BIEN P H A P G A N N H A N SINH QUYEN NHAM
PHAT TRIEN DU LICH B I N Vfl-NG TAI CAT B A , H A I PHONG Tr4nKimyen,WThiLuyln
Khoa Du lich Email: yentkgdhhp.edu.vii;
[email protected] Ngay nhdn Mi: 09/5/2019
Ngay PB dank gia: 27/5/2019 Ngdy duyet tdng: 31/5/2019
TOM TAT: Can cii vao cac chmh sach phat trien du lich ben vimg tren the gicri, nhieu bien phap tu dieu chinh nham dat iin su bia vimg ducrc cac nha nghien ciiu dua ra nhu gan nhan smh thai, quan ly niing lutmg, quan ly chSt thai... Khu du trir sinh quySn (DTSQ) the gioi Cat Ba dii i p dung nhieu bien phap ki tren d j dam bao hoat dong du Ijch bSn vimg bao gom quan ly ngudn nucrc, chat thai, cac bien phap giao due va dao tao y thuc bao ve moi trucmg... Mot uong nhung bien phap duac Cat Ba ap dung dau tien trong cac khu du Urir sinh quySn la gin nhan sinh quyen. Bien phap nay da mang lai nhiing hieu qua tich cue va c6 the fro thanh mot bai hoc icinh nghiem diln hinh cho cac khu du hch khac phat trien du Hch theo huong ben viing.
Tir khoa: Bien phdp, nhan sinh quyen, phdt trien, du lich ben vihig. CdtBd . PROVIDING BIOSPHERE LABEL TO DEVELOP SUSTAINABLE
TOURISM IN CAT BA, HAI PHONG
ABSTRACT: Based on sustainable tourism development policies over the world, the researchers give self-regulation soludons in order to achieve sustainability, such as eco-labeling, energy management, waste management.... World Biosphere Reserve Cat Ba have adopted many solutions mentioned above to ensure sustainable tourism practices. It includes water resources management, waste, solutions to educate and tram the sense of environmental protection.... Cat Ba is the first place applied biosphere labeled. This solution has brought positive results and it can become a typical lessons for other tourist areas develop towards sustainability.
Key words- Solution, biosphere labeled, develop, sustainable tourism. Cat Ba
1. DAT VAN D £ du lich cong dSng, du lich smh thai, du lich Du lich b t a vimg (DLBV) v i n luon la ' ^ ^ • * - ' • ^°' "J*^" * « " ' ' " ' » * =6 thS stl v i n di duac cac nha nghien cuu, cac doanh ^^^ng cac b.en phap khac nhau nham dua nghiep khai thac du lich quan tam. Trong l'"*' ' ^ ' " 8 ^^ ^^"^ " ™ ' " ' ^ ben vung.
nhung nam g t a day, du lich Viet Nam dang Khu du lich Cat Ba, Hai Phong hien dang din chuySn sang hudng b i n viing nhiSu la mot trong nhung khu du hch c6 kha nang hem bigu hien a su hinh thanh cac loai hmh * " M t du khach cao tai khu vuc duyen hai
30 TRUCJNG DAI HQC HAI PHONG
Ddng BSc. Day la dia b^n dxigc UNESCO cdng nhan la khu DTSQ thi gioi trong khuon ldi6 chuong trinh Con nguoi va Sinh quyen (MBA). De dam bao phat trien du lich theo hudng ben vung khu DTSQ Cat Ba da ap dung bien phap gan nhan smh quyen va dat duoc nhung hieu qua nhat dinh.
2. NOI DUNG
2.1. Chinh sach phat trien du lich ben vimg tren the gioi [1]
Dien dan Lien hiep quoc ve Moi tmong va Phat triin (UNCEF) nam 1992 tai Brazil da danh cho DLBV su quan tam dac biet. Trong Chuong trinh 21, Hoi dong Lu hanh va Du lich The gioi, To chuc Du lich Quoc te va Hoi dong Trai dat da xac nhan 3 cong cu nen tang de nham dat dugc muc tieu ben vimg la:
- De xuat xay dung cac quy dinh mai, tang cuong cac quy dinh san co nham bao ve moi trucmg va sue khoe con nguoi.
- Su diong CO che thi tnrong tu do, trong do, gia ca hang hoa va dich vu phai bao gom chi phi moi truang (tai nguyen, san xuat, su dung, tai che, xa thai... phii hop vai dieu kien cua timg quoc gia).
