No 15_Mar2020Sd 15-Thang 3 nSm2020lp 42-48
T A P CHI K H O A H O C D A I H O C T A N T R A O ISSN 2 3 5 4 - 1 4 3 1 htlp tckli daihocianirao edu.\m/
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Giai phap doi moi phirotig phap day hoc theo hirong phat trien nang lyc ngiroi hoc 6" cac truong dai hoc
Trdn Mmh Hdng"' TrtfdngDgi hgc Tdn Trdo Email: tranmmhhangcdtqf&gmaii-com
T h o n g tin b a i viet
I^S^ nhgn bdi.
19 12 2019 Ngdv duvet ddng 10/3/2020 Tir khda:
Doi mdi phirong phdp day hpc: phdt Inen ndng lire, phircnig phdp dav hoc hi^n dgi.
T o m t a t
Ddi mdi phuong phdp dgy hpc theo hudng phal tndn ndng lyc Id nham myc dich hinh Ihanh ndng tyc hanh dpng. phat huy Unh chii dpng, sang tgo cua ngudi hpc, lit dd nang cap chat lupng da> hpc yong nha yudng Bai viet de cap tdi cac ndi dung khdi nidm ndng lyc, da\ hoc iheo hudng phal Uien ndng tyc, doi mdi phucmg phdp dgy hpc theo huong phal Inen ndng lyc va giai phap dpi mdi phucmg phdp dgy hpc theo hucmg phal Uien ndng luc d cac Uvdng dgi hpc.
1. Dat van dc
Nghi quyet Hpi nghi Trung uong 8 khda XI •ve ddi mdi edn ban, loan didn giao dye vd ddo tgo neu rd
"Tidp luc ddi mdi manh md phucmg phap day va hpc theo hudng hidn dai, phal huy tinh Uch cue, chu dpng, sang lao va van dung kidn ihiic, k^ ndng cua ngudi hpc, khdc phuc tdi truyen thu ap dat mdt chieu. ghi nhd may mdc. Tap Irung day each hec, each nghT, ktiuydn khich ty hoc, tao co so dc ngudi hoc lu cap nhat va ddi mdi Ui ihuc, ky nang. phdi Uien ndng luc Chuvdn tir hoc chu \ eu Uen tdp sang td chirc hinh thiic hpc lap da dang, chu \ cac hpal dpng xa hdi. ngpai khoa, nghidn eim khoa hoc Day manh ling dung cdng nghe Uidng tin \ a Iruydn thdng yong day va hoc'" Be thue hidn lot muc Ueu ve ddi mdi cdn bdn, loan didn GD&DT theo Nghi quyet so 29"NQn"W, cac Trudng Dai hpc can ed nhan thiic dimg vd ban chal ciia ddi mdi phuong phap da\ hpc iheo dinh hudng phdt tnen ndng Iuc ngudi hoc \ a mpt sd bidn phap ddi mdi phucmg phap dav hpc theo hudng nay Bai vidt dd cap tai ndng luc \ a ddi mdi phuong phap day hoc theo
hudng phdi Uien ndng luc ngudi hpc hudng phdt trien ndng luc ngudi hpc d cac Irudng Dgi hpc
2. .N'oi dung 2.1. Khdi niem ndng life
Cd rat nhieu dinh nghTa ve ndng tyc, Denysc Trembtay cho rdng ndng luc la "kha nang hanh ddng, thanh cong va lien bd dua vao vide huy dpng va sii dung hieu qua long hpp cdc ngudn luc de doi mdt vdi cdc linh hudng Irong cudc s d n g " [10, tr 5] F E Weinen. nang luc la "tdng hop cac khd nang vd kT ndng san cd hoac hoc dupc cung nhu su sin sang ciia HS nhim giai quyet nhihig vin dd nay smh vd hanh ddng mdt each co ydch nhiem, cd su phd phan de di den gidi phdp " [ 11, ir 25]
Howard Gardner cua Dai hoc Harvard (My) dd phan tich 8 linh \iic tri ndng cua con ngudi, bao gom ngdn ngO, logic-todn hoc, am nhgc, khdng gian, van dpng co Uid, giao tiep. tu nhan ihuc, hudng tdi thien nhien Ong cho rdng, con ngudi deu phai kel hop nhieu iTnh \'yc Ui ndng cd tidn quan vdi nhau
TM-Hang No 15.
