I Ngayen Thi Thu Trang
I Men Bao tao va Nghien ciju Ngan hang Thuong mai co phan Bau tu va Phat trien Viet Nam
Doi mHi phuong thdc quan ly tien te trong nen iiinii te so
C
ach mang cong nghiep 4.0 va qua trinh so hoa dang tao ra su phat trien nang dpng va toan dien cua kinh teViet Nam, dong thdi dat ra yeu cau doi mdi cac hoat dpng quan ly nham thuc day sU phat trien. Bai viet tap trung danh gia thUc trang va trien vpng phat trien cCia kinh te so Viet Nam, td do chi ra 5 xu hudng chinh trong doi mdi quan ly tien te, dap ling y§u cau phat trien trong ky nguyen so. Do van con mot so rao can chinh ddi vdi phat trien l(inh te so, cung nhU thach thdc ddi vdi quan ly tien te trong nen kinh te so nhu khung kho phap ly chua theo kip toe dp sd hda; khi nang dng dung cong nghe, doi mdi sang tao con bat cap; CO sd ha tang va nguon nhan luc cdn nhieu ban che; thoi quen dung tien mat; rCii ro b^o mat thong tinea nhan va an ninh mang... Bai viet dua ra mpt sd kien nghi, ham y chinh sach nhlmthucdaysuphattrienkinh te so, nang cao hieu qua quan ly tien te.TO khoa: Kinh te sd, do ludng kinh te so, doi mdi quan ly tien te trong nen kinh te so Viet Nam.
The Industrial Revolution 4.0 and the digitization process are creating a dynamic '^
and comprehensive Vietnamese digital economy as well as requiring innovation of management for widely and deeply development. This research paper focuses on the situation and prospects of Vietnam's digital economy; thereby, pointing out 5 main '. trends of monetary management, meeting development requirements in the digital age.
{ However, some barriers and challenges to digital economy development and monetary management: Not-keeping-pace with the digitization of legal framework; the inadequate technology adoption and innovation; limitation of infrastructure and human resourse; cash habit; risks of privacy of personal information and network security. As a result, this article has made some recommendations and policy implications to promote the development of Vietnam's digital economy as well as I improving the efficiency of monetary management.
Keywords: Digital economy, measuring digital economy, innovation of monetary in
Vietnam's digital economy. /
Ngay nhan bai: 27/12/2019
Ngdynhgnphan bien, danh gia vasHachiTa: W/OI/2020 Ngay duyit dang: 17/01/2020
Kinh te rai chmh Vi^t Nam / So 1 - Thang 2/2020
1. Khai niem va do lu'dng kinh te so Theo Ca quan Phat trien Lien hpp qudc (UNDP, 2018), "kinh tg so bao gdm toan bp cac ITnh vuc hoat dpng bang each su dung nen tang cong nghe thong tin va tmyen thong nhu internet, mang di dpng va mang cam bien". Nhu vay, kinh te so theo nghia rpng nhat bao gom tat ca cac boat dpng Idnh te - xa hpi co su dung cac san pham dich vu internet, hoat dpng cong nghe thong tin - truyen thong (thuong mai dien tu, du lich so, nong nghiep so, tai chinh so, chinh phu dien tu, y te so, giao due so...).
Do CO nhieu dinh nghia Idiac nhau ve kinh ti s6 dan dSn viec do ludng pham vi, quy mo kinh tg s6 ciing khac nhau va ket qua dong gop cua kinh te sd vao GDP va ngn kinh t& cung khac nhau. Dudi day la 3 each thuc do ludng quy mo kinh te so dua tren quan diem, khai niem kinh te so tu hep den rpng va rpng nhat.
Do ludng Idnh te so qua gid tri cdc giao dich sd hda
To chiic Hop tac va Phat trien kinh te (OECD, 2018) va Voorburg Group (2018) giao dich so la thudc do quan trpng cua nen kinh te so, dupc xac dinh thong qua 3 boat dpng CO ban khong phan biet nha san xuat hay san pham so: (i) Dat hang ky thuat s6;
(ii) Giao hang ky thuat so; (iii) Tao nen tang so va 3 tieu chi co ban de phan biet cac giao dich so la each thiic thuc hien giao dich, doi tupng dupc giao dich (hang boa, dich vu va dir Heu), chu the lien quan (ngudi tieu dung, doanh nghiep hoac chinh phu). Trong do, viec tao nen tang so la dac diem quan trpng cua nen kinh te sd, phat
huy vai trd trung gian ddi vdi hinh thuc dich vu true tiep, mo
truyen thdng, la nhn tang
,6 hmh kinh doanh r cho mo hinh kinh ta chia se, c o n / n g h e ^ i chinh (fmtech), gpi vdn cong ddng nhu Airbnb, Uber, Grab, eBay,' eBooks, eDreams, Despegar, Booking, Hotels.com... Vdi su phat trien cua internet cac giao dich so, theo Emarketer, thuong mai dien tu(B2C) toan cau tang manh vdi tdc dp trung binh 19,2%
t r o n g g i a i d o a n 2 0 1 5 - 2 0 1 8 vadir bao den nam 2023 dat quy mo 6.542 ty USD, gap 3,8 lan nam 2015.
Do lu&ng nin kinh ti thdng qua bd chi sd kinh te sd
The Digital Economy Task Force (G20 DETF, 2018) da ban hanh Bp cong cu do ludng nhn kinh t^ ky thuat sd vdi 30 chi s6 chinh va phuong phap de danh gia quy mo va su phat triSn cua kinh te so theo 4 nhom tru cot chinh: (1) Ha tang kinh te sd; (2) Vai h:6 cua kinh te so trong ddi song xa hpi; (3) Doi mdi sang tao va ap dung cong nghe;
(4) Tang trudng va viec lam.
Lien minh chau Au (EU) su dung Chi sd xa hpi va kinh te ky thuat so (Index- DESI) de tong hpp tdm tat cac chi so Hen quan ve hieu suat ky thuat so cua chau Au, danh gia su tien bp ve xa hpi va nen kinh te ky thuat so ciing nhu kha nang canh tranh ky thuat sd cua cac quoc gia thanh vien. DESI dupc xay dung tu nam 2014 dua tren 34 chi sd tu 5 ITnh vuc chinh sach chinh vdi so Heu thu thap tu Co quan Thdng ke chau Au: (1) Kha nang k8t ndi;
(2) Ngudn vdn con ngudi; (3) Muc dp su dung djch vy internet; (4) Tich hpp edng nghe s6 (s6 hda kinh doanh trong cac
1 Thuong mai dien tilr (B2C) bao gom cac hoat dong mua sam iiang hoa va djch vu tren cac he thongdientif nhu Internet va cac mang may tmh tU doanh nghiep den ngUoi tieu diing khonq bao gom doanh thu cac san pham truyen thong so, djch vu phan phoi so va hang hoa da aua SLf dung.
