KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
UIMG DLJIMG HE THOIMG THOIMG TIIM DIA LY (GIS) XAY DLTIMG DAIM DO DOIM Vl DAT DAI PHLJC VLJ
DAIMH GIA TIEM IMAIMG DAT IMOIMG IMGHIEP TH! X A DOIMG TRIEU, TIIMH QUAIMG IMIIMH
Tr4n Xuan Bi6n^ Nguydn Ngoc HdngS Ph^im Thi Quynh Anh^
TOMTAT
Thi xa Dong Tneu co nhieu tiem nang, loi the de phat trien san xuat nong nghidp. V6i tong dien tich tii nhien la 39.658,35 ha, trong do dat nong nghiep 31.098,81 ha (chiem 78,42% tong dien tich tunhien). De xay dimg ban d6 don vi dat dai phuc vu cho danh gia ti^m nang dat nong nghiep, nghiSn ciiu da dieu tra 27.362,62 ha voi 6 chi beu phan cap (toai dat, thanh phan ca gioi, dp day tang dat, dia hinh tuong doi, che do tuoi, che do neu) ung dung GiS de xay dung dupe 6 ban do don tinh. Ket qua ch6ng xep 6 ban do don tinh bang phdn m^m ArcVievif 10.3 da xac dinh dupe 45 don vi ban do don vi dat dai. ket hop voi mo ta cac don vi ddt dai se lam co Sff quan trong de phuc vu cho danh gia tiem nang ddt nong nghiep tren dia ban thi xa Dong Trieu, tinh Quang Ninh.
Tii kh6a: He thdng thong Un dia ly (CIS), don vi dat dai, danh gia dit. Bong Trieu.
I.DATVAniDE
Dat dai vira la san pham cua tu nhien viia la san pham ciia lao dong, la tir lieu san xuat dac hiet khong th^ thay th^ dngc trong san xuat n6ng nghi6p. Trong qua trinh san xuat ndng nghiep, con nguoi da tao dtmg cac he sinh thai nhan tao d^ thay th^ nhung h^
sinh thai tu nhien do do lam giam tinh ben vung cua no [1]. Ben canh do nhung hoat dong cua con nguoi ngay cang gia tang ciing voi nhung tac dong ciia bien d6i khi hau lam cho nguon tai nguyen dat dai ngay cang bi suy thoai, quy mo quy dat danh cho san xuat nong nghiep ngay cang giam ca ve so luong va chat Iirgng lam cho nang suat cay tr6ng khong dat hieu qua cao. Yi vay, cong tac danh gia dat dai la mpt phan quan trpng de tan dung toi da tiem nang dat dai phuc vu cho san xuat nong nghiep n h ^ dat diroc hieu qua cao nhat.
Thi xa Dong Trieu n ^ b phia Tay Nam cua tinh Quang Ninh. Voi dac diem ve dia hinh va dat dai nen CO tiem nang rat Ion den phat trien san xuat nong nghiep. Tuy nhien, viec su dung dat nong nghiep con nhieu han che, bd tri he thong cay trong manh miin chtra thtrc su hieu qua. Trong boi canh do thi hoa diin ra manh me nhu hien nay doi hoi phai thay doi mo htnh tang truong ciia nganh nong nghiep nham phat huy toi da nhimg tiem nang ve dieu kien hr
Tnrcmg Dai hpc Tai nguyen va Moi truang Ha Noi
nhien, con nguoi ciia dia phuong, thich nghi tdt hon vol thach thuc tir cac yeu td bien dpng hin ngoai, tang thu nhap cho nguoi nong dan, huong tdi phat trien ben vtmg va hiiu qua [4].
Vi vay, viec xay dung ban do don vi dat dai bang cong ngh& GIS de xac dinh chinh xac cac don vi dat dai lam co so cho viec su dung dat nong nghiep dat hiiu qua cao, ben vimg va phat huy diroc tdi da tiem nang dat dai san co phu hgp vdi hi thdng cay trdng thich ling voi bien ddi khi hau nhu hien nay la rat can thiet tren dia ban thi xa D6ng Tneu, tinh Quang Ninh.