dc Cling giai quyel mpt van de (problem) - cd thyc yong cupe song ehu khdng the chi huy ddng duy nhat mpt mdi In ndng nao dd de giai quyel. Ndng lyc ca nhan ciia mdi ngucn dupc Igo thdnh chinh tir su kel hpp cdc ITnh \ v c yi nang dd Qugn diem cua Gardner [8] va Nusche [9] ve nang luc thdng nhal vdi cac lac gia yen rdng nang tyc phai duoc the hien thdng qua hoal dpng. bdng hoal ddng cd kel qua (perfonnance) va qua dd cd thd danh gia hoac do dgc dupc
Ddng Thdnh Hung chp rdng "Ndng luc Id thudc linh ca nhan cho phep ca nhan Ihyc hidn ihanh cdng hogt dpng nhJi dinh, dat kel qua mong muon Irong nliQng dieu kidn cu the " [2] Theo each hieu nay Ddng Thanh Hung cpi ndng lyc la ddc didm, phim chal hodc ihupc Unh cua con ngudi han coi no la mdi hogt dpng I>)hung ddc diem Id mpl tii qua chung chung Gitta hai thuat ngQ edn lai la thupc Itnli va pham chal thi thugl ngit thupc linh khdng ndi len dupc ban chat xd hpi ciia ndng lyc, vi thupc tinh ypng tieng Vipt dupe hieu la "ddc linh von cd cua mpt sy vgl, nhd dd sy vai ton Igi, vd qug dd, con ngudi nhan thirc dupc sy vdi, phan biel dupc sy vgl ndy vdi sy vgl khdc", vi d y Mau sdc la thupc tinh ciia mpl vgl the Trong khi dd, ndng lyc la cai "cd thd phat tnen yen co sd ndng khieu (ddc diem smh ti ciia con ngudi, tmdc het Id ciia he than kinh trung uong), song khdng phai la bam smh. ma la ket qua phal tndn cua xd hpi va cua con ngudi (ddi song xa hdi, sy giao dye vd ren luyen. hoal ddng ciia ca nhan)" [1]
Trong chuang trinh Giao due Plid Uidng long Uid, ndng luc duoc quan nidm "Nang tuc la thudc tinh ca nhan dupc hinh thanh, phal yidn nhd to chal san cd
\'a qua yinh hoc tap, ren luyen, cho phep con ngudi huy dpng long hop cac kien thiic, ky nang \ a cac tliupc tinh ca nhan khac nhu hung thu, mem Im, y chi, ihuc hten thanh cdng mpl loai hoat dong nhat dinli. dai kel qud mong muon yong nhifng dieu kidn cy thd Theo dd ndng tuc la su ket hpp giGa IP chdt sdn cd va qua yinh hpc lap. ren tuyen cua ngudi hoe;
Ndng luc la sy tich hop cua kien Unic. kT ndng va cac Uiude linh ca nhan khac nhu hiing thii, niem Im, y chi (nia ngudi lipc cd duoc nhd qua trinh hoc lap, ren luydn), p i n iheo 4], [5], [7]; Ndng luc duac hinh Uianh. phat Uien thdng qua hoat ddng va the hien d sy Uianh cdng ypng hoal ddng Ihuc tidn (la cdi cd the quan sat, do ludng) Tir nhihig quan mem yen chung ta Uiay rdng ndng lyc dil la to chat cd sdn hay id su
Mar 2020|p 42-48
kel hop cua nhieu yeu to thi dieu quan trpng la nd chi dupc bieu hien, duoc cdng nhan khi con ngudi \an dyng nd de giai quydl hay thue hidn mpt van de, nhiem \TI nap dd Uong cdng \'idc, cupe song, luc phai gan lien vdi thue hen [6].
Trong nghien ciiu na> tir Mdc nghien ciiu qugn mdm ndng Iuc cug cac nha khoa hpc di yudc chiing tdi quan mdm Ndng luc Id ket qud cua qud trinh gido due, ren luyen cua cd nhdn. the hifn d nhung hen thdc, kT ndng vd thai dp phii hgp de cd nhdn co ihe tham gia hiiu qud vdo mpl iTnh vuc hogt dgng nhal dmh.