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ianh te tai chinh Viet Nam / S6 1 - Thang 2/2020doanh nghiep va thuong mai dien tu); (5) Miic dd s6 hda cac dich vu cong. Ngoai ra, tijrnam 2013, EC ciing x&y dung Chi sd xa hpi va kinh tl ky thuat so quoc te (I-DESI) tren ca sd phuong phap ciia DESI va lira chpn 24 chi tieu tuong dong ciia 17 qudc gia ngoai EU^ nham phan tich va so sanh su phat trien kinh te sd ciia timg qudc gia trong EU va EU vdi the gidi.
Cung vdi su phat trien cua each mang cong nghiep (CMCN) 4.0, viec do ludng quy mo kinh te so da va dang tiep tuc dupc hoan thien nham phan anh mpt each chinh xac, day du va toan dien. Theo UNCTAD (2019), kinh te so ddng gop trung binh 15,5% GDP vao nen kinh te toan cau, trong do 4 nudc cd quy mo kinh tS sd Idn nhit la Hoa Ky (60% GDP), Anh (58% GDP), Nhat Ban (48% GDP) va Trung Qudc (30% GDP).
2. ThiTc trang va trien vong phat trien Itinh te so Viet Nam
2.1. Thirc trang kinh ti sd Viet Nam giai doan 2015 - 2019
Nhd nhiing budc tiin v8 chmh sach, ha tang, nhan lire va kha nang ling dung cong nghe s6, kinh te sd Viet Nam cd su tang trudng an tupng trong nhiing nam gin day.
Theo "e-Conomy SEA 2019 Report" cua Google, Temasek, Bain & Company, Viet Nam Cling vdi Indonesia la hai nudc cd t6c dp tang trudng kinh tk s6 hang dkx khu vuc ASEAN vdi tdc dp tang trudng trung binh giai doan 2015-2019 dat 38%. Nam 2019, quy md kinh tS s6 Viet Nam udc dat 13 ty USD, ddng gdp khoang 5% GDP vdi su thay ddi toan dien cua cac Idiu vuc kinh te, dac biet la su phat trien nang dpng cua cac khu vuc kinh te mdi ndi nhu: Cong nghe thdng tin va truyen thdng, thuong mai dien tir, cong nghe tai chinh.
Bilu ah 1. Ddng gdp viko GDP cda kinh t^ s6 Vlf t Nam v^ cSc nu6-c ASEAN, nSm 2019
Ngudn: Google, Temaseic, Bain & Company 2019
Bao g6m: Australia, Brazil, Canada, Chile,Trung Quoc, Iceland, Israel, Nhat Ban, Han Quoc, Mexico, New Zealand, Na Uy, Nga, Serbia, Thuy Sy, Tho N hi Ky va Hoa Ky.
Kinh t^ tai c h i n h Viet Nam / So 1 - Thang 2/2020
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Dua tren khai niem va do ludng quy md, pham vi kinh te so, trong bai nghien cuu nay, thuc trang kinh th sd Viet Nam dupc nghien cuu va phan tich dua tren 3 khu vuc: (1) Khu vuc loi cua nen kinh te so (nghia hep): Su phat trien cua nganh cong nghe thdng tin - truyen thdng; (2) Khu vuc so hoa: Su phat trien cua cac nen tang true tuyen, cac dich vu ho trp nen tang nhu kinh te chia se, fmtech, gpi von edng ddng... (3) Khu vuc kinh te sd theo nghTa rpng nhat: Su phat trien cua thuong mai, san xuat, du lich, truyen thdng, thanh toan CO sir dung cac san pham dich vu internet; chinh phu dien tii.
Khu vuc loi
La mpt trong nhiing nganli tang trudng nhanh nhkt tai Viet Nam, su phat trien manh me cua edng nghe thong tin va truyen thdng la nen tang quan trpng cho su bung n6 cua kinh te so. Theo Bd Thdng tin va Truygn thong, edng nghe thdng tin va huySn thdng dat tdng doanh thu gan 100 ty USD trong nam 2018, gap 13 lan nam 2010. Xu hudng phat tri^n cua ITnh vuc cong nghe thong dn - truyen thdng dupc dan dat bdi nganh edng nghiep phan ciing vdi ty trpng gan 90% tdng doanh thu; cong nghiep vien thong ddng vai trd ha tang quan trpng cho nen kinh te sd chiem 15,2%
tong doanh thu, toe dp tang trudng trung binh 6%/nam. Ty trpng xuat khau cong nghe thong tin trong tdng kim ngach xuat khau cua Viet Nam tang tir 6,3% (nam 2006) len 32,4% (nam 2018), vugt xa cac nudc trong khu vuc chau A nhu An Dp, Nhat Ban, Han Quoc, Thai Lan, Indonesia, Malaysia. Nang luc hSp thu cong nghe thong tin ciia Viet Nam cd su biit pha an tupng (tang 54 bac) tii thii hang 95 (nam 2018) len 41/141 (nam 2019). Tuy nhien, nganh cong nghiep phan mem va npi dung sd chi dong gop 5 - 6% tdng doanh thu cua khu vuc cong nghe thdng tin - truyen thdng, klia thap so vdi muc tieu 20 - 30%.
Khu vuc sd hda - cdc nen tang true tuyen vd ndi dungsd , . Viet Nam la mot trong nhung quoc gia dau tien tren tha gidi thu nghiem m ^ n | 3G, cong nghe hang dku the gidi, du kien se trign khai tu nam 2021; t y l e s u dung dich vu internet t6c do cao dat tren 70% dan so, vuot xa mdt s6 nudc chau A va cac nuoc thu nhap trung binh thap (nam 2019). So luong thue bao dien thoai di dpng dat 143,3 tneu trong nam 2018, gap 1,5 lan dan so, la nhn tang quan trpng de phat trien nen tang sd va ndi dung so.