2. PHUONG PHAP NGHPIGlfU
- Nghien cuu da thu thap cac sd heu va tai heu thic cap ve hien trang sii dung dat, tinh hinh san xuat nong nghiep, di^u kien tu nhien, kinh te xa hpi va moi hordng duoc tdng hpp tir Phdng Kinh te Ha tang;
Phong Tai nguyen va Moi trudng. Cac ban do ve thd nhuong, dia hmh, hien trang su dung dat ty le 1/25.000.
- Phuang phap xay dung ban do don tinh va ban dd don vi dat dai bang cong nghe GIS: Can cir vao cac ngudn tai lieu thu thap dupe nhu ban dd thd nhuong, ban do hien trang sir dung dat, ban dd dia hinh, sd Ueu tuoi tieu ket hpp vdi phan mdm ArcVievi?
10.3 de hen hanh xay dung cac ban do don tinh (ban dd dat, ban dd dia hinh tuong ddi, ban dd dp day tang dat, ban dd thanh phan co gioi, ban dd che do tudi.
NONG NGHIEP VA PHATTRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 12/2018 133
KHOA HOC C b N G N G k .
ban dd chd do tieu) sau do chdng xep cac ban do don tinh de xay dung ban do don vi dat dai.
- Phuong phap tdng hop va xu ly sd lieu: Ngoai phan mem ArcView 10.3, cac sd hin cdn dupe tdng hgp bang phan mdm Microsoft Excel 2010.
3 . KEF QUA NGHEN GUU
3.1. Hi6n tr^uig su dung d^t n6ng nghifip thi xa Dong Tri^u, tinh Q u ^ g Ninh
Theo ket qua thdng ke dat dai nam 2017 cho thay thi xa Dong Tneu cd tdng dien tich dat hi nhifen la 39.658,35 ha. Trong do, dien tich dat nong nghiep chidm 78,42% (31.098,81 ha) tdng dien tich dat tu nhien, cu the nhu sau:
Bang 1. Hi6n trgng su dung dat nong nghidp nam 2017
TT
1 1.1
1.2 2
-
.?
4
MUCDiCHSUDUNG Tong dien tich tir nhien Bat nong nghiep Bat san xuat ndng nghiep
Dat trong cay hang nam Dat trong lua Dat trong cay hang nam khac
Dat tr6ng cay lau nam Bat lam nghidp Dat rimg san xuat Dat rimg phong ho Dat rimg dac dung Bat nuoi trong thuy san Bat nong nghiep khac
Dien tich (ha) 39.658,35 31.098,81 12.091,59 6.284,46 5.932,60 351,86 5.807,13 17.460,75 7.272,47 9.537,27 651,01 1.450,67
95,80 Tyte
(%)
100 78,42 30,49 15,85 14,96 0,89 14,64 44,03 18,34 24,05 1,64 3,66 0,24
3.2. xay dung ban dd don vi dii dai 3.2.1. Xac dinh va lira chon cic chi tieu Lua chpn va phan cap cac chi tieu ydu td dat dai de thanh lap ban do don vi dat dai theo chi din cua FAO va van dung vao dieu kien cu the cua dia phuong, nhu tinh ddng nhat cua LMU, cd y nghia thuc tidn vdi LUTs se lira chpn cho danh gia dat, co the ve dugc trin ban dd hoac quan sat dupe ngoai thuc dia, dac biet cac dac tinh cua cac LMU phai cd nhung dac tinh kha dn dinh anh hudng den sir thich hgp cua cac LUTs [2]. Tren ca sd ban dd thd nhirong da dupe xay dung chi tiet tdi cap dudi don vi dat phu, ban do hien trang su dung dat ty le 1/25.000 cua thi xa, cac tai lieu ve tai nguyfen khi hau nong nghifep, dia hinh, dia mao, thiiy van va do phi nhifeu dat,... ket qua dieu fra tmh hinh su dung dat cua cac hp nong dan de lira chpn va phan cap cac chi tiin xay dung ban dd don vi dat dai gdm: loai dat, dia hinh tuong ddi, che dp tudi, che do tieu, thanh phan co gidi, che d6 man, dp phi nhieu daL Cac chi heu nay cd anh hudng ldn tdi su thich hpp cua cac LUTs.
