Thuc day phat trien
cong nghe tai chmh (Fintech)
doi vdi he thong ngan hang Viet Nam
hien nay ^^,„„^^^^„
Tom tat , ,, . Bdi vie't trinh bdy xu hudng phdt tnen eua cdng nghe tdi chi'nh (Fintech) trin the giOi. dong thai, khdi qudt thuc trang ffng dung Fintech d Viet Nam. Tff dd, nghiin cffu cung chi ra nhffng ca hgi, thdch thffc vd mgt sdhdm y chinh sdch khi ffng dung Fintech vdo he thdng ngdn hdng Viet Nam.
Tuf khda," cong nghe tdi chinh, ffng dung, hi thdng ngdn hdng Summary
This paper presents the development trend offinancial technology (Fintech) in the world, and at the same time, overviews the current application of Fintech in Vietnam. It also points out opportunities, challenges and some policy implications for the use of Fintech in Vietnam's banking system.
Keywords; Fintech, application, banking system
G l O l T H I E U
Cupc Cach mang Cong nghiep 4.0 ngay cang khang dinh quyen nang cua cong nghe do'i vdi moi mat cua ddi sd'ng kinh te - xa hdi. Trong do, Cach mang Cong nghiep 4.0, dac biet la cac cdng nghe cd't ldi (loT, Bigdata, Icloud, Blockchain, AI) da tac ddng de'n ta't ca nganh nghe, iTnh viYc trong do cd lmh vtfc tai chinh, ngSn hang. Fintech la mdt xu hu'dng phat trien mdi, nd khdng chi anh hifdng ldn dd'n nang Itfc canh tranh cua cac dinh che tai chinh, ma cdn phat trien cua cac san pham va dich vu tien ich cua he ihd'ng ngan hang hien dai. Chinh vi vay, hien nay ITnh vtfc ngan hang cung dang trai qua qua trinh dich chuyen mang tinh nen tang ldn nha't trong lich s4 phat trien, phai dd'i mat vdi ap life can phai doi mdi de cd thi duy tri va phat triin dtfdc quy md khach hang trong ky nguyen sd'hda.
XU HUCfNG P H A T T R I E N F I N T E C H T R E N T H E G l d i
Fintech la vie't tat cua ttf Financia) Technology, dtfdc hi6'u la cdng nghe tai chinh. Fintech dtfdc su'dung chung cho ta't ca cac cdng ly siir dung internet, di6n thoai dl ddng, cdng nghe dien loan dam mSy va cac phan mem ma nguon md nhSm muc dich nang cao hieu qua cua hoai ddng ngan hang va dau ltf.
Cac cdng ty Fintech dtfdc chia Ihanh 2 nhdm: Nhdm thtf nha't la cac cong ty phuc vu ngtfdi lieu diing, cung ca'p cac cdng cu ky thuSt sd'dl cai thien phtfdng thiJc cac ca nhan vay tien, tha'u chi; quan ly tai chinh ca nhan, t&i trd vd'n cho cac startup; Nhdm con lai la cac cdng ty Ihupc dang "back-office" hd trd cdng nghe cho cac dinh chd' tai chinh, tap trung la cac ngan hang.
Fintech dang noi len manh me tren pham vi toan cau, trong nhieu lmh vu'c, tii'cho vay, ngan hang tdi quan ly tai san.