Nhn tang s6 va dich vu hd trp nen tang nhu kinh th chia se dang phat trien tren nhiSu linh vuc kinh ta nhu giao thdng van tai, du lich, thanh toan, tieu diing, tai chinh... Trong ITnh vuc tai chinh, theo danh gia cua Emst& Young Singapore, Viet Nam dung dau khu vuc ASEAN ve ddi mdi sang tao trong ITnh vuc fmtech. He sinh thai khoi nghiep cho cac doanh nghiep fintech Viet Nam ngay cang phat trien. Ben canh cac dich vu thanh toan nhu vi dien tu, chuyen tien ngang hang, thanh toan di ddng - chiem ty trpng Idn trong cac startup fintech, cac mang mdi nhu quan ly tai chinh, cho vay ngang hang, huy dpng vdn cong ddng, chudi khoi, quan ly va phan tich dii lieu, an ninh bao mat, kieu hdi, cong nghe bao hiem, cong nghe quan ly tai san va cong nghe quan ly ciing dang thu hiit su quan tam cua cac startup va cac nha dau tu trong ITnh vuc ngan hang - tai chinh Viet Nam. Tinh dhn thang 11/2019, sd lupng cac doanh nghiep fintech da tang gap 3,75 lan nam 2016(154 doanh nghiep) boat dpng chu yeu trong ITnh vuc thanh toan. Theo Cong ty tu van Solidiance, thi tru'dng fmtech cua Viet Nam can mdc 4,4 ty USD trong nam 2017 va du kign dat 8 ty USD vao nam 2020. Theo khao sat cua PwC 2017, 72% cong ty fintech Viet Nam dang tich cue hpp tac vdi ngan hang dh tao ra cac md hinh kinh doanh va san phdm
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Kinh le tai chinh Viet Nam / So 1 - Thang 2/2020mdi, dap ling nhu cau trai nghiem trong moi trudng so cua thi he Y, thS he 7?. Tuy nhien, su phat trien manh me cua fintech hay bigtech dang dat ra thach thiic khdng nho vdi ngan hang truyen thdng Viet Nam.
Npi dung sd bao gdm truyen thdng xa hpi, quang cao true tuyen, dich vu OTT (cac ling dung va cac ndi dung nhu am thanh, video dupc cung cap fren nen tang hitemet), frd choi dien tu. Nhd su phat triin ciia mang xa hpi, doanh thu quang cao tnrc tuyln ciia Viet Nam nam 2018 dat 663 trieu USD, diing thii 35 the gidi, udc tinh se dat 1,2 ty USD frong nam 2020, gap 3 ISn nam 2016. Cling vdi quang cao true tuySn, trd choi true hiyen ciing phat trien manh me, Viet Nam diing thii 25/100 qudc gia cd tdng doanh thu h"6 choi dien tu Idn nhit thS gidi;
doanh thu hi cac ling dung trd choi chiim khoang 60% doanh thu cua ung dung dien thoai thong minh (Csiro 2018). Cac dich vu OTT nhu Zalo, Skype, Viber, Facebook - Messenger, Whatsapp, Line dupc ua chuong va dan thay the cac dich vu gpi dien va tin nhan SMS truyen thdng.
Khu vifc kinh te sd
Su phat trien cua cac nganh kinh doanh truyen thdng cd sii dung edng nghe so (thuong mai, san xuat, du lich, truyen thong, thanh toan, chinh phu dien tu).
Nghien ciiu nay se tap trung danh gia 3 linh vuc la thuong mai dien tii, thanh toan dien tu, chmh phu dien tii.
Viet Nam la qudc gia cd tdc dp tang tnrdng diuong mai dien tii cao trong khu vuc, miic dp ket ndi cao giiia doanh nghiep thuong mai trong nudc va qudc te. Theo Google va Temasek, tang trudng thuong mai dien hi B2C cua Viet Nam binh quan giai doan 2015 - 2019 dat 87%, chi thap
hon Indonesia, cao gkp 3,2 lan tdc dp tang trudng CAGR cua Malaysia, gap gan 4 lin Smgapore. Neu t6c dp tang hirdng thuong mai dien tu tigp tuc duy tri muc tang trudng cao 25 - 30% giai doan 2019 - 2025, udc tinh quy mo thi trudng thuong mai dien tu Viet Nam se dat 15 ty USD vao nam 2025. Thong qua cac nhn tkng thuong mai dien tu, doanh nghiep Viet Nam k6t ndi cao vdi thi ttudng qudc th, gkn 50% s6 doanh nghiep Viet Nam cd hrang web rieng va 32% sd doanh nghiep Viet Nam duy tri mdi quan he vdi cac ddi tac nudc ngoai thdng qua cac kenh true tuyln. Tuy nhien chi cd 11 13% doanh nghiep cd kinh doanh qua san va viec sii dung cac phan mem quan ly chuyen sau nhu quan ly khach hang, quan ly chudi cung ling va quan tri ngudn luc doanh nghiep con thap.
Hoat ddng thanh toan khdng dung tien mat ngay cang chuyen bien tich cue.
Nhd ling dung cac giai phap, cong nghe tien tien nhu xac thuc sinh trac hpc, QR Code, tiep xiic trudng gan NFC, thanh toan qua ma hda thdng tin the; thanh toan phi ti8p xuc, vi dien tu, AR (tuong tac thuc te)... thanh toan khdng diing tien mat gdp phan giam chi phi, tang tdc dp va su tien loi, gia tang trai nghiem cua khach hang. Tinh d6n thang 6/2019, cd tdi 78 t6 chiic tin dung (TCTD) cung cdp djch vu intemetbanking; 41 TCTD trien khai dich vu mobilebanking; 24 ngan hang da trien khai dich vu thanh toan qua QR code vdi hon 50.000 dihm chkp nhan thanh toan;
27/30 td chuc phi ngan hang cung cdp dich vu vi dien tu vdi hon 4,2 trieu tai khoan vi dien hi lien ket vdi tai khoan ngan hang; 50 ngan hang hd trp thu thud dien hi tren ca nudc; 27 ngan hang va 10 td chiic ho trp
3 La nhUng ngudi sinh ra sau nam 1995 den giiJa nhQng nam 2000, the he dupc sinh ra trong ky nguyen so; tCfng bUdc tham gia vao lUc lUOng lao dong va tieu dung; dupc danh gia la the he mua sam gi^ tri {Theo E &Y}.
Kinh te tai chinh Viet Nam / So 1 - Thing 2/2020
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Dua tren khai niem va do ludng quy md, pham vi kinh te sd, trong bai nghien ciiu nay, thuc trang kinh te so Viet Nam duoc nghien cuu va phan tich dua tren 3 khu vuc: (1) Khu vuc loi cua nen kinh te so (nghia hep): Su phat trien cua nganh cong nghe thdng tin - truyen thdng; (2) Khu vuc sd hda: Su phat trien ciia cac nen tang true tuyen, cac dich vu hd trp nen tang nhu kinh te chia se, fintech, gpi vdn edng ddng... (3) Khu vuc kinh te sd theo nghTa rpng nhat: Su phat trien cua thuong mai, san xudt, du lich, truy8n thdng, thanh toan cd su dung cac san pham dich vu internet; chinh phu dien tu.
