KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
IMGHIEIM CIJU l U d T SO BIEIM P H A P K Y T H U A T TROIXIG SAM X U A T H A T L A I F l V A
T H A I V I C A I V HL U A L A I
THUOIVG PHAIVi V I E T L A I S O
Nguydn Van CuongS Duong Van Thang' T6MTAT
Nghien ciru anh huong ciia mat do, sd danh va phuong thuc cay dong m^ TGMS (135S) va dong bd (R50) trong san xuat hat gidng Fl cung nhu lua lai thuong pham Vi$t Lai 50 de dat nang suat cao da duoc tien hanh; Thi nghiem duoc trien khai tai Vien Nghien ciai Lua - Truong Dai hoc Nong nghiep Ha Noi va tai huyen Thuan Thanh, Bac Ninh. Thoi gian thuc hi^n tir nam 2008-2010. Sd li^u dugx; xir ly tren may tinh theo chuong trinh Excel, IRRISTAT 5.0. Quy trinh thi nghiem duoc tien hanh theo Vif n Nghien ciru Lua. Ket qua cho thay: (1) phuong phap cay 6 danh/cum khom va ty le 2 hang bd: 18 hang me cho nang suat hat lai cua to hop Viet Lai 50 cao nhat (33,7 ta/ha); (2) d mat do cay thap a cong thirc M1Q4 (75 danh/m^ va phan bon 230 N + 230 P2O5 + 230 K2O kg/ha) va cong thirc M1Q2 (75 danh/m' va phan bon 190 N + 190 P ^ j + 190 K2O kg/ha) CO sd nhanh Ion nhat (8,6 va 8,2 nhanh); (3) a dieu kien dong ruong, mue do nhilm benh kho vin (diem 3-5) cao hon benh dao on (diem 1-3); mirc do gay hai cua sau cuon la tren dong ruong (diem 1-3) cung manh hon sau due than (diem 1); (4) doi voi lua lai thuong pham Viet Lai 50, mat do caiy 84 danh/m^
vdi mirc phan bon 190 N -1- 190 P2O5 + 190 K20/ha la thich hop, vira dam bao viec tiet kiem gidng va phan bon, dong thai cho nang suat cao (86,2 ta/ha).
Tirkhoa: Dong me TGMS, dongR, to hop lai, mat do cay, cumlihom, miic phan bon.
I. DAT VAN DE
San xuat liia gao cua Viet Nam trong nhimg nam gan day da thu dupe nhirng thanh tmi to Idn, dua dat nude ta khong chi dii luong thirc ma edn xuat khau gao dung thir 2 the gidi. Tuy nhien, eiing vdi viec edng nghiep hda, hien dai hda dat nude trong khi dan sd ngay cang tang nhanh thi nhu cau liia gao cang Idn, nhung dien tich dat ndng nghiep dang bi thu hep lai. Trude tinh hinh nhu vay, viec dua eae gidng Ilia cd nang suat, chat lupng cao vao san xuat tren ca sd ap dung cac bien phap ky thuat la mdt van de het siie can thiet, dae biet la gidng lua lai ed nang suat, chat lupng cao. Ket qua thuc nghiem cho thay, trong san xuat hat lua lai Fl, ddng bd va ddng me dupe cay theo ty le va khoang each nhat dinh. Ty le hang, khoang each cay bd, cay me cung nhu sd danh cay ddng bd ed anh hudng den nang suat hat lai ro ret. Vi hat lai Fl dugc thu tren ddng me, do dd can bd tri ty le hang bd, me cung nhu sd danh cay de ddng me thu dupe ed sd bdng va hat ehde nhieu nhat De dap ung dupe nhu cau lupng hat gidng lua lai Fl cho san xuat tai viing ddng bang Bac bd, de tai
"Nghien cuu mot so bien phap ky- thuat trong san
xuat hat lai Fl va tham canh lua lai thuong pham Viet Lai 50"da dugc tien hanh.
IL VAT L P VA PHUONG P H A P NGHIEN CUU 1. V$t U^u
Vat lieu gdm: Ddng me 135S va ddng bd R50 do Vien Nghien euu Lua - Trudng Dai hoe Ndng nghiep Ha Npi chpn tao ra.
