co '', xin di Ikeo ddnh gigc lgp cdng. Khi dfp dugc Ckiim Thdnh, nhd vua ben lap den tkd d pkia Bde tkdnh Thdng Long'. Ldc Tkdi Tdng lin ngdi, dim ndm mpng thdy thdn bdo cho biet vifc ba vuang gdy biin logn, sau khi dep. nhd vua khen cd cong, phong Id Then hg ehd minh chi thdn "'^ v i Ly Thii Tdng quy duih hang nim tit c i con chiu hp Ly v i cac dgi thin ttong tndu chinh ddn ddi ngfl, freo guom giao trudc flian vj, cfing nhau udng miu i n the: "Ldm con bdt hiiu, ldm toi bat trung xin than minh giet chet"
Qua dd ta thiy vfing Dan Nii niy cd inh hudng ddi vdi cac vua nhi Ly nhu the nio?
Viy dio sdng Dan Nii la dio sdng nao frfin khu vyc nfiy"? Vfio nam 983, sau khi di dinh Chifim Thinh ve, Le Dgi Hirih thiy."Dudng mn hiim trd khd di.
ngudi ngua moi mil. dudng biin tki sdng lo khd di.
ben sai ngudi ddo song lit nui Dong Cd den song Bd Hoa"^*. Theo chfing tdi sdng Dan Nil dupc dfio vio d flidi Ly vin li con sdng ma Le Dgi Hinh d i dfio ndi ttt khu vyc den Ddng Co ddn sdng Luong (sdng Chu) Ngoai lyc lupng ctta nhfi nudc ctt ddn, nhfin dfin frong vfing cflng tich cue fliam gia Thin pha den thd Thinh Hofing "Kim ki chi thdn" flidn Ngpc Quang, xi Xufin Vinh, huyfin Thp Xufin, cdn ghi nhu sau "Tkdn kg Kim ten Id Tki Vo ldm quan trung uy ddi vua Ly Thdnh Tong. Sau vi ldng nghi, dng thay ddn ldng bi canh la lyt rdt khd cue ben tu bd tiin ra vd quyin them de ddo con ngdi cho nudc ttiu chdy ra song. Tit do dan ldng dugc yin dn trong miia IS sau khi mat dugc vua khen Id ngudi trung vdi nude, lgi cho ddn vd phong Id Kim Ke. cho ddn lgp din tkd''.''.
Nhu vfiy ddn thdi Ly vttng Dan Nfi khdng chi la noi cd ddn thd frdng ddng hnh thieng cua ci nudc, vin lfi diem hpi tu cua giao thdng thuy bp ttt Bfic vio
" Den Ddng Co nay ct xa Yen Thp, huy|n Yen Dinh, Hnh TTianh Hoa,
" Den lh6 niy nay 6 phuong Yen Thai, quan Ba Dinh, Ha N§i
" Dai Nam nhdt thSng chi, (1970), t2, Nxb Thuan Hoa - Hue, tr 253;
"Dgi Vlit Sir ky loan thu. (1993), t l , sdd. tr 255;
" D a i rie( Sii-tv Won rtif, (1993), t l . sdd, tr 219;
" T i ^ Vin Thjnh (1995)i Danh Sl Thanh Hoi wi w?c /ipc Ihdi xira, Nxb Thanh Hoi, IT 20.
Thanh Hoa, didm khdi dau ctta con dudng giao thdng thuy chidn lupc ttt Thanh Hoa vio Nam.
2.2. Tiep tuc ddo sdng Bd Hoa
Ttt thdi Tidn Le, vio nim 983 Lfi Dai hinh di cho dio kenh ttt nfii Dong Co (Yfin Dinh - Thanh Hda) den song B i Hda (Tuih Gia - Thanh Hda), Ttt dd sdng B i Hda frd thinh con dudng giao flidng thfiy quan trpng ttt Nam Thanh va B i c Nghfi Ddn tbdi Ly vio nira 1041, khi Ly Thii Tdng cd y dmh danh Chifira Thanh, da giao cho Ly Nhfit Quang"° lim mfit "hofinh doanh"
dpc theo sfing B i Hda. "Hoinh doanh" d vfio mfit vj tri biem frd, kien eo. Bon mit cd hio siu. Itty cao, cdn d trong lfi ndn dit rpng cd the chfia dupc ba, bdn van quin luu thtt, ngoai ra Igi cd cfic kho ting chtta vfit dung, v i lupng thuc thi dp trtt dfi dfing frong ba nim lien, Xung quanh dit cfic didm canh, ngay dem td chfic tuin fra canh phdng cin mit.