Khu vuc loi
La mpt h-ong nhung nganh tang trudng nhanh nhkt tai Viet Nam, su phat trien manh me cua cong nghe thong tin va truydn thdng la nSn tang quan trpng cho su biing no cua kinh th sd. Theo Bd Thdng tin va Truygn thong, edng nghe thong tin va truyln thdng dat tong doanh thu gan 100 ty USD trong nam 2018, gap 13 idn nam 2010, Xu hudng phat trihn ciia ITnh vuc edng nghe thdng tin - duyen thdng dupc dan dat bdi nganh cong nghiep phan ciing vdi ty trpng gan 90% tong doanh thu; cong nghiep vien thdng ddng vai trd ha tang quan trpng cho nen kinh te sd chiem 15,2%) tdng doanh thu, tdc dp tang trudng trung binh 6%/nam. Ty trpng xuat khau cong nghe thdng tin trong tdng kim ngach xuat khau cua Viet Nam tang tii 6,3%. (nam 2006) len 32,4% (nam 2018), vuot xa cac nudc trong khu vuc chau A nhu An Dp, Nhat Ban, Han Qudc, Thai Lan, Indonesia, Malaysia. Nang luc hap thu cong nghe thdng tin cua Viet Nam co su but pha an tupng (tang 54 bac) tir thii hang 95 (nam 2018) len 41/141 (nam 2019). Tuy nhien, nganh edng nghiep phan mem va ndi dung so chi ddng gdp 5 - 6% tdng doanh thu ciia khu vuc cong nghe thong tin - truyen thdng, Idia thap so vdi muc tieu 20 - 30%.
Khu vuc sd hda - cdc nen tang true tuyin vd ndi dung sd ,
Viet Nam la mdt trong nhimg quoc gia ddu tien tren thh gidi thu nghiem m?n| 50, cong nghe hang ddu the gidi, du kien se trik khai tir nam 2021; ty le su dyng dich vu internet tdc do cao dat tren 70% dan so, vuot xa mot s6 nudc chau A va cac nuoc thu nhap trung binh thap (nam 2019). So luong thue bao dien thoai di dpng dat 143,3 trieu trong nam 2018, gap 1,5 lan dan sd, la nhn tang quan trpiig de phat trien nen tang sd va ndi dung so.
Nen tang s6 va dich vu hd ttp nhn tang nhu kinh th chia se dang phat trien tren nhieu ITnh vuc kinh te nhu giao thdng van tai, du lich, thanh toan, tieu dung, tai chinh... Trong ITnh vuc tai chinh, theo danh gia ciia Emst& Young Singapore, Viet Nam diing ddu khu vuc ASEAN vh ddi mdi sang tao trong ITnh vuc fintech. He sinh thai khoi nghiep cho cac doanh nghiep fintech Viet Nam ngay cang phat trien. Ben canh cac dich vu thanh toan nhu vi dien tu, chuyen tihn ngang hang, thanh toan di dpng - chiem ty trpng Idn trong cac startup fintech, cac mang mdi nhu quan ly tai chinh, cho vay ngang hang, huy ddng von cong ddng, chudi khoi, quan ly va phan tich dii Heu, an ninh bao mat, kieu hdi, cong nghe bao hiem, cong nghe quan ly tai san va cong nghe quan ly ciing dang thu hiit su quan tam cua cac startup va cac nha dau tu trong ITnh vuc ngan hang - tai chinh Viet Nam. Tinh dhn thang 11/2019, sd lupng cac doanh nghiep fintech da tang gap 3,75 lan nam 2016 (154 doanh nghiep) boat dpng chu yeu trong ITnh vuc thanh toan. Theo Cong ty tu van Solidiance, thi trudng fintech cua Viet Nam can mdc 4,4 ty USD trong nam 2017 va du kien dat 8 ty USD vao nam 2020. Theo khao sat ciia PwC 2017, 72% edng ty fintech Viet Nam dang tich cue hpp tac vdi ngan hang de tao ra cac md hinh kinh doanh va san phim
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Kinh te tai ciiinh Viet Nam / So 1 - Thang 2/2020mdi, dap ling nhu cau trai nghiem trong moi trudng sd cua the he Y, the he D. Tuy nhien, su phat trien manh me cua fmtech hay bigtech dang dat ra thach thiic khdng nho vdi ngan hang truyen thdng Viet Nam.
Npi dung sd bao gom truyen thdng xa hpi, quang cao true tuyen, dich vu OTT (cac ling dung va cac npi dung nhu am thanh, video dupc cung cap tren nen tang Internet), trd choi dien tii. Nhd su phat trien cua mang xa hpi, doanh thu quang cao true tuyen ciia Viet Nam nam 2018 dat 663 trieu USD, diing thii 35 the gidi, udc tinh se dat 1,2 ty USD ttong nam 2020, gdp 3 idn nam 2016. Cung vdi quang cao true tuyen, trd choi true tuyen ciing phat trien manh me, VietNam diing thii 25/100 qudc gia cd tdng doanh thu h:d choi dien tii Idn nhat the gidi;
doanh thu tii cac ling dung trd choi chiem khoang 60% doanh thu cua ling dung dien thoai thdng minh (Csiro 2018). Cac dich vu OTT nhu Zalo, Skype, Viber, Facebook - Messenger, Whatsapp, Line dupc ua chu6ng va ddn thay the cac dich vu gpi dien va tin nhan SMS truyen thong.
Khu vuc kinh te sd
Su phat trien cua cac nganh kinh doanh truyen thdng cd sii dung cong nghe so (thuong mai, san xuat, du lich, truyen thong, thanh toan, chinh phii dien tii).
Nghien ciiu nay se tap trung danh gia 3 ITnh vuc la thuong mai dien tii, thanh toan dien tii, chinh phu dien tii.
Viet Nam la qudc gia cd tdc dp tang trudng thuong mai dien tu cao trong khu vuc, miic dp kit ndi cao giiia doanh nghiep thuong mai trong nudc va qudc te. Theo Google va Temasek, tang trudng thuong mai dien tu B2C cua Viet Nam binh quan giai doan 2015 - 2019 dat 87%, chi thdp
hon Indonesia, cao gdp 3,2 idn t6c dp tang h-udng CAGR ciia Malaysia, gdp gdn 4 idn Singapore. Neu tdc dp tang trudng thuong mai dien tii tiip tuc duy tri muc tang trudng cao 25 - 30% giai doan 2019 - 2025, udc tinh quy md thi trudng thuong mai dien hi Viet Nam se dat 15 ty USD vao nam 2025. Thdng qua cac nhn tang thuong mai dien tu, doanh nghiep Viet Nam ket ndi cao vdi thi trudng qudc te, gdn 50% sd doanh nghiep Viet Nam co trang web rieng va 32% sd doanh nghiep Viet Nam duy hi mdi quan he vdi cac ddi tac nudc ngoai thdng qua cac kenh true tuyen. Tuy nhien chi cd 11 - 13% doanh nghiep co kinh doanh qua san va viec sii dung cac phan mem quan ly chuyen sau nhu quan ly khach hang, quan ly chuoi cung ling va quan tri ngudn luc doanh nghiep cdn thap.
Hoat ddng thanh toan khdng dung tien mat ngay cang chuyen bien tich cue.