Thoi gian va dia diem tien hanh:Be tai thuc hien trong 2 vu: Vu he thu 2(X)9 va vu xuan 2010 tai Vien Nghien ciru Liia - Trudng Dai hpc Ndng nghiep Ha Ndi va tai huyen Thuan Thanh, tinh Bae Ninh.
2. Phuong phdp nghien ciru a. Thi nghiem 1
(Vu h6 thu 2009) vd ty le hang, sd danh cay cay bd eua td hpp liia lai VL50 lien quan den ky thuat san xuat hat lai Fl tai Vien Nghien cuu Liia - Trudng Dai hpc Ndng nghiep Ha Ndi.
Thai vu gieo ma: Me gieo ngay: 24/6. Bd 1 gieo ngay: 30/6; bd 2 gieo ngay: 2/7.
* Bd tri thi nghiem 2 nhan td theo ki^u split- plot (chia d) gdm 3 edng thiic va 3 Ian nhae lai.
- 0 Idn: Sir dung 3 edng thirc cay theo ty le bd:
me la: 2:18. 2:20 va 2:22.
' Khoa Nong hpc, Truong D^i hpc Nong nghi?p Ha Npi
10 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON KY 2-THANG 6/2011
KHOA HOC CdNG NGH|
- 0 nhd: Gdm 01 mat dp cay eay me va 4 mat dd cay cay bd (4 kieu bd tri cay bd theo cum khdm) la:
4, 6, 8 va 10 danh/cum khdm.
- Mat dp khoang each cay (theo each bd tri cua Dai hpc Nong nghiep Quang Tay, Trung Qude, 2008):
+ Doi voi ddng me: Cay 1 danh/khdm, Khoang each 18 cm x 10 em, tuong duong 46 khdm/m^.
+ Doi voi dong bo: Cay 2 danh/khdm. Sd danh bd duoc bd tri cay theo 4 loai cum khdm (2, 3, 4 va 5 khdm/cum). Mat dp tuong img la 22, 33, 44 va 56 danh/m^
Sd cay bd d day dupe quy ra theo kieu cum khdm.
Kieu bo tri 4 danh/cum khom: Cay theo cum khdm (mdi cum ed 2 khdm; mdi khdm cay 2 danh ma, khoang each cay 20 em x 36 cm ), mat dp 27,6 danh/m^.
Kieu bo tri 6 danh/cum khom: Cay theo cum khdm (mdi cum ed 3 khdm; mdi khdm eay 2 danh ma, khoang each cay theo 3 dinh eua hinh tam giac can, cd canh day dai 22 em, chieu cao 20,5 cm, mat dp 33danh/m^.
Kieu bo tri 8 danh/cum khom: Cay theo cum khdm (mdi cum ed 4 khdm; mdi khdm cay 2 danh ma, khoang each eay 11,5 em x 20 em , mat dp 44 danh/m^.
Kieu bo tri 10 danh/cum khom: Cay theo cum khdm (mdi cum cd 5 khdm; mdi khdm eay 2 danh ma, khoang each eay theo dinh va tam ciia hinh chiir nhat, dai 20 cm, rdng 18 cm va giao eua 2 dudng cheo), mat dd 56 danh/m^.
b. Thi nghiem 2
Xac dinh mat dp va phan bdn cho to hpp liia lai Viet Lai 50 dupe bd tri theo kieu split-plot gdm_2 nhan td:
-^ 0 Idn: gdm 3 edng thirc cay vdi mat dp tuong img: 33, 28 va 25 khdm/m^ (mdi khdm cay 3 danh) vdi 3 Ian nhae lai; tuong duong vdi 99, 84 va 75 danh/khdm.
-I- 0 nhd: edng thue tuong duong vdi 4 mirc phan bdn (kg/ha) (ty Id N:P:K 1:1:1): CT 1 (170 N + 170 P2O5 + 170 K2O), CT 2 (190 N -H190 P2O5 + 190 K2O), CT 3 (210 N -H 210 P2O5 + 210 K2O) va CT 4 (230 N -^
230 P2O5-1- 230 K2O) vdi 3 Ian nhae lai.
Nghien eiiru: Cac chi tieu danh gia theo quy trinh eua Vien Liia (DHNNHN); danh gia tinh chdng chju sau benh va kha nang chdng dd theo thang diem ciia IRRI (He thdng tieu chuan danh gia liia).