Theo sd'lieu do CB Insights cdng bd', trong nam 2018, cac cdng ty Fintech tr6n loan cau dtfdc rdt Itfpng vd'n dau ttf mao hiem rat Idn dat 39,57 ty USD. So vdi nam 2017, ltfdng vd'n dau ttf tren the'gidi Irong nam 2018 tang 120%. Cu the: so vd'n nay dtfdc dau ttf vdi 1.707 thtfdng vu, so vdi con so' 1.480 thtfdng vu trong 2017. Trong do, cd 52 trtfdng hdp cd quy md tren 100 Irieu, dat tdng tri gia 24,88 ty USD. Ldn nhat la vu d^u ttf 14 ty USD vao Ant Financial, cong ty thanh loan thudc "de che" thtfdng mai didn t^
Alibaba. Vu dau ttf nay chid'm 35% tSng 'Khoa Kinh te & Quan tri kinh doanh, Trtfdng Dai hoc Dong Thap
Ngdy nhdn bdi: 14/03/2020; Ngdy phUii bifn: 15/04/2020; Ngdy duyet ddng. 17/04/2020
M8
v6n dau tif chay vao cac cdng ty Fintech tren loan cau irong ca nam. Trong quy 4/2018, CO tdi 5 cong ty Fintech gia nhap hang ngu cua cac cdng ty khdi nghiep - startup - dtfdc dinh gia tij- 1 ty USD tr3 len. Trong dd cd hang the tin dung Brex, ngan hang so' Monzo va cdng ty di! lieu Plaid. Ben canh do, Chau A la thi irifdng CO nhieu vu rdt vd'n vao cac c6ng ty Fintech nhS't trong nam 2018, tang 38% so vdi 2017 va dat tdng gia tri ky luc 22,65 ty USD. Tai My, cac cdng ly Fintech huy ddng dtfdc ky Juc 11,89 ty USD thdng qua 659 vu dau ttf. Tai chau Au, so' vu giam, nhtfng long gia tri von dau ttf cung lap ky luc, d miJc 3,53 ty USD. Cac ngan hang sSn sang hdp tac thtic day stf phat trien cua cac cdng ly Fintech. Vi du, Barclays da hd trd 60 startup irong khudn khd cac chtfdng trinh cai lien d London, New York, Tel Aviv va Cape Town (Diep Via, 2019).
Con so' tren da the hien stf phat triin manh me va toan dien cua Fintech trong nhu'ng nam viJa qua, bie'n linh vtfc nay trcf ihanh mdt phSn linh vtfc tai chfnh, hiia hen gdp phan thay ddi bd mat ciia ng^nh lai chlnh trdn thd'gidi.
Theo Ngan hang UOB ciing cac dd'i lac (2020), d Indonesia, de tao dpng life cho ITnh vtfc Fintech manh me hdn, cdc cd quan quan ly ciing vdi Ngan hang Trung tfdng Indonesia, Ngan hang Indonesia (BI) va cd quan dich vu tai chinh Indonesia, Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) da cdng bd'cac sang kie'n de hd trd Slf phat trien nay. Trong khi dd, Chinh phu iVlalaysia da cdng bd' chinh sach ve
"Cong hd' diJ lieu md bang each su" dung Giao dien ISp trinh tfng dung md (API)"
&i cung cap htfdng dan va mdi phan hoi ve lh6n§ sd' ky thuat API dtf heu md tieu chuin. 0 Philippines, Ngan hang Trung ifcfng Philippines (Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas-BSP) da gidi thidu Tieu chuan ma phan hdi nhanh Qud'c gia (QR) vao thang 10/2019, md ra mdt he thd'ng thanh toan tifdng tac va tieu chuan hda trong ntfdc. Ridng d Singapore, xet ve sd'Itfdng cac thoa thuan tai trd trong nam 2019, thi Singapore din dau vdi 51 % tdng so' thda Ihutn trong ASEAN, trong khi Indonesia
^^g thtf hai d mu'c 28%, ttfdng ttf nhtf nam 2018. Singapore dtfdc cdng nhan la mgt trung tSm Fintech loan cau, vdi mdi
•n^cfng phap ly phii hdp va cdng dong cac cong ty Fintech. 6 Thdi Lan, cac td chu'c tai chinh, cac nha hoach djnh chinh sach
va cac nha quan ly d Thai Lan da cam ke't manh me se phat trien, hd trd va dieu hanh lmh vtfc Fintech.
Tren thi trtfdng vd'n, cac startup va ke ca cac tap doan ldn nhtf Goldman Sachs hay tham chi la Ngan hang Trung tfdng (NHTW) Anh (BOE), Ngin hang Nhan dan Trung Qud'c (PBoC) dang thiJ nghidm suf dung cac loai tien dien tu" ky thu|t so' thay the' cho cac phtfdng thiJc chuyen tien va tai san truyen thd'ng. Tham chi la viec trien khai ke hoach phat hanh tien ao Liiara cua Facebook, vdi stf tham gia cua nhieu tap doan ldn trdn toan cau, mac dii dang gap nhieu khd Idian nhtfng van tid'p tuc dtfdc thtic day.