Khi dupc ctt cai qufin vfing Nghe An, Ly Nhfit Quang khdng chi lap mpt "hofinh doanh" d diy mi cdn cho dfio sdng ttt cpc Nam Thanh Hoi qua Dien Chfiu ddn bd Bic sdng Lam, tgo thfinh mdt tuyen giao thdng thuy thdng sudt ttt sdng B i Hoa (Tinh Gia - Thanh Hoi ) den sdng Lam (Nghe An) Ba nim sau (1044) Ly Thai Tdng cit dgi quin di dfinh Chiera Thanh vi khi cbien thing dan quin ttd ve tdi hofinh doanh B i Hda thi vua Ly Thai Tdng nghi lai Nhfit CJuang ddn tidp nhfi vua vi sip xdp noi in chdn nghi cho qufin sT diy dfi, chu dio. Nha vua thay kho ting cfing nhidu noi khfic, sip dfit gpn gang, xem xet cac giiy td sd sach, tbiy ghi chfip cin thin, ro rfing dau ra dly bdt ldi khen ngpi Nhi vua rit hfii long, thing cho Ly Nhgt Quang tii tudc hiu len tudc vuong, lai cho cai qufin thera mdt Id mdi cttng vdi chfiu Nghfi An.
2.3. Ddo kenh LSm
Nira Tfin Mao (1051), mfia ddng, flifingll, dfio kenh Lam"' Dfiy li doan sfing dao noi lien sdng Van Sing vdi ctta Tac khiu di vio Thanh Hoi frinh cfia bidn Thin Phtt,
Sdng Vin Sing "d phfii Nam huyen Yfin Khanh, nudc song tir nga ba Non nudc chiy qua ngi ba Vu Lfim (fric gpi l i kfinh Khit, ngi ba Yen Ding v i ngi ba Yen Phfi thudc huyfin Yfin Khanh lai chfiy qua ngfi ba Lien Tri fliupc huyfin Yfin Md den dja phgn xa Tnnh Nfl gpi la song Trinh Nft, den ngi ba Hd lai
" Ly Nh^l Quang l i con trai thii S ciia Thai T6 LJ Cong Uin, hi?u li Bit Lang hoang tli, mil nSm Dinh Dju (1057)
" Dgi Vi^t Sifky toan Ihir. (1993), t l , sdd, tr 269,
HM.Khoa/'iio 08June 2018|p.l48-153
chfiy qua nfii Ngoc Thd ddn n g i ba Bo Xuyen dd vfio cfia sdng Thin Phfi (trudc lfi ctta bidn Than Phtt, diy la chi luu tit. Cdn tfi sdng Bach Hd (tttc ha luu sdng Tnnh Ntt) chiy vd phia Ddng Nam dd vio dia phfin sdng cin, goi la sdng Cin (trudc l i ctta Can), diy l i phan luu"^.
Dgi Nam nhat thong cki chip ve kenh Lim nhu sau:
"kinh Ldm d dja phdn xa Than Phu, Phii Sa vd Nggc Lam huyin Yen Mo. nguyen kinh trudc ndy thong vdi song Ho Hd Ho Quy Ly ldi dd lap di nay thdnk dai bdng. ehi eon Id dai bdng, lyc gpi Id ddm Ldm. Bdi tha qua biin Thdn Phil cda Li Thdnh tong cd edu "Chuang Hodng trpng tdi diin kd thgch" nghia Id tdi dd khd nhpc di lap sdng liic Id cko ndy "
Kenh Lim bat dau tu ngfi ba Dfic Hau (xdm Trung Ddng xa Yen Nhin) chiy qua dia phin cic xa Yen Ttt, Yen Nhin, Yen Mgc, Yfin My, Yfin Thii, Yen Lim chfiy ra bidn qua ctta Can Ldng sdng hep va ndng, dai khoang 16 km Ngoii nhifim vu tudi tieu cho sin xuat ndng nghiep diy cdn la dudng giao thdng thuy quan frong ttt Ninh Binh vio Thanh Hoi.
