X A Y D V M G B 0 LUAT lb TVHO HiWH s y NAM 2003 (SllTA B 6 I )
MOT SODE XUAT, KIEN NGHj HOAN THIEN
Bp LUAT TO TUNG HJNH SI/ DE BAO DAM QUYEN CON NGl/Ofl
HOANGANHTUVEN"
Bdo ddm quyen con ngudi trong to tung hinh su la mpt trong nhiing dfnh hudng l&n doi v&i vi^c sua doi, bo sung Bp lu^t To tung hinh sy, trong do hodn thifn cdc quy dinh ve bifn phdp ngdn ch^n ta mpt trpng tdm.
B
ao dam quyen con ngudi (QCN) trong td tung hinh sy (TTHS) cd y nghia rat quan trpng trong qua trinh tien hdnh dieu tra, truy td, xet xir cdc vu an hinh su.Khdng the ddu tranh chdng tdi pham bang mpi gid ma khdng quan tdm den QCN nen Bd luat Td tung hinh su (BLTTHS) cdn cd myc dich la nham bdo ve cdc QCN khong bi vi pham, dam bdo cac quyen ndy dupe thyc thi trong thuc tien. Tuy nhien, cdc quy djnh trong BLTTHS hien hanh de nham bdo dam QCN cdn nhieu bdt cap, chua dap irng dupe yeu cau, do dd can hodn thien cac thii tuc td tung trong TTHS, dam bdo tinh ddng bp, dan chii, cdng khai, minh bach, tdn trpng va bao ve QCN Cu the nhu sau:
1. Xdc dinh ro rdng muc dich ciia to tung hinh sir
Muc dich cua TTHS ndi chung la nhdm phat hien, Idm sang td sy that ve tdi phgm vd ngudi pham tdi mpt cdch chinh xdc, kjp thdi, trimg trj ngudi phgm tdi theo diing phdp luat;
dam bdo cdc boat ddng td tyng dupe thuc hien nghiem minh, khdng cd cd nhdn nao la ddi Urpng cua sy ddi xir bat cdng, phi nhan dao;
bao dam cho ngudi vd tpi khdng bj truy ciiu trach nhiem hinh sy, nang cao nhan thiie eiia
ngudi dan ve su can thiet phai chdp hanh phap luat, tich cue dau tranh vdi nhiing hdnh vi phgm tdi. Do vay, hodn thien phap luat TTHS can tiep tyc quy dinh myc tieu xuyen sudt cua TTHS nude ta la (1) tim ra sy that, tim din chan ly khdch quan cua sy vipc, viec truy ciiu trach nhipm hinh sy (TNHS) vd trimg phgt ngudi phgm tdi mpt cdch cdng minh tuong xiing vdi tinh chdt, miic dp nguy hiem cua tpi pham; (2) bdo vp quyen vd Igi ich hpp phap ciia ngudi tham gia td tyng, bdo ve ea nhan khdng bi truy td, xet xu oan, khdng bi ban che cdc quyen ty do dan chu mpt cdch trdi phap luat. Hai myc dich nay phai dupe coi la ngang nhau ciia TTHS. Dilu 1 BLTTHS da ddp iing dupe yeu eau nay nhung trat ty ciia chiing trong dieu lugt Igi de dan den viec hieu theo thu tu uu tien trong danh gia eiia ngudi dp dung phdp lugt. Viec gidi quylt cdc vy dn hinh su vdi nhiem vy "khong bd lot tpi phgm"
khdng the eoi la quan trpng hon nhiem vu
""khong lam oan ngudi vd tpi". Hon nua, viec
^'khong bo lot tpi phgm^'' khdng bao hdm npi dung "khong bd Ipt ngudi phgm tpi". Do do.
T/j^c si ViSn Khoa hgc kiem sat, Vien kiem sat nhan dan toi cao.
I
Tap chi KIEM SAT 86 18 (thane 9/2013)mamtn cCru, XAY DPMG VA AP DPNG PHAP LPAT
cdn thay cym tir "khdng di Ipt toi phgm, khong lam oan ngudi vd tpi" tgi dogn 1 Dilu I BLTTHS thanh cym tir "khdng lam oan nguoi v6 tpi, khong bd Ipt tpi phgm vd nguoi phgm tpi". Siia ddi nhu vdy khdng chi phii hpp vdi tinh than cua nguyen t5c suy dodn vd tdi md cdn cd tdc dung dinh hudng nhan thiic cua cdc chu thd tien hdnh to tyng khi gidi quyet vu an hinh su, ndng cao ban nua trdch nhiem cua co quan tien hanh to tung, ngudi tien hdnh td tung trong vi8c tdn trpng vd bdo vp cdc quyen, Ipi ich hpp phdp cua cdng dan trong boat ddng ciia minh.