Xuly so lieu: Sd Ueu dupt xu ly trdn may vi tinh bang chuong trinh Excel va IRRISTAT 5.0.
•.KET QUA VA THAO LUAN
1. Mpt sd djc di^m sinh tnrdrng v^ ra hoa cua cAc ddng TGMS trong thi nghiem
a. G thoi ky ma
Sd lieu thu dupe d bang 1 cho thay sire sinh trudng, phat trien eua cay ma tdt, tudi ma bd 1 la 21 ngay, bd 2 la 18 ngay va ddng me la 26 ngay. Tai thdi diem tudi ma tuong img, chieu cao eay eua bd 1 la 31,2 em, bd 2 la 29,6 cm, ddng me 135S la 34,6 cm.
Bang 1. D ^ di^m sinh truong phdt tri& ciia ddng bd R50 vA ddng me 1358
Chitidu Tudi ma (ngay) Sd la ma khi cay Chieu cao: vudt la ma khi nhd eay (em) Sd nhanh ma khi cay Thdi gian tir gieo den trd
10% (ngay) Sd la/than chinh Chidu cao cay (cm) Sd bong/khdm Sd hoa/bong
Chieu dai cd bong (cm)
BdR50 b d l : 2 1 ; bd 2:19 bd 1:5,8; bd 2:5,1 bd 1: 31,2; bd 2: 29,8 bd 1:3,2; bd 2:1,8
76 14,6 95,6 4,5 286,6
4,6
Me 135S
26 6,8 34,6
2,4 80 15,3 86,2 4,8 231,8
-5,9 Tai thdi diem tudi ma neu tren, sd la cua ddng bd 1 dat 5,8 la, bd 2 dat 5,1 la va ddng me 135S dat 6,8 la.
Nhu vay, su chdnh Ideh giira bd 1 vdi ddng me 135S la 1,0 la, dieu nay da tao co sd cho sir trd bong, nd hoa trimg khdp. Cdn su ehSnh Idch sd la giira bd 1 vdi bd 2 la 0,7 la, sg tao nen eae cao diem cung cap phan lien tiep cho ddng me. Cac sd la nhu vay cdn cho thay, sir chenh lech sd la giira bd 1, bd 2, me 135S la dam bao sir nd hoa triing khdp va phii hpp vdi ket qua nghien cuu eda Nguyin Van Hoan
(2005). Tai thdi diem tudi ma (bang 1) eae ddng bd me da ed nhanh, sd nhanh ciia bd 1 la 3,2 nhanh, bd 2 la 1,8 nhanh, ddng me 135S la 2,4 nhanh. Sd nhanh tren dem cay dam bao cho sir sinh trudng, phat trien ciing nhu kha nang de nhanh.
b. Sau cay va trd bong cua dong borne
Ket qua trinh bay trong bang 2 cho thay, viec nghien ciru eae dae diem eo ban eua ddng bd, me trong san xuat hat lai Fl ed \itn quan ddn eae bidn
KHOA HOC
C 6 N G N G H | phap ky thuat de nang eao nang suat hat lai Fl. Dacbiet su nd hoa triing khdp giira ddng bd va ddng me trong dieu kien vu he thu nam 2009. Thdi gian tir gieo den trd 10% eua ddng bd R50 la 76 ngay, ddng me 135S la 80 ngay. Nhu vay, thdi gian tir gieo den trd 10% eua ddng bd R50 ngdn hon ddng me la 4 ngay, vdi khoang thdi gian nay cho phep kiem soat, didu khien sir trd bdng, nd hoa triing khdp va ra hoa vao khoang thdi diem an toan.