- Cac chuong trinh cai to cong nghiep tu nguyen, nham vao quan ly co trach nhiem va dao due doi vol san pham va qua trinh san xuat trSn quan di8m t6n trong moi truong va sue khoe con nguoi.
Dap ling Chuong trinh 21, nhi6u co quan quan ly du Uch cap dia phuang va quoc gia da phat trien cac chien luge va chinh sach cho DLBV Tuy nhien, cac ke hoach nay gap phai siic y dang ke do do hlu nhu chiing chi la nhimg chinh sach khong hi6u qua. Xuat phat tir tinh hinh do, tai Hgi thao quoc te ve du lich bin viing t6 chiic tai Lanzarote Tay Ban Nha Ihang 4/1995, ban Hiin Chuong DLBV da dugc xay dung nhSm keu gpi cong d6ng qu6c te, cac Chinh phii, cac t6 ehiic cong cong, cac
ea quan co fliam quyen, cac nha chuyen mon, cac doanh nghiep du lich va ke ca du khach phai quan tam va tuan thii chiin luge DLBV.
2.2. Cac bi^n phap ta Qihu chinh nham dat den sy ben virng
2.2.1. Tiep thi ^^ nhdn sinh thdi Chien luge tiip thi cho DLBV cimg cap day dii va chan thuc cac thong tin vi san pham du lich, xac dinh, danh gia, xem xet toan dien ve cung ling cac tai nguyen thien nhien va van hoa. Muc tieu chinh ciia qua trinh tiep thi la lam cho du khach nhan thiic ro nhimg tac dpng co thi gay ra cho moi truang tu nhien va van hoa xa hgi, huan luyen du khach truoc khi hg len duong, lam cho hoat dgng du lich phii hgp voi kha nang ciia khu du lich ve mat quy mo, so lugng va loai hinh du lich.
"Nhan sinh thai la mot danh hieu ciia nha nuoc cap cho cac san pham khong gay ra 6 nhiem moi truang trong qua trinh san xuat ra san pham hoac qua trinh sii dung cac san pham do." [1] Nhan sinh thai cua san pham du lich nham tang cuong chien luge tiep thi dinh huong vao bao ve chat lugng moi tru'ong. Nguyen tac ciia nhan sinh thai dua tren viec xac dinh cac tieu chuan moi truang c6 the ling dung cho san pham va dich vu du lich.
2.2.2. Phdt triin chinh sdch tieu thu co y nghia moi trudng
Chinh sach tieu thu xanh vua mang lai Igi ich cho kinh doanh du lich, vira cho nen kinh ti dia phuang. Nguyen tac co ban ciia chinh sach nay la:
- Tranh cac san pham san xuat tir cac nguyen lieu gay nguy hai cho moi truang (xit toe CO CFCg, thu nhii bong, thit thu rung, vat luu niem lam tir san ho...);
- Chi mua nhimg thii thue su ckn va nen o dang hang rdi;
T^P CHI KHOA HOC, S6 39, thang 3 nam 2020
31
- Tranh cae hanh hoa qua nhieu bao bi;
- Mua cac san pham tai che hoac c6 the tai che;
- Mua cac san pham chat lugng tot, diing ben, co the sira chiia;
- Mua cac san pham dia phuong.
2.2.3. Quan ly ndng lieg^g
Cac to chiic du lich, dac biet la nha hang, khaeh san thuong sir dung nhieu nang lugng. Can kiem toan de phat hien nhirng dieu kien c6 the tiet kiem nang lugng (thay cira tu dong m o bang ciia m o tay, co he thong tu ngat dien khi khach ra khoi phong va ty dong dien khi khach vao phong. Sir dung nang lugng mat troi de san xuat nuac nong, nhat la cho cam trai...).
2.2.4. Tiet kiem nu&c
Sii dung hieu qua nuoc sinh hoat, vua CO y nghia moi tnrong viia co loi ich cho kinh doanh, vi nhu cau sii dung nuac o khu du lich thudng la rat cao. Nai c6 kha nang tiet kiem nuac nhieu nhat la phong nghi ciia khach, cho giat, nha bep, be boi, va san Golf (vi do la nhimg noi dung nhieu nuoc nhat).
2.2.5. Quan ly chdt thdi
Chien luge 3R: Reuse (tai sir dung), Reduce (giam xa thai), Recycle (tai chi), gom cac buoc:
- Kiem ke chat thai trong khu du lich, xem xet chi phi thu gom, lugng thai hang nam, kieu loai cac chat thai doc hai can phai xii ly rieng.
