fHI/CTllN-KINHNGHiiWI
DOI MOI THE CHE KINH TE HO TRO DOANH NGHIEP
TRONG CONG DONG KINH TE ASEAN
PGS, TS BOI VAN HUY£N •
Cgng dong kinh te ASEAN (AEC) dugc hinh tbanh vdi viec bang rao thue quan bi gd bd gan nhu hoan toin da tao ra sue ep canh tranh ldn doi vdi cic doanh nghiep (DN) Viet Nam. Di ton tai. phit triin vi hgi nhap, ben canh nhung ddi mdi, nsng cao nang luc canh tranh ctia DN. the che kinh te can dugc doi mdi nham ho trg DN hgi nhap tbinh cong.
TCr khda: AEC, tbi che kinh te, doanh nghiep, canh tranh, bgi nhap
I.C&ngtfJngkinht^ASEAN Wkticddngtdi dau tu ASEAN dupc ky kit nam 1998, sau dd doanh nghidp Vift Nam dugc thay thi bdi Hifp dinh diu tu toin difn
Y tudng hinh tiiinh AEC dugc khdi ngudn td ASEAN k^ kit nam 2012.
nam 1992 khi lln diu tien vln de hpi nhip kinh Tai Hdi nghi thuong dinh ASEAN lan thd 9 te ASEAN duge dua ra ti^ng Hiep dinh khung (2003), cic nhi lanh dao ASEAN lln diu tifn vf thuc day hgp tic^kinh t l ASEAN ky tgi Singa- tuyen bd muc tieu hinh thanh mpt Cdng ddng pore, nhin mgnh tam quan trpng cua viec hgp kinh te ASEAN (AEC). Nam 2006, tai cufc hgp tic giua cic quoc gia ASEAN ttxmg cic linh vye cac Bd tmdng Kinh t l ASEAN lln thd 38 kl thuong mgi, cfing nghifp, nang lugng vi khoing hoach tdng thi xay dung AEC da duoc phic thio s i a til ehfnh vi ngin hing, tiiue pham, ndng vdi cac muc tifu vi 1$ trinh cy till Tgi Hpi nghi nghipp vi lim nghiep, giao tiifing vi tiuyin thugng dinh ASEAN lln thir 12 (1/2007) cic tiifing. Nhung nam sau dd, cic hifp djnh hpp tac nhi lanh dao ASEAN da thdng nhit diy nhanh tren cic lmh vye thue quan, djch vy, diu tu... viec hinh thinh AEC vio nam 2015 tiiay vi vio lan lugt dugc ky ket. Cu the, Hiep dinh vl nam 2020. Ngiy 22/11/2015, tai Hpi nghi K V ^ "^ 1 ^ * " ^ "^^ '^ *'*^" ^"f^ * " 9 n g dinh ASEAN lln thd 27, cic nhi lanh , t " " f K S ! ^ . ^ . ^ ' " ^ ^^®^' ' ^ " '*° "^^^^ <*^° ASEAN da k^ kit Tbyfn bd Kuala Lumpur tiiay tiie bdi Hipp dmh ve tiiuong mai hing hoa vl viec thinh lap AEC
A Q ^ "f",2010; Hifp djnh khung vl dich vu AEC dugc hinh thinh vdi 4 muc tifu chinh li:
ASEAN ky ket nam 1995; Hiep dinh khung vl Hiiih tiianh mdt thi tivdng don nhit vi casd sin
"~ ~ ~ ~ xuat chung, thdng qua tu do luu chuyin hing Hpc vi4n Chinh tri quSc gia H6 Chl Minh hoa, dich vu, diu tU, vda lao d^ng c6 tay nghl;
18 I TAPCHfKINHTgvAQUANLy|5(520(12-2016)
1
tiien kinh t l can bing tiidng qua phat trien DN nho vi vira (SME) va tiiu hep khoang each phat trien trong ASEAN; hgi nhap vio nln kinh te toan d u . Khi cac muc tieu dugc hoan tat, AEC se mang lai nhung ca hpi ldn cho nen kinh te va cac DN cQa cac nudc trong khoi trong do cd Viet Nam.
Cac eg hdi cd till tiily dupc tu AEC la mgt khu vye thi tiudng ehung rdng ldn, gan 100% hang hda dugc ty do luu chuyen trong ndi khoi. Vdi hang rao tiiul quan dupc gd bd gan nhu hoan toto, AEC tao dieu kien cho hang hda Viet Nam xult Uiau vio cic thj uudng a-ong khdi vdi chi phi tiiap hon do do gii ca se canh tranh hon. Co hdi tiep can thj trudng cic nudc tmng khu vuc
^cung se gia tang manh do thi trudng ASEAJJ tuong ddi "dl tinh" so vdi cac thi oudng khac.