2. S ^ dSi, bh sung cdc nguySn t^c cua to tung hinh sy
Bp lugt Td tyng hinh su nam 2003 cd nhilu nguyen tac bdo ddm QCN trong TTHS nhu: Nguyen tac tdn trpng vd bao ve cdc quyIn eo ban cua cdng dan (Dieu 4), nguyen tac bao dam quyen bat kha xam pham ve than the cua cdng dan (Dieu 6), nguyen tac khdng ai bi coi la cd tdi khi chua cd ban an ket tpi cita Tda dn da cd hieu lye phdp ludt (Dieu 9)... Trong sd cac nguyen tac nay thi nguyen tac suy dodn vd tpi vdi ndi dung ngudi bi budc tdi dupe coi la v6 tpi va phdi dupe doi xu nhu la ngudi vd tpi la nguyen tac phap ly rdt quan trpng, xuyen sudt qud trinh td tung.
Ndi dung cua nguyen tac ndy duoc ghi nhan ttong nhilu Dilu udc qudc te. Mac dii, nhiing yeu cau co bdn eiia nguyen tac nay da dupe ghi nhan tai Dilu 9 BLTTHS nhung mot sd ndi dung eua nguyen tic theo tinh than cua cac Dilu udc qudc t l chua dupe dap iing day du trong dilu lugt ndy nhu: Mpi ghi ngd ve phdp luat va chimg cii phai dupe giai thich cd Ipi cho ngudi hi tinh nghi, bi can, bi cdo; yeu cdu v l sy thua nhan quyen im Igng cua bi can, bi cdo nhu la su ton trpng cao nhdt de dap ling yeu cdu khdng bupc phai chiing
minh sy vd tpi ciia bi can, bi cdo. Hon nua, Dieu 9 lai cd the dupe hieu nhu Id nguyen tdc suy dodn cd tOi nen tren thye tiln d mdt sd noi v§n cdn tinh trang cdc co quan tu phap ddi xir vdi ngudi bi bdt, bi can, bi cao nhu Id ngudi cd tOi. Do vdy, hoan thien nguySn tac suy dodn vd tpi can sua ten Dilu 9 thanh:
"Nguyen tdc suy dodn khong phgm loi", trong do phai cd cac npi dung sau: Ngudi bi bupc tpi dupe coi la khong cd tpi vd khdng phdi chiu hinh phat cho den khi cd ban an ket tpi ed hieu luc phdp luat cua Tda dn; Trdch nhiem chimg minh tpi pham thupc ve co quan tien hanh td tyng. Ngudi bi budc tpi cd quyen chiing minh la minh khdng pham tdi;
mpi hodi nghi ve loi cua ngudi bi bupc toi md khdng the lam rd dupe trong vu an phai dupe gidi thich theo hudng cd Ipi cho ngudi bi bupc tdi.
Mac dii BLTTHS hien hanh chua quy djnh nguyen tac tranh tung nhu mdt nguyen t^c co ban, dpc lap, nhung quy dinh ve tranh luan da nam rdi rdc d mdt sd dieu liiat trong BLTTHS.
Tuy nhien, de tang cudng tranh tung trong TTHS da dupe nhdn manh trong cdc Nghi quylt cua Dang ve cai each tu phap thi can phai bd sung nguyen tac tranh tyng nham tao ra CO chi thich hpp va hieu qua cho qua trinh tranh tung, vdi cac ndi dung nhu sau:
Thic nhdt, the hien day du cdc npi dung binh ddng trong qua trinh chiing minh, binh ddng trong viec bdy td quan diem, dua ra cac yeu cdu va tranh luan giiia ben bupc tdi vdi ben bdo chiia trudc Tda dn. Tda an ddng vai trd vd tu, khdch quan de ra phdn quyet tren co sd nghe Kiim sat vien xet hdi, tranh luan theo hudng budc tpi, cdn ngudi bao chiia xet hdi, tranh luan theo hudng go tdi.
Thu hai, quy dinh rd rang, ddy du quyIn vd nghia vy td tung ciia cdc ben (bupc tdi.
Tap chi KIEM SAT I S6 18 (thang 9/2013) *
X A Y DVHG BQ L P A T T 6 T P N Q HtWH Sp" MAM 2003 (B^rA B6I) bdo chiia) de hp cd du ca sd phdp ly thyc
hipn vipc tranh tyng.