Nhu vay. d gdc dp nay, ngudi cd ndng lyc a ITnh xTjc ndo thi nhat dmh phai cd In ihirc kT ndng kT xao yong ITnh \ u c ay. cd thai do Uch eye dd vgn dyng Ui ihiic kl ndng hieu qua vdo cac hogl dpng, Tuy ntiifin cd yi thtic, kT ndng chua thd khdng dyih cd nhdn cd ndng tyc hay khdng, hm tn thue kT ndng ay chua chdc da dupc hien thyc hda Irong hogt dpng Vgy ndng luc dudi gdc dp giao dye hpc dupc the hidn d kel qua hoal ddng ciia ca nhan, kha ndng vgn dyng tri ihuc, kT ndng de iham gia cd hidu qua yong mpt ITnh vuc hoal ddng nhal dinh
2.2. Dgy hoc theo hudng phdt trien ndng luc Dac diem quan ypng nhal cua dgy hoc phat trien ndng iuc Id do dupc "ndng tyc" cua ngudi hpc, ngudi hpc the hien su lien bp bdng each chung minh ndng lyc ciia minh, dicu dd cd nghTa la ngudi hpc phai chirng mmh mire dp lam chii/nim vihig kien thiic va ky nang (dupc gpi la ndng tuc) yong mpl mdn hpc cu the, eho dii mat bao tau Mac dii cac md hinh hpc truyen thong van cd the do tudng dupc ndng lyc, nhung chiing phdi dua vao Uidi gian, cdc mon hpc duoc sip xep Uieo timg ki hpc. nam hpc Vi vgy, yong khi hiu het cac yudng hoc tmyen thong deu cp dmh ihdi gian hoc tap (theo nSm hoc) thi day hoc phal men nang tuc lai cho phep chiing la gitt nguyen viee hoc va dd Uidi gian thay ddi hpc [3] Day hoc dua tren phat tnen ndng luc tdt hon cho phep mpi ngudi hoc hoc tap, nghidn cuu theo toe dp cua ndng minh, dieu nay eung giiip sinh vidn thich ling vdi nhUng thay ddi ciia cudc song yong tuong lai D P I vdi mdt so sinh vidn, day hpc phat tnen ndng tyc cho ptiep day nhanh loc dd hoan thanh chuong yinh hpc, tict kiem thai gian va cdng siic ciia vide hoc tap [5]
Nhu \'ay theo chiing loi day hpc iheo hudng phdt tnen ndng luc Id phdt trien nang luc hdnh dpng
TMHang No 15_Mdr :it;tfp 42-48 cho ngirdi hpc. lire Id vice thirc hifn cd trdch nhi^m
va hicu qud cdc hdnh dgng, gidi quyel cdc nhi^m \ii.
cdc vdn de trong nhimg linh hudng klidc nhau tren CO sd hieu biet, k\' xdo vd hnh nghiem ciing nhu su sdn sdng hdnh ddng Gidng vien phdi cd phirang phdp dgy hgc lay ngirdi hpc ldm Imng ldm. phdi khen gpi dirge niem dam me ciia ngirdi hoc vd ddc biet phdi lao dieu kifn "hpc di ddi vdi hdnh" de ngudi hpc van dung hen ihuc. K ndng. thai do md minh iTnh hpi dugc vdo gidi quvet cdc linh hudng Ihuc lien. Tu dd nang luc ngudi hoc can dat la ca sd dd xac dinh cac muc lieu, ndi dung, hoal ddng. phucmg phap day hpc ma ngudi day can phai cSn cir vao dd de lien hanh cac hoal ddng giang day va giao dye ( tay ngudi hpc lam Uung tam), chuang Irinh day hoc theo hudng phal yidn ndng la day hpc dmh hudng ket qua dau ra. chii trpng ndng tyc vgn dung tri thirc vgp thyc udn Vd de ihuc hien dieu ndy, mdi ca sd dao Igo can nhanh chdng thoai khoi md hinh giao due iruyen ihong, chuyen lii vice yang b | kien thirc sang phal tnen loan didn pham chgl va ndng luc ngudi hpc NghTa la phai thay ddi quan didm, muc lidu dgy hoc- lir chd chi quan lam idi vide ngudi hoc hpc dupc gi den chd quan tam tdi vide ngudi hpc lam dupc cai gi qua vide hpe,
2.3. Ddi mdi phuong phdp dgy hoc theo hudng phdt trien ndng luc ngudi hgc
Qua tdng hpp cac nghien ciru theo chimg tdi ddi mdi phirang phdp dgy hpc theo dinh hirdng phdt tnen ndng lire ngtrdi hgc la ihirc hi^n dgy hgc phu hop vdi lien Irinh nhgn ihirc ciia ngudi hpc (di tir cu the den trim tirong, tir de den khd); Qudn Inel linh than "lay ngirdi hpc lain imng ldm ", chii y nhu cau, ndng lire nhdn ihuc. cdch thirc hgc tap khdc nhau ciia tirng cd nhdn nguin hpc; To chirc qud trinh dgy hoc theo hirdng hen tgo. trong do ngirdi hoc dirge tham gia tim loi. phal hien. suy ludn gidi quyel vdn de. Linh hogt trong vi^c vdn dung cdc phucmg phdp, kT thugl dgy hoc tich cue. kel hgp nhudn nhuyen, sdng tao vdi viec vdn dung cdc phirang phdp. kT thugl dgy hgc In/ven thong; Ket hgp cdc hogl dgng dgy hpc Irong Igp hpc vdi hogl ddng thue hdnh irdi nghiem, vdn dung hen thirc lodn hgc vdo ihuc uen .
