CHAU MY NGAY NAY
DOI NGOAI NHAN DAN TRONG TIEN TRINH HOI NHAP QUOC TE CUA VIET NAM
Phiing Thj H6ng Van*
Tom tat: G Viit Nam, ddi ngogi nhdn ddn dd dugc thue hiin tic khi Chii tich Hd Chi Minh rg nu&c ngodi tim du&ng cim nu&c. Trong hai cude khdng chien oanh Hit chong Phdp vd chdng My ciia nhdn ddn ta, doi ngogi nhdn ddn dd phdt huy vai tro to l&n, eimg ddi ngogi ciia Ddng vd ngogi gigo Nhd nu&c tgo thdnh mgt trdn ngogi giao. Sau khi hda binh lap lgi, thdng nhdt ddt nu&c ndm 1975, ddi ngogi nhdn ddn tiip tuc phuc vu su nghiip xdy dung vd bdo v? Td quoc. Tren eg s&phdn tieh nhiing khd khdn, thudn lgi cua ddi ngogi nhdn ddn trong tiin trinh hoi nhdp qudc ti, bdi viit niu lin mgt sd gidi phdp nhdm phdt huy han nUa site mgnh cua ddi ngogi nhdn ddn hiin nay.
Tir khoa: Ddi ngoai nhan dan, Viet Nam, Hdi nhap qudc tl.
1. Quan diem ciia Sang va Nha nirdc ve doi ngoai nhan dan
Hign nay, trong qua trinh hdi nhap qudc tl sau rdng eua Viet Nam, cd thg ndi boat ddng ddi ngoai nhan dan da dugc md rdng vdi su tham gia cua tat ca cac td ehttc, CO quan cua chinh phu, phi chinh phu, cua cac dia phuomg, cac trudng dai hgc, vien nghign cum... ndng cdt la Mat ttan To qudc Viet Nam, Hdi Lign higp Phu ntt Viet Nam, Hdi Ndng dan Vigt Nam, Tdng Lien doan lao ddng Viet Nam, Hdi Cuu chign binh Viet Nam, Boan Thanh nien Cdng san Hd Chi Minh, Lien hiep cae td chuc huu nghi Vigt Nam.
Ndi dung, phuomg thue, linh vuc, dia ban boat ddng va ddi tac quan he tren kgnh ddi ngoai nhan dan ngay cang phong phu, da dang, gdp phan hinh thanh va tung budc md rgng mang ludi ban be the gidi, ddi tac qudc te;
ttanh thu dugc ngudn luc qudc tg, ddng gdp vao vide phat ttiln kinh t l - xa hdi, tuyen truyen, quang ba ve ddt nude va con ngudi Vigt Nam; tich cue tham gia cuoc dau tranh ttgn linh vue dan chu, nhan quygn, dan tdc, tdn giao, chdng am muu "dign biln hda binh" cua cac thi luc thu dich; bay td tinh doan kgt qudc tg vdi ban be truyen thdng va nhan dan thg gidi, gdp phSn vao cuge ddu ttanh chung vi hda binh, ddc lap, dan chu va tign bdxa hdi,'
Trong nhttng nam qua, da cd nhiiu nghi quyit, chi thi eua Dang dl dinh hudng cho cac boat ddng ddi ngo^i nhan dan. Nam 1994, trudc nhttng ddi hdi eua sir nghiep ddi mdi va nhdm thirc hien chtt truong da dang hda, da phuang hda quan he qudc tg. Ban Bi thu Trung uong Dang (khda VII) da ban hanh Chi thi sd 44-CT/TW vl "Md rdng va ddi mdi boat ddng ddi ngoai nhan dan."^
* BQ Gido due
CHAU MY NGAY NAY 61 Nghi quygt Dai hdi Dang lan thtt X da
dg ra nhiem vu "phat ttiln cdng tac ddi ngoai nhan dan theo phuomg cham 'ehu ddng, linh hoat, sang tao, hieu qua'; tich cue tham gia cac dign dan va boat ddng cua nhan dan the gidi, gdp phan vao eudc dau ttanh chung vi hda binh, phat ttiln cdng bdng, bin vttng, dan chu va tign bg xa hgi; tang cudng van ddng vien ttg va nang cao higu qua hgp tac vdi cac td chuc phi chinh phu nude ngoai dg phat triln kinh tl - xa hdi."'