Trong hoat ddng ngan hang, viec tfng dung manh me Fintech dtfdc thtfc hien tren nhieu phtfdng dien, tCf hoat ddng cho vay, dich vu ngSn hang, quan tri rui ro, de'n cac giao dich tan suS't cao, dtf lieu ldn. Cd the dSn chu'ng nhieu vi du dien hinh va cu the ve thanh cdng ifng dung Fintech vao hoat ddng ngan hang tren khap toan cau nhtf dich vu ngan hang ting dung dien thoai di dpng d Kenya, Trung Qud'c, da giup hang chuc va tham chi ma hang tram trieu ngtf&i chtfa bie't den cac san pham, dich vu ngSn hang tien ich dtfdc tie'p can vdi he thd'ng tai chinh chinh thu'c.
THUt TRANG UMG DUNG FINTECH 6 VIET NAM Nhan thtfc ve vai tro quan trpng cua Enh vtfc Fintech d Viet Nam, dac biet la x^y dtfng mpt hd sinh thai Fintech dtfa tren ldi the' cua Viet Nam xet ve quy md dan so', ngudn nhan life dam me cdng nghe, ngay 16/03/2017, Thd'ng dd'c Ngan hang Nha ntfdc da thanh lap Ban Chi dao ve ITnh vtfc Fintech. Ben canh dd, Ngan hang Nha ntfdc da trinh Thu ttfdng Chinh phii dif thao De an Cd chd' quan ly thu" nghiem cho hoat ddng fintech (Regulatory Sandbox) cho cac doanh nghiep Fintech cung tfng giai phap, dich vu trong ITnh vtfc ngSn hang. Dtf thao De an nay de xu^t Chinh phu cho phep Ngan hang Nha ntfdc va cac cd quan lien quan thtfc hien cd che' thLf nghiem cho cac giai phap Fintech nham: (i) Hien thtfc hda cac giai phap tai De an "Hd trd he sinh thai khdi nghiep ddi mdi sang tao qud'c gia de'n nam 2025" dtfdc phe duyet lai Quyet dinh so' 844/QD'TTg, ngay 18/05/2016 cua Thu ttfdng Chinh phu, cung nhtf d l thtfc hien cac nghi quye't va chu trtfdng cua Dang va Nha ntfdc ve hd trd cac doanh nghiep khdi nghiep sang tao; (ii) Thuc d^y stf dd'i mdi, sang tao va hidn dai hda Knh vtfc hoat ddng ngan hang, qua dd thuc day miic tieu phd cap tai chinh cho ngtfdi dan; (iii) Tao lap mdi trtfdng Ihuf nghidm nham hoan thien va phat trien cac giai phap Fintech, phii hdp vdi nhu cau thi trtfdng va khudn khd phap ly; (iv) Thiic day SIJ" hdp tac ciang cd ldi gitfa ngan hang va cdng ty Fintech; va (v) Han che rui ro xay ra cho khach hang khi tham gia su'dung cac dich vu Fintech chtfa dtfdc cho phep chinh thtfc.
Gan day nhat, ngay 12/8/2019, Thu ttfdng Chinh phli da phe duyet De an thtic day md hinh kmh te' chia se. De an cting da tao dieu kidn thuan ldi cho Fintech phat trien, trong do cd Fintech ITnh vtfc ngSn hang.
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Vdi khung phap ly ndi tren, trong nam 2019, Vidt Nam la dilm ha'p dan thu htit dau ttf vao ITnh vtfc Fintech, chiem 36% trong long dau ttf vao Fintech vao ASEAN va dtfng dau ASEAN v l dSu ttf vao ITnh vtfc giai phap thanh loan ngan hang. Viet Nam ghi nhan mtfc tang trtfdng manh trong dau ttf vao Fintech trong nam 2019 nhd cd 2 thtfdng vu ldn la thtfdng vu diu ttf 300 trieu USD vao VNPay va 100 trieu USD vao vdng goi vd'n Series-C cua Momo Pay (Nhue Man - Ngpc Lan, 2019).
Hien nay, cac cdng ty Fintech cung cap cac giai phap thanh toan thu hut dtfdc nhieu ngudn lidn dau ttf nha't va dieu nay cung phij hdp vdi ddng thai cua Chinh phu dd'i vdi vide thanh toan thdng qua thie't bi di ddng.