Nhd ling dung cac giai phap, cong nghe tien tien nhu xac thuc sinh trac hpc, QR Code, tihp xuc trudng gan NFC, thanh toan qua ma hda thdng tin the; thanh toan phi tiip xiic, vi dien tu, AR (tuong tac thuc th)... thanh toan khdng diing tien mat gop phdn giam chi phi, tang tdc dp va su tien Ipi, gia tang trai nghiem cua khach hang. Tinh den thang 6/2019, cd tdi 78 t6 chiic tin dung (TCTD) cung cdp djch vu intemetbanking; 41 TCTD trien khai dich vu mobilebanking; 24 ngan hang da trien khai dich vu thanh toan qua QR code vdi hon 50.000 diim chdp nhan thanh toan;
27/30 t6 chiic phi ngan hang cung cdp dich vu vi dien tu vdi hon 4,2 trieu tai khoan vi dien hi lien kit vdi tai khoan ngan hang; 50 ngan hang ho trp thu thui dien tu tren ca nudc; 27 ngan hang va 10 td chiic hd trp
La nhdng ngUdi sinh ra sau nam 1995 den giCra nhQng nam 2000, the he dupc sinh ra trong k^
nguyen so; tdng budc tham gia vao lUc lupng lao dpng va tieu dung; dudc danh gia la the he mua s5m gi^ tri (Theo E &Y).
Kinh te tai chinh Viet Nam / So 1 - Thang 2/2020
53
thu chi hd. Theo PwC, ty le ngudi tieu diing sii dung thanh toan di ddng da tang gdp 1,5 lan, hi 37% ttong nam 2018 len 6 1 % h-ong nam 2019, cao nhdt khu vuc ASEAN va thupc nhdm tang trudng nhanh nhdt thi gidi. Theo du bao ciia Ngan hang Nha nudc (NHNN), nam 2020 cd 95% ngan hang cung cap dich vu intemetbanking, mobilebanking; sd ngudi diing vi dien tii khoang 10 trieu ngudi, gia tri giao dich binh quan 1,7 trieu dong/vi/thang. Tuy nhien, boat dpng thanh toan khdng dirng tien mat cdn gap nhieu thach thiic khi thanh toan bang tien mat cdn phd bien, dac biet d khu vuc ndng thon, vung sau, vung xa.
Viet Nam da co nhiing budc tien quan trpng trong phat trien chinh phii dien tii, nang cao hieu qua bp may hanh chinh nha nudc, dac biet trong cac ITnh vuc tai chinh, hai quan va thue. Theo danh gia ciia Lien hpp qudc, giai doan 2014 - 2018, VietNam da tang 10 bac, xep hang 88/193 qudc gia va hang 6/11 trong khu vuc ASEAN ve Chi sd chinh phii dien tii. Theo Bp Cong
Thuong nam 2018, ty le tioanh nghiep su dung dich vu cong trac tuyen (te dang Ky kinh doanh, khai bao hai quan, cap phep^..
da tang rir 57% trong nam 2014 len gan 80% trong nam 2018, dac biet trong linh vuc thus dat gin 99%; he thong thanh toan dien tit lien ngan hang da duac ket noi voi 63 kho bac nha nuoc (KBNN), dap ling nhu c k thu - chi NSNN. Viet Nam cung dat muc tieu tro thanh Top 4 ASEAN ve xSp hang EGDI trade nam 2025 (Nghi quyets6l7/NQ-CP).
Theo du bao ciia PwC, kinh t i V i| t Nam se la nen kinh t l phat Uien nhanh nhfe the gioi dSn nam 2050 va lot top 10 nen kinh te diing din chau A". Theo dii bao cua Google va Temasek, quy mo kinh te so Viet Nam se dat 43 ty vao nam 2025, diing thii ba khu vuc Dong Nam A, sau Indonesia (133 ty USD) va Thai Lan (50 ty USD).
Theo du bao cua To chiic Data 61 (Australia)^ GDP Viet Nam c6 the tang them khoang 63,4 ty USD vao nam 2030 va 168,6 ty USD vao nam 2045, tiic Bilu do 2. T^ If thanh toSn di d$ng
Vift Nam va m$t s6 nud'c chau A, 2017-2018
Biiu do 3. Mo hinh h^p tdc kinh doanh giira fintech v^ ng^n hang
taiViftNam
Nguon: I^Cva BIDV 2019 Nguon: World Bank
4 5
54
PwC & VCCI (2017), Tieu 6iim Viet Nam - Th/ tri/dng mdi noi bang dau.
Australia, Csiro & Data 61 (2018), Taang lai nin kinh teso Viet Nam hudng tdi nam 2030 va nam 2045
Kinh t^ tai chinh Viet Nam / So 1 - Thang 2/2020
B i n g 1. Mgt s6 chi tieu \h phat triin kinh t^ so Viet Nam ,.,.Mdt s6 chi ti§u ve kinh t i so
, ;:j Viff Nam Ty le nguoi dan sii dung internet (% dan so)
Thue bao dien thoai di dong (trieu don vi)
Ty le nguoi diing internet tham gia mua siim true tuyen (% dan so)
Doanh thu thuong mai dien hi B2C Viet Nam (ty USD) XuHt khau san pham cong nghe cao/Tong kim ngach xuat khau So lugng startup
Chi so nang luc canh tranh toan can (nam 2018, WEF dung phuong phap tinh moi theo CMCN 4.0)
Chi so doi moi sang tao toan cau (WIPO)
Chi so an ninh mang toan cau Chi so hieu qua hoat dpng logistics (LPl)
Chi so chinh phii dien tu (tren 193 quoc gia)
2015 51,5
100
32,4
4,07
28,5 1.800
56/140
52/141 76/196
2016 54,2
110
22,9
5 29,8 2.050
60/138
59/128
64/160 89/193
2017 58,1
120
35,2
6,2 29,5 3.000
55/137
47/127 101/193
2018 60 130
41,3
8,06 32,4
77/140
45/126
39/160 88/193
2019*
70,3
143,3
45
10,1 33,6
67/141
42/129 81/193
Nguon: WB, WEF, ITU, Cue Thuong mgi dien tir va Kinh ti jd Viet Nam^
C nam 2019 la s6 uac tlnh, Chi s6 LPI, EGDI, Chi s6 an ninh mang loan cdu cong bd 2 nam/ldn)
khoang 15 - 30% GDP nSu chuySn d6i so thanh cong. Theo Nghi quyit s6 52/NQ- TW, kinh t i s6 Viet Nam se chiem tren 30% GDP, nang suit lao dong tang binh quan 7,5%/nam giai doan 2030 - 2045, 100% so xa phii internet bang thong rong.
CMCN 4.0 va kinh t i s6 la n i n tang quan
trong d i Viet Nam thoat khoi bay thu nhap tnmg binh, thu hep khoang each voi cac nuac phat triin, thu nhap cao; tao su thinh vugng, bao tnim va tien bg xa hoi.