Nham phat huy hom ntta vai ttd cua ddi ngoai nhan dan ttong vige day manh cdng nghigp hda, hien dai hda dat nude, Nghi quygt Dai hdi Dang ISn thtt XI da ngu rd; "coi ttgng va nang cao higu qua cua cdng tac ddi ngoai nhan dan...", ddng thdi "ttien khai ddng bd, toan dien boat ddng ddi ngoai, chu ddng va tieh cue hdi nhap qudc tg", thue hien nhat quan dudng loi ddc lap, tu chu, hda binh, hgp tac va phat trign, chinh sach ddi ngoai rdng md, da phuomg hda, da dang hda cac quan he qudc tg theo phuomg cham
"chu ddng, linh hoat, sang tao, hieu qua"
ttong cdng tac ddi ngoai nhan dan.'' Ngay 6/7/2011, Ban Bi thu Trung uong Dang ra Chi thi sd 04-CT/TW v l tiip tuc ddi mdi va nang cao hieu qua cdng tac ddi ngoai nhan dan ttong tinh hinh mdi.
Ngay 10/4/2013, Ban Chdp hanh Trung uang ra Nghi quyit so 22-NQ/TW v l hdi nhap quoc tl. Ngay 19/5/2015, Ban Bi thu ban hanh Chi thi sd 45-CT/TW v l viec tiip tuc ddy manh thue hien Nghi quyet 36-NQ/TW cua Bd Chinh tti
(khda IX) ngay 26/3/2004 vl cdng tac ddi vdi ngudi Viet Nam d nude ngoai ttong tinh hinh mdi. Ngay 21/1/2015, Bd Chinh tti (khda XI) ban hanh Quygt dinh so 272-QD/rW v l Quy chi quan ly thdng nhat cac boat ddng ddi ngoai.
Ngay 25/7/2018, Bd Chmh tti ban hanh Kgt luan ve viec tigp tuc thue hien Quy chg quan ly thdng nhdt cac boat ddng ddi ngoai ban hanh kem theo Quyet dinh sd 272-QD/TW.
2. Muc tigu va thanh qua chii yeu cua doi ngoai nhan dan
Qua cac van ban cua Dang, dae biet la Nghi quyit sd 22-NQ/TW nam 2013 cua Bd Chinh tri v l hdi nhap qudc te, ed thi chi ra mgt sd muc tieu bao trum cua ddi ngoai nhan dan la:
(i) Cung cd, tang cudng quan he httu nghi, hop tac vdi nhan dan cac nude, nham gitt vihig mdi trudng hda binh, dn dinh dg xay dung va bao ve Td qudc.
Tigp tuc trien khai, thue hien cac chu truong ddi ngoai ldn eua Dang va Nha nude ve quan he eua ta vdi cac nude lang gigng, ASEAN, cac ddi tac quan ttgng va ban be truyin thdng. Ddng thdi, thue hign tdt cdng tac nghign ettu tinh hinh, trign khai eae boat dgng mdt each phu hgp, bag ve lgi ich qudc gia, dan tdc, ban chi mat tigu cue, hgp tac binh ddng, ciing cd lgi; tuygn truyen kgt qua Dai hgi XII cua Dang, cdng cuoc ddi mdi va xay dung chu nghia xa hdi d Viet Nam, ban chat vi nhan dan cua chg do va nen dan chu xa hdi chu nghia eua Viet Nam;
62 SO 08-2019 CHAUMYNGAYNAY dudng ldi, ehinh sach ddi ngoai ddc lap
tu chu, hda binh, hgp tac va phat trign cua Viet Nam... nham tang cudng higu biet, cung cd tinh hiru nghi, tranh thu su ddng tinh, ung hd eua nhan dan cac nude ddi vdi su nghigp xay dung va bao ve Td qudc cua nhan dan ta. Kgt hgp cdng tac ddi ngoai vdi cdng tac van ddng, tap hgp va hd trg ngudi Viet Nam d nude ngoai.
(ii) Chu ddng, tich cue tham gia va nang cao hieu qua hgi nhap qudc tg, ttanh thu cae ngudn luc va dieu kien thuan lgi dg gdp phan phat trign kinh te - xa hgi, bao vg Td qudc, nang cao uy tin, vi the eua Viet Nam, ddng gdp cho sir nghigp chung cua nhan dan khu vuc va the gidi.
Tigp tuc tham gia cd ttach nhiem va ddng gdp phu hgp tai cac eg chi, td ehttc qudc tg va dien dan da phuang quan trgng, cd anh hudng dgn lgi ich cua Vigt Nam, nhat la cac diln dan phi chinh phu cua Lien Hgp qudc, ASEAN, khu vuc chau A - Thai Binh Duomg, cac td ehttc dan chu va tien bd qudc tg.