Thu- ha. md rpng phgm vi tham gia td tyng cua ngudi bdo chua dc thay mgt bj can, bj cdo thyc hipn vipc tranh tyng. Vipe md rpng phgm vi phdi dupe the hipn d ca thdi diem tham gia td tyng vd ndng cao dia vj phdp ly ciia ngudi bao chiia de cd thi binh dang trong tranh tyng vdi ben bupc tpi.
3. Hodn thi^n cdc quy djnh vc quyen vd nghia vu ciia ngu'iVi tham gia to tung
3.1. Ve ngudi bf bdt. ngudi b( Igm giii; hi can. bi cdo
- Quyen "Khdng bi budc phdi dua ra Idi khai chdng lai chinh minh hoac bupc phai nhdn la minh cd tpi" ciia ngudi bi bupc tpi la mpt trong nhiing QCN quan trpng dupe ghi nhdn trong Dieu 14 Cdng udc qudc te ve cdc quyen dan su vd chinh tri 1966. Mac dii Dieu 10 BLTTHS quy dinh bi can, bj cdo cd quyen nhung khdng budc phai chiing mmb la minh vd Ipi nhung chua khang dinh ro quyen khdng bi budc phai dua ra Idi khai chdng lai chinh minh hoac budc phai nhan la minh cd tdi, ddn den thyc tien TTHS d nude ta mpt ty le khdng nhd cdc vy dn cd bj can, bj cdo nhdn tdi vd loi nhdn tdi nay ludn dupe coi la mdt trong nhirng chirng cir quan trpng duoc sir dung dc budc tpi doi vdi chinh hp, tham chi nhieu trudng hpp ty khai nhan tpi do bi de dpa, ep budc, hire cung, nhyc hinh. Do dd; da it nhieu tao cam giac cd su cudng ep trong TTHS nen can phai nghien ciru, bd sung quy djnh quyen im lang cua ngudi bi bat, ngudi bj tgm giir, bj can, bj cdo.
- Quy dinh ro rang, cy the quyen trinh bay Idi khai cua ngudi bj bat, ngudi bj lam giu, bj can, bi cdo vi hp cd quyen chirng minh sy vd tdi eua minh (Dieu 10), cd quyen trinh bdy y kien, quyen tu bdo chua... (Dieu 50). QuyIn
trinh bdy Idi khai la mpt trong nhirng each thirc thyc hipn quyIn bdo chiia, chiing minh sy vd tpi eua ngudi bj bupc tpi. Tuy nhien, quyen ndy cd thi dupe thyc hipn hay khong va thyc hipn nhu thi ndo Id do su lya chpn, quylt djnh cua ehu the cd quyen. Neu hp sir dyng quyIn trinh bay vd trinh bay sai sy that thi cung khdng dupe xem Idi khai khdng dung sy that cua hp Id nhimg bieu hipn tieu eye ve nhan than (ngoan cd, li Igm...). Ca quan tien hdnh td tyng, ngudi tien hdnh td tyng cung khdng cd quyen nhae nhd, bat bupc hp phai khai diing su that. Do vdy, cdn sua ddi quy djnh ve quyen trinh bay Idi khai ciia ngudi bi bupc tpi theo hudng nay de vira bdo ddm quyen con ngudi cua ngudi bj bat, ngudi hi tam giu-, bj can, bj cdo, ddng thdi nang cao trdch nhiem cua cdc co quan tien hanh td tyng, ngudi tien hdnh td tyng trong vipc thu thap day dii nhiing chiing cir budc tpi md khdng bi le thupc vdo Idi khai cua ngudi bi bat, ngudi bi tgm giii, bj can, bj cdo.
3.2. Ve ngudi bi hgi
- Theo quy djnh cua BLTTHS hien hanh thi ngudi bi hgi la phap nhan khi tham gia td tyng vdi tu cdch Id nguyen don dan sy. Tuy nhien, vdi tu cdch ndy, phap nhan cd it quyen, it khd nang hem so vdi ngudi bi hgi trong vipc bdo ve quyen vd Ipi ich hpp phdp cua td chiic minh khi bi ngudi pham tpi xam hai. Do vay, can xem xet md rpng khdi niem ngudi bj hai bao gdm ca phdp nhan, ddng thdi xac djnh ro khai niem ngudi dai dien hpp phdp cua phap nhdn vd quy djnh cdc quyen vd nghia vu eua phdp nhdn se do ngudi dgi dien hpp phap ciia phap nhdn thyc hien.