Dua vao yeu cau su dung dat cua cay trdng, cac yeu td dia hinh, dat dai va canh tac anh hirdng tdi sinh trudng cua cay va bd tri sic diing dat da dugc xac dinh cho viec xay dung ban dd DVDD [3] (trong qua trinh thirc hien xay dung ban dd DVDD nghien a m khong dira ph^n diin tich dat nuoi trdng thiiy san vao de danh gia).
Bang 2. CAc ydu td xay dung ban do don vi d^t dai
Ngudn: [3}
Ket qua tdng hgp hien trang sir dung dat nong nghiep thi xa Dong Trieu cho thay dien tich dat trdng cay hang nam la 6.284,46 ha, chii yeu la dien tich dat trdng liia 2 vu (5.932,60 ha) va san xuat lua khac Oua ket hpp rau man), dien tich cdn lai la dat trdng cay hang nam khac bao gdm cac loai rau mau (351,86 ha); dien tich dat trdng cay lau nam (cac loai cay lau nam cua thi xa chu ydu la vai thieu, na, cam va cac loai cay an qua khac) nam 2017 la 5.807,13 ha chiem 14,64% tdng dien tich dat hj nhien; dien tich dat nudi trdng thdy san cua thi xa la 1.450,67 ha, chiem 3,66 % trong tdng didn tich dat tu nhien.
Nhom yeu td L Yeu td thd nhirong IL Ydu td dia hinh III. Yeu td canh tac
Yeutd 1. Loai dat 2. Thanh phan ca gidi 3. Do day tang dat 4. Dia hinh ha'ong ddi 5. Kha nang tudi 6. Kha nang tieu
Ky hifiu So Te Sd To Ir Dr 3.2.2. Xay dung cac bin do don tinh a. Xay dung ban do dat
Loai dat la chi tieu tong hop khai quat duoc dac hnh chung cda khoanh dat Loai dat phan anh cac chi heu ly, hoa, smh hpc co ban ctia dat. Tr6n co so phan loai dat chi hii cho thi xa, da xac dinh duoc 4 nhom dat chinh, 9 don vj dat. Tren co so ban d6 dat ty 16 1/25.000 cua toan thi xa Dong Trieu, cac to hop dat, ban do dat chi tiet cho thi xa duoc xay dung voi cap
134 NONG NGHIEP VA PHATTRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 12/2018
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phan vi thap nhat la "Duoi don vi dat" ii phuc vu cho tich cac loai d danh gia dat dai. Ket qua xay dung ban do dat va dien
t duoc the hien obang 3:
TT I 1 2 3 II 4 5 6 III 7 IV 8 9 Tongt
Ma so
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ien tich c
Ky hieu Ten dat
Dat do vang Fl
Fp Fq
Dat do vang bien doi do tr6ng liia nuoc Dat nau vang tren phii sa co Dat vang nhat tren da cat
Dat phu sa Pbc
Pf Pg
Dat phii sa duoc boi chua Dat phu sa co tang loang 16 do vang Dat phu sa giay
Dat phen Si2M Dat phen hoat dong sau man
Diit xam bac mau X
Xg i^u tra
Dat xam tren phii sa co Dat xam giay
Dien tich (ha) 20.997,24 813,69 610,74 19.572,81 5.441,23 46,96 4.244,26 1.150,01 525,35 525,35 398,80 156,69 242,11 27.362,62
Tyle(%) 76,74 2,97 2,23 71,53 19,89 0,17 15,51 4,20 1,92 1,92 1,46 0,57 0,88 100,00 b. Xay dung bin ddphan cap dia hinh tuong ddi
Dia hinh tuong ddi cd anh hudng kha quan trpng den che dp canh tac nhu lam dat, tudi, tieu, kha nang giii nude, cac tinh chat khac cua dat va su bd tri cay trdng mpt each phii hgp. Can cii vao ban dd nen dia hmh ty le 1/25.000 va ket qua dieu tra, khoanh ve true tiep tren thuc dia cho cac xa, phuong d ty le 1/10.000, da hen hanh tach dia hmh tuong ddi theo 4 cap va xay dung ban do ty le 1/25.000, ket qua chi hdt duoe the hien trong bang 4.