Theo Ngan hang Nha ntfdc (2020), de'n cudi thang 10/2019, da cd tren 78 td chtfc cung u'ng dich vu thanh loin trien khai dich vii thanh toan qua intemet va 47 td chlJc thtfc hien qua dien thoai di ddng. Trong 10 thang nam 2019, so Itfdng va gia tri giao dich tai chinh qua kenh internet tang ttfdng ii'ng hdn 67% va tren 36%; so' Itfdng va gia tri giao dich tai chlnh qua kenh dien thoai di ddng tang ttfdng tfng 186% va 221% so vdi cilng ky nam 2018. Thanh toan qua QR Code (quet ma vach) tuy la hinh thtfc thanh toan dien til mdi nhtfng cung dat mtfc tang trtfdng kha. Ben canh dd, tfdc tinh den hd'i nam 2019, tai Viet Nam cd hdn 150 cdng ty fintech hoat dpng day dii tren cac ITnh vtfc tai chinh nhtf trung gian thanh toan (chie'm khoang 60,5%), gpi vd'n cpng dong (khoang 10,5%)... Trong ITnh vtfc thanh toan, cd 27 vf dien tiJ, thi hdn 90% thi phan thupc ve 5 doanh nghiep Idn nha't va ca 5 vi nay diu cd sd hiJu ntfdc ngoai ttf 30%-90%. Trong dd,cd 72% cac md hinh kinh doanh cua fintech Viet Nam chon ke't hdp vdi cac ngan hang. Cu thi: ITnh vtfc Fintech da va dang thu htit dtfdc Slf quan tam dac biet ciia cac cdng ty, doanh nghidp cdng nghd ldn, nhtf: FPT, Viettel, VNPT tham gia vao thi trtfdng... qua ca hal hinh thtfc trtfc tie'p va gian tie'p nhtf dau ttf hinh thanh cac cdng ty Fintech, thanh lap cac quy dau ttf, vtfdn tfdm ho trd doanh nghiep khdi nghiep Fintech...
Dac biet, Cong ty ttf van Solidiance mdi day da dtfa ra dtf doan rang, gia tri giao dich cua lhi trtfdng Fintech vdi td'c dd phat trien nhtf hien nay se cd thd tang len mtfc 7,8 ty USD vao nam 2020 so vdi mtfc 4,4 ty USD da dat dtfdc trong nam 2018 (T.D.V, 2019).
CO HOI VA THACH T H O C VCfl HE THONG NGAN H^NG VIET NAM TRiJdC XU H L / 6 N G PHAT TRIEN CUA FINTECH
CdhQi
Ngay nay, nhtfng tien ich cd ban ma mdt ngan hang cung cS'p khdng cdn phu Ihupc vao he thd'ng chi nhanh va phdng giao dich ma ludn san cd tai moi thdi dilm trong khdng gian ky thuSt sd' thdng qua cac tfng diang dich vu dtfdc de dang tai ve dien thoai di ddng hoac dtfdc thtfc hien irtfc tuye'n iren Internet. Ye'u td' cdng nghe se trd thanh (di thd' cho cac ngan hang. Chang ban nhtf: dich vu ttf van ttf ddng cho khach hang va cac
cdng nghe khac cd thi' giup ngan hang phuc vu khach hang td'i hdn
Cdng nghe di dpng da lam^ chuydn dich nhu cau suf dung dich vu cua khach hkng sang cac kenh giao dich trifc tuye'n va dien thoai di ddng thdng minh thay vi phai tdi ckc chi nhanh cua ngSn hang d l thtfc hien hang loat cac thu tuc... Theo Bao cao cua Ngan hang The' gidi nam 2017, stf dich chuydn nhu cau thanh toan cua khach hang ttf kdnh truyen thdng sang kenh dien 111 da vtfdt ngtfdng 50%
trdn toan cau, trong dd kenh thanh toan dien tu" da trd thanh kenh chu dao tai cac ntfdc phat trien vdi ty le tren 86% khach hang trtfdng thanh co tai khoan su" dung (Nghiem Thanh Sdn, 2019).