(iii) Tieh cue tham gia bao ve dgc lap, chu quygn, gitt vttng mdi trudng hda bmh, on dinh chinh tri - xa hdi, bao ve an ninh qudc gia. Cac bign phap dau ttanh bao ve ddc lap, ehu quygn, lanh thd, bao ve lgi ich qudc gia can bao dam tuan thu sir lanh dao cua Dang; kign quygt song linh hoat, mgm deo dg ttanh thu dugc sir ung hd rgng rai cua nhan dan cac nude, khdng gay kieh dgng, ban thu dan tdc, gdp phan gitt vttng mdi trudng hda bhih, dn dinh de xay dung va
bao ve To qudc, gitt viJng dn dinh chinh tti - xa hdi va khdi dai doan kit toan dan tdc. Tigp tuc canh giac va cd bien phap dau ttanh hieu qua vdi am muu "dign bien hda binh" qua vice thue ddy "da nguyen" chinh tri, hinh thanh "xa hgi dan sir" kigu phuong Tay tai Viet Nam, lgi dung chdng pha Viet Nam ttgn ITnh vue dan chu, nhan quygn, tdn giao, bao ehi, luat phap va cac van dg nhay cam khac.^
Trong nhimg nam vua qua, boat ddng ddi ngoai nhan dan da dat duge mdt sd ket qua chu ygu, quan trgng, thdng qua viec hien thirc hda cac muc tigu ddi ngoai chung cua Viet Nam bao gdm:
Thic nhdt, tham gia van dgng, ddu ttanh bao ve chii quyen, lanh thd, Igi ich qudc gia, dan tdc: trudc nhOmg dign bign phttc tap mdi d Biln Ddng, cac doan thg va td ehttc nhan dan ta mgt mat tich cue thdng tin dg nhan dan cac nude higu, nam dugc tinh hinh; mat khac, ttgn co sd luat phap qudc te, van ddng nhan dan cac nude ung hd lap trudng eiia Viet Nam ttong giai quygt cac ttanh chdp tai Biln Ddng bang bien phap hda binh, yeu cdu Trung Qudc chdm diit boat ddng phi phap gay cang thdng d Biln Ddng. Hoat ddng van ddng, dau ttanh eua cac doan the, td ehttc nhan dan da gdp phdn quan trgng vao eudc dau ttanh bao ve chu quyen lanh thd, thi hien rd thai do dung dan va lap trudng chinh nghia cua nhan dan ta; tranh thu su ddng tmh, ung hd cua du luan qudc tl. Trong ddu ttanh chdng am muu va luein di?u sai ttai cua cac thg luc thu dich, bao vg quan dilm.
CHAU MY NGAY NAY SO 08-2019 63 lap trudng, hinh anh va lgi ich cua Vigt
Nam, cac td ehttc cua Viet Nam tigp tuc phdi hgp tdt tai cac diln dan, dau ttanh bao ve quan dilm cua ta vg lao dgng va cdng doan ttong cac dam phan, bao ve lgi ich ngudi lao ddng, hdi vign nganh, nghe ttong canh ttanh thuong mai. Vg bao dam quyen eon ngudi, cac td ehttc nhan dan cua ta tigp tue phdi hgp vdi cac CO quan ehttc nang triln khai, thue hign cac khuyen nghi theo co che ra soat dinh ky phd quit UPR...'
Thd hai, cung cd, tang cudng quan he doan ket, httu nghi, hgp tac vdi nhan dan cae nude lang gieng, md rdng quan hg ban be va ddi tac qudc te: ddi ngoai nhan dan phat trign vg chieu sau ttong quan he hgp tac vdi cae nude lang gigng, cac nude quan hg ddi tac chien luge va cac nude cd vi tri quan ttgng ttong chinh sach ddi ngoai cua Viet Nam; cung cd quan he ban be truygn thdng, tang cudng quan he vdi cac lire lugng yeu chuong hda binh va tign bg, cae td ehttc canh ta;
md rdng quan hg vdi cac td ehttc, ca nhan cd thien chi vdi Vigt Nam. Cac phuomg thtte hgp tac va ndi dung boat ddng da dang, phong phu. Trong quan hg vdi Lao, Campuchia, cac doan thg va td ehttc nhan dan Vigt Nam tiep tue phat huy vai ttd doan ket, httu nghi dac biet vdi eae ddi tac nhan dan nude ban, dua mdi quan he nay di vao chieu sau, thue chdt. Vdi Trung Qudc, bgn canh viec kien tri ddu tranh bao ve chu quygn bign, dao, cac hoat dgng ddi ngoai nhan dan tiip tuc triln khai tinh than thda thuan
cua lanh dao cap cao hai nude ttong vige phat huy quan he httu nghi truyen thdng gitta nhan dan hai nude.