Sd la tren than chinh ciia ddng bd R50 la 14,6 la, ddng me 135S la 15,3 la. Ket qua cho thay sd la cua ddng bd it hon sd la eua ddng me la 0,7 la. Can eir vao thdi gian tir gieo den trd 10% va sd la tren than chinh cho thay can phai bd tri gieo ddng me trude ddng bd (khoang 01 tuan) de dat dupe su trd bdng va nd hoa triing khdp. Chieu eao eay eua ddng bd la 95,6 cm, ddng me 135 la 86,2 cm, sir chenh lech ve chieu cao la 9,4 cm. Chieu dai cd bdng cua ddng me 135S la -5,9 cm dan den mdt sd hoa nim trong be la ddng se khdng nhan dupe hat phan tir ddng bd R50 va se bi lep. Van de dat ra la phai ed bien phap de liia ddng me trd thoat nham nang eao ty le ket hat va ty le hat chac/bong. Bien phap dugc thuc hien d thi nghiem nay la diing GAB. Sd bdng hiru hieu/khdm cua ddng bd la 4,5 bdng vdi sd hoa/bdng la 286,6 hoa. Ddng me 135S cd sd bdng hiru hieu /khdm dat
4,8 bdng vdi sd hoa la 231,8 hoa. Do vay, ddng bo R50 se tao nen eau tnie khdm lua Idn, tao ra lupng phan ddi dao cd the cung cap cho ddng me. Cdn ddng me vdi sd bdng va sd hoa nhu tren tao nen tiem nang nang suat cao trong san xuat hat lai Fl.
c. Sir tro bong va na hoa cua dong bo R50 va dong me 135S
Trd bong eua ddng bd R50 va ddng me 135S the hien d ehi tieu sd bdng trd trong ngay la mdt trong nhung ehi tieu rat quan trpng de ed the bd tri thdi diem trd bdng tap trung eua ddng bd trimg vdi thdi diem trd bdng tap trung cua ddng me tao tien de cho nang suat hat lai Fl cao. Ket qua d bang 2 va dd thj 1 cho thay: Ddng bd R50 ed thdi gian tir luc bat dau tro den ket thuc trd hoan toan la 9 ngay. Ngay thu nhat tro 2,6%, sau dd ty le trd bdng tang dan va eao diem tro tir ngay thir 2 den ngay thir 5 (ngay thir 5 ddng bd R50 tro dupe 84,1%), ty le trd bdng/ngay giam dan va ket thuc vao ngay thu 9, ngay eao diem dat 32,1% bong trd/ngay (ngay thiir 4 sau trd). Ddng me 135S trd dai hon, thdi gian trd la 11 ngay, ngay thiir nhat trd dupe 4,4%, tang cham, eao diem trd tir ngay thu 4 den ngay thu 8 (5 ngay), sau dd ty le trd bong/ngay giam dan va ket thiie trd vao ngay thir 11, ngay eao diem dat 22,8%
vao ngay thir 6 sau trd.
Ngay trd
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Bang 2: Trd bdng vk na hoa cua ddng bd R50 vA ddng m? 1358
Don vi tinh: % Trd bong
R50 Ty le trd bong/ngay
2,6 9,2 19,8 32,1 20,4 6,6 4,3 3,6 1.4 0 0 0
Tyle tich luy
2,6 11,8 31,6 63,7 84,1 90,7 95 98,6
100 100 100 100
135S Ty le trd bong/ngay
4,4 4,8 5,8 10,6 19,2 22,8 16,8 7,6 3,6 2,6 1,8
0
Tyle tich luy
4,4 9,2 15 25,6 44,8 67,6 84,4 92 95,6 98,2 100 100
Nahoa R50
Ty le nd hoa/khdm
1.9 10,2 15,6 27,2 22,6 10,6 5,8 3,6 1.6 0,9 0 0
Tyle tich luy
1.9 12.1 27,7 54,9 77,5 88,1 93,9 97,5 99,1 100 100 100
135S Ty le nd hoa/khdm
0.7 2,8 7,2 13,2 16,8 24,6 18,2 9,6 4,7 1.6 0,6 0
Tyle tich luy
0,7 3,5 10,7 23,9 40,7 65,3 83,5 93,1 97.8 99,4 100 100