Ben canh do, trong tie'n trmh cila cupc each mang cdng nghe sd', cac td chu'c tai chinh da khdng cdn t | p trung vao viec phat triin ngSn hang da kenh ntfa, g^n day, da chuyen htfdng sang phat trien giai phap ngan hang hdp kenh (Omni - channel banking), vdn dtfdc thie't ke' de nang cao td'i da trai nghiem cua khach hang, hp CO the truy cap cac dich vu ngan hang mpi luc, mpi ndi, bSng mpi thid't bi cd ket nd'i Internet theo thdi gian thtfc, ddng thdi cd the trai nghiem siX ddng bd v£t lien mach dich vu tren mpi kenh giao dich Internet Banking, Mobile Banking, ATM... Phtfdng phap tie'p cSn nay cdn cho phep cac ngan hang phan tich diJ lieu ve cac hoat ddng cua khach hang thdng qua cac kenh khac nhau, qua dd dtf doan chinh xac hdn nhu cau va sd thich cua khach hang cdng nhtf tang ctfdng kha nang giao tid'p hidu qua hdn vdi khach hang;
Bao cao Digital Marketing 2019 cua Wearesocial va Hootsuite cung cho bie't, trong hdn 97 trieu ngtfdi Vidl Nam, cd 66% dung internet, 64% dting mang xa hOi, 60% (58 trieu ngtfdi) diing smartphone. Ngtfdi Viet dilng tdi hdn 6 gid mdi ngay de truy cap Internet, 2,7 ty ltfdt tai tfng dung va chi ra khoang trdn 161 tridu USD mdi nam de s^ diang cac tfng dung dd. Ngoai ra, trong tdng sd 143,3 trieu thue bao cua ngtfdi Viet, cd tdi 45% dang ky mang 3G va 4G, cd tdi 2,7 ty ltfdt tai App tfng dung va chi ra khoang trdn 161 irieu USD/nam dl SIJ- dung cac App Hdn ntfa, Viet Nam cd 04 ngan hang thtfdng mai nhk ntfdc, 28 ngan hang ihtfdng mai cd ph^n trong ntfdc, 1183 quy tin dung nhan dan 4 to chtfc to chtfc vi md... se Ui dd'i lac r^t ldn
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CO nghiep vu chuyen nghiep, cd cd sd diiUSu khdch hang ldn la manh dat mau raa de Fintech cd thi hdp tac chia se va phat irien.
Them vao dd, stf am hieu linh vtfc cdng nghi thong tin cua ngtfdi tre tudi; stf bung n6 cua ihtfdng mai dien ttf; ty id ngtfdi dan CO tai khok ngan hang tha'p... la nhtfng ye'u lo thuan ldi de phat trien cac dich vu tai chinh - ngan hang dtfa trdn nen tang Fintech tai Viet Nam trong ttfdng Iai.
Tiiach thu'c
Cung nhtf cac ntfdc trdn the gidi, Viet Nam dang gap mot sd Ihach thlJc mdi trofig quan ly nha ntfdc vdi stf xua't hien cua c^c cdng ty Fintech hoat ddng trong cac linh vtfc, nhtf: cho vay ngang hang, cac mo hinh thanh toan mdi, chuyen tien xuyen bien gidi, tien ao/tai san ao, ph^t hanh tien ao lan diu ra cong chung (ICOs), kinh doanh da cap Idi dung danh nghTa ti^n ao/tai san do... Hoai ddng cua loai hinh cac cdng ly neu tren da phat sinh nhffng van de xung dot ldi ich nhat dinh giSa cac ben.
Mac dii Viel Nam dtfdc danh gia la mien da't htfa cua Fintech, nhtfng theo cac chuyen gia thi hien lai van cdn nhieu life can dd'i vdi Fintech. Cu thi la: so vdi cac ntfdc trong khu vifc, thi con sd' gan 100 startup ve Fintech ciia Viet Nam vin cdn kha khiem td'n khi Singapore CO 490 cdng ty, Indonesia 262 cdng ty, Malaysia 196 cdng ty... Ben canh do, cic cong ly Fintech cua Viet Nam vin chtfa phong phu ve dich vu. Cu the:
Irong so'g^n IOO cdng ty hoat ddng trong ITnh Vifc Fintech tai Viet Nam, thi phan
ldn trong sd hp hoat ddng trong ITnh vtfc trung gian thanh toan (T.D.V, 2019).