Qua ngluen ciru thue tien Upng day hpc tmyen thdng giang vidn la ngudi huyen Uiu Ui thirc, ngudi hoc uep Uiu nhQng tn thiic duoc quy dinh sdn Ngudi hpc cd phan "ihu dpng". it phan bien, giao dn thudng
duoc Unci kc Uieo trinh ty dudng thdng, chung cho ca top, nguoi hpc kho co didu kidn tim tdi bcri kien Unic da duoc cd sin Uong sach, giang vien sir dyng nhieu phuong phap day hoc truyen ihdng (thuyet trinh, hucmg dan ihyc hanh, tryc quan ..) Trong dgy boc theo hucmg phat Uien nang lyc ngudi hpc. giang Mdn chu ydu la ngudi lo chirc, hd trp y d chiem ITnh in thue; chii trong phdt Uien khd ndng giai quydl vin dd ciia trd. C P I trpng cac td chiic hogt dpng, Ud chii ddng iham gig cac hogl ddng Coi trpng hudng ddn yd tu Um tdi, gido dn dupc thiel kc phan nhanh. co su phdn hdg theo yinh dp va ndng luc. ngucn hoc co nhieu eo hdi dupc bay td y kien, tham gia phan bien, giao vidn su dung nhieu phucmg phap dgy hpc tich cue (giai quyel van de, lu phat hien. yai nghiem ) kel hop phuong phap dgy hpc Uuyen thong [6],
Qua phan so sanh \d phuong phap dgy hoc tiuydn thdng vd dgy hpc phdt yien nSng luc ngudi hpc cho thay, ddc diem co ban ciia dgy hpc phal Uien ndng luc la lay ngudi hpc lam trung tam, sir dyng cac phuong phap day hoc lich cyc ket hop truyen tliong, giang Men chii yeu gid vai y d dan ddt. Id chirc, trd chii dpng Tir dd phal huy loi da ndng lyc giai quyet van dd, ndng lyc sang tgo va ly hpc ciia smh vien Cdn day hpc theo Uep cgn npi dung Ihi thay Id trung lam, su dung nhicu phuong phap dgy hpc Iruyen thong Ddc bidt, loi soan giiio an theo phong cdch truyen thong la chi sogn tirng budc theo trinh ly ki^n ihuc (theo dudng Ihdng, chi soan cho mpl dang dpi tucmg khdng phii hop vdi day hpc theo ndng luc la can phdn nhdnh, phan toai trinh dp cho doi lupng sinh vien khac nhau
Tuy nhien uu diem cvia day hpc theo hudng phat Inen ndng lyc la tao dieu kien quan ly chat lui^ng thep ket qua dau ra da quy djnh, nhin manh ndng lyc van dung cua sinh vidn Nhung neu van dyng mpl each thien tech. khdng chu y day du den npi dung hoc thi cd thd dan den eac Id hong tn thue co ban vd tinh he thdng cug tri thiic Ngodi rg dang luu y, chat tuong giao due khdng chi thue hidn d ket qua dau ra ma cdn phu Uiudc qua trinh thyc hien
2.4. Mgt so gidi phdp doi m&i phuong phdp day hoc theo hudng tiip can ndng luc nguoi hgc d cdc trudng dgi bgc
Qua nghien ctiu ly luan va thyc tidn ve van de doi mdi phuong phap dgy hoc theo hudng iiep can ndng
TMJiangrio \5_
tyc ngucn hpc lir nhieu nghidn ciiu ciig cac nhd khoa hpc, chung tdi de xual mpt so giai phap sau
2.4.1 Cdi Hen cdc phirang phdp dgy hpc tntyen thdng Doi mm phuong phdp day hoc khdng cd nghia la logi bd cac phucmg phap dgy hpc Imyen thong nhu thuyet Irinh, dam Uiogi, luydn tap ma can bdt dau bing viec cai lien de nang cao hidu qua va han che nhupc diem ciia chiing Dd nang cao hieu qua cua cac phuong phap day hpc nay ngudi giang vien yudc het can ndm \'ihig nhihig ydu cau va sir dyng thanh Ihao cdc ky thual cua chiing yong vide chuin bi cung nhu tien hanh bai ten top, ky thuat ddi cac cau hdi vg xii ty cac cau tra tdi trpng ddm thoai, hay ky thugl lam mlu Irong luydn lap Tuy nhien, cac phucmg phap dgy hpc truyen thong cd nhifng hgn che lit yeu, vl the ben cgnh cac phucmg phap day hpc iruyen tlipng can kel hop sii dyng cac phuong phap day hpc mdi, cd the tdng cudng tinh lich cyc nhgn thirc ciia ngudi hpc ypng thuyet trinh, dam Uipyi Uico quan diem day hpe giai quyet van de