Ben canh do, AEC eung tao ra sdc ep buoc cac DN Viet Nam phai tiiay ddi d l nang cao nang luc cgnh ti-anh tren tiij uudng chung. Sdc ep ldn nhit li ning nang lyc cgnh ti-anh cua cic DN Viet Nam vdi DN cua cic qudc gia thinh vifn AEC do ca d u san pham hang hda xult khau d cic nudc trong ASEAN li khi tuong ddng. Sue dp niy can dugc xem xet tu gdc nhin vi md (ning lyc canh u-anh cua DN) vi vi md (the chl kir^ tl, chinh sich kinh t l tic dpng din sin xult kinh doanh cua DN).
2. The cMUnh te dka Viet Nam
Ddi mdi the che liinh t l de thuc day tang trudng va phat trien kinh te d Viet Nam, tung budc phu hgp vdi cac cam kit qudc t l mi Viet Nam di ky kit trong dd cd cac cam kit tixmg ASEAN di vi dang dugc tiiyc hien Uen tuc tixing hon 30 nam qua. Trong cic ndi dung ddi mdi the chl kinh tl, ddi mdi trong linh vye thue quan vi cic quy djnh lien quan din xuit, nhap Ichau hang hda qua bien gidi cd till dugc coi li diem sing vi thinh cfing nhat.
Dilm nhumg net chinh vl tiie che kinh t l Viet Nam, bai viet su dung mpt sd nghien cuu vi dinh gia cua Ngan hang ThI gidi (WB) vl mdc dp tiiuin lgi uxing kinh doanh cua cic qudc gia
ehi de danh gia muc dp thuan lgi kinh doanh (bao gdm tieu chi danh gia quy dinh ve khdi sy idnh doanh, d p phep xay dyng, dang ky tai s i a tiep can dien nang, tiep can tin dung, quy dinh ve bao ve nha dau tii, quy dinh ve thul, quy d^ih ve boat dpng thuong mai qudc te, quy djnh ve thyc tiii hgp ddng va cac quy dinh ve phi saa giai the DN).
Hinh 1 cho thay chi sd thuan lgi trong kinh doanh ciia Viet Nam tii nam 2011 den 2016 cd nhCmg thay ddi nhat (finh. Xip hang cua Viet Nam ttag 16 bac ke hi nam 2011 den nay Dieu tiay the hien nhflng ddi mdi tixmg till chl kinh te cua Viet Nam theo hudng tao dieu kien tdt hon cho hoat dpng kinh doanh.
Cac chi sd thinh phan the hien muc dp thuan lgi trong kinh doanh d Vift Nam duoc tiii hien d hinh 2.
Hinh 2 trong giai doan 2011 den 2016, cho tiiay cac quy djnh vl bao vf nhi dau tu, quy dinh ve dien nang, quy dinh ve d p phfp xay dung, tiiu tiJc pha sin di hd trg va tao dieu kien thugn lgi hon cho boat ddng cua DN. Quy djnh ve bio vf nhi dau tu tang tu hang 166 nam 2011 len 87 vao nam 2016, tiep cin difn ning xep h^g^l35 tang len 96 vio nam 2016, quy djnh ve d p phep xa/ dyng dugc tang tu hang 67 nam 2011 len 24 vao nam 2016. Chi sd tiep egn tfn dung cua Vift Nam dugc danh gii kha tot so vdi cac chi sd cdn lai ttxjng ci giai doan 2011-2016.
Nam 2016, uxmg bio cio Mdi trudng kinh doanh (Doing Business) 2017, tdng the Viet Nam xep hgng 82 trfn 190 nudc vl mdc dp tiiuan lgi uxing kinh doanh vdi dilm sd binh quan dgt duac cua 10 tieu chf la 63,83 diem.
Xep hgng cic tieu chf cy tiie cua Viet Nam vi cic quoc gia trong AEC (Mnh 2).