- Tim each giam phat xa rieng cho timg loai: giam lugng sir dung, tang cudng tai sir dung, tai che, xu ly rac hgp ve sinh.
- Xay dung mot Chuong trinh hanh dgng "it xa thai", "Cai gi mang vao se dugc mang ra" (take in - take out).
2.2.6. Giao thong van tdi
Tang cudng van tai cong cong va cac phuang tien van tai mdi dap ung nhu cau du khach (xe ngua, xe trau, do, thuyen cheo tay...) nhung tiit kiem nang lugng va giam tac dgng x4u din moi trudng.
2.2.7. Ddo tao
Dao tao can bg - nhan vien du lich la c6t loi cua su thanh cong DLBV, trong do quan trgng nhdt la chuong trinh long ghep muc tieu moi trudng vao hoat dgng kmh doanh du lich. Phat triin nhung chuong trinh dao tao mdi nh§m tang cudng hieu biit v i cae dac trung van hoa va thien nhien cua dia phuong, p h i cap cac nguyen tic ciia DLBV va bao t i n thien nhien la v§n d i biie xiic nham dao tao cac the he quan ly kinh doanh du lich mdi.
2.2.8. Gido dtic vd thdng tin du lich Cach ling xir cua du khach va thai dp ciia hg doi vdi viing du lich la chia khoa din den du lich ben viing. Giii gin va khoan dung la nhung dau hieu tot lanh cua thai dp du lich. Vi vay giai thich, thuyet phuc, thong tin va giao due la viec lam ma cac nha kinh doanh du lich phai thudng xuyen thyc hien. Phat trien cac chuong trinh dao tao mdi cho can bp kinh doanh du lich de giup hg thuc hien tot chiic nang nay.
2.2.9. Sd ditng cdc bien phdp can thiep trong nhirng tinh huong cdn thiit nhdm bdo ve doi tu&ng du lich
Dieu tiet lirffng du khdch nhdm trdnh virfft qua khd ndng tdi [2]
1. Ddng cua hoan toan mot diim tham quan (den, chua...).
2. Ddng cira mot ph§n diem tham quan (vudn cay, mot so phdng, mot s6 dien tich) - md cita luan phien cac phan cdn ddng
32 TRirCfNG DAI HQC HAI PHONG
3. Phat tich ke cho khach tham quan de kiem soat so lugng khach.
4. Marketing: giam gia vao ngay vang khach, to chiic cac hinh thiic boat dgng dac biet de dan khach.
5. Lam lech ky nghi cua cac trudng hgc.
6. Xay dung loi di quy dinh (cd miii ten chi hudng) de kiem soat hanh vi du khach va do mat thdi gian cua khach (vi du ddi vdi vudn thii, vudn qudc gia, khu bao tdn tu nhien).
Bao ve di tich, ddi tugng du lich [2]
1. Chi be tong hoa dudng di nhiing chd that can thiet.
2. Lam rao chan quanh nhiing chd ein bao ve (cay cd, diem khao cd, tugng cd...).
3. Lam di tich gia de bao quan di tich that.
4. Lap hd so cd vat de cd c a sd nhan lai khi mat trpm.
5. Thiet ke he thdng camera theo doi va he thdng bao dpng de bao ve cac muc tieu can thiit.
6. Quy dinh cam hay ban c h i cac mat hang luu niem nhu thii nhii bong, tieu ban cdn trimg, san hd, phong lan... dac san thit thii rimg...
7. Quy dinh trpng lugng hai san (loai can bao v6) ma mot du khach cd quyin mang ra khdi khu du lich.
8. Quy dinh ve ban che cdng suat tau thuyen, tai trgng cua xe co gidi, dp s^ng cua den phe va am lugng cdi, khuyen khich cac phuang tien thd so.
9. Kiem soat dot lira, cam trai, be canh, chat cay, khic chii, vat thach nhii, thu thap mlu da, thyc vat, tieu ban cdn triing.
10. Thiet lap he thong dat cgc bao bi dd uong va thye pham de ngudi sir dung cd trach nhi^m ty quan ly rac thai.
11. Thiit lap he thdng thu gom rac va phuang tien d i du khach bd rac trong diem du lich.
Kiim soat nhd hdng, khdch san [3]
1. Quy dinh v i thu gom va xii ly chdt thai.
2. Cac bien phap tiet kiem tai nguyen (nude, nang lugng vat lieu), x i y dung tieu chuSn "sao xanh" cho cac khach san kinh doanh it gay hai cho mdi trudng.