Vdi cae nude d khu vuc Ddng Nam A, da trien khai cae boat ddng song phuong va da phuomg, thu dugc nhigu ket qua quan ttgng. Hudng tdi xay dung Cdng ddng ASEAN vdi ttgng tam vi ngudi dan, cac td ehttc nhan dan ta cung ttien khai nhigu boat ddng cd y nghia thigt thue, thg hign mong mudn va ttach nhiem cua nhan dan Viet Nam ttong viec xay dung Cdng ddng.
Vdi cac nude ldn va cac ddi tac chign luge, boat ddng ddi ngoai nhan dan giup tang cudng higu bigt, hiru nghi va hgp tac gitta nhan dan Vigt Nam vdi nhan dan cae nude (My, Lign minh chau Au, Nga, Nhat Ban, Han Qudc, An Do...);
tham gia cac diln dan xa hdi the gidi nhu: Diln dan nhan dan A - Au, Diln dan nhan dan ASEAN, cac hdi nghi, chien dich qudc tg vi hda bmh, doan kgt qudc tg... Vdi cac ban be truygn thdng, cac nude chau A, chau Phi, My Latinh, cac doan thg, td chuc nhan dan ta duy tti tdt quan he, tinh cam gan bd.
Vdi vai trd tao dung mdi quan he tin cay va thue ddy mdi quan he gitta cac nude, ddi ngoai nhan dan ludn dugc xem la mdt chu dl quan ttgng ttong khudn khd cac chuygn tham va cac cude doi thoai gitta lanh dao Vigt Nam va cac nude. Trong nam 2018, kgnh ddi ngoai nhan dan d cap ttung uang da ttign khai cu 238 doan ra vdi 1.300 lugt ngudi;
ddn 325 doan vao vdi 2.100 lugt ngudi.'
64 CHAUMYNGAYNAY Thic ba, tich cue, chu ddng hdi nhap
qudc tg, tham gia cd ttach nhiem ttong cac hoat ddng da phuomg, ddng gdp cho phong ttao nhan dan khu vuc va thg gidi: cac doan thg va td chuc nhan dan ta nd luc, chu ddng hgi nhap qudc t l tten nhigu linh vye, ttt hda binh, doan ket, hCru nghi dgn kinh te, hgp tac nganh, nghg. Cac td chuc nay tieh cue ddng gdp nhidu kinh nghiem, sang kign mang tinh xay drag hda binh, hgp tac, phat ttign tai nhiiu diln dan, hdi nghi, hgi thao qudc te va khu vuc; ddng thdi, dang eai td chuc nhigu boat ddng da phuong tai Viet Nam, thg hign tdt vai ttd, vi thg eua td chuc trong co chg da phuang; xay dung nin tang qudn chung va ddng thuan xa hgi chg quan he gitta Viet Nam va cae qudc gia, cac dan tdc, kign tag va cung cd mdi trudng hda binh, tao dung hinh anh qudc t l cua nude ta, hinh thanh m^t tran nhan dan thg gidi rdng rai chua tttng cd dg doan kgt, ung hd nhan dan Viet Nam qua dd, gdp phan nang eao vi thg dat nude vdi ban be, ddi tac qudc tl. Nhiiu hdi nghi nganh, nghi da tich cue ttiln khai cac chuong trinh, hoat dgng nghign cuu, phat triln thi ttTtdng, td ehttc cac hgi thao chuygn nganh dl tham khao kinh nghigm qudc tg, nang cao nang luc chuygn mdn, nang lire canh tranh va hieu qua hoat ddng ciia cac thanh vign.
Dac biet, ttong bdi canh qudc tg hinh thanh cac lien kgt kinh tg mdi, nhu:
CPTPP, EVFTA... cac td chuc nay tich cue hoat ddng, tao digu kien, ca sd dg
Nha nude ta hoan tdt thu tuc dam phan, ky kgt va sdm cd higu lire thue hien.