Bkig 4. Kdt qua thdng k€ didn tich theo dia hinh tuong ddi
Ma so 1 2 3 4
Phan cap Cao Van cao
Van Van thap Tong dien tich dieu
ti-a
Dien tich (ha) 18.689,71
7.089,84 1.528,53 54,54 27.362,62
Tyte(%) 68,30 25,91 5,59 0,20 100,00
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^^^^S
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H i n h l . Sff d6 hita trang cic loai d i t Hinh 2. So d6 phan cip dia hinh tuong d6i
N O N G NGHIEP VA PHATTRIEN N O N G THON - KY 1 - THANG 1 2 / 2 0 1 8 13
KHOA HOC CdNG N G H £
e. Xay dung ban ddphan cap thanh phin e&gidi Bang 5. Thdng kfe didn tich phan c^p theo thanh
}han cagidi Ma
sd 1 2 3 4 5
Phan cap
cat
Cat pha Thit nhe Thit trung binh
Thit nang Ky hieu a b c d e Tdng dien tich didu tra
Dien tich (ha) 412,52 21.013,43 5.936,67
27.362,62 Tyle
(%)
1,51 76,80 21,70
100
hien theo 5 cap thanh phan co gidi. Ket qua dupe tdng hpp b bang 5.
d. Xay dung bin do phan cip do day tang dit Dp day tang dat hen quan den kha nang phat trien cua bp rd cay trdng, tir dd anh hudng tdi qua trinh sinh trudng, phat trien cua cay, dac biet la ddi vdi cay an qua va cac cay lau nam. Tren ca sd didu tra khao sat ngoai thuc dia ket hgp vdi ket qua ke thira tu ban dd thd nhuong nam 2005 va cac nghidn cuu trong phdng da xay dung ban dd don tinh the hidn theo 4 cap dd day. Ket qua tdng hgp d bang 6.
Bang 6. Tiidng kd didn tich theo dp dky t ^ d^t Thanh phan co gidi the hien kha nang gan ket
giira cac hat dat, cd hen quan chat che vdi cac tinh chat vat ly khac ciia dat nhu dd am, dp thoang khi trong dat... va cd anh hudng true tidp tdi su phat trien cda cay trdng. Tren co so dieu tra khao sat ngoai thuc dia ket hgp vdi ket qua kd thua tu ban dd Thd nhuong nam 2005 va cac nghien cim trong phdng, ddi chieu ti^u ban, da xay dung ban dd don tinh the
Ma so
1 2 3 4
Phan cap Rat day
Day Tmng binh
Mong
Dp day (cm)
>100 70 -100
50-70
<50 Tong dien tich di^u tra
Dien tich (ha) 7.553,32
270,63 19.538,67 27.362,62
Tyle
(%)
27,60 0,99 71,41
100
• 1 T
ju
Hr_
^ ^ E ^
&
F ^ ^
^ ^
^T
Hinh 3. Sa dd phSn c^p dO day tang d^t c. Xay dung bin ddphan cap chedd tudi Nhu cau nude cd y nghia quan ti-png ddi vdi cay trong. Vi vay che dp tudi khong chi quan trpng vd kha nang cung cjip nude tudi cho cay trdng ma cdn cd y nghia trong viec ngan chan kha chdng thoai hda dat. Can cu vao ket qua dieu ti-a thuc dia, cac sd lieu thu thap ve he thdng tirdi. nhu he tiidng ti-am bom tudi cho vimg van cao, van va tudi thuy luc (tir chay) d khu vuc van va van thap, ban dd Uroi cua thj xa ty Id 1/25.000 da duoc xay dung vdi 4 cap tudi chu dong, ban chu ddng, tudi khd khan va khong duoc tudi. Ket qua phan cap che dp tudi dugc tdng hpp d bang 7.