3. Ve sinh (chd luu giu thyc phim, chd che bien thuc pham, phdng an, he thing ve sinh trong phdng nghi va trong khach san, chat lugng nude sinh boat, chdt lugng luong thyc thuc pham).
4. Cd bac sT, nhan vien y te, co sd y te... nhan cac nhiem vu bao ve sue khoe eho du khach va thudng xuyen k i i m tra chat lugng thuc pham cua khach san?
5. Cd chd, meo, gia siie tha rdng?
6. He thdng chdng chay, cau thang thoat hiem, an toan dien.
7. Can bp nhan vien cd dugc dao tao ve.
- Kinh doanh du lich?
- Dinh duong?
- Ve sinh thue pham?
2.3. Thyc trang gan nhan sinh quyen tai C a t B a
2.3.1. Gidi thieu nhdn hieu "Khu dif trie sinh quyen qudn ddo CdtBd"
Quan dao Cat Ba dugc Td chiic Giao due, Khoa hgc va Van hda Lien Hiep Qudc (UNESCO) cdng nhan la Khu D y trii sinh quyen the gidi ngay 02/12/2004 trong khudn khd Chuong trinh Con ngudi va Sinh quyin (MAB); Khu DTSQ Cat Ba la khu dugc cdng nhan thii 3 trong tdng sd 9 Khu DTSQ t h i gidi tai Viet Nam tinh d i n nam 2015. Muc tieu chinh cua viec thanh lap Khu Du trii sinh quyin t h i gidi Q u i n dao Cat Ba la nham thiic day va tao TAP CHI KHOA HQC, So 39, thang 3 nam 2020 33
nen radi quan he can bang gitia con ngudi va thien nhien, thdng qua viec kit bop hai hda eac hoat ddng bao tdn va phat trien kinh te - xa hdi ben viing. Trai qua 10 nam boat ddng, Khu DTSQ thi gidi Quan dao Cat Ba da the hien dugc vai trd la "cai ndi" ciia Tang trudng xanh, Kinh te xanh va Md hinh cho sy Phat trien ben viing.
Nhan hieu chiing nhan Khu du trii sinh quyen the gidi quan dao Cat Ba da dugc Cue Sd hiiu tri tue bao hd tdng the; la bieu tugng (logo) ciia Khu Du tru sinh quyen the gidi Qudn dao Cat Ba, lay hinh Vogc dau vang (Vogc Cat Ba) la diem chinh cimg cac hinh anh ve day niii da vdi mau xanh la cay va hinh anh nude bien, Mudn dugc cap nhan chiing nhan cac san pham, thuong hieu du lich d Cat Ba phai dugc tham dinh theo cac quy dinh nghiem ngat cho thay gia tri tiiiet thuc vdi du lich Cat Ba.
Hinh 1. Nhan hieu chirng oh^n Khu DTSQ the gidi qudn dao Cat Ba 2.3.2. Cdc dm vi da duffcgan nhdn
D i n nay Nhan hieu chung nhan Khu DTSQ t h i gidi qudn dao Cat Ba da dugc cdp cho 25 don vi va doanh nghiep vdi 27 san phdm, dich vu dat chdt lugng cao cd xudt xir tai Khu DTSQ thudc 05 nhdm danh muc bao gdm: Nude mam; Mat ong;
Dich vu tau, thuyen du lich; Khu du lich vui choi giai tri; Khach san, nha hang...