Ttt nhflng gia tri ctta cfie kenh dfio thdi tidn Lfi, thdi Ly frong nhflng nim dudi quoc hifiu Dai Co Viet khi qudc hifiu mdi lfi Dgi Vifit cfic Vua nhi Ly vfin tidp tuc dfio cfic sdng trong c i nudc Cic sdng dao tieu bidu dd Ii dao sdng Linh Kirfli "Nira Ky Sfin (1089), dio sdng Lanh Kinh", Trong Du dia chi, Nguyen Trai chtt rfing: "Ddi Ly sai ddo sdng Bink L6, lit Lanh Kinh den Binh Lo, thong vai Binh Than de lien di lgi a Thdi Nguyin "^''. Day l i sdng thupc vfing Thi Cau, tinh Bfic Nmh, Va den nam Nham Ty (1192), dio sdng Td Ljch d kmh thinh Thfing Long^^,
3. Mot vai nhSn xet
Trong cdng cupc chinh phpc v i cfii tao tu nhifin de tdn tai va phit tndn, ttt nhitng bii hpc kinh nghiem tan dyng didu kifin ty nhifin dd trdng frpt "dan thuy nhap didn" don giin, cu dfin frong cic lang xa d3 tidn Ifin chung sttc, chung Idng khai dio, nao vet nhflng ddng sdng tu nhien tao ra dd phyc vy cho san xult v i ddi sdng Ttt dd hinh thinh nhttng dudng giao thdng, rad r0ng giao luu, thit chfit tinh doin kdt gifta cic vfing, cac mien frong dgi gia dinh dfin t§c Vifit Nara, Sdng
^^ Quoc sii quan nha Nguyin (2006), Dgi Nam nhdi thing chi, lap 3, Nxb Thuin Hoa - Hu^, tr 302;
^ Qu6c sii quan nha Nguyen (200G), D^i Nam nhat Ihong chi, t$p 3, Nxb Tbuan Hoa, tr 304;
^ Dai Viet Swkji loan thir,{\99y).l\,iSA.U2%2-,
^ Dai Viet Sir liy loan thit, (1993Xtl,sdd, tr330.
dfio tir Thanh Hda v i cic tinh Nghfi An . d tbdi ky qudc hifiu Dgi Cd Viet do Lfi Dai Hinh khdi xudng td chfic fliuc hifin l i con dudng giao flidng thuy n^i dja dau tien cfia nude ta. Con dudng dd da ddng gdp khdng nhd vao sy nghifip b i o ve vtftig chic va rad raang bd cdi phia Nam vfi cdn thuc day sy phit ttien kinh te x i hdi cfia khu vuc B i c Trung bp frong sudt tidn frinh di lfin cfia lich stt dfin tdc
Le Dgi Hanh li vi vua dlu tien cfia nhfi nudc dpc lgp ty chfi td chttc dao sdng. Su nghiep md diu vT dgi dd ctta thdi Tidn Lfi d§ frd thinh phuong chim hinh dpng cfia tit c i cfic flidi Ly, Tran, Lfi, Nguyen, Cac thai dgi kd tidp nhau khdng chi ludn khoi dfio, ngo vfit cfic ddng sdng cfi m i cdn lifin tuc dio thfira cic sdng mdi Ttt con sdng dio do Le Dai Hanh dau tifin dio trfin dit Thanh Hofi thdi Tidn Le, den thdi Ly, Trln sdng dio dfi xult hien d ddng bang B i c BO den Thanh - Nghfi - Tihh... Den thdi Hfiu Lfi dfi rpng khip dii mien Trung Bp v i ddn thdi Nguyfin thi sdng dao cd rafit d khfip mpi raien dat nudc,
Nhihig con sdng dao da ndi raoi midn dit nudc lai gin nhau ban, bien nhflng vfing hoang vu, heo linh thanh nai trfi phfi, nhibig phao dfii bit kha xfim phgm frong cic cupc khing chien bao ve nen ddc lfip, br chfi cfia Td qudc, b i o tdn va phit tndn bin sic vin hoi din tpc. Cd the ndi nhibig con sdng dio d i gdp phan khdng nhd dua dit nudc v i dan tpc Vifit Nara frd thfinh mpt nudc cd vi tri quan frong frong khu vuc
Tril qua nhieu the hfi tidn hinh dio sdng, trinh dp khoa hpc, ky thufit cu the lfi tn thuy, thuy nfing cua nhfin dfin ta di frd thinh nen khoa hoc dan gian mi cac nhfi khoa hpc chfiu Au sau nay phfii khfim phuc Ky su Ddtfitxing da vidt "Ve ky thuat tudi nudc vio cac mien khd khan vfi thio nudc d cic mien dpng, ngudi Vifit Nara l i mpt b i c thay, Khdng cd su cue rflipc nio lira cho hp quin ngai, De gat dupc hat Itta, bidu hifin cho su phdn thjnh, nhihig cdng cudc dio ngdi din nudc d i dUQrc thi hinh Cic ky su flidi nay cfia ta (Phfip) cfing phfii kinh ngae"