Thti tu, tich cue boat ddng ttdn nhigu linh vuc, gdp phdn phat ttiln kinh tl - xa hdi vdi tang cudng qudc phdng, an ninh:
thdng qua hoat dgng ddi ngoai nhan dan, cae doan the, td ehttc nhan dan van ddng, ttanh thu dugc ngudn luc dang kg vat chat, tti thtte, sir hg trg cua ban be va cac ddi tac qudc tg. Ttt nam 1996 dgn nam 2017, tdng gia tti vien ttg phi chinh phu giai ngan eho Vigt Nam dat ttgn 4,1 ty USD,'" tap trung vao cac linh v\re uu tign ttong phat ttiln kinh tg, xda ddi, giam ngheo, khac phuc hau qua chiln tranh, phat triln co sd ha tang y te, giao due, giai quygt cac vdn dl x i hdi, bao vg mdi tnrdng va tai nguygn thign nhien, ciiu ttg khan cap, khdc phyc hau qua thign tai va tang cudng nang \\fe hdi nhap. Ddng hanh vdi cae nan nhan chat dgc da cam/di-d-xin, cac doan thi va td ehttc nhan dan kign tti cdng tac van ddng ban be, ddi tac ung hg nan nhan, xga diu noi dau da cam. Cdng tac thdng tin tuygn truyen ddi ngoai duge quan tam trign khai thdng qua cac san phdm, phuong tien truyin thdng va Idng ghep ttong nhigu boat ddng ddi ngoai nham gidi thieu vdi ban be qudc tl v l chu trucmg, ehinh sach ddi ndi, ddi ngoai cua ta va hinh anh ddt nude, con ngudi Vigt Nam; ddng thdi, gittp qudn chung nhan dSn va hgi vien tiep can thudng xuyen hon vdi thdng tm vl cac van dg ddi ngoai va boat ddng ddi ngoai cua td ehttc minh.
CHAU MY NGAY NAY 65 3. Mot so thach thtte va han che
Tuy nhign, thue tign cung cho thay boat dgng ddi nggai nhan dan cung bdc Id mgt sd bat cap, han che:
Mgt Id, ddi ngoai nhan dan la mgt bg phan eua mat ttan ngoai giao, nhung vige phdi hgp gitta ddi ngoai Dang, ngoai giao Nha nude vdi ddi ngoai nhan dan, va gitta cac CO quan lam ddi ngoai nhan dan chuyen trach nhu Lign higp cac td ehttc httu nghi Viet Nam vdi cac td ehttc chinh tti - xa hdi, cac doan thg khac vdn edn ban chg, thigu cu the va chua chat che, chua thue su phat huy duge vai ttd hau thuan cua ddi ngoai nhan dan va huy ddng dugc su tham gia rdng rai eua cac tang lop nhan dan. 6 cap Trung uong, Uy ban Trung uong Mat ttan Td qudc Viet Nam da ed sang kign ky kgt Chuang trinh phdi hgp cdng tac ddi ngoai nhan dan va cdng tac vdi ngudi Vigt Nam d nude ngoai vdi 5 td ehttc chinh tri - xa hdi, Lign higp cae td ehttc him nghi Viet Nam, Hdi lien lac nguai Vigt Nam d nude ngoai giai doan 2016-2019. Tuy nhign, viec trign khai co ban khdng dat dugc kit qua nhu muc dich, ygu cau eua Chuong ttinh phdi hgp. Ci cac dia phuang, cd bd phan, cd nai, cd luc cdn thu ddng trong viec nam tinh hinh, trign khai quan he, tham muu va de xuat vdi cdp uy va chinh quyen phdi hgp vdi cac td ehttc nhan dan khac ve nhttng van dg chung ctta cdng tac ddi ngoai nhan dan.
Hai la, cac td ehttc ddi ngoai nhan dan, nhdt la Hdi Lign hiep phu ntt Viet Nam, Tdng Lien doan lao ddng Viet Nam,
Trung uong Doan Thanh nien Cdng san Hd Chi Mmh, Hgi Ndng dan Vigt Nam, Lign hiep Cac hdi Khoa hgc va Ky thuat Viet Nam nhin chung cd quan he kha rdng vdi cac ddi tac d nhigu nude va vilng lanh tho tten thi gidi, nhung khdng cd nhigu ddi tac ed quy md va tam anh hudng ldn, mdi quan hg sau dg cd the hd ttg manh eho Vigt Nam trong viec van ddng, tap hgp lire lugng, tao dung tigng ndi cd sttc nang ddi vdi chinh phtt cac nude ttong cac van dg ma Vigt Nam can ttanh thu su ung hg manh me cua cdng ddng qudc tg nhu dan chu, nhan quyen, cdng nhan thi chg thi trudng, bao ve chu quygn, lanh thd d Bign Ddng...