Nhdm cac nha hang, c a so Ixm tni dugc cdng nhan tinh den nay cd 4 dot, sd lieu dugc thi hien qua bang dudi:
Bang 1. Bang thing ke so lu-tfng cac doanh nghiep dw^c gSn Nhan sinh quyen qua cac nam 14]
Lan I: Nam 2010 (07 don vi) I. Cdng ty cdphan thuong mai Nha Viet 2. Khu du lich sinh thai Sudi Gdi 3. Khu du lich sinh thai Nam Cat 4. Khach san Holiday View
5. Khach san Cac Hoang Tir 6. Tau du lich: Cac Hoang Tit 7. Khach san Hudng Duong
Lan IL Nam 2011 (06 don vi) 1. Khach san Sea Pearl
2. Khach san Hung Long
3. Khach san LePont 4. Khach san Yen Thanh 5. Khach san Quy Tgc
6. Nha hang ndi Quang Anh
Lan UL Nam 2012 (05 don vi) 1. Khach san Cat Ba Dream 2. Khach san Mat Trdi va Bien 3. Khach san Lan Ha 4. Tau du lich:
Oriental Sun 5. Nha hang Neptune
Lan rV: Nam 2017 (07 d a n vi) 1 .Khu du lich nghi dudng Cat Ba Sunrise Resort
2. Khu du lich nghi duong Cat Ba Island Resort & Spa 3. Tau du lich Orchid Cruise 1
4. Khach san Thao Minh New Star
5. Khach san Hai Phdng 6. Nha hang Phiic Quan 7. Nha hang Ngpc Linh
34 TRI/dNG DAI HQC HAI PHONG
Theo sd lieu tiling ke ciia Sd Du lich Hai Phdng, tinh d i n hit nam 2018, tai dia ban Cat Ba cd tdt ca 187 ca sd luu tni; 86 tau du lich. Nhu vay, con sd 25 ca sd dugc cSp nhan hieu la qua it. Viee cap nhan hieu dugc dien ra lien tue tirong 3 nam tCr 2010 den 2012 rdi dimg lai cho den nam 2017 mdi boat ddng tiep. Dieu dd cho thay viee danh gid va cap nhan hieu dang bi cham l^i. Khi dugc hdi nguyen nhan cua viec dan nhan bi gian doan, mot can bd sd du lich Hai Phdng eho biet: "Nhieu doanh nghiep du Ijch khdng man ma vdi viec duge gan nhan sinh quyen dan den viec het han, khi gia han thi chi cd sd it cac doanh nghiep nop hd so." Ve phia cae doanh nghiep, nhieu co sd tra loi rang hp khdng he biet den hoat ddng nay Cd the thay, cdng tac tuyen truyen den cac doanh nghiep edn nhieu ban che, chua lam cho cac doanh nghiep nhan thiic rd gia tri cua viec gan nhan smh quyen.
2.3.3. Quy che qudn ly nhdn sinh quyen CdtBd
Cac san pham hang hda, dich vu mudn dugc cap Giay chiing nhan phai dap ling cac tieu chuan sau:
- San pham hang hda, dich vu than thien vdi radi trudng, cai tao tdt mdi trudng Khu DTSQ, an toan, ve sinh, cd Igi cho siic khde ngudi tieu dung;
- San pham hang hda, dich vu cd ti hong Idn trong linh vyc kinh te - xa hdi cua dao CatBa;
- Sir dung lao dgng dia phuong, ho trg phdt trien cdng ddng dan cu, giii gin canh quan, mdi trudng, bao tdn cac gia tri van hda tmyen thdng;
- Dat tieu chuan chat lugng hang hda, dugc dang ky tai co quan quan ly chdt lugng hang hda, dich vu cd thdm quyin.
Cae CO sd dich vu, cac san phdm khi da dam bao dugc cac tieu chi danh gia nhu tren, vao cac dgt xet duyet cd t h i lam
hd sa xin cap Nhan hieu. Qua trinh thdm dinh, xet, cdp nhan hieu dugc Sd Du lich Hai Phdng triin khai chat che theo 5 budc, bao dam cac san pham dugc gan nlian cd chat lugng dich vu theo tieu chudn:
- Budc 1: Tiep nhan hd so cua td chiic, ea nhan cd yeu eau.
- Bude 2: Kiem tra mat hinh thiic, niu hd so dap ling cac yeu cau thi tiin hanh vao sd va phieu hen tra kit qua. Trong trudng hgp hd sa khdng dap ling dugc yeu cau, nhan vien tiep nhan hd so phai cd traeh nhiem hudng dan td ehiic, ca nhan thyc hien diing cae quy dinh.
- Budc 3: Td chiic thdm dinh thuc t i cac dan vi cd don de nghi dang ky cdp quyen su dung nhan hieu chiing nhan.
- Budc 4: Viet bao eao ket qua tham dinh va ra quy8t dinh cap quyen hoac gia ban.
- Bude 5: Lap giay chiing nhan hoac lap chiing nhan gia ban, vao sd theo ddi va trao giay chiing nhan cho cac td chiic, ca nhan yeu cau. [4]
Sau khi duge cap nhan hieu, cac don vi cd san pham, dich vu gan nhan chiu su giam sat ve chat lugng cua cac thanh vien trong hdi ddng tham dinh, cua luc lugng thanh, kiem tra va nhat la sy danh gia cua du luan, ngudi sir dung dich vu.