Tuy nhien van con nhieu thach thiic ma Viet Nam cJn thuc hien so hoa thanh cong, hien thuc hoa nhimg Igi ich cua kinh Kinh l4 tai chinh Viet Nam / So 1 - Thing 2/2020
55
te sd: (i) Nhan thiic, quyit tam chinh tri va niem tin ddi vdi su phat trien ciia kinh te sd can dupc ciing cd, tang cudng; (ii) He thong phap ly chua theo kip tdc dp sd hda nen kinh te; (iii) Han che ve ngudn nhan luc, dac biet la nhan luc trinh dp cao; (iv) Thach thiic trong phat trien he sinh thai khoi nghiep va doi mdi sang tao; ling dung cong nghe thdng tin va cong nghe cdn cham; (v) Han che ve co sd ha tang ky thuat sd dh thich uiig vdi su phat trien cixa CMCN 4.0; (vi) Thanh toan tiSn mat cdn phd hihn, thach thiic viec phat trien thanh toan dien tii; (vii) Van de an ninh mang va bao mat thdng tin ca nhan cdn bat cap trong dihu kien riii ro, toi pham cong nghe cao phiic tap va khd ludng tren toan cau.
3. Xu the va yeu cau doi mdi quan Ey tien te tai Viet Nam trong ky nguyen Idnh te so
Qua trinh sd hda, su phat trien cua cac mo hinh kinh doanh mdi, phuong thiic thanh toan mdi ddi hdi phai cd su ddi mdi vh phuong thiic, giai phap quan ly tien te ngan hang khac vdi phuong thuc truyen thdng. Dudi tac dpng cua nen kinh te sd va su phat trien edng nghe sd trong nganh ngan hang, cd 5 xu the, yeu cau chinh ve quan ly tien te Viet Nam trong thdi gian tdi.
3.1. Chuyen doiphirffng thuc quan ly tien te tif "truyen thong" sang "kien dai vd da dang"
Neu trudc day, viec quan ly gan vdi cac san pham, dich vu "thuan tuy - truyen thdng" trong ITnh vuc tai chinh - ngan hang thi su phat trien cua cac edng nghe hien dai, dot pha trong CMCN 4.0 nhu dien toan dam may, phan tich dii lieu Idn; tri tue nhan tao, cong nghe chudi khoi, internet van vat;
Ur ddng hda quy trmh bang robot, doi ho phuong thiic quan ly mdi, hien d?^i. t^oi Urong duoc quan ly cung da dang hon ve loai hinh va chu thi, neu trudc day doi tuong chinh la cac ngSn hang thuong mai (NHTM) TCTD theo md hinh ngan hang truyk thdng thi nay da md rdng gdm fintech va cac td chiic, cong ty khong phai ngan hang dupc phep cung ling dich vu ngan hang, tai chinh nhu: Cong ty ban le dien hi, cong ty edng nghe thdng tin - truy6n thdng, edng ty cung cap ha tang tai chinh, phuong tien hiiySn thdng xa hpi, cac startup...
Qua trinh sd hda cung mang lai co hpi khac biet hda san phkm ngan hang, theo do, san pham, djch vu ngan hang dupc thiet ke rieng cho ding khach hang thay vi viec ban mpt san phkm ngan hang cho nhieu khach hang nhu md hinh ngan hang truySn thdng.
Ddng thdi, ngan hang di dpng va muc dp cao hon "md hinh ban hang da kenh"^ se tao budc dot pha trong gia tang loi nhuan va tdi uu hda trai nghiem cua khach hang, dac biet thS he khach hang mdi. Dieu nay Cling dat ra yeu cau ddi mdi ve hoan thien hanh lang phap ly va cac cong nghe quan ly mdi tu phia NHNN va cac co quan quan ly lien quan.
3.2. Chuyin doi tie quan ly "nen kinh te tien m^t" sang quan ly "nen kinh tephi tien mat
Su xuat hien va phat trien cua cac loai tien mdi nhu tien dien hi, tien ky thuat so, tien ao... gan vdi su phat trien cua cong nghe la xu the tat yeu, tac dpng dhn he thdng thanh toan, lupng cung tien, phan giao traeh nhiem quan ly, giam sat va xu ly rui ro he thdng, nii ro lan truyen nhn su cd xay ra; su that bai cua tien ky thuat sd cd
6 San pliam, djcli vu dUdc dong bp tren cac i^enh ban hang, tiep thj da kenh va q u i n ly tap trung.
5 6 I Kinh te tai chinh Viet Nam / So 1 - Thang 2/2020
Bang 2. Kich ban phat triSn kinh te s6 Vift Nam va miic do flong gop vao GDP
Kich bin kinbte s6Vi?t Nam
Tmyen thong
Xuat khau so
Tieu dung so
Chuyen doi so
D6ng g6p v4o GDP i^n nam 2030 (Ty USD)
25,56
27,84
41,94
63,5 Ddng gdp v^o
GDP ain nSm 2045 USD)
60,9
66,9
102,8
168,60 D6ng gop
v^o tdc ao
tang truong GDP hing
nam (%)
0,38
0,45
0,63
1,1 c6ng vieccd nguy Cff chuyen d6ido cong ngfaf s6
(%)
18,4
19,1
28,9
38,1
Mo ta va gia dinh
D Miic dp chuyen doi so th5.p;
nang suat lao dpng tri tre D Quy mo nganh cong nghe thong tin - truyen thong nho, xuat khau chu yeu la hang hoa
n Nganh cong nghe thong tin - tmyen thong phat trien dira tren hoat dpng gia cong cho cac quoc gia khac
• Co nhieu co hpi hon trong 3 ITnh vuc: cong nghe thong tin - truyen thong, vi6n thong; khoa hpc - ky thuat, giao due - dao tao D Miic dp ling dung so trong cac ITtih vuc khac con han che
• Cong nghe s6 dupc ling dung rpng rai trong cac Irnh vuc, song ^ t6c dp cham hon kich ban "chuyen doi so"
D Nang suat lao dpng cai thien nhd ling dung cong nghe thong tin - truyen thong cua quoc gia khac D Cong nghe so phat trien manh va dupc ling dung rpng rai d miic dp cao trong cac ITnh vuc kinh te, xa hpi
D Cong nghe thong tin - truyen thong tang drrdng nhanh, nang suit lao dpng tang cao; tang trudng toan dien
Ngudn: Data 61, 2019 (GDP tinh theo gia USD thuc te nam 2005)
Kinh le tai chinh Viit Nam / So 1 - Thang 2/2020
57
Bang 3. Mpt so chi tigu v^ so hda trong ITnh virc tai chinh - ngan hang Viet Nam Chiti@u
Cac ngan hang Viet Nam dang dau tu vao viec sd hda (%)
Ngan hang sd la uu tien bang dau trong chien lupc kinh doanh (%)
Ty le dan sd Viet Nam cd tai khoan ngan hang
(%)
So luoTlg the ngan hang lim hanh
Gia tri xu ly qua he th6ng thanh toan dien tvr (ty USD)*
Ty le ngan hang cung cap dich vu fotemetbanking so vai tong so ngan hang Viet Nam
So tai khoan vi dien til
So diem chap nhan thanh toan QR code c6 Icet noi vai ngan hang
S6 doanh nghiep Fintech Viet Nam (thang 6/2018)
Nam 2018 94 42 45 97 trieu 2860 (gap 13 ISn GDP)
70% (du kiln dat 95%
trong nam 2020) 4.2 trieu (du kien dat 10 trieu trong nam 2020)
50.000 154 (gjp 3,75 lin
nam 2016) Ngudn: NHNN 2019
the suy giam niem tin cua ngudi tieu diing vao cac he thdng thanh toan dien tii bdi kha nang chuyen ddi ra tien mat va cac phuong tien thanh toan truyen thdng khd cd the thuc hien dupc ngay. Trien vpng va u u thi vupft trdi cua cac phuong thiic thanh toan phi tien mat ciing dat ra yeu c^u phat tnhn, nang cao hieu qua he thdng thanh toan dien tu, ddng thoi dieu chinh cac chinh sach quan ly tai chinh - tien te theo hudng minh bach, hien dai; gia tang miic dp phd cap tai chinh - muc tieu hang dau cua tai chinh toan dien Viet Nam; dam bao kiem soat cung tien va ling phd kip thdi vdi riii ro.