Nhu vay, chi sd xep hang tdng thi ve muc dp thuin Igi trong kinh doanh ciia Viet Nam d vi tri thu 5 UBn 10 nudc tixing ASEAN. Cic chi sd tiiinh phin the hifn muc dg thuan lgi trong iMih doanh ma Viet Nam dat tiid hang cao uxing so cac nudc dugc xep hang la d p phfp xayr dyng
5(520(12-2016) iTAPCHlKINHTfvAQUANLt I 19
THI/CTIIN-KINH NGHllM
« « 1 ! cu l < M l M W l teoh <^ *^< Xw S'*''•^ Ml MOU
120 100 80 60 40 20 0
Mm20U N3m2012 Mm 2013 NJm 2014 N9m201S Njm2016
Kftil ncfllitgl»ftaD0BgBiimm2CI!. 201S. 2015,2014,1013.2011 oil Wl
(xIp hgng 24/190) vi trong /VEC, thu hgng niy chl dirng sgu Singapore, Malaysia; tiep can tin dyng (xep hgng 32/190), dijmg sgu Singapore, Malaysia vi Clampuchia; dang ky tii sin dOmg d vi tri 59/190 nudc vi trong khu vye, xep hgng niy chi sgu Singgpore. Tliy vgy, d cic linh vye niy, \A tri cua Vift Nam d khoing cich khi xa so vdi cic nudc d vj tri dan dau nhu Singapore, Malaysia.
Mac du cd nhilu cii thifn d chl sd tdng thi vi chi sd thanh phin, tuy vay, the che kinh t l hien tgi cua Vift Nam chua thyc sy lim hii long cpng ddng DN.
Mpt yi, the che kinh te chua tao ra dugc mdi trudng thugn lgi cho hogt dpng cua DN do he thong phip luit chua day du, ddng bp, cac quy dinh trong hf thdng phip luat bpc id bit cap.
Hifn nay, trong hf thdng phap luat.Viet Nam quy djnh 267 linh vye kinh doanh cd dieu kifn vi quy dinh ve cic vln de lien quan den dieu kifn kinh doanh trong 50 Nghi dinh ciia Chinh phu, edn tdn tai trfn 7000 giay phep con tren cic Enh vye quan ly. Cac quy dinh cua Nhi nudc khong tao dieu kifn tdi uu cho DN tham gia thi trudng mi con lim DN phai ganh nhieu chi phf idifing chinh thuc, do thu tuc hanh chfnh rudm ri. thdng tin khong minh bach, do dao ddc cdng vg ylu kem cua mdt bd phan cong chdc thyc thi
cong vu.
Theo danh gii cua WB, the che kinh te cua Viet Nam nam 2016 cdn han che, mpt sd ciil tifu the hifn mdc dd thuin lgi cho kinh doanh xip hang d mdc thap, nhu khdi sy DN (xep hgng 121/190); quy dinh thu tuc phi sin (xip thd 125/190); quy dinh tuan thu phip luit thue (xep thd 167/190)... Nhin c i giai doan 2011 - 2016, nhieu chi sd thanh phin khic cham dugc cii thien hay tham chf cdn giy khd khan cho hogt dpng kinh doanh. Die biet thi hien d hai chi sd la cjuy dinh ve khdi sy kinh doanh vi quy dinh ve thue. Cic chi sd nay cua Vift Nam vira bj danh gii thip vira c6 xu hudng cham cii thifn.
Chang han, chi sd khdi sy kinh doanh giim td vj tri 98 nam 2011 xudng vi tri 121 tren 190 nudc nam 2016; chl sd quy dinh vl thul giim td vi tri 151 nam 2011 xudng 167 nim 2016.
Minh chdng cho ban che niy dd li cic cdng eg VI md nhu thue chdng bin phi gii, thul chdng trg cap dli bio vf cic nginh sin xult npi dja trudc cac hinh vi canh tranh khdng linh mgnh td nudc ngoii, mac du dupc quy dinh trong phap luat nhung hiu nhu khong dugc ip dyng tren thyc te. Trong dilu kifn hfi nhap, khi d c rio cin thul cjuan dupc do hi nhung cic rio cin ky thuit lifn quan din tifu chuan chit lugng sin phim, tuin thu cic quy dinh vl bio vf mdi
20 TAP CHf KINH Tf VA Q U A N L?| 56 20 (12 - 2016)
Giii quyft phi sin Thyc thi hgp ddng Thi/omg m?! qu6c t^
Quy djnh vSthu^
(3uy djnh v^ bdo v$ nhd diu tu nhd Ti^p ejn tfn dgng Ctuy djnh v& dSng ky tii sin
Quy djnh v& difn ning Quy djnh vfe cSp phfp xiy dyng Cic quy djnh v6 khdi sy kinh doanh
0 50 100 150
Ngui, T4cgUiAiffb<paiDangaisMi»agOI7.201R 201S. 2014.2013.2012 aia WB
trudng, vl trich nhifm xa hdi... trd tiianh cfing dinh gia rit tiilp, thi hifn d xip hang 167/190
• 2016
• 2015
• 2014
• 2013
• 2012 12011
200
cy chu yeu de cac qudc gia bio vf thj trudng ndi dja, thi the che kinh t l hifn tai cua Viet Nam chua chu </ dung mdc den nhimg cfing cu niy de bio ve cic DN trong nudc trudc sdc ep canh ti-anh td ben ngoai cung nhu di hd tixr DN canh tranh trfn thi trudng qudc te.