- Bp lugt Td tyng hinh sy hien hanh khdng quy dinh thdi diem tham gia td tyng cua ngudi bj hgi nen khdng ed su rang bupc co quan tiln hdnh td tung trong viec thira nhgn ngudi bj I Tap chi KIEM SAT
I S6 18fthdnB9/2013'»
NGHifiN cCni. XAY ojfUG vA Ap pyKG PHAP LUAT
hai, din den ngudi ndy khdng thi thyc hipn dupe nhung quyen eua minh daac phdp luat quy dinh nhu: Quyen dupe bilt v l npi dung budc tpi, quyen trinh bdy Idi khai, quyIn d l xuat chiing eii... Do vgy, cdn bd sung quy dinh thdi diem tham gia ciia ngudi bi hgi vdo tiln trinh td hing ke tir sau khi cd quylt dinh khdi to vy dn. Tuy nhien, thuc tiln xet xir cho thay khdng phai mpi hudng hpp khi klidi to vy dn deu cd the xac dinh dupe ngudi bi hai. Do do, thdi diem Ididi td vy an la thdi diem cd tinh nguyen tac de thira nhdn tu each td tung ciia ngudi bi hgi, cdn thdi diem ra quyet djnh cdng nhdn la khi xdc djnh dupe ngudi bj hgi trong vu an hinh su.
- BLTTHS hien hanh quy dinh ve ngudi dgi dien hpp phap ciia ngudi bi hai chi trong trudng hpp ngudi bi hai chet (Dieu 51).
Thuc te cho thay, nhieu trudng hop ngudi bi hai la ngudi cd khuyet tat ve the chat, tam than... thyc su cd nhu cdu c6 ngudi dai dien hpp phap cho minh. Do vay, de bao dam quyen vd Ipi ich hpp phdp cua ngudi bi hai can md rdng cdc trudng hpp cd ngudi dai dien hpp phap.
- Can bd sung quy dinh cho ngudi bi hai cd quyen dpc, ghi chep, sao chup nhiing tai lieu cd trong hd so vu dn khi ket thiic dieu tra. Bdi le, so vdi ngudi bi hai thi ngudi bdo chiia cua bi can dupe quyen dpc, ghi chep, sao chup nhimg tdi lieu trong hd so vu an khi ket thiic dieu tra nen bi can cd dieu kien tdt han de bdo ve quyen Ipi cho minh. Mac du BLTTHS quy dinh cho ngudi bi hai cd quyen dupe nhan thdng bdo ve ket qua dieu tra nhung lai khdng quy dinh cu the ve thdng bao ndy nen viec biet dupe ket qua din dau la chua ro rdng. Thuc te cho thdy, nhieu ndi dung thdng bdo rat cd dpng nhu "da ket thuc dieu tra vu dn vd ho so chuyen Vien kiem sdt truy td ", nen hdu het cac
trudng hpp chi khi tham gia phien tda so thdm, ngudi bi hai mdi bilt dupe nhiing tinh tiet cu the ve vu an. Do vay, de cho ngudi bi hgi cd kha nang bao ve mot each tdt nhat quyen Ipi ciia minh hoac kip thdi khieu nai quyet dmh ciia ca quan tiln hanh td tung nlu thay cd sai sdt, vi pham thi can bao dam cho ho dupe biet cdc tinh tiet, ndi dung cua vu dn khi ket thiic dieu tra.
3.3. Ve ngudi lam chirng
Bdo ve cua Nha nude ddi vdi ngudi lam chiing la van de dupe quan tam a nhieu nude tren the gidi do bao ve ngudi lam chiing la mpt trong nhiing yeu td ndng cao tinh xac thuc vd gia tri chirng minh trong Idi khai cua chu the nay, vi loai trir duoc nguyen nhan chu yeu ciia hien tupng ngudi lam chimg khai gian ddi, phu nhan Idi khai ban dau do bi de dpa, bi ep bupc, so bi tra thu. Bd luat Td tung hinh su nam 2003 cd mdt sd quy dinh tien bd, phii hpp vdi cdc nguyen tac qudc te ve bdo dam QCN cua ngudi 1dm chiing nhu nguyen tac bao hp tinh mang, siic khde, danh du, nhan pham, tai san cua cdng dan (Dieu 7); ngudi lam chiing cd quyen yeu cau CO quan trieu tap hp bao ve tinh mang, siic khde, danh du, nhan pham, tai san va cac quyen, Ipi ich hpp phdp khac cua minh khi tham gia td tung (Dieu 55). Tuy nhien, do chua cu the hod nen nhiing quy dinh ndy chua dupe dp dung pho bien trong thuc tiln.