12 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 6/2011
KHOA HOC CdNG NGHE
Hl.Ty 1$ t r d bdng ciia ddng b6 m ^
' 2 ^ 5 0
I - JO
» * < ^ ^ ^ t ^ f * » »
1 3 5 7 9 11 Thd^i gian t r d (ngciy)
- • — Ty l# tro b6ng/cua R50 ngSy - • — Ty 1$ tro b6ng cua 135S/ngdy
H2. Ty 1$ nif hoa ddng b6 m^
o
c ?^ 0 L » # # » # M » » ^
Thd"! gian (ng^y)
• Ty 1$ R50 nd- hoa/kh6m
•Tyl0135S n6' hoa/kh6m
Dd thi L 8 u trd bdng vi Nhu vay, ddng me 135S trd dai hon ddng bd R50 la 2 ngay, ddng me trd lai rai, ddng bd R50 trd tap trung, cao diem trd cua ddng bd trude ddng me 2 ngay. Vi vay, trong san xuat hat lai, can bd tri ddng me bat dau trd trude ddng bd 2-3 ngay de tan dung tdi da eao diem tung phan eua ddng bd. Sau khi trd bong, thdi diem hoa lua bat dau nd de dat dupe sir triing khdp giira ddng bd va ddng me, ngoai trd bong edn nghien ciru sir nd hoa eua ddng bd va ddng me nham dat sir triing khdp tdi da vd nd hoa cua bd me de cho nang suat hat lai eao.
2. Anh hudng cua ty I^ hing bd m? vk sd danh c^y ddng bd R50 ddn ty 1$ hoa ddng bd R50 vk ddng me 1358
Nghien ciru ty le hang bd, me va sd danh cay ddng bd trong san xuat hat lai Fl td hpp Viet Lai 50 (bang 3) cho thay 8 cong thirc cay P1S2, P1S3, P1S4, P2S2, P2S4, P3S2, P3S3, P3S4 cd ty Id hoa bd/hoa me la 1:3,2-3,5, phii hpp vdi nghien ciru cua Yuan va Fu (1995) cho rang de dat nang suat hat lai Fl sieu eao thi ty le hoa bd/hoa me la 1: 3,0-1:3,5.
- Su nahoa ciia dong bo R50 va ddng me 135S Ket qua (bang 2) cho thay ddng bd R50 nd hoa nhanh, thdi gian nd hoa eua mdi khdm la 10 ngay, ngay thu nhat nd 1,9% sau dd tdc dd nd hoa tang nhanh va dat eao diem tir ngay thir 2 den ngay thir 6, ngay cao diem nhat la ngay thir 4 dat 27,2%. Ddng me 135S cd tdc dd nd hoa cham, thdi gian nd hoa la 11 ngay. Ngay thir nhat nd 0,7% sau dd tdc dd tang cham, cao diem nd hoa tir ngay thir 4 den ngay thu 7, ngay nd hoa cao diem nhat la ngay thir 6 dat 24,6%.
Tir ket qua nay ed thd luu y cho viec san xuat hat lai Fl cua td hpp Viet Lai 50 can bd tri dd ddng me 1358 trd trude ddng bd R50 tir 2-3 ngay la tdt nhat, bdi khi dd se dat triing khdp giira 2 thdi diem nd hoa me la rd nhat va thdi diem tung phan bd ciing dat eao nhat Khi bdng lua ddng bd R50 trd, hoa lua nd nhung bao phan van ehua vo, dan den hat phan ehua dupe giai phdng ngay. Do dd, da nghien ciru ky thuat thu phan bd sung de hoan thien edng nghe san xuat hat lai Fl
nd hoa ciia bd R50 vk m? 1358
td hpp Viet Lai 50. Day la mot khau quan trpng mang tinh quyet dinh den sir thanh edng cua viec san xuat Ilia lai thuong pham. Quy trinh san xuat hat lai F l lien quan den nhidu bien phap ky thuat nhu: ty le hang bd, me, sd danh eay bd, me, ky thuat eay, ky thuat cham sdc... Sau day la ket qua nghien cuu ty le hang bd R50, me 1358 va sd danh cay liia bd.