Quy djnh lifn quan khdi sy kinh doanh cua Vift Nam cdn phuc tap ve thu tuc vi theo dinh gii cua WB, nam 2016, nhiimg thay ddi trong cic quy djnh vl tham gia tiii oudng, khdi nghiep ehua tao thugn lgi cho hogt ddng cua DN vdi 9 budc tiiyc hifn cic thu tuc, mit 24 ngay va chi phf mat 4,6% thu nhgp binh quin diu ngudi cua Vift Nam. Trong khi do, DN khdi nghifp tai Sin- gapore chl phii qua 3 budc thyc hien thu tuc, tixing vdng 2,5 ngiy chi phi mit 0,6% thu nhap binh quin diu ngudi. Cie chi sd ve tilp can difn nang, thu tgc phi sin, quy djnh vl thul cua Vift Nam dugc xep hgng d vi tri rat thip. Dac bift, m§c du ty suit cic loai thul cua Vift Nam thip hon so vdi iihieu qudc gia trong khu vye nhung quy dinh ve thul ddi cua Vift Nam van dugc
nudc tren thi gidi va so vdi cic qudc gia trong AEC, d chi sd nay Vift Nam la kfm nhat, ddng thdi CO khoing cich khi xa (tdi 20 bac) so vdi nudc kem thd 2 trong khu vye li Lio.
Hai la. the chl kinh t l cua Vift Nam chua the hifn tinh efing bing vl moi trudng kinh doanh giua DN ldn vdi DN nhd, giua DN trong nudc vi DN cd vdn dau tu nudc ngoii.
Mpt sd quy dinh vl dieu kifn, quy mo DN da han che sy tham gia cua cac DN nhd vio thi tiudng. Trong khi cic DN nha nudc van tiep tuc nhan dugc hd u-g cua Nhi nudc thi sd DN ngoii nha nudc, uxing dd chu ylu li cic doanh nhifp nhd vi vua gap rat nhieu khd khan trong viec tiep can ngudn lyc nhu tin dung, mat bing cho hoat ddng sin xuat kinh doanh. Theo khio sit, cd tdi 30% sd DN cd khd khan trong tiep can cic khoan vay trong dd, thilu tai sin the chip vay vdn da gay cin trd ddi vdi 27% sd DN*
Sy bit cap tixsng tiie che kinh t l hifn tgi cdn the hifn d sy thilu efing bing trong tuin thu phip luat ve thue giua DN trong nudc vi DN
5(520(12-2016) I TAPCHfKINHT^VAQUANLy I 21
THI/CTliN-KINH NGHlfiM
I Ubi1:S«siakddMtiwMMkWi
TifiuCW ,:>:=. ,M»lS, __^
1 .C^c tjuy dinh vl khdi su k.doanh 2:Qa^ dinh ve'dp p h e p l ^ dur^ "
3.Quy dinh ve dien nang 4.Quy djnh v¥ dang fc^ tai san B.Tiep can tin dung
e.Quy dinh vib.ve nhi d.tu nhd 7.Quy djnh vl thue
S.ThScS^ iml qudc te Q.Thuc thi hpp ddng ICGiii quylt phi san Xip hgng tdng tbi
Ngudn'Tic gii tong hqp tu bio cao Chu thich
VN: Vidt Nam TH:. Thii Lan
MY: Malaysia LA. Lio
nudc ngoii. Cic DN nudc ngoii dugc hudng nhilu uu dai vl thul, gii thuf dat, dugc tgo dieu kifn tiep cfn hg ting sin xuat, difn nang, nudc sin xult... vdi chi phi thip nhung tuan thu phip lugt vl thue, bio vf mdi trudng rat ylu.
So lieu eda nganh thul cho thiy trong nhdng nam qua, d nude cd khoing 50% DN FDI ke khai Id, trong dd nhilu DN thua Id lifn tuc trong nhilu nim lien tiep. Thinh phd Ho Chi Minh cd ta gan 60% trong sd tien 3.500 DN FDI thudng xuyen kf khai id trong nhilu nam. Tinh Binh Duang, mpt trong nhirng tinh thu hut dupc nhieu dy in FDI, cung cd din 50% DN FDI bao cio Id giai doan 2006-2016. Thuc t l niy di tao ra mfii trudng kinh doanh khfing cfing bing, gdp phan lam gia tang khoing cich vl nang luc canh tranh giua DN trong nudc vi DN nudc ngoai.