Do vay, de dam bdo tinh kha thi, phii hpp vdi thuc tien va xu hudng chung ciia cac nude tren the gidi, can quy dmh cu the nhiing bien phdp bao ve vd trinh tu, thu tyc dp dung ddi vdi tirng bien phap bao ve ngudi lam chiing.
3.4 Ve ngudi bdo chica
Dilu 56 BLTTHS nam 2003 quy dinh tuong ddi day du ve quyen vd nghia vu ciia ngu'di bao chiia. Tuy nhien, can ra sodt, bd
Tap chi KIEM SAT I S6 18 (thang 9/2013) I
XAY pyMG BQ LUAT Td TifKa HJMH s y NAM 2003 (stim D 6 I )
sung mpt sd quyen cho ngudi bdo chua de tgo dilu kipn cho hp thye hipn tot quyen bdo chira, dong thdi bd sung mpt so nghTa vy cho ngudi bdo chira de dam bdo cdc dieu kipn tot nhdt cho vipc bdo vp quyen vd Ipi ich ciia ngudi dupe bao chua, cy the nhu sau:
- Ttvng giai dogn dieu tra: Bd sung cho ngudi bdo chira cd quyen tham gia mpt sd hoat dpng dieu tra nhu kham nghipm hipn trudng, thyc nghipm dieu tra; quyen dupe thdng bdo vipe trung cau vd ket qud gidm dinh; quyen dupe xem cdc bien ban ve hoat dpng td tung khi cd sy tham gia cua ngudi bdo chira; dupe nhdn ban sao cac quyet dinh td tung lien quan den ngudi dupe bdo chira de cd the thyc hien mpt cdch tdt nhdt viec bdo ve ngudi duoc bdo chiia nhu cdc quyet dinh tam giam, quyet dinh gia han tam giam, quyet dinh bd sung quyet dinh khdi td bi can...
- Trong giai dogn truy to: Bd sung quy dinh cho ngudi bdo chiia cd quyen de xuat ve chimg cir, dupe nhan Cao trang ciia Vien kiem sdt vd cac thdng tin lien quan den viec giai quyet vu an trong giai doan truy td.
- Trong giai dogn xet xu: Su cd mat ciia ngudi bao chiia trong giai doan xet xir bdo dam viec xet xir dupe khach quan, todn dien, dimg ngirdi, diing tpi, tren co sd kha nang tranh tung binh dang ciia ngudi bdo chiia vdi ngudi budc tdi trudc phien tda. Tuy nhien, Dieu 190 BLTTHS quy djnh nlu ngudi bdo chira vang mat Tda dn vdn md phien tda xet xu la khdng phii hpp nen can siia ddi dieu lugt nay theo hudng neu vang mat ngudi bdo chua thi phai hoan phien tda.
Quyen de nghj trieu tap ngudi 1dm chiing den phien tda Id mpt trong nhung quyen quan trpng cua ngudi bdo chiia de dam bdo vipe xet xu dupe chinh xac, khdch quan vd cdng bang. Do vay, edn bd sung cho ngudi
bdo chira cd quyIn d l nghj tripu tap ngudi Idm chiing tdi phiSn tda.
- De bdo vp day dii quyIn va Ipi ich chinh ddng ciia bj can, bi cao, can bo sung quy dinh cho ngudi bao chQa cd nghia vy: Cd mgt tgi phien tda; tdn trpng sy that vd cac Ipi ich phdp lugt; khdng duQc xuyen tgc, bop meo su that;
khdng dupe ddi Igp giua Ipi ich ciia bi can, bi cdo vdi Ipi ich ciia Nha nude, cpng ddng xa hpi; khdng thyc hipn hanh vi trdi phdp luat (gid tgo chiing cii, xiii giyc bi can, bi cdo khai bdo gian ddi, thdng cung, tieu hiiy chiing cir.,.); gdy khd khan, trd nggi cho hogt dpng dilu tra, truy to, xet xii.