Theo danh gia cua VISA, tinh den nam 2019, hon 50% dan sd Viet Nam bi6t den
edng nghe thanh toan khong tiep xuc, trong do 30% da tung su dung va hon 2/3 san sang sir dung phuong thiic nay de thay the tien mat trong tuong lai.
3.3, Quan ly tien tegdn vcixu the doi mdi sang tq.o
Su phat trien cua he sinh thai khoi nghiep sang tao; cac md hinh kinh doanh mdi va thanh phd thdng minh dat ra yeu cau ve "ddi mdi va sang tao" ddi vdi tit ca cac linh vuc kinh tg, trong dd cd nganh ngan hang... Vi vay, cac quy dinh quan ly tien te, tai chinh dupc xay dung tren nhn tang sang tao, khoa hpc, thuc day su phat trien dot pha cua nganh Ngan hang va n6n kinh tk. Ngupc lai, neu cac quy dinh quan
58
Kinh te tai chinh Vijt Nam / So 1 - Thing 2/2020ly khong bit kip vdi tdc dp phat trien cua cong nghe thdng tin, n8n kinh th sd, ngan hang s6 se thiSu nhn tang phap ly dh phat triSn, tham chi se trd thanh rao can, kim ham cac y tudng mdi, phuong thiic boat dpng sang tao, anh hudng den nang luc canh tranh ciia cac doanh nghiep va nen kinhte.
3.4. Quan l^ tien te gan v&i yeu cau cao htm ve bdo mat thong tin vd an ninh mang, bdo ve quyen lai ngirdi tieu diing, duy tri dn dinh he thong tdi chinh
Sir phat trien cua cong nghe trong nganh Tai chinh, cac edng ddng tien sd, tiSn ky thuat sd cd anh hudng Idn tdi thu nhap, loi nhuan, tham chi su tdn tai cua cac TCTD. Dieu nay dat ra yeu cau edng tac quan ly phai vira dam bao canh tranh, khuySn khich ddi mdi sang tao, vira dam bao quyen loi cua khach hang va su dn dinh cua he thong t^i chinh qudc gia. Ben canh do, cac hoat dpng tpi pham cong nghe cao ciing ngay cang tinh vi va phiic tap, vdi quy mo Idn hon; nhu cau ve bao mSt thdng tin ca nhan va an ninh mang ngay cang cao.
Vi vay, cac quy dinh ve thanh tra, giam sat, xir phat vi pham hanh chinh; phong chdng toi pham cong nghe cao ciing can dupc cap nhat, nang cao, dap ling yeu cau phat trien, song van dam bao an toan, an ninh cua khach hang va dn dinh tai chinh tien te quoc gia.
3.5. Quan ly tien t^ trong dieu kien hgi nhap qudc ti
Su phat tnhn cua CMCN 4.0 va fmtech vdi nhip dp phat hi6n nhanh, he sinh thai md, lien Uic, da chieu, ket ndi xuyen bien gidi doi hdi viec quan ly tien te phai phii hop vdi thong le qudc t i , dap ling yeu ckn hpi nhap. Su hpp tac trong quan ly, chia se du lieu, thdng tin giiia N H N N va ngan hang tnmg uong (NHTW) cac nudc, co quan quan ly tiin te qudc ih se gdp p h i n quan trpng dap iing yeu c i u ve phong
chdng riia tiSn va dinh danh khach hang;
phong chdng tdi pham edng nghe cao.
Ddng thdi, khuon khd quan ly theo xu thg quan tri ngan hang hien dai se tao diiu kien cho nganh Ngan hang phat hien bat kip vdi xu the ddi mdi, tien bd cua edng nghe va qua trinh hpi nhap sau rpng.
4. Mpt so de xuat, kien nghj nham phattrien kinh teso, nang cao hieu qua hoat dpng va quan [y tien te trong ky nguyen so
4.L Phat trien kinh tiso Hoan thien he thdng chinh sach, phap ly, ndng cao nhan thuc vd tdng niem tin ve phat trien kinh te: (i) Xay dung Chien lupc qudc gia ve kinh te sd de thong nhat cac dinh hudng, muc tieu phat trien gan vdi xu the phat trien kinh te sd cua the gidi; (ii) Tang cudng hpp tac vdi cac td chiic qudc th (IMF, WB, UNCTAD, OECD...) trong viec xay dung chi so do ludng kinh te sd/chi sd ddi mdi sang tao va cac chuong trinh qudc gia ve phat trien kmh te so; nang cao nang luc thdng ke de tiep can va do ludng mpt each day du va toan dien nen kinh th sd (iii) Phat tri8n chuong trinh dao tao, tuyen truyin ve kinh te sd, kinh te nen tang, kinh th chia se den mpi doanh nghiep, ngudi dan; cap nhat kiln thiic ve kinh te sd Viet Nam va the gidi.
Ndng cdp ca sd ha tdng ky thuat sd toan dien vd ddng bo: (i) Phat hanh trai phieu va thanh lap Quy VGF (quy hd h-p tai chinh dam bao kha thi cua du an) de thuc day md hmh hpp tac edng - ta (PPP) trong hien dai hda ha tang ky thuat sd; (iii) Chu tt-png dam bao ha tSng cho phat trien dich vu 4G va triin khai thanh cong dich vu 5G tren toan qudc), tao kha nang tiep can binh ding dich vu giiia cac vung ndng thdn, vung sau, viing xa vdi thanh thj.