Tu thyc t l trfn, ddi mdi the ehl kinh te cua Vift Nam ttxing thdi gian tdi la yeu d u vd eung d p thilt, khdng ehl de dip dng yfu d u cua cac cam kit mi Vift Nam di ky kit vdi cac qudc gia khic mi cdn phuc vu true tilp, tiiilt tiiyc cho sy phit ttien cua chinh cic DN ttxing nudc. E)di mdi the chl kinh tl de ca hdi thuc sy trd tiianh tiianh qua chd khdng chi la tilm nang. Doi mdi de vugt qua cic tiiich tiiuc da thuc sy hien hihi trong nln kinh tl, ma bieu hifn m net nhat la ttBn thi
daaiyi c6a Vict Nan «i cac qii& gia trong AEC VN TH
121 78 24*" 42 96 37 59 68 32 82 87 27 167 109
93 56 69 51 125 23 82 46
SG 6 10 10 19 20 1 8 41 2 29
2 PH 171 85 22 112 118 137 115 95 136
56 99
MM 146 66 149 143 175 179 119 159 188 164 170
MY 112 13 8 40 20 3 61 60 42 46 23
LA 160 47 155
65 75 165 146 120 88 169 139
ID 151
Vis
49 T l 8
62 70 104 108 166 76 91
KH 180 183 136 120 7 114 124 102^
178 72 131
BN 84 37 21 134
62 102
89 .142
93 57 72 cua WB, Doing Business 2017. Equal Opportun^ for All SG: Si^ip^ne
ID: Indonesia
PH: Philippines KH: Campuchia
MM: Myanmar BN: Brunei trudng hing tifu dung, thj tiudng bin If, dl DN Viet Nam cd thi canh tranh dugc vdi hang hda den td Thii Lan, Singapore, Malaysia dang din din chiem Unh thi phin cua DN ndi.
Doi mdi thi chl kinh t l d Viet Nam cln dugc nhin td gdc rl, tdc la tao dieu kien cho DN cit giim chi phi, ning cao chit lupng, ha gii tiiinh sin phim. Chfnh vi the, ddi mdi the che vda li thay ddi nhimg kit d u ldn nhu hf thdng phip luat kinh te, phip luit hd trg DN, ddng thdi, thuc te hon, tryc dien hon la nhiimg hd trg thiet thuc cho DN nhu tao dieu kien cho DN tiiam gia thj trudng, tuin thu phip luat vdi thdi gian, chi phi thap nhat, hd trg thong tin thi trudng; xdc tiln thuong mai va hd trg bat cd dieu gi du li nhd nhat ma cac DN trong nen kinh t l can. The chl do phu hgp vdi tinh than xay dyng nhi nudc kien tao, phuc vu ma Viet Nam dang hudng tdi.
3. Oinh hirdng hoan thifn the thi ho tra doanh nghiSp
De cd the tdn tai, phit triln vi hpi nh|p, DN Viet Nam can tu van dpng, nd luc ddi mdi, nang cao nang lyc canh tranh, ddng thdi, thi chl cua Nha nudc can dugc dieu chinh di hd trg, thuc day, tao dieu kien thuin lgi hon nua cho DN thanh cdng trong AEC. TYx)ng thdi gian tdi, Vift 22 TAP CHf KINH TfVA Q U A N V(\ S6 20 (12 - 2016)
s a u d ^ .
Mot /g, tao lap moi trudng phap luat thuan lgi hon niia cho hoat dgng ciia DN.
Tmdc bet, he thdng phip luat can dugc hoan tiiifn tiieo hudng ddng bg, thdng nhit. Quy Dinh x ^ dyng van ban quy pham phap luat can dugc ddi mdi nhim dam bao dan chu nxing qua tiinh xa/ dyng phip luat, tang cudng sy tham gia ciia cac ddi tugng chiu tac dgng cua chinh sach nhu cic DN, hiep hgi DN.
Cic van bin quy pham phap luat Uen quan den nnh vuc kinh te do cac d p chinh quyen ban hanh can dugc tilp tuc ra soit, sda ddi bd sung de dim bio tinh phu hgp vi tiiyc t l cua he thing phap lugt. Giay phep coa tiiu tuc hanh chinh khong hd trg nhilu cho boat ddng cua DN nen duac can nhic bai bd.