Sdng dio flidi ky mang qudc hifiu Dgi Cd Vifit cttng truydn flidng yfiu nudc ctta tofin din tpc di ti^
thinh sttc manh gdp phan quan frpng de bfio vfi v i md raang linh thd dat nudc trong thdi ley trung dgi v i frong khfing chien chdng Phap vfi ehdng My nhihig ddng sdng dd dfi frd thfinh huydn thoai ttong sy nghifip thdng nhlt Td quoc
Qua thdi gian vfi nhibig bidn ddng ljch stt, mpt sd sdng dfio ngiy nay khdng cdn. Nhung nhtbig ddng
HM.Khoa /No OSJune 2018|p. 148-153
sdng cdn lai van phat huy tic dung tot brfin cic mfit giao flidng, thuy Ipi, du lich, an ninh quoc phdng, mdi tnrdng Mpt sd noi do nhfin thttc v i qui trinh dd flij hofi da san lip cfic sdng dio, vd tinh tfr htty bd nhihig ky tich cfia cie thd he trudc. Do dd, vjfic duy tri, b i o ve, khoi sfiu, md rpng cic sdng dfio khdng chi chung ta gift gin til san vd gii cfia cha dng dd Igi m i cdn gdp phin lim cho dit nude frong thdi ky Cdng nghifip hoi - Hifin dai hofi cfing giiu, d^p hon.
Dudi tiidi ky mang qudc hifiu Dgi Co Vifit, cic sfing dao dd duac cic frieu dgi kd tidp, tidp tuc khai dio vi md rpng l i rapt ttong nhthig minh chihig vd su Idn raanh cua din tdc frong qui trinh xiy dung, bio vfi vfi phat ttidn dit nudc thdi Trung dai thd hien vai frd vfi vj fri cung nbu frich nhifim ctta nhi nudc trong vice to chfic v i thttc hifin cic cdng trinh cdng cdng Ttt frong ljch sfi ddn hien tgi ciing nhu tuang lai, cic ddng
sdng dd ludn ddng hinh cfing ci nudc b^n con dudng ddi mdi v i phfit bidn
T A I L I E U THAM KHAO
1 Dgi Viet sii ky lodn thu (1993), t l , Nxb Khoa hpc xa h Hfi Npi, fr 211,
2. Qudc sfi quin frieu Nguyen (1998), Khdm dfnh Viet su thdng gidm cucmg myc, Nxb Giao due;
3 Ddng Khdnk dja du cki (2003), Nxb The gidi, Hfi Nfii,
4. Hfi Manh Khoa (2000), Song ddo a Thanh Hda tit thi kyXden thi kyXIX, Nxb Khoa hoc x i hdi;
5. Dgi Nam nhdt tkdng chi (1970), Nxb Thuan Hda;
6. Qudc stt qufin nhi Nguyin (2006), Dgi Nam nhat Ikdng chi, Nxb Thuin Hda,
Dai Co Viet state carried out public constructions
HaManhKhoa
Article info
Recieved:
22/4/2018 Accepted:
12/6/2018
Keywords:
Dmh Tien Hoang, Dai Co Viet, first Le, Ly dynasty, Le Hoan. channel. Thank Hoa, Ninh Bmh, Ngke An, Dong Co. Lam Channel, Da Cai Channel.
A b s t r a c t
The channels in Dai Co Viet Period were earned out by Kmg Le Dai Hanh which were the first inland waterway in our country's history. The great beginning of first Le has become motto of action of al! Ly, Tran, Le, Nguyen dynasties. Successive eras not only enlarged and dredged old rivers but also dug new rivers The Ly dynasty and then the Tran dynasty cbarmels appeared in the Northern Delta to Thanh - Nghe - Tinh, By the end of Le dynasty, channels were widespread throughout the middle of Vietnam, and to the Nguyen dynasty, channels were found in all parts of the country. The charmels not only confributes importance to socio-economic developmentbut also be a great contiibution to the firmly protect flie southern border, expanding the border, making an important contribution to the cause of national construction and defense throughout the history of the nation.