H Bint Ma
sd 1 2 3 4
inh 4. Sff d6 phan c^p thanh phibl Cff 7. Thdng ke didn tich phan cap mue
Phan cap Chu dong Ban chii
ddng Tuoi khd
khan Khdng dwc
tudi Ky hieu Irl Ir2 Ir3 Ir4 Tong dien tich dieu ti-a
Dien tich (ha) 7.828,51 3.093,60 16.440,51
0,00 27.362,62
gidi dd tudi
Tyle
(%)
28,61 11,31 60,08 0,00 100,00
136 NONG NGHlfP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 12/2018
KHOA HOC CONG N G H |
fXaydungbin ddphan cap chedd tieu Ben canh viec cung cap day du nude cho san xuat nong nghiep thi iing ngap cung la yeu td ban che ddn san xuat nong nghidp va tdi smh trudng, nang suat c£iy trdng, dac bifet vao luc ngap lut do mua bao. Do he thdng kfenh muong kha tdt n^n didn tich tieu thoat tdt chidm phan ldn (99,83%), phan nhd dien tich tieu c h ^ (chiem 0,17%). Can cir vao ket qua dieu tra thuc dia, cac sd lieu thu thap ciing vdi ban do dia hinh ty le 1/10.000, ban dd chd dp tieu thoat nude ty le 1/25.000 da dugc xay dung vdi 4 cap ti^u thoat nude.
Bang 8. Tiidng ke difen tich phan c^p miic do tieu thoAt nude
Ma sd 1 2 3 4
Phan cap Chu dgng Ban chii dgng Tieu khd khan Khdng tieu duoc ling
Tdng dien tich didu tra Ky hieu Drl Dr2 Dr3 Dr4
Dien tich (ha) 27.314,96
47,66
27.362,62 Tyte
(%)
99,83 0,17 0,00 0,00 100,00
Hinh 5. Sa dd phan c^p chd d6 tudi g. Xay dung bin dd don vi dat dai
De thanh lap ban do don vi dat dai cho thi xa Ddng Trieu, da tidn hanh chdng ghep cac ban dd don tinh da dupe xay dung va ket qua da thu dupe 45 don
Hinh 6. Sa dd phan cap chd dp tidu vi ban do dat dai trong tdng sd 27.362,62 ha dien tich dat nghien cihi. Sd heu thuoc tinh thu duoc neu tren dupe liru d phan mdm ArcView^ 10.3
To hgp dat
Dat dd vang bidn ddi do trdng Ilia nude
Dat nau vang tren phu sa cd
Dat vang nhat tren da cat
Bang 9. D ^ didm va tinh ch t cac dorn vi dat dai Dac tinh diit
So 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 3 3 3 3 3
To 1 2 1 1 3 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 3
Te 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 3
Sd 1 1 2 3 3 2
3 3 3 1
Ir
2 3 1
Dr DVDD
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Dien tich (ha) 27,05 478,29 11,15 33,87 17,39 58,27 154,81 32,86 275,57 335,17 196,48 243,01 1.239,36 16.399,06 71,45
Tyle
(%)
0,10 1,75 0,04 0,12 0,06 0,21 0,57 0,12 1,01 1,22 0,72 0,89 4,53 59,93 0,26 NONG NGHIEP VA PHATTRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 12/2018 137
KHOA HOC C O N G NGHE
Dat phii sa duoc bdi chua
Dat phu sa cd t^ng loang Id dd vang
Dat phu sa giay
Dat phen hoat ddng sau man
Dat xam tren phu sa cd Dat xam giay
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 7 7 7 8 9 9 9
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 1 1 1 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 4 2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 4 4 4 3 4 4 2 4 2 2 3 3 3
1 2 1 2 2 2 2 3
16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 Tdng dien tich didu tra
Tdng dien tich khdng dieu tra Tdng dien tich tu nhien
161,68 83,33 77,94 737,61 72,57 201,21 47,66 41,45 46,96 177,55 228,07 92,66 124,60 242,00 43,18 62,92 40,71 265,28 2.689,41 277,88 668,38 60,99 420,64 361,53 109,28 54,54 156,69 146,55 21,92 73,64 27.362,62 12.295,73 39.658,35
0,59 0,30 0,28 2,70 0,27 0,74 0,17 0,15 0,17 0,65 0,83 0,34 0,46 0,88 0,16 0,23 0,15 0,97 9,83 1,02 2,44 0,22 1,54 1,32 0,40 0,20 0,57 0,54 0,08 0,27 100
Nhu vay cd the thay rang, sd lugng don vi dat dai cua thi xa la kha ldn, dieu nay chung td cac dac tinh dat dai la kha phirc tap va it ddng nhat. Dien tich cua mdi don vi dat cung cd su chenh lech rat ldn, don vi dat cd dien tich nhd nhat la don vi dat sd 3 vdi 11,15 ha va don vi dat cd dien tich ldn nhat la don vi dat sd 14 vdi 16.399,06 ha.