Trong dii haa he tiidng phap luat kinh te nen dugc ddi mdi tiieo hudng han chl luat khung, Iu4t ban hinh can de b i l a d l i p dung vi tiiyc hien. Cic quy djnh ve dang ky tai saa tii sin bio dim can tiiay ddi de vua tao dilu kifn tiiuan lgi cho boat dpng cua DN vua hd tixr DN tiep cin tin dung de ding. Die biet cic quy dinh lifn quan din dang ky kinh doanh, d p giiy phep trong cic nganh nghl kinh doanh cd dieu kifn can dugc den gian hda, tilt kifm tiidi gian vi chi phi cho DN. Quy dinh lien quan den tuan tiiu phip lult vl tiiue. hii quan can tilp tyc dugc dieu chinh tiieo hudng giim chi phi cho DN, hd tttr DN nang cao nang lyc canh u-anh.
Hmla. hoan tiiien till chl kinh t l hd ttxrhon nua cho DN, ddng tiidi phu hgp vdi cac nguyen tac tiii trudng vi cic cam kit hpi nhap kinh t l quocte
Cac nguyfn tic tiij oudng yeu d u tiie chl lunh te phii tuin thu va tdn tttmg cic quy luat till Quemg. Cic hinh tiiuc ho utr gian tiep dien hlnh la dau tu phit ttien kit d u ha ting, ngudn nhSn lyc. khoa hgc cong nghf, tilp can tiii uudng... C6 till su dung cic hd titf vl tai chinJi nhu d p dn dung nhi nudc tao ra uu tien nhieu hon cho DN so vdi tilp cin u«n tiii ttudng nhung phii dim bio phu hgp vdi cic cam kit
quy djnh, co ap lyc nang cao khi nang cgnh tranh cua DN ve dai ban.
^ Yeu d u phii hgp vdi cam kit hdi nhap kinh te qudc te ddi hoi the che kinh te phii dim bao thyc hien diinh sach bao hd sin xuat tixing nudc 00 clKin lpc, cd dilu kien va co thdi ban. Sii dung cac bien phap thue va phi thue nhim trg giup cac DN Qxirig nudc thudc mgi tiianh phan kinh te, QUOC mat tap trung cho cac nginh uu tiea mOi nhga nhim tao lap va nang cao khi ning canh u-anh tren thi trudng npi dia vi tung budc md rdng thi oudng ngoai nudc. Bao hd phii tdng budc nang cao khi nang canh tranh cua nganh va san pham.
Viet Nam can tang cudng sd dung cac cdng cy nhu tiiul chdng ban phi gii, tiiue chdng ttxj cap de bao vf cic nginh san xuat ndi dja ttudc cac hanh vi canh tranh khdng linh manh td nuoc n^iai. Tang cudng su dyng cic bifn phip ty vf nhu ban nggch, thul ty ve, tiiui chdng ban pha gia, giay phep nh§p khau d mgt sd nganh hing. Ddng tiidi. can sd dyng cic bifn phap kiem dich ddng thyc vgt, cic yfu d u ky thugt ddi vdi hing hoi.
Ba li. tiiyc hifn cic bifn phip hd trg DN tren CO sd tdn trpng quyin vu chu cua DN
DN la chu till chinh ttxing cic nd lyc ning cao 1 ^ nang canh o-anh, Nhi nudc chi ddng vai Ud hd tiq. tiiuc day Do do, tiie chl kinh t l hd trg DN phai dya ttifn nguyen tic ton trpng, khuyin khfeh DN phat huy tinh than ty chu, ty chiu ti-ach nhiem. Vi tiie, Nhi nudc khdng xiy dung chinh sach tiieo hudng bao d p , uu dai trin lan, tgo ra sy odng chd. y lgi cua DN. The chl kinh te phii gd bd nhOmg uu dai qui mdc ddi vdi DN nha nudc nhu khoanh ng, xoi ng, d p vdn... tgo mdi uudng cgnh uianb binh dang cho cic logi hinhDN.
Ton tipng quyen ty chu cua DN cdn dupc till hifn d chd, Nha nudc phii coi DN vua li ddi ttigng tiiu hudng chinh sich. vua li khich hang cua ca quan quan ly nha nudc vi hogch dinh chinh sKli. Cic phan inh nguyfn vgng ciia DN ve cii tiea hoin tiiif a ddi mdi till chl, chfnh sich va tiiu tiJC hanh chinh phii dugc xu l<r kjp
5(5 20 (12 - 2016) I TAP CHf KINH Tf VA Q U A N Lf | 23
THI/CTIIN-KINH NGHllM
thdi. Nhi nudc cdn phii cam ket chi tri bdi thudng cic tiiiet hai cho DN vi cac ly do "nil ro chinh sich"
Bon IA xoi bd phan bift doi xu giflra cac logi hinhDN
Sy binh dang, khdng phin bift ddi xii the hifn d vifc khi xiy dyng vi trien khai cac chinh sach phii dam bao khong phin biet ddi xd giOra cic logi hinh DN. Ddng thdi. cliinh sich phii dim bio tinh cdng khai, minh bach, thong tin day du va rd ring. Ca hdi tiep can thdng tin vi ngudn lyc nha nudc phii cfing bang.