Phat trien he sinh thdi kh&i nghiep ben vimg: (i) Tang cudng thu hut dkn tu, nhan
Kinh te tai chinh Viet Nam / So 1 - Thang 2/2020
59
lire, dac biet la vdn mao hiem de hd trp cac starUip, cac cong ty spin-off; (ii) Phat huy vai trd cua Quy dau tu cho startup ciia Chinh phu, thanh lap cac quy dku tu khoi nghiep sang tao Viet Nam hd trp tai chinh cho startup; (iii) Tao diiu kien cho cac hinh thirc khdi nghiep, ddi mdi sang tao trong khu vuc phi chinh thiic^.
Phat trien ngudn nhdn luc sd hda: (i) Thu hut chuyen gia nudc ngoai hoac cong ddng ngudi Viet d nudc ngoai nham tang cudng dpi ngd nhan luc cd trinh dp, ky nang va co kha nang thuc hien chuyen giao cong nghe; (ii) Thanh lap Hiep hpi hd trp ket ndi giiia cac don vi dao tao cac doanh nghiep, tap trung giao due ky nang mem, tao kha nang thich ling linh hoat vdi su thay ddi nhanh cua nen kinh te sd; (iii) Xay dung khdng gian thu nghiem chinh sach cho giao due dai hpc va dao tao nghe, trong do sinh vien dupc tiep can, trai nghiem vdi cac nen tang, van de ve kinh te sd.
4.2. Hoat dong vd quan ly tien te ngan hang
Ngan hang Nhd. nuac rd soat, hoan thien the che nganh Ngdn hang, tao mdi truorng thuan lai cho su phat trien cua edng nghe thdng tin: (i) Hoan thien trinh Chinh phu "Chien lupc tdng the v l he thdng thanh toan quoc gia"; xay dung nghi dinh thay the nghi dinh ve thanh toan khdng dung tien mat vdi nhung quy dinh dot pha; (ii) Thuc hien cd hieu qua Chiin lupc qudc gia ve tai chinh toan dien thuc day kha nang tiep can dich vu tai chinh cua mpi thanh phan trong nen kinh t l ; (iii) Nghien ciiu, hpc tap kinh nghiem cua cac qudc gia tren the gidi va khu vuc trong xay
dung, ban hanh khung phdp ly phat tnen cac edng nghe mdi trong nganh Ngan hang.
Hoan thien vd dp dung ca che khuyen khich suphdt triin cua fmtech, thuc day si^
hap tdc giua fmtech vd ngdn hang: (i) Som trmh Thu tudng Chinh phu ban hanh "De an xay dung co chi quan ly thu nghiem (co thi hoc tap md hinh cua Singapore), nham tao diiu kien thuan Ipi cho hoat dpng cua cac edng ty fintech, kinh te chia se; cac cong nghe dot pha nhu edng nghe chu6i khdi va cho vay ngang hang, hay startup cong nghe; (ii) Phat triin chuong trinh
"Fintech Challenge Vietnam" va hoat ddng cua fmtech, Quy tang tdc khdi nghiep VIISA nham uom tao cac y tudng va mo hinh kinh doanh sang tao cho cac startup h-ong ITnh vuc fintech, ket ndi cac startup vdi ngan hang, tir do tang cudng hpp tac giua ngan hang va fintech.
Ddi mai nguyen tdc vd phuong thuc quan ly tien te trong nen kinh te phi tien mat vd suphdt trien ciia cdc phuong thirc thanh toan hien dai: (i) Ddi mdi nguyen tac quan ly theo hudng tap trung vao cac hoat dpng lien quan den cung irng dich vu tai chinh, khdng chii trpng vao td chiic hay edng nghe; chuyen tir quan ly dua tren nguyen tac chung sang quan ly dua tren ca sd danh gia nii ro theo thdng le qudc te; (ii) Thanh lap co quan chuyen traeh quan ly giao dich tien ky thuat sd qua cac "san tap trung", quan ly hoat ddng md ban tien ky thuat sd (ICO) thdng qua cac quy dinh ve dinh danh khach hang, chdng riia tien va tai trp khung bd; (iii) Hpc tap kinh nghiem qudc te v l quan ly tien ky thuat sd va cac giao dich lien quan (Nhat Ban, Australia, Canada, Thuy Sy).
7 Cac cong ty khdi nghiep do nha khoa hpc dong s6 hOu vdi cd quan nghien CLTU chinh 8 Theo Udc tinh cua WB, nen kinh te tien mat phi chinh thdc chiem khoeing 25 - 30% GDP Viet Nam
6 0 Kinh te tai chinh Viet Nam / So 1 - Thang 2/2020
Ndng cao hieu qua bdo mat thdng tin cd nhdn vd an ninh mang trong hoat dpng vd quan ly tiin te: (i) NHNN phdi hpp vdi NHTW cac nudc va cac td chiic qudc te xly dimg cac cam ket chung, khung phap ly vl chia se cac thdng tin lien quan den an ninh mang va bao mat thong tin lien quan din hoat ddng ngan hang sd, kinh te sd; (ii) Quy dinh an toan trong hoat dpng cua cac tl chirc, ca nhan tnmg gian tham gia cung cdp dich vu lien quan den tien ky thuat sd nhu quy dinh phan tach tai san khach hang voi tai san cua cong ty; md tai khoan rieng tai cac TCTD; bao cao cac giao dich dang ngd; luu trii du lieu tai may chu trong nudc; kiem toan sd du tien phap dinh va tiin ao thudng xuyen... (tuong tu quan ly hoat dpng dau tu chumg khoan/trai phieu
hay cac san pham tai chinh khac); (iii) NHNN tang cudng phdi hpp vdi cac td chiic, CO quan quan ly qu6c tl va cac bd, nganh trong nudc hrong viec giam sat cac hoat ddng ngan hang xuyen bien gidi, tdi pham edng nghe cao xuyen qu6c gia nhkm dam bao cam ket hpi nhap vira dam bao an toan, an ninh mang va an toan tai chinh qudc gia.
Phd cap kien thuc tdi chinh, ndng cao nhdn thuc cua nguoi ddn khi su dung cdc dich vu ngdn hang so: NHNN chi dao, hd trp, khuyin khich cac NHTM, TCTD hudng ddn, cap nhat thdng tin cho khach hang ve loi ich va rui ro cua cac dich vu ngan hang hien dai, nang cao hiiu bilt va niem tin ddi vdi su phat triin cua ngan
hang sd, kinh te sd ©
Tai lieu ttiam Icliao
Tieng Viet
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Kinh te tai chfnh Viet Nam / S o l - Thang 2/2020
61
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Tieng Anli
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2 1 . Statista (2019), D/g/to/Economy Composs20!9.
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