2 4.2 Kel hgp da dang cdc phirang phdp dgy hpc Viec phoi hpp da dgng eac phuong phap va hinh thirc day hpc trong loan bp qua yinh day hpc la phuong hudng quan trpng de phal huy linh tich cyc va nSng cao chal lupng dgy hpc. Dgy hpc loan Idp, dgy hpc nhdm, nhdm ddi va dgy hpc ca the la nJiCng hinh thirc xd hpi cua dgy hpc cin ket hap vdi nhau, mdi mpl hinh thiic cd nhiing chiic ndng neng Tinh ygng dpc tdn ciia day hpc Ipan idp va sy Igm dyng phucmg phap ihuyet trinh can dupc khac phyc, dde bidl thdng qua lam vide nhdm Trpng thyc lien day hpc d dgi hpc hidn nay, giang vidn da cai lien bai len Idp iheo hucmg kel ht?p thuyet trinh ciia giang vidn vdi hinh thirc tam vice nhdm, gdp phan lich cyc hoa hoal dpng nhan thirc cuj smh vien Tuy nhien hinh lliiic tam viec nhdm rgl da dgng, khdng chi gidi han d viec gidi quyet cac nhidm vu hpc lap nhd xen ke Irong bai thuyet trinh, ma edn cd nhO'ng hinh Uiirc lam viec nhdm giai quyel nhOng nhiem vy phirc hpp, cd ihd chiem mpl hodc nhieu Uel hpc, sir dyng nhihig phuong phap ehuydn biet nhu phucmg phap ddng vai, nghien eim Irudng hpp, dy an Mdt khac, viec bd sung day hoc tpan tdp bdng lam MCC nhdm xen kd Irong mdt Uel hoc mdi chi cho Uiay rd vide Uch cue hoa "bdn ngoai" cua ngudi hoc Muon dam bao vide U'ch cue hoa "bdn Uong" can chii y den mdt bdn ypng ciia phuong phap day hpc.
i_Mar2020!p 42-18
van dung day hpc giai quyet van de VJ cdc phuong phap day hpc tich cue khac
2 4.3. I 'dn dung dgy hpc gidi quyel vdn de Day hoc giai quyel van de ida\ hgc neu vdn de.
dgy hoc nhgn biel vd gidi quyel vdn de) Id quan diem day hoc nham phat tnen ndng luc lu duy, kha ndng nhan biet \ a giai q m c l vin de Hpc dupc ddi yong mpt tinh huong cd van de, dd la Unh huong chiia dyng mau thuan nhan thiic, thdng qua viec gtai quyel van de, giup hoc sinh ITnh hdi yi thue, k-y ndng vd phuong phap nhgn ihiic Day hoc giai quyet van de la con dudng CO ban dc phdt huy Unh tich cue nhgn thirc ciig ngudi hpc, cd Uid dp dyng yong nhieu hinh thirc dgy hoc vcn nhihig miic dp tu lye khac nhgu ciig sinh vidn Cdc tinh hudng cd van dd la nhihig Unh huong khoa hoc chuyen mdn, ciing cd thd la nhihig linh huong gdn vdi thyc lien Trong Uiyc Udn day hoc hidn nay, dgy hoc giai quyel vgn de thudng chu y den nhihig van de khoa hpc chuyen mdn ma il chu y hon den cae van de gdn vol thyc udn Tuy nhidn neu chi chii trpng vice gidl quyet cdc van de nhan ihirc Uong khoa hpc chuyen mdn thi sinh vidn van chua dupc chuin bi tot cho viec giai quyet cac Unh huong thyc tidn Vi vgy ben canh day hpc giai quyet van de, ly lugn day hoc cdn xay dyng quan diem dgy hoc theo tinh huong