3.2.3. Md ta cic don vi dat dai
- Tdhop dit do vang bien ddi do trdng Ida nude Td h ( ^ dat do vang bien ddi do trdng Itia cd 08 don vi dat dai (ky hieu tir 01 - 08) vdi tdng dien tich
la 813,69 ha (chiem 2,97% tdng dien tich dieu ti-a).
Cac don vi dat dai nay tap trung chu yen d nhung khu vuc ddi mii, dia hinh tir van cao den cao; thanh phan CO gidi thit nhe va trung binh. Cac don vi dat dai nay tap trung chii yeu b cac xa Binh Khe, Trang Luong, An Sinh. Do tao rupng bac thang giir nude de trdng lua nen tinh chat dat da bi thay ddi.
Dat cd qua trinh khu xay ra manh, nhtrng noi canh tac 2 vu liia, dat ngap nude quanh nam xuat hien giay manh ngay d tang mat. Hien trang va hudng su dung hieu qua loai dat nay vkn la trdng liia nude 1-2 vu hoac 2 vu lua +1 vu mau.
138 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 12/2018
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Hinh 7. Sa dd dan vi d^t dai - Tdhop dat nau vangtidnphu sa ed Td hgp dat nau vang h-en phii sa cd cd 02 don vi d^t dai (ky hieu sd: 9,10) vol tdng dien tich 610,74 ha (chiem 2,23% didn tich didu tra). Loai dat dupe hmh thanh tren phii sa ed nhung phan bd b viing tiep giap dong bang va trung du, dat co dia hinh lupn sdng, dp cao tuyet ddi dao dpng tir 20-50m. Dat cd tang day, toi xdp, thoat nude, thanh phan co gioi nhe den trung binh, gan viing ddng bang, gan ngudn nude. Cac don vi dat dai nay tap hung d 02 xa Binh Khe va Trang Luong.
- Tdhop dat vang nhat tidn di cat
Cd 16 don vi dat dai (ky hieu hi sd 11 den sd 23) voi tong di6n tich 19.572,81 ha (chiem 71,53% dien tich didu tra). Day la td hgp dat chu yeu ciia thi xa phan bd tap tnmg b cac xa An Sinh, Trang Luong, Hdng Thai Dong, Hdng That Tay, Binh Khe va Hoang Qud. Dat phat trien tren da me giau thach anh nhu cat kdt, dam cupi kdt. Tang dat mdng, lan it sdi san thach anh, mau vang nhat, kho cung, tieu thoat nude tdt.
- Tdhop dat phu sa duoc bdi chua
Co 01 don VI dat dai ky hieu sd 24 vdi di^n tich 46,96 ha (chiem 0,17% dien tich dieu tra) xuat hien b Kim Son va Binh Duong. Dac diem chinh cua don vi dat dai thuoc loat dat nay cd thanh phan ca gidi thit trung binh, cd dia hinh tuong ddi van thap den van, kha nang tudi chii ddng la chinh, tiin thoat nude trung binh den tdt, khong xuat hien giay b trong tang, dat khong man den man it, dp phi cua dat miic trung binh ddn cao. Hien tai tr&n eac don vi dat dai nay co cau 2 vu lua vln la loai hinh sir dung dat chu dao.
- Tdhop dat phu sa cd ting loang Id dd vang Cd 11 don vi dat dai (ky hieu tir sd 25 - 35) vdi tdng dien tich 4.244,26 ha (chiem 15,51% dien tich
dieu tra) phan bd d ban het cac xa, phudng tren dia ban thi xa. Dat dupe hinh thanh do su di chuydn manh len va xudng cua sat, nhom trong phau dien dat. Dat thich hgp trdng cac loai eay trdng hang nam.