2.3.4. Hieu qud cua viec cdp nhdn chung nhan
Phdn nhiiu cac don vi dugc cdp nhan hieu nhan thiic dugc gia tii thuong hieu g i n vdi Khu du tru sinh quyen thi gidi qudn dao Cat Ba. 25 don vi dugc cap nhan hieu hien nay d i u kinh doanh hieu qua, cd uy tin, thuong hieu tiong dich vu du lich d Cat Ba. Vdi ddi tugng khach du lich qudc ta la ddi tugng quan tam nhiiu d i n xu hudng du lich xanh, du lich sinh thai va cae hoat ddng gdn vdi bao t i n thien nhien.
TAP CHI KHOA HOC, So 39, thang 3 nam 2020 35
cac CO sd gan nhan sinh quyen ludn dugc uu tien lua chgn khi hg sii dung tai Cat Ba.
Cac doanh nghiep dugc gin nhan da thanh lap cau lac bp de tang cucmg giao liru, trao ddi ve chdt lugng dich vu. Cac doTi vi thanh vien diu danh gia viec ap dung Nhan hieu chiing nhan Khu DTSQ the gidi budc dau da gdp phan gia tang siic hap dan, su tin cay ciia khach hang, gia tang gia tri san pham va dac biet la ^6p phan xay dung van hda dich vu chat luong cao tai dia ban Khu DTSQ Cat Ba.'
Ben canh Igi ich ve kinh te, ve thuong hieu cua chinh cac co sd duoc gan nhan viec sir dung nhan sinh quyen cdn mang lai Igi ich ddi vdi cac hoat dpng bao tdn khu dy trii sinh quyen.
Thdng qua viec sir dung nhan hieu vdi hinh anh chii vopc da giiip hinh anh Khu DTSQ Cat Ba, hinh anh loai vooc Cat Ba di vao tam tri ngudi tieu diing, du khach trong nude va qudc te. Su nghiep bao tdn sinh quyen cang hieu qua thi san pham cang ndi tieng, san pham cang chat lugng thi danh tieng khu sinh quyen cang di xa. Day chinh la cdt loi ciia triit ly "bao ton de phat trien, phat trien de bao tdn" [5].
3. KET LUAN
Sd Du Ijch Hai Phdng can danh gia va cdng nhan, cap nhan smh quyin cho cac san pham, dich vu dat tieu chuan thudng nien.
Viec tam dimg cap chiing nhan tir nam 2012 den nam 2016 khien cho viec md rpng pham vi ling dung nhan sinh quyen gap nhiiu klid khan. Ben canh viec cdp mdi, Sd Du lich Hai Phdng ciing cdn tien hanh giam sat chat che, phat hien nhiing sai pham tiong su dung nhan de dieu chinh kip thdi.
Cac CO quan quan ly vi du lich va cau lac bp Nhan sinh quyen cdn ddy manh cdng tac tuyen tmyen, van dpng cac dan vi, doanh
nghiep tiiin khai chudn hda san P"^^ Jj^
hudng ling viec xet, gdn nhan Khu m V qudn dao Cat Ba. Cac co quan, dan vi, doann nghiep, dac biet la cau lac bd Nhan smh quyin cdn tich cue quang ba tiiuong hieu cua Nhan sinh quyin Cat Ba tdi cac ddi tac, cac Ihi tiudng khach muc tieu de hp nhp hmy duoc tdm quan trpng ciia viec bao ton Khu DTSQ va gia tii thuc sy ciia nhan sinh quyen.
Viec dang ky nhan hieu va tiao giay chiing'nhan quyin sir dung cho cae don vi cd san phdm dich vu dat tieu chuan chdt lugng la sy ndi dai bin vimg danh tiing ma can bd va nhan dan huyen dao Cat Hai ndi rieng va Thanh phd Hai Phdng ndi chung danh cho sy nghiep bao tdn va phat triin vimg biin dao nay. Day cung la mdt bien phap ty dieu chinh cua diem du iich Cat Ba nhdm dat din sy bin viing ma cac diem, khu du lich, dac biet la cac khu DTSQ khac cd thi hpc hdi.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Nguygn Dinh Hoe, Vu Van H i k (2001), Giao trinh "Du lich ben vimg", N X B Dai hpc Quoc Gia Ha Noi, Ha Noi.
2. UNEP/UNESCO (1983), Managing Tourism in National World Heritage Sites, Paris, France.
3. WHO (1976), Guide lo Sanitation in Tourist Establishment, Geneve, Switzerland.
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3 6 TRUCfNG D^I HQC HAI PHONG