2.4 4 Van dung dgy hpc theo linh huong Dgy hpc theo linh hudng Id mpt qugn diem dgy hpe. Uong dd \'idc day hpc dupc I P chiic theo mpl chii de phirc hpp gdn vdi cac Unh huong ihyc tien cupe sdng va nghe nghidp Qua trinh hpc tap dupc id chitc trong mpl mdi Irudng hpc tap tao dieu kien cho ngudi hpc kien lao In Ihiic theo ca nhan vd yong moi tucmg lac xa hdi ciia viec hoc tap. Cac chu de day hpc phuc hpp la nhO'ng chii dd cd ndi dung tidn quan den nhieu mdn hoc hoac ITnh \'uc In thirc tdiac nhau, gdn vdi Uiuc ticn Trong nha yudng. cac mdn hpc dupc phdn theo cdc mdn khog hoc ehuydn mdn, cdn cupe song thi ludn dien ra Uong nhimg mdi quan he phirc hpp. Vi
\-ay sir dung cac chii de dgj' hpc phiic hpp gdp phin khdc phuc tinh yang xa rdi ihuc Udn ciia cdc mdn khoa hpc ehuyen mdn, ren tuydn cho sinh vidn ndng luc giai quyet cac van de phiic hop, hen mdn Phucmg phap nghien ciiu hudng hop ta mpl phuong phap dgy hoc dien hinh ciia day hoc theo linh huong, Irong dd ngudi hoc tu luc giai quyet mpt linh huong dien hinh, gin vdi thue Uen thdng qua tam vide nhdm Van dyng day hoc thep cdc tinh hudng gan vdi ihuc hen ta con
TMHang N'o 15_Mar20:u[p 42-48 dudng quan ypng de gdn \idc dao lao uong nha
Irudng vm ihuc tidn ddi song, gdp phan khac phuc tinh trgng giao due han ldm, xg rdi ihuc lien hidn nav Tuy nhidn. neu cdc linh huong ducrc dua vao day hoc la nhihig Unh huong md phdng lai. thi chua phai tinh hudng thyc Neu ctu giai quyet cac van de yong phdng hoc l\' thu\ct thi sinh Men cung chua cd hpal ddng thue tien thyc su. chua cd su kel hop giita ly ihuyet va thue hanh
2 4.5. i'dn dung dgy hpc dmh huang hdnh dpng Day hpc dinh hudng hanh ddng la quan didm day hoc nhdm lam cho hoat dpng Iri dc va hoal ddng chan tay kel hcTp chdt ch£ voi nhau Trpng qua Uinh hpc tgp, sinh vien thyc hidn cac nhidm \u hoe tap va hoan thanh cac san pham hanh ddng, cd su kel hop tmh hoat giiJa hogl ddng tri tud \ a hogt ddng tay chan Day la mpl quan dicm da\ hpc lich cyc hpa \'a tiep cgn lodn thd Van dung day hoe dinh hudng hanh ddng cd y nghTa quan trong cho vide thyc hien nguyen ly giao dye kel hpp ly thuyet vdi thyc Udn, lu duy va hanh dpng, nha Uudng va xd hpi Day hoc theo du an Id mdi hinh Uiirc dicn hinh ciia day hpc dmh hucmg hanh dpng, Uong dd sinh vidn lu tuc ihuc hidn Irong nhdm mpl nhidm vu hoc igp phiic hpp, gdn \'di cac van dd ihyc lien, ket hctp ly ihuyet vd thyc hdnh, cd tgo ra cdc san pham cd the cdng bo Trong dgy hpe thep dy Jn cd the vgn dyng nhieu ly Ihuyel vd quan diem day hoc hien dgi nhu ly thuyet kien tgo, da\ hpc dinh hucmg, dgy hpc hop ldc, dgy hpc lich hop, day hpc khdm pha, sang lao, day hpe theo linh hudng va day hpc dinh hudng hanh dpng
2.4 6. Tdng cudng sir dung phuong lien day hgc va cdng nghe ihdng tin hgp ly bd tra day hoc
Phucmg lien dav hoc cd vai trd quan trong yong vice ddi mdi phuong phap day hpc Uieo hudng phat tnen ndng luc ngudi hoc, nham lang cudng Unh true quan \z Uii nghiem. thyc hanh yong day hoc Hien nay, vide yang bi cac phuong Udn day hoc mdi cho cac Uudng dai hoc da duoc chii ypng, tuy nhidn cac phuong udn day hpc tu lam ciia giang vidn ludn cd y ngliTa quan Uong. can duoc phat huy Da phuong Uen va cdng nghd thdng Un Mia la npi dung day hoc \Tja la phuong tien da\ hoc Uong day hoc hien dai Bdn canh vice su dung da phucmg Udn nhu mdi phucmg Uen yinh dien. can tdng cudng sir dung cac phan mdm day hoc cflng nhu cac phuong phap day hoc sy dung mang didn lu (E-Learnmg). mang trudng hoc ket ndi.