Tdng cation kidm trao ddi thap, dung tich hap thu CEC deu thap d cac tang. Thanh phan co gidi dat thit pha set. Td hpp dat phii sa cd tang loang lo dd vang hau het dang dupe su dung de trdng lua, liia man mdt sd didn tich nhd de hoang. De nang cao nang suat cung nhu hidu qua sic dung dat can thiet ddi hdi tap trung ddu tu ve vdn ciing nhu cac giai phap ky thuat ddng bp: gidng, phan bdn, thuy lgi, cai tao dat...
- Td hpp dat phii saglay
Cd 03 don vi dat dai O^y hieu sd: 36,37,38) vdi dien tich 1.150,01 ha (chidm 4,20% dien tich dieu ti-a) phan bd tai cac xa, phudng dd la: Mao Khe, Yin Thp, Hung Dao, Yen Diic, Hoang Que, Kun Son, Binh Khe. Dae diem dat dai la dia hinh van, chd dp tudi chu ddng. Do phi nhieu ciia cac don vi dat dai nay thuoc mirc trung binh, diit man it, voi thanh phan co gidi thit nang, tang giay xuat hien d mue tnmg binh 30 - 70 cm da xuat hien. Hd thdng cSy trdng chii dao tren cac don vi dat nay nay chu yen la 2 vu lua Oua xuan-liiamiia).
- Tdhop dat hoat ddng sau man
Cd 03 don vi dat dai 0 ^ hieu sd: 39, 40, 41) vat dien tieh 525,35 ha (chiem 1,92% di6n tieh didu ti-a) phan bd chu yeu b cac xa, phudng: Hdng Thai Dong, Hdng Thai Tay, Hoang Qud. La dat phen hoat dpng sau nhung bi nhidm man, cung hinh thanh tir dat phen tiem tang, tap trung chu yen la khoang Jarosite dudi dang ddm, vet mau vang rom, cd pH thudng dudi 3,5 (rat chua). Dat phen boat dpng man it va trung binh hien nay dang sir dung trdng 2 vu lua. O nhijng vimg dat trung nen su dung trdng liia ket hpp vdi nuoi ca vu miia. Nhirng viing dat van hoac thap nen trdng 2 vu lua, d day can gieo cay gidng lua chiu phen ket hop voi cac bidn phap than chua rira man, cai tao dat.
- Td hop datxiin tien phu sa cd
Cd 01 don vi dat dai (sd 42) dien tich 156,69 ha (chiem 0,57% dien tich dieu tra) phan bd d cac xa Trang An, An Sinh. Dat cd thanh phan co gidi trung binh, cd phan ung chua; ham lugng huu co trong dat trung binh; lan tdng sd trung binh, lan dd tieu ngheo;
kali tdng sd ngheo, kali dd tieu ngheo; cation ladm
NONG NGHIEP VA PHATTRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 -THANG 12/2018 139
KHOA HOC C d N G NGHE
trao ddi r^t ngheo, dung tich hap thu (CEC) thap.
Dat xam dien hinh la loai dat cd do phi thap, hien tai dang dirpc su dung trdng lua hoac lua - mau. Do dat thudng phan bd b dia hinh cao va van cao nen sir dung ti-dng cac loai cay hang nam nhu lua, ngo, khoai, rau mau va cay cong nghiep ngdn ngay.
- Tdhop datximgiay
Cd 03 don vi dat dai (ky hieu sd 43, 44, 45) voi dien tich 242,11 ha (chiem 0,88% dien tich didu ti-a) phan bd b cac xa: Hdng Thai Dong, Hdng Thai Tay, Kim Son, Xuan Son. Dat hinh thanh va phat trien chu yeu tren da cat ket va phii sa co, hiing nude tir cac khu virc lan can n&n it thoat nude. Dat ed phan iing rat chua, ham luong hiru co ngheo. Lan tdng sd ngheo, lan dd hin ngheo; kali tdng sd, kali dd tieu tnmg binh. Luong cation kiem trao doi thap, dung tich hap thu thap, thanh phan co gidi tir thit ddn thit pha set. Do vay nen su dung trdng lua d nhraig noi thuan lgi nuoe.