Ba la, CO quan chuygn ttach lam cdng tac ddi ngoai nhan dan la Lign higp cac td chuc httu nghi Viet Nam cdn gap nhigu khd khan ttong hoat ddng, nhat la viec xac dinh rd vi tri, vai ttd cua Lign higp trong he thdng chinh tri cung nhu cac chg do, ehinh sach ddi vdi ddi ngu can bd. Nhigu td ehttc thanh vign cua Lign hiep cdn lung tttng ttong td ehttc va boat ddng, phuong thtte hoat ddng chua da dang va theo "ldi mdn" ngn chua thich nghi va dap iing dugc kip thdi xu thi phat ttien cua doi ngoai ndi chung va ngoai giao nhan dan ndi rieng cua Viet Nam va thi gidi. Md hinh to ehttc, co chi va diiu kien boat dgng cua Lien hiep d cac dia phuang chua that su thdng nhdt, do dd mgt sd nai chua phat huy dugc day dtt tigm nang cua Lign hiep tai dia phuang, din dgn hieu qua boat dgng ban chg, thiiu chu ddng.
66 CHAUMYNGAYNAY
Bgn la, cdng tac nghign ettu vl ddi ngoai nhan dan chua nhigu va chua sau, khdng kip thdi, thiiu toan dien va hg thdng. Thdng tin, tuyen truyin ddi ngoai cdn ban chg vg sd lugng va chdt lugng, chua dap ttng dugc ygu cdu. Cac bao, tap chi va cae kgnh thdng tin khac chuyen phuc vu ddi ngoai nhan dan khdng nhiiu, chu yiu van tap trung trong he thdng cua Lign higp cac td chuc httu nghi Vigt Nam d cap Trung uong va mdt sd Lign hiep d dia phuong ldn nhu Ha Ndi, Thanh phd Hd Chi Minh.
Hau hgt cac Lign hiep d dia phuang va cac td ehttc hdi huu nghi deu khdng cd cae an pham rigng,
Ndm Id, ngudn nhan lire, nhat la ddi ngu can bg chuygn ttach vg ddi ngoai nhan dan rat thigu. Hien nay Hgc vien Ngoai giao va cac trudng dai hgc dang dao tao kha nhigu sinh vign chuygn nganh quan hg qudc te, nhung khdng cd eg sd nao ed cac khda hgc va mdn hgc ve ddi nggai nhan dan. Da sd can bd ddi ngoai nhan dan cdn yiu ve chuygn mdn, nghigp vy. Trong cac td ehttc, ca quan lam cdng tac ddi ngoai nhan dan, viec tim dugc can bd thay thg nhung ngudi cao tudi, nghi huu gap nhigu khd khan.
Mat khac, ddi sdng khd khan cung gay ra hien tugng "chay mau chat xam", nhieu can bd cd nang luc tdt da chuygn cdng tac sang cac co quan khac hoac ra lam cho linh vuc tu nhan va cac td ehttc cua nude ngoai. Mdt sd can bg chuygn ttach phai lam cho nhieu hgi hflu nghi cung luc ngn chdt lugng cdng vige chua cao.
Sdu la, kinh phi boat ddng ddi ngoai nhan dan vdn ehu ygu stt dung ngan sach Nha nude, du da dugc tang qua cae nam nhung chua dap umg dugc so vdi ygu cau md rdng boat ddng va tang cudng, nang cao chat lugng. Cac td ehttc cung chua that su chu ddng tim kiim cac ngudn kinh phi ngoai ngan sach, xa hgi hda cac boat ddng cua minh ngn chua cai thign dugc khd khan ve kinh phi.
Bdy Id, vige van ddng, digu phdi va quan ly vign ttg phi chinh phu va cac td ehttc phi chinh phu nude ngoai boat ddng tai Viet Nam eiing cdn bat cap.
Nhiiu vung sau, vimg xa, vung dan tdc rat khd khan nhung chua nhan duoc hd trg ttt vign trg phi ehinh phu. Mdt sd td chuc phi chinh phu nude ngoai cd nhieu van de phtte tap, cd nhttng boat ddng vdi y do xau ve chinh tti, vi vay cd noi, cd luc phia Viet Nam van cdn so hd, thiiu sdt trong quan ly, anh hudng din higu qua stt dung vien ttg va chua bao dam chat che v l mat an ninh.
4. Mot so giai phap
Trudc tinh hinh thi gidi va khu vue tiep tuc dign bign phttc tap, khd ludng, ddi ngoai nhan dan can phat huy manh mS hom ntta tigm nang, giai quyit nhitag khd khan, ban che dg nang cao hieu qua boat ddng, cd thg dap ttng dugc yeu cdu ngay eang cao.