4. Tdng ciriyng trach nhif m cua cff quae tien hdnh t6 tyng, ngirdd tien h^nh to tyng
De ddp ling yeu cau bao dam QCN trong TTHS, cdn bd sung quy dinh ve trach nhipm cua ngudi tiln hdnh to tyng trong vipe tdn hpng vd bdo ddm thyc hien cdc quyen cua ngudi tham gia td tyng nhu: Trdch nhipm tiep nhan va giai quyet cdc yeu cdu chinh ddng ciia ngudi tham gia td tyng; trdch nhiem ghi nhgn trung thyc va day du Idi trinh bay, loi khai ciia ngudi tham gia td tyng; chiu trdch nhiem ve tinh khdch quan vd tinh hpp phap ciia nhiing chiing cii do minh thu thap. Ddng thdi, bd sung quy dinh ddy du vd ro rdng ve che tai trong trudng hpp cac eo quan tien hanh td tung, ngudi tien hdnh td tyng khdng thyc hipn nghTa vy ciia minh.
5. Quy dinh d^y du, ch$t che cdc bien ph^p ngdn ch$n
Cdc bien phdp ngan chan d l xam phgm nhdt den QCN, vi ddy la nhirng bien phdp tryc tiep han che quyen ty do ca nhdn, quyIn ve tai san ciia ngudi bi bat, bi tgm giii, bi can, bi cao.
Tuy nhien, cac quy dinh v l bien phap ngan chgn trong BLTTHS hien hdnh cdn chua day du, chgt che, can phai nghien ciiu, hoan thien, cy th6 nhu sau:
I Tap chi KIEM SAT I So 18 (thang 9/2013)
NGHlfcw C&V. X A Y pyKG vA A P DVNG P H A P L P A T - Ve thdng bdo vipe bdt ngudi
Dilu 85 BLTTHS hien hanh chi quy dinh vi$c thdng bdo vipe bdt ngudi cho gia dinh ngudi da hi bdt, chinh quyen xa, phudng, thi trdn hogc co quan, td chiic noi ngudi dd cu tru hoac 1dm vice biet nen trong trudng hpp ngudi bj bdt khdng cd gia dinh, khdng ed nai cu tni thudng xuyen hoae khdng nghe nghipp thi hp khdng cd quyIn thdng bdo cho ngudi khdc md hp mong mudn. Trong khi dd, theo Nguyen tac 16 - Tap hpp cdc nguyen tac ve bao vp tat cd nhumg ngudi bi giam hay hi dudi bdt ky hinh thiie ndo ciia Lien hop qudc thi ngay sau khi bat giir ngudi bj bat cd quyen thdng bdo hoac yeu cau nha chiic trach cd thdm quyen thdng bao cho cdc thdnh vien cua gia dinh minh, hay nhiing ngudi khac ma hp lya chpn. Do vay, de phii hpp vdi thyc tien vd phii hpp vdi nguyen tac ciia phap luat qudc t l thi can bd sung quy dinh viec thdng bao bat giir cho than nhan hay nhiing ngudi khdc md ngudi bi bat yeu cau.
- Ve cdn cir dp diing bien phdp tgm giam Can cii dupe xdc dinh Id quan trpng nhat de quyet djnh hgn che quyen tu do cua bj can, bi cdo Id tinh nguy hiem cho xa hdi cua tpi phgm da thyc hien, khd nang tiep tyc thyc hien hdnh vi nguy hiem cho xa hpi ciia bi can, bi cao trong trudng hpp khdng each ly hp ra khdi ddi sdng xd hdi, tiep do la can cii ve su can trd ddi vdi hoat ddng gidi quylt vy an. Tuy nhien, Dieu 88 BLTTHS hipn hanh quy djnh can cir de dp dyng bien phap tam giam chi dua vdo tieu chi duy nhat Id phan loai tpi phgm nen chua khac phyc vipe Igm dyng tgm giam ddi vdi bi can, bj cao pham tdi rat nghiem trpng, dgc biet nghiem trpng. Do vay, de bao dam yeu cau ddu tranh phdng, chdng tdi phgm, ban e h l viec Igm dyng dp dyng bien phdp tgm giam
cdn quy djnh can cii dp dyng bien phap tam giam theo hudng kit hpp chat che giua tieu chi phan logi tdi phgm vdi nhdn thdn ngudi pham tdi, chinh sach hinh su (tien an, tien sy, khdng cd noi d cd dinh, ngudi chua thanh nien phgm tpi, phu nu' cd thai hoac nudi con nhd...) va yeu cau dieu tra, truy td, xet xir.