Bat binh ding dau tien d n kifn quylt va nhanh chdng xoi bd li giCra DN nhi nudc vi cic DN ngoii nhi nudc. Thyc hifn nguyfn tic nay trift de chic chin se ning cao vi thi vi khuyen khich dugc nhilu DN Vift Nam vuon If a khang djnh khi nang canh ttanh tren thj trudng trong nudc vi khu vye.
Bit binh dang thd hai d n dugc giii quylt la giua DN trong nudc vi DN cd vdn dau tu nudc ngoii (FDI). Nhdng uu dii qui mue ddi vcS cic DN FDI v6 tinh da day cic DN ttxing nudc. nhat li cic DN nhd vi vua bj roi vio the yeu trong cgnh tranh trfn thi trucmg.
Warn la, till chl kinh te d n hd trg u'eh eye cho DN xue tiln thuong mgi. tilp can thfing tin tlii trudng.
- Nhi nu6c d n djnh hudng uu tifn hd trg cho cic sin phim cd gii tri gia tang cao vdi cac bifn phip trpng tam nhu hd trg DN xay dyng thuong hifu. thiet ke mau ma. tilp thi thi trudng mdi...
Ben cgnh dd. de nang cao khi nang tilp can tryc tilp vdi ngudi mua cua DN Vift Nam. cac bien phip xuc tien tiiuong mgi phii true tiep hudng vio tim kilm cic nhi nhgp khau. gidi thifu sin phim tdi tan cic nhi phan phdi tren cac thi ttudng tifu tiiu san pham trgng diem vi tilm ning.
Td chiirc quing bi cho xuat khau Viet Nam ain cic phuong tifn ttuyin tiifing qudc ti. tiiue chuyen gia ttxing va ngoai nudc de tu van phat ttien xuat khlu vi tu vln thilt ke mlu ma, san pham nang cao chat lugng hang hoa, djch vu, dao tgo, nang cao nang lyc vi ky nang kinh
doanh xuat khau d trong v i ngoii nudc. Nha nudc tap trung hd trg quing bi. thim nhap thi trudng nudc ngoii ddi vdi nhCmg thuong hiey hang hoa, dich vu die trung thudc Chuong trinh thuong hieu qudc gia. Ngoii ra. Nhi nudc can (iiu y hd trg xiy dyng cic co sd va the chl xuc tiln thuong mai 6 trong va ngoai nudc; xay dyng va dng dyng quy trinh kinh doanh difn td; i p dung cic chuan trao ddi dCr lifu difn td trong cic nginh; to chdc tiep xuc vdi cic nhi nhip khau nudc ngoai vio Viet Nam giao dich mua hang... Ngoii ra, cln khuyen khich, tao dilu kif a tu van. hd ttg nghifp vu de cic DN ty td chdc xuc tiln thuong mgi cho DN va sin pham cua hg tren cic thi trudng trgng diem vi tiem ning.
- Nha nudc tap trung hd trg nhieu ban cho boat dgng thdng tin. tu vln de xic dinh chfnh xic. cu the yeu clu ve sd lugng. mlu ma, kieu ding, chit lugng sin pham, khic phuc han chl cua hoat dpng xuc tien thuong mai la chl tip ttung vio phin tifu thy sin phim ma chua chu y dung mdc tdi viec hieu rd nhu cau eda khich hing. Hd trg DN Viet Nam chu ddng tim hilu vi tham nhap thi trudng qudc t l bang cich bim sit nhu eau thi trudng chd khdng thu dfng di chio bin sin phim minh cd sin.
- Tilp tuc hd trg cic DN canh tranh vung chic trfn san nhi bang cic Chuong trinh dua hing ve ndng thdn, Chuong trinh van ddng ngudi Vift Nam dung hang Vift Nam... nhim giu vflmg, phit trien thi trudng npi dia. BSng cic bifn phip nay, Nhi nudc da hd trg manh cho cie DN md rdng vi giCr viimg thi trudng ngi dia. Dong thdi, Nhi nudc cung phai yfu d u cac DN giu vflmg ehu tin trudc khach hang.