Vi tu duy vd cdch tiep cdn: sy nghiep giai phdng dan tgc, xay dyng va bao ve Td qudc ttong nhitag nam qua da
CHAU MY NGAY NAY 67 chimg mmh vai ttd va ddng gdp quan
ttgng cua ddi ngoai nhan dan. Trong tinh hinh hign nay, cdn tao diiu kign nhigu ban dl phat ttiln toan dien ddi ngoai nhan dan Viet Nam tuong xumg vdi vi tri va vai ttd cua minh; can cd cac chinh sach tuong thich va thda dang v l dau tu ngudn lye, chg do chinh sach, to ehttc bd may, nang cao nang lyc cua ddi ngu chuygn trach lam cdng tac ddi ngoai nhan dan. Phong each ngoai giao Hd Chi Minh hom bao gid hit can dugc hgc tap, phat huy va nhan rgng ttong lyc lugng lam ddi ngoai nhan dan.
- Vi luc lugng ddi ngggi nhdn ddn:
ddi ngoai nhan dan can cd lyc lugng tham gia rdng ldn va la su nghigp cua toan dan. Vi nhigu ly do, boat ddng ddi ngoai cua cac td ehttc ehinh tri " xa hgi, cac hgi nghg nghigp, vige huy dgng cac nhan vat noi tigng, doanh nhan, cac nhan sy yeu nude, cac hgc gia... chua khai thac dugc tilm nSng. Trong khi dd cac lyc lugng chuyen trach cung gap ban chg, khd khan v l ngudn lyc, can xay dung eo chg, chinh sach de huy ddng lyc lugng tham gia doi ngoai nhan dan, khdng ehi dttng lai d cac td ehttc, ma cdn thu hut cac ca nhan cd nhiet huygt va anh hudng ttong xa hdi, cgng ddng ngudi Vigt Nam d nude ngoai tham gia.
- Ve ddo tgg dpi ngU lam cong tdc ddi ngogi nhdn ddn: dl nang cao hieu qua cdng tac ddi ngoai nhan dan, can sdm td ehttc cac chuong ttinh dao tao chuygn sau cho lyc lugng lam viec d linh vye nay, d ca Trung uong va dia phuong;
bdi dudng kign thtte ddi ngoai nhan dan cho cac nha ngoai giao chuyen nghigp.'^
Hoat dgng nay nham trang W cho nhitag ngudi lam cdng tac ddi ngoai nhan dan ban ITnh chinh tri vttng vang, dao dtte va pham chat tdt, y thtte td ehttc, ky luat cao, kign thtte va chuygn mdn, nghigp vy sau rdng, dap iing dugc yeu cau ngay cang cao cua nhiem vy dugc giao.
Ve cong tdc nghien ciru'. ttong bdi canh toan cau hda manh me va hdi nhap qudc tg sau rdng, vai ttd cua cac chtt the phi nha nude ngay cang ldn va cd tac ddng ngay cang tang trong qua trinh hoach dinh chinh sach ddi ngoai eua cac qudc gia, can tang cudng viec nghign eihi ddi ngoai nhan dan theo hudng chuygn sau, chu trgng va ddi tugng phu hgp, ttt dd cd thi gdp phan dg xuat, kign nghi cac ehu truong, bign phap tuong ttng dg xay dyng va md rdng quan he hgp tac cung nhu ddi mdi ndi dung, phuomg thtte boat dgng, nang cao higu qua cdng tac ddi ngoai nhan dan.
Vi phdi htyp giua cdc ca quan, td chitc Idm cdng tdc ddi ngogi: ngoai giao nhan dan can tang cudng phdi hop chat che ban nua vdi ddi ngoai cua Dang va ngoai giao ctta Nha nude. Ngoai viec phan vai, phan vice ro rang giua ba luc lugng ddi nggai chinh nay thi can phai xay dyng mdt eg che minh bach dg ttanh bi chdng cheo trong cdng viec, ddng thdi khdng bd sdt va cd thi hd ttg tdt nhdt cho nhau. c a c td ehttc chinh tri - xa hdi, cac doan thi nhan dan lam cdng tac ddi ngoai cdn cd hinh thtte thich hgp de
68 S 6 08-2019 THAU MY NGAY NAY ket hap hoat dgng, bo sung cho nhau,
han che toi da cac to chuc khac nhau thue hien hoat dong doi ngoai a cung mot dia ban vai muc dich tuang tu nhau, gay lang phi nguon lire.