Trudng hoc \aniBigSchool) Dong thdi, nha yudng can dau tu co sd vat chat k-y thugl nhu phdng hpc, may chieu, phdng thue hanh day dii trang thiet b | de gnip edng tac giang day theo cac phucmg phap lich cue dai hieu qua cao Dong thdi cin dau tu co so dit lieu phyc
\-u cdng tac nghien cuu, hpc tap eua giang vidn va sinh vidn bdi vcii phuong phap giang dgy theo huong phat tndn nang luc ngudi hpc ddi hdi sinh \ len phai chii ddng lim idi, ngtiidn cuu lai Ueu Vi \ay. nha trudng can xav dung lai lidu hpe tap md, cgp nhgt giao Irinh, tai lidu mdi va da dgng cac ngudn tim kiem
2.4 7. Sir dung cdc ky thugl dgy hpc phal huy linh lich cue vd sdng tgo
K> thugl dgy hpc Id nhihig each ihirc hanh dpng ciia ciia giang vien va smh vidn trong cac Unh huong hanh ddng nhd nhdm thyc hien vd didu khicn qua trinh da\ hoc Cac ky thuat dgy hpc la nhihig don vj nhd nhit cua phuong phap dgy hpc Cd nhihig ky Uiugl dgy hoc chung, cd nhiing ky ihual ddc thfl cua limg phucmg phap dgy hpe, vi du ky Ihugt dat cau hdi Uong dam ihoai Ngdy nay gidng \idii cin chii trpng phdt Inen vd su dung cdc ky thugl dgy hpc phat huy linh tich cyc, sdng tgo cua ngucn hpc nhu "dpng ndo", "tia chcjp", "be ca", ban dd tu duy, ky thugl khdn trdi bdn..
2 4.8 Chit trpng cdc phirong phdp dgy hpc ddc thii bg mdn
Phucmg phap dgy hpc cd moi qugn hd bidn chiing vdi npi dung dgy hpc, vide sir dyng cdc phuong phdp day hoc ddc thii cd vai trd quan trpng trong dgy hpc bp mdn Cac phuong phap day hoc ddc thii bp mdn dupc xay dung Udn eo sd ty ludn day hoc bp mdn Vi du Thi nghiem la mpt phucmg phap day hpc ddc thii quan yong ciia cac mdn khoa hoc lu nhien. cac phuong phap day hoc nhu Irinh dicn vat pham ky thuat, tam mau thao lac, phan tich san pham k-y ihugt, thiel ke ky ihuat, lap rap md hinh, cac du an ta nhihig phuong phap chu tuc trong day hoc ky thudt, phuong phap
"Ban lay nan bdt" dem tai hieu qua cao trong viec day hoc cac mdn tchoa hpc
2 4.9 BOI dudng phuong phdp hpc tap tich cue cho smh vien
Phucmg phap hoc lap mpt each tu luc ddng vai Ud quan ypng ypng viec Uch cue hod, phat huy tinh sang tao cua smh vien Cd nhtJng phuong phdp nhan ihirc chung nhu phucmg phdp thu thap. xu ly, ddnh gia Uiong tin. phuong phap td chiic lam viec, phuong phap tam vice nhdm, cd nhihig phuong phdp hpc tgp
TJilHang No 15_Mar 2020|p 42-18 ehuydn bict ciia timg bp mon Bdng nhidu hinh Unic
khdc nhau, cin tuyen tgp cho sinh vien cac phuong phdp hpc tgp chung va cac phuong phap hpc Igp ypng bp mdn- Dc phat huy hieu qua phuong phap day hpc theo hucVng phat tnen nSng luc ngudi hoc doi hoi can cd sy 'cdng tac" ciia ngudi hpc vdi ngucn day. Can giiip sinh vidn xac djnh dupc muc Ueu lieu, nhiem vu hpc lap, can bd thdi quen chdy y trpng hpc tdp, thdi quen Uep nhgn In ihiic mpt chieu va thay vdo do phai chii dpng, lich cue yong ITnh hpi Ui Unic, lu gidc Uong hpc tgp, nghien ciiu cdc van dd
Cac giai phdp yen day chi mang Unh chat dmh hudng, liiy vap dieu kien Uiyc Uen nhd trudng, Uinh dp chuyen mdn nghidp W ciia gidng vien, y Ihiic, n3ng luc ciia sinh vien ma van dyng cac giai phap clip phii hop nhdm myc dich mang lai hieu qua cao, dong gdp vao chat lupng giap due dap lao ciia cac Irudng Dai hoc
3. Ket luan