4 . KET LUAN
Vdi tdng dien tich tir nhien la 39.658,35 ha, trong dd dien tich dat nong nghiep la 31.098,81 ha (ehiem 78,42% tdng dien ti'ch tu nhien) ciing voi nhiing loi the vd vi tri, dia hinh, khi hau da mang lai cho thi xa Dong Trieu nhieu tiem nang lgi the de phat tnen san xuat nong nghiep.
Qua didu ti-a, khao sat 27.362,62 ha/31.098,81 ha dien tich dat nong nghidp va vdi 6 chi tieu phan cap Goai dat, thanh phan co gidi, dp day tang dat, dia hinh tuong ddi, che dp tudi, che do tieu) da xay dung
dupe 6 ban dd don tinh thong qua nhimg iing dung cua GIS.
Thuc hidn chdng xep 6 ban do don tinh bang phan mem ArcVievir 10.3 da xae dinh dugc 45 don vi ban dd dat dai. Didn tich cua mdi don vi dat cung cd su chenh lech rat ldn, don vi dat cd dien tich nho nhat la don vi dat sd 3 vdi 11,15 ha va don vi dat cd dien tich ldn nhat la don vi dat sd 14 vdi 16.399,06 ha.
Ket qua nghien ciiu da mo ta 9 td hpp dat tuong ling vdi nhimg don vi dat dai bang nhung phan tich cu the day chinh la co sd de dua ra hudng su dung dat phii hgp vdi he thdng cay trdng va la can cic quan trpng de danh gia tiem nang dat nong nghidp.
TAI UEU THAM KHAO
1. Doan Cong Quy (2006). Giao trinh quy hoach sic dung dat. Nha xuat ban Nong nghifep, Ha Ndi.
2. FAO (Td chiic Nong luong Lien hgp qudc).
Khung danh gia dat, Rome, Italy, 1976.
3. Tran Xuan Bien, Tran Minh Tidn (2018).
Nghien cicu tiem nang dat dai de phat trien mo hmh thanh long ruot do tai thanh phd Uong Bi, tinh Quang Nmh. Tap chi Nong nghiep va Phat tridn nong thon, sd 14/2018, Tr. 136-143.
4. Uy ban Nhan dan tiii xa Dong Tridu (2013).
De an tai co cau nganh nong nghiep thi xa Dong Trieu den nam 2020, Quang Ninh.
5. Uy ban Nhan dan thi xa Dong Trieu (2017). Sd Ueu thdng ke dat dai nam 2017 cua thi xa Dong Trieu, Quang Ninh.
APPLICATION OF GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM (GIS) BUILDING THE LAND UNIT TO SERVE THE ASSESSMENT OF AGRICULTURAL POTENTIAL FOR AGRICULTURAL LAND
IN DONG TRIEU TOWN, QUANG NINH PROVINCE
Tran Xuan Bien, N ^ y e n Ngoc Hong, Pham TTii Quynh Anh Summary
Dong Tneu town has many potentials and advantages to develop agncultural production. Total natural area is 39,658.35 hectares, of which agncultural land is 31,098.81 hectares (accounting for 78.42% of total natural area). To develop a map of land units for potential assessment of agncultural land, the study has investigated 27,362.62 ha with 6 indicators fland type, mechanical composition, soil layer, soil relative, irrigation, drainage) GIS application to build 6 single maps. Overlaying 6 single maps using ArcView 10.3 software has identified 45 units of land unit maps, combined with a description of the land units that will serve as the basis for the evaluation agricultural land potential m Dong Trieu town, Quang Ninh province.
Keywords: Geographic information system (GIS), land unit, land evaluation, Dong Trieu.
Ngudi phan bidn: TS. H o ^ g T u i i Hidp Ngdy nhan b ^ : 19/9/2018 Ngay thdng qua phan bidn: 19/10/2018 Ngiy duydt dang: 26/10/2018
140 N O N G NGHIEP V A PHATTRIEN N O N G THON - KY 1 - THANG 12/2018