- Nha nudc d n hd ttg DN thdng qua xay dung hf thdng ca sd dCr lieu phuc vu cdng tic phd bien, cung d p thdng tin, cap nhat, phin tich, dy bao eda qudc t l vl tinh hlnh timg nginh hing, dua ra cie quylt djnh phu hgp vdi diln bien cua thuong trudng; tuyfn truyen vl hing hoa, dich vu cua Vift Nam; dio tgo ky ning, kiln thuc xdc tiln thuong mgi, kinh doanh qudc tl...
- Nhanh chdng thinh lap cie trung tim thu
24 I TAPCHfKINHTfVAQUANLyi 5(520 (12 -2016)
trudng hing hda va cong nghe thi gidi de giup DN trien kliai chiln luge tiep thi, day manh xuat khau vi chpn lya cong nghe hien dai, khic phuc tinh ttang thong tin vl thj trudng the gidi d nudc ta qua rdi rac, phan tin vi chua phong phu cung nhu sy hgp tic thieu chat che giflra cac ca quan, DN ttong vifc ttao ddi thong tin.
Tang cudng cung d p thdng tin cho DN ve AEC cung nhu cac FTA kiiic ma Viet Nam dang tham gia. Thdng tin cung d p can cu the va dl ding tilp can dugc ddi vdi DN. Xay dyng mpt kfnh tham van DN thudng xuyen va hifu qua hon khong chi cho dim phin ma quan trpng hon li cho qui oinh thyc thi cic cam kit thuong mgi. Dgc bift cln cd mdt don vi dau mdi cung d p thdng tin, hd trg DN tim hieu npi dung cac cic FTA cung nhu tu van cho DN trong cic trudng hpp vudng mic.
Vdi tu each thanh vien cua AEC, Vift Nam cd thfm nhieu ca hgi de tiiue day ting trudng vi phit trien kinh t l vdi dieu kifn ca DN va Nhi nudc phii day manh ddi mdi. cii cich. 6 Vift Nam. do the chl kinh t l chua hoin thifn nfn doi mdi the chl kinh t l cua Nhi nudc giu vai tid hit sdc quan trgng. Cg d u xuat khau tuong dong, ty If dau vio nhgp khlu cho sin xuat td cic qudc gia trong ASEAN cao. nang suit va chat lugng lao dpng tiiap. ttinh dd cfing nghe lac hau khien cho yfu cau ddi mdi the chl kinh t l nham tgo dilu kifn cho DN Viet Nam ning cao khi nang cgnh tianh ttong qui trinh hfii nhap phii mgnh me hon rat nhieu so vdi hifn tai cung nhu so vdi cic qudc gia ttong khu vuc. Doi mdi mgnh me, dot pbi va nhanh chdng se giup DN Vift Nam vugt qua thich thuc. biln ca hdi thanh hifn thyc di hgi nhip thinh edng.
3) WB. Doing Business 2015, Going Beyon Ef- ficiency
4) WB. Doing Business 2014. Understanding Regulations for SmaU and Medium - Size Enter- prises
5) WB, Doing Business 2013. Smarter Regula- tions for Small and Medium - Size Enterprises
6) WB. Doing Business 2012. Doing Business in a more Transparent World
7) Cong thong tin dien tti Bo Tai chinh 8) OEM Dac diem moi trudng kinh doanh d Viet Nam. Ket qui t£eu tra doanh nghiep nhd vi viia nam 2015.
9) asean.mofa.gov.vn, Cong dong kinh te /iSE/iN (AES). ngay dang 10/12/2015.
10) hoinhapkinhte.gov. vn. Cac lmh vuc hop tac trong Cong dong Kinh te AS£AiV (AEC).
11) tmvw. vietnamplus. vn, Khai quit nhOng nit cbinh vebatru cot ctia Cong ding ASE/^N, truy cap ngiy 31/12/2015
12) TS Tran Du Lich. Doi mdi thi che kinh te hieu qua nhit. baochinhphu.vn. truy cap ngiy 03/10/2015
13) Van Huy, Hoi nhap AEC: Nang cao nang ItJc canh tranh - nhiim vu "s6ng cdn" cia Doanh nghiep Viet!, doanhnghiep.vn, truy cip ngiy 14/03/2016.
14)vtv.vn. Doi men the che kinh tS thdi ky hoi nhap, truy cap ngay 23/01/2016.
TAII4UTHAMKHAO:
1) WB. Doing Business 2017, Equal Opportu- nity for All
2) WB. Doing Business 2016, Measuring Reg- ulatory Quality and ElBciency
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