- Ve ngudi co thdm quyen dp dung bien phdp tam giam
Nghien ciiu phdp luat TTHS ciia mdt sd nude tren the gidi cho thay, do tam giam Id bien phdp ngan chan lien quan tryc tiep den quyen tu do ca nhdn nen phdp luat cac nude quy dinh rdt chat che ve tham quyen quyet djnh dp dung bien phap ngan chan. Nhieu nude quy dinh Tod dn la ca quan duy nhat cd thdm quyen quyet dinh viec tam giam ngudi bi tinh nghi pham tdi tren co sd hd sa, tdi lieu c6 lien quan cua Cdnh sat vd de nghi chinh thiic bang van ban ciia Co quan cdng to; mdt sd nude giao cho Co quan cdng td c6 quyen quyet dinh viec tam giam nhung phdi dugc sy ddng y cua Toa an hoac phai thdng bao cho Tod an biet; c6 rat it nude giao cho Co quan dieu tra cd tham quyen quyet dinh viec tam giam bi can, bi cdo. Do vay, de thuc hien chu truong "thu hep ddi lupng ngudi co thdm quyen quyet dinh viec dp dung bien phdp tgm giam " dupe xac dinh trong Nghi quyet sd 49- NQ/TW ciia Bd Chinh tri, theo xu hudng chung ciia cac nude tren the gidi, can sira ddi tham quyen dp dung bien phdp tgm giam theo hudng: Thay vi phe chuan lenh tam giam ciia Co quan dieu tra nhu hien nay nen quy dinh cho Vien trudng Vien kiem sdt nhan ddn vd Vien kiim sat quan sy cdc cap true tiep quyet dinh dp dung bien phdp tam giam trong giai dogn dieu tra, truy td; Chdnh an Toa an nhdn dan vd Tod dn quan su cdc cdp, Tham phdn giii Tap chi KIEM SAT I
S6 18 (thang 9/2013) I
XAY Diftia BQ LUAT Td n n r o HJWH a y wAw 2003 (sOa B 6 I I
chiic vy Chdnh tod Tda phuc tham Toa dn nhdn ddn tdi cao quyet dinh dp dyng bipn phdp tam giam trong giai dogn xet xir; HOi d6ng xdt xu dp dyng bipn phap tgm giam khi x6t xir tgi phien tda.
- le vice dp dung Iv^n phdp tgm giam doi vdi mpt sd logi tpi
Thyc hipn chii truong cua Ddng ve hgn che tam giam vd de bdo ddm phii hpp vdi thuc tien dau tranh phdng, chdng tpi pham trong tinh hinh mdi. cdn nghien ciiu, sira ddi BLTTHS theo hudng hgn che dp dyng bipn phdp tgm giam ddi vdi mpt sd loai tpi pham nhu tpi phgm kinh te, tpi phgm ma Bd luat Hinh sy quy djnh hinh phat lien la hinh phat chinh, tdi pham dupe thyc hien do Idi vd y.
Ddi vdi cdc loai tpi nay khdng can thiet phai tam giam ngudi pham tdi md dp dyng bipn phdp ngan chan khdc, theo dd, md rdng dp dung cac bien phdp ngan chan khdc thay the tam giam nhu bao linh, dat tien de ddm bdo, cu the la can ddi mdi can cir, thu tuc dp dung de phat huy hieu luc, hieu qua cac bien phdp ndy trong thuc tien nhu: Quy dinh ngudi bdo ITnh phdi cimg noi cu tni vdi bi can, bi cao;
ngudi nhan bdo ITnh bi phat tien neu vi pham cac nghTa vu da cam doan thay cho trdch nhiem tin chdp hien nay; quy djnh than nhdn cua bj can, bj cdo c6 quyen dat tien hoac tdi san cd gid tri de bao ddm de ngudi dang bj tam giam dupe dp dyng bien phdp ngan chan nay.
6. Sura doi quy dinh ve gidi han xet xir Gidi hgn xet xir cung la mpt trong nhirng bdo ddm quyen bao chira cho bi cdo, tuy nhien quy dinh Tod an cd the xet xu bj cdo theo khoan khdc khoan ma Vien kiem sat da truy td trong ciing mdt dieu luat tgi khodn 2 Dieu 196 BLTTHS Igi mau thudn vdi cdc quy dinh khac cua BLTTHS, dnh hudng den
quyIn bdo chiia eua bi cdo. Bdi BLTTHS khdng quy dinh cho Vipn kiem sat Id co quan thyc hipn chiic nang bupc tpi cd quyen thay ddi npi dung quyet dinh truy td tgi phien tda theo hudng Idm xdu di tinh trang ciia bi cao, Vipn kiem sat chi co the nit mpt phan hogc todn bp quylt dinh truy td hoac ket lugn ve tpi nhp hon (Dilu 195) nhung Igi cho phep Tda an ta co quan thyc hipn chiic nSng x6t xii cd the xet xu theo khodn nang hon trong cimg mpt dieu lugt, tiic Id 1dm xdu di tinh trgng cua bj cdo. Hom niia, mdi co quan tien hanh td tyng cdn thyc hipn diing chiic nang CLia minh, bupc tpi la chiic nang cua Vipn kiem sat, Tda dn chi xet xir trong pham vi npi dung bupc tpi ciia Vipn kiem sat. Neu Vien kiem sdt truy td khdng diing hogc khdng chinh xdc thi Vipn kiem sdt phdi chju trach nhipm trudc Nhd nude ve vdn de nay.