Ben canh dd, lan sdng cdng nghe thay the' nhtfng phtfdng thtfc truyen thd'ng, cdng viec kinh doanh cua nhieu ngSn hang se khd khan hdn rat nhieu ne'u nhtf ho khdng bat kip dtfdc vdi cdng nghe.
MOT SO HAM Y
Theo tac gia, de thiic diy phat tridn Fintech nhieu hdn trong ITnh vtfc ngan hang trong thdi gian tdi, can thtfc hien mot sd giai phap trpng tam sau:
Mot Id, cd quan quan Iy nha ntfdc can xay dtfng khung phap ly cho hd sinh thai Fintech va giiip htfdng dan viec siJ dung dtt lieu an loan, thdng minh de phuc vu nhu clu cua ngtfdi deu dung va doanh nghiep Viet Nam td't hdn.
Hai Id, tie'p tuc ddi mdi va tfng dung cdng nghd hien dai thdng qua viec xay dtfng va hoach dinh chie'n Itfdc ve phat tridn cdng nghe thdng tin ciia khu vtfc tai chinh. Nhiem vu xuyen sud't la nghien ctfu, tfng dung cac Ihanh ttfu cdng nghd hien dai trong cac giao dich tai chinh, hoat ddng thanh toan, tie'p can cac san pham tai chinh, thiic d^y tai chinh xanh, tai chinh toan didn...
Ba Id, c&c td chii'c lai chinh, to chtfc ngSn hang cin chu trong va tang ctfdng quan ly an ninh mang. Ngoai viec dau ttf, trang bi cho minh nhtfng cdng cu bao mat mdi dd'i vdi he thd'ng thdng tin va dtf lidu khach hang, thi can quan lam hdn ntfa tdi viec xay dtfng he thd'ng cd sd di?Iieu dtf phdng va uang cao nhan thu'c ve bao mat va an toan thdng tin trong loan he thd'ng.
Bdn Id, day manh phat trien ngudn nhan Itfc tai chinh, trong dd chu trpng cdng tac d^o tao nguon cdng nghd cao, tang kha nang tfng dung cdng nghd thdng tin; nang cao tinh chuyen nghiep, kha nang lam chu cac hd thd'ng cdng nghe hien dai ciia dpi ngu nhan Itfc tai chinh, kd'toan.G
- TAILIEUTHAMKHAO _ _ _ _ — - _ _ _
1. Ngan hang Nha ntfdc (2019). Tdi lieu Hoi nghi true tuyi'n trien khai nhiem vu ngdn hdng nam 2020, ngay 02/01/2020
2. Didp Vu (2019). Cdc cong ty fintech todn cdu dugc rot vdn ky luc gdn 40 Ty USD trong ndm 2018, hltp://vneconomy.vn/cac-cong-ty-fintech-toan-cau-duoc-rot-von-ky-Iuc-gan-40-ty-usd- trong-20I8-20190I29163544168.htm
3. T.D.V (2019). Cdch mgng Fintech thay ddi cd the gidi dang "go cffa", truy cap ttf https://
tuoitre.vn/cach-mang-fintech-thay-doi-ca-the-gioi-dang-go-cua-2019I203085047275.htm 4. Ngan hang UOB cilng cac dd'i tac (2020). Fintech trong ASE/iN: Tff khdi nghiip den ldn mgnh, truy capttfhttp://www.ffungtamu'to.vn/chuyen-de/14660-fmtech-lrong-asean-tu-khoi-nghiep~den-Ion-manh
5. Nghidm Thanh Sdn (2019). Fintech- cohoi vd thdch thffc ddi vdi sif phdt trien cua hi thdng tdi chinh, ngdn hdng, truy c^p ttf hltp://tapchinganhang.gov.vn/fintech-co-hoi-va-thach-thuc-doi-voi- su-phat-irien-cua-he-thong-tai-chinh-ngan-hang.htm
6. Nhue Min - Ngpc Lan (2019). Viet Nam dffng ddu ASEAN ve thu hut vdn ddu tu trong linh vUc Fintech, Iruy cap ttf https://tinnhanhchungkhoan.vn/fin-tech/viet-nam-dung-dau-asean-ve-thu-hut- von-dau-tu-trong-linh-vuc-fintech-307999.html
1- Wearesocial and Hootsuite (2019). Digital Marketing 2019
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