Ket luan
Trong thai ky dat nuac hpi nhap sau rong vai the giai, hoat dong va quan he doi ngoai nhan dan ngay cang ma rong a tit ca cac cap, cac ITnh vuc vai cac hinh thurc da dang, ket n6i ngay cang true tiip vai qu6c te. Ben canh do, chinh phu mot s6 nuac va cae the lire chong pha Viet Nam tang cuang quan tam, dau tu, loi dung kenh d6i ngoai nhan dan de gia tang cac hoat dong xuyen tac, kieh dgng, chdng pha Viet Nam thong qua van d6 dan chu, nhan quyen, dan tgc, ton giao. Vi vay, cong tac doi ngoai nhan dan cang co vi tri, vai tro quan trong trong viec tham gia thirc hien ducmg loi, chinh sach doi ngoai chung, gop phan vao viec tao moi trucmg quoc te thuan lai cho sir phat trien ciia dat nuofc, bao ve dgc lap, chu quyen va toan ven lanh th6, eiing co hinh anh, vi the ciia Viet Nam, gop phan vao sir nghiep xay dimg va bao ve To qu6c.*^
Trong thai gian tai, cong tac doi ngo^ nhan dan chn tiep tuc bam sat cac muc tieu ca ban nhu: tranh thii ngufin lire nudfc ngoai de thiic day phat triSn kinh ti - xa hoi; gop phan dau tranh, bao ve chii quyen; tap hgp, doan ket nguai Viet Nam a nuac ngoai huang ve To qu6c; noi len tieng noi eiia nhan dan de
dau tranh, chdng lai cae luan dieu sai trai...'"* Cac muc tieu neu tren chi co the dugc thirc hien thanh cong khi cac ca quan, t6 chijrc trong mat tran doi ngoai noi chung va cac ca quan lam cong tac doi ngoai nhan din noi rieng co the tridn khai ddng bg va hieu qua cac nhom giai phap da dugc de xuat d tren •
Chu thich:
1,2.4. Hoang Binh Quan, "C6ng tic doi ngoai nhan dan g6p phSn thirc hien thang lgi Nghi quy^t B^i hoi XI ciia Dang", http://www.tapchicongsan.
org.vn/Home/Quan-triet-thuc-hien-nghi-quyet-da i-hoi-dang-XI/NDi-dung-co-ban-van-kien/2011/
12516/Cong-tac-doi-ngoai-nhan-dan-gop-phan- thuc-hien-thang-loi.aspx
3. TrSn DSc Lpi, "D6i mdi, nSng cao hi?u qua cong tac d6i ngo^i nhan dan trong thoi ky moi," tniy cap tai http://mattran.org.vn/Home/Tapchi/so%
; 2b73/dnnd.htm
5,6. Le Xuan Khanh, "Ting cirfmg cong tac d6i ngoai nhSn dan trong tinh hinh moi," truy c|p t^i http://tapchiqptd.vn/vi/dua-nghi-quyet-cua-dang- vao-cuoc-song/tang-cuong-cong-tac-doi-ngoai- nhan-dan-trong-tinh-hinh-moi/8931 .html 7. Don Tuan Phong, "Doi ngoai nhSn dSn dong g6p
tich cue vk hieu qua vao cac hoat dpng doi ngo^i Dang v^ Ngo?i giao Nhi nude" truy c$p t?i http://vi.dnnd.vn/2018/08/16/doi-ngoai-nhan-dan -dong-gop-tich-cuc-va-hieu-qua-vao-cac-hoat- dong-doi-ngoai-dang-va-ngoai-giao-nha-nuoc/
8. Thu Lan, "Tiep tuc thiic day, nSng cao hi?u qui c6ng tic doi ngoai nhan dan," truy c?p t^i http://dangcongsan.vn/thoi-su/tie-p-tu-c-thu-c-da -y-nang-cao-hie-u-qua-cong-ta-c-do-i-ngoa-i-nha n-dan-511146.html
9,11. Vu Xuin H^ng, "D6i ngo^ii nhin din gop p h ^ quan trong cho su nghiep doi moi, phit Iriln dit nuac va bio ve T6 qu6c," truy c|p t^i htq)://dangcongsan.vn/thoi-su/doi-ngoai-nhan-dan -gop-phan-quan-trong-cho-su-nghiep-doi-moi-pha t-trien-dat-nuoc-va-bao-ve-to-quoc-368981.html 1 O.Thanh The, "Vi?t Nam thu hut hon 4,1 tJ USD
vi$n trg nude ngoai trong 20 nam qua", Nhin dan Di?n tii, 2/7/2018 truy cap t^i https://www.nhandan.com.vn/kinhte/item/36879 802-viet-nam-thu-hut-hon-4-1 -ty-usd-vien-tro- nuoc-ngoai-trong-hon-20-nam-qua.html 12,13.D6n Tuan Phong, "Doi ngo^i nhan dan trong
tinh hlnh mdi," truy cap i^i http://baoquocte.vn/doi-ngoai-nhan-dan-trong- tinh-hinh-moi-76139.html