Ngodi ra, ve mat thyc te vd ly lugn ciing cho thdy bi cdo, ngudi bdo chua thuc hien quyen bdo chiia dya tren c o sd bupc tpi cua Vipn kiem sdt. Quyet dinh dua vy dn ra xet xii phdi neu rd tdi danh vd dieu khodn cua Bp luat Hinh sy md Vien kiem sat dp dyng ddi vdi hdnh vi cua bi cdo dupe quy dinh tgi Dieu 178 BLTTHS ciing nham bdo dam cho bi cdo chudn bi vipe bao chira cua minh. Do do. khodn 2 Dieu 196 can dupe siia ddi theo hudng Tod an cd the xet xir bi cdo theo khoan khac nhe ban khodn md Vien kiem sdt da truy td trong ciing mpt dilu lugt.
7. Bao dam quyIn con ngirdi cua bi can, bi cdo la ngirdi chira thdnh nien
- Ngudi chua thdnh nien phgm toi dang d Ilia tudi tre em nen rat de bi dnh hudng do hi mat danh dy va rat nhilu hau qua xdu cd thi xdy ra, nen viec xii ly ngudi chua thdnh nien
(Xem tiep trang 64)
I Tap chi KIEM SAT cA 18 (thin.. Qn(Wi\
X A Y p y K G B Q L P ^ T Td T V N G HJHH sp" N A M ZOOS {S^R D 6 I )
Tien sT Triin Cong Phan, Phd Vi^n trird^ng Vl^n kiem sdt nhan dSn t6i cao tiep vd Idm vide vd"] Doan dgi bieu cap cao B$ Tu* phap Nhgt Ban do ngdi Sakai Kunihiko, Thu- triFong Bo Tu> phdp din dau nhan dip Oodn sang thdm vd lam vi#c tgi Vi#t Nam (Ha N$i, ngay 27/8/2013). , , „
Anh: Song Ngw
MOT SODE XUAT...
(Tiep theo trang 40)
pham tpi phdi bdo dam cdc quyen co bdn cua hp, dac biet la nhiing quyen ve phat trien cd nhan va gido due. Xir ly chuyen hudng ddi vdi ngudi chua thdnh nien pham tpi Id bipn phdp can dupe nghien ciru, bd sung trong Chuong XXXll cua BLTTHS v l thii tyc to tung ddi vdi ngudi chua thdnh nien. Ddy Id mpt qud trinh thay the nham xii ly ngudi chua thdnh nien pham tpi bang cdc bipn phap khdng chinh thiic nam ngodi hp thdng tu phap chinh thdng vdi cdc dich vy hd trp hoac cac chuang trinh giao dye tgi cpng ddng, thuc day mpt each tich cue viec tdi hod nhap cua ngudi chua thanh nien phgm tpi vao gia
dinh va cpng ddng. Do vay, cdn bo sung vdo nhirng quy dinh chung ve trinh tu, thu tyc, thdi diem dp dyng xii ly chuyen hudng trong qud trinh td tyng ddi vdi ngudi chua thanh nien phgm tpi.
- Quy dinh trong trudng hgp can thiet, Tda dn cd the quyet dinh xet xir kin ddi vdi ngudi chua thdnh nien (Dieu 307) chua ro rang nen trong hau het cac vu an cd bi cdo Id ngudi chua thdnh nien deu dugc tien hdnh xet xir cdng khai. Do vdy, can quy dinh cu thi cac trudng hgp xet xii kin d l thdng nhdt trong thuc tien dp dyng, bdo ve bi mat ddi tu vd khdng gay tdn thuong cho ngudi chua thanh nien phgm tpi.*
'"Nghi quyet s6 49-NQ/TW ngay 02/6/2005 ciia Bo Chinh tri ve Chiln lirpc cai each tir phap din nam 2020.