Viec doi mdi phuong phap dgy lipc theo hucmg phdt tndn ndng lyc ngudi hpc dupc xem Id chig khdg dd ddi men giao dye Vide ddi mdi phuong phap day hpc thep hudng phal tnen ndng lyc ngudi hpc cin ed sy phoi hpp dong bp giifa nha trudng- giang vidn - sinh vidn Nlid tmcmg can phai doi mdi npi dung chuang Uinh dap tgo, xay dyng npi dung hoc phan dam bao bam sal ydu cau ciia thi yirdng lap ddng. phii hpp vdi ndng lyc ciia ngudi hpc Mdi ngudi giang vidn can cd y Ihirc trach nhidm trong vide nghidn ciru ddi mdi phuong phdp dgy hpc, van dyng vdp thiet ke bai hpc, tgp mdi Irudng hpc lap thugn lpi de nang cao chat lupng dgy va hpc. can sang Igo, linh hogt ypng viec ap dyng vd tpng ghep cac phucmg phap gidng dgy nhdm Uigy ddi khdng khi hpc Igp, tgo hiing thii cho smh vien yong Uep nhgn kien Uiirc Dong thai, Uieo muc tieu, npi dung cijg mdn hpc hay tirng chuong, tirng phan cu the ma giao vidn cd die Uiidl ke budi di Uiuc te dug sinh vidn tdi cac c o quan. doanh nghiep hay khao sat Ihuc dia de nang cap hieu qua hpc tap tir viec ITnh tipi yi Ihirc ihdng qua qua yinh nghe - niiin va Ihuc hdnh cdc ky ndng yong limg mdn hoc Smh vien cdn xdc d|nh dupc muc tidu, nhiem vu lipc tdp, chii ddng.
tich cyc trong ITnh hpi tn Unic, lu gidc ypng hoc tap.
nghidn eim cac vin de Ddy la cac ydu to quan ypng.
hudng tdi mdt ndn giao due tidn Uen, dap img ydu cau dao tap nguon nhan lyc co chat lupng cho xd hpi-
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 1 Hoang Hdg Binh (2015), Ndng lire vd ddnh gid theo nang luc. Tap ehi Khoa hpc DHSP TPHCM, so 6 (71)
2 Dang Thanh Hung {20\2). Ndng hrc vdgido due iheo Hep can ndng luc. Tap chi Qudn ti Giao dye, (43), thang 12-2012
3 Nguydn Thi Nga (2019). Day hgc theo phuong phdp Hep can ndng luc ngudi hoc tgi tnrdng dgi hgc - vai trd vd gidi phdp. Tap chi Khoa hpc Trucmg Dgi hoc Khdnh Hda, so 6, 2019
4 Pham Diic Quang, Ld Anh Vinh (2018) (Dong chii bicn), Ddng Thi Thu Hue (Dong lac gig - nhieu tac gia), Dgy hgc mon Todn cap Tmng hpc ca sd iheo hudng phdt tnen ndng lue hpc sinh, Nxb Dgi hpc Quoc gia Ha Npi
5. Ddng Ba LSm (2015), Chuong irinh gido dvc hudng tdi phdt tnen ndng lue nguin hpc. Tap cht Quan ly giap dye, 4. 47—19
6. Nguyen Thi My Lpc (2015), Day hgc phal tnen ndng lire, Tgp chi Quan ly giap dye 4, 27-28
7. Dd Ngpc Thong. Xd\ dung chuong trinh gido due phd thdng theo hirdng liep can NL, htlp //www tiasang.com.vn, ngay 9/6/2011.
8 Howard Gardner (1997), Co edu tri khdn, Dich gid Phgm Toan, Nxb Gido due
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10. Trembtay Dcnyse (2002), The Competency- Based Approach Helping learners become autonomous tn Adult Education - A Lifelong Journey
11 Weinert F E (2001), I 'ergleichende Leistungsmessimg m Schulen eineiimstnttene Selbstverstondlichkeit. In F E Weinert (eds), Leislungsmessung in Schulen, Weinheim und Basejl Bellz Veriag
TM-Haiig/'^o.]5_
Solutions for innovating teaching methods towards developing capacity of leanim at universities
Tran Minh Hang
Article info
Recieved:
19'12 2019 Accepted 103/2020
Keywords:
Revonation of teaching methods: capacity development; modern teaching methods
A b s t r a c t
Innovation of teachmg methods towards development of capacily is to aim of forming capacity of action, raise the sense of iniUative and creativity of leameri thereby impro\'ing quality of leaching in schools. The arUcie mentions tbc contents, such as definition of capacity, teaching towards development of capacity, innovation of leaclung methods towards development of capacitv- and sotudons for revonation of teaching meUiods towards development of capacit\' a!
the umversiUes