Bang 3. Ty If hing bd m? \k sd danh c^y ddng bdR50dd
TT
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
C6ng thiic PlSl P1S2 P1S3 P1S4 P2S1 P2S2 P2S3 P2S4 P3S1 P3S2 P3S3 P3S4
n ty If hoa c Sd hoa bd
R50 (trieu hoa/ha)
96,6 128,3 135,6 123,9 92,8 131,7 146,8 129,4 96,2 134,6 141,5 126,7
dngbdR50viddng Sd hoa
m? 1358 (trieu hoa/ha)
418,6 419,2 419,6 419,8 430,9 436,6 438,8 439,8 441,9 442,6 443,9 445,8
Tylf hoa bd:
hoam?
Omi) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
4,3 3,3 3,2 3,4 4,7 3,3 2,9 3,4 4,9 3,3 3,1 3,5
me 135S Tsylf d|lu
h^t ddng ra?(%)
40,1 60,5 54,3 50,1 36,6 55,1 49,7 45,8 34,0 46,7 44,2 40,1 Ghi chu: P: Ty le hang bo/me (Pl=2:18;
P2=2:20; P3=2:22); Sl= 4 danh bo/cum khdm; S2= 6 danh bo/cum khdm; S3= 8 danh bo/cum khdm; S4=
10 danh bo/cum khdm); so trieu hoa duoc tinh tr6n dem vi IT? rdi quy ra ha
Nhu vay, khi tang sd hang me thi sd hoa/ha cua nd cung tang dan tir 418,6 trieu hoa den 445,8 tridu hoa, sd hoa ddng bd tir 96,2 - 146,8 trieu hoa/ha; ket qua cho ty Id dau hat lai cao nhat (60,5%) la d cong thirc eay P1S2 (2 bd:18 me va eay bd theo 6 danh/cum khdm); tiep den la P2S2 (55,1%) va P1S3 (54,3%).
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
3. Anh hudng ciia ty If h ^ g bd me ddn cAc ydu td cau thanh nang su^t hat lai F l
Sd lieu d bang 4 cho thay sd bdng/khdm, sd hat/bdng va khdi lupng 1000 hat ed sir sai khae khdng dang ke giira eae edng thirc. Sd bdng/khdm, sd hat/bdng eua eae edng thirc dao ddng tir 5,0 (d edng thuc 2:18) den 5,4 bdng/khdm (d edng thuc 2:22) va tir 219,8 hat/bdng (d PI 2:18) den 223,2
tir 21,9 g id P3= 2:22) den 22,3 g (d P4= 2:18). Tuy it cd sir khac nhau ve sd bdng/khdm va khdi lupng 1000 hat giira eae edng thuc nhung do ty le hang bo, me giira eae edng thirc la khae nhau dan den dien tich ddng me ciing khac nhau. Cu the dien tich hang me tang tir 68,5% den 72,1% nen sd hoa cua ddng me tren don vi san xuat hat lai cung tang tuong ung, tao tien de cho viec nang eao nang suat hat lai Fl.
hat/bong (d P2= 2:20). Khdi luong 1000 hat dao ddng
Bang 4. Anh hudng ciia ty Id hkng bd me ddn cAc ydu td cau thanh nang su^t vi nang suat hat lai Fl Cdng
thiic
Tylf difn tich hing me (%)
8d bdng/
khdm
Sdhat/
bdng
Tylf hat ehae
(%)
M 1000(g)
Nang su^t thuc thu (ta/ha)
SI S2 S3 S4
Nang suat theoP (ta/ha)
2:18 68,5 5,4 219,8 35,8 22,2 27,0 30,1 28,4 27,0 28,5
2:20 70,2 5,3 223,2 32,4 22,3 33,7 30,0 29,3 33,7 31,0
2:22 72,1 5,0 221,2 30,2 21,9 31,2 30,6 28,3 31,2 30.0
Trung binh theo cum khdm 29,6 28,9 27,4 29,6
Ghi chu: MIOOO: khdi luong 1000 hat; P: Ty le hang bo/me (PI =2:18; P2=2:20; P3=2:22); Sl= 4 danh bo/cum khdm; S2= 6 danh bo/cum khdm; S3= 8 danh bo/cum khdm; S4= 10 danh bd/cum khdm)
Ty le hat ehae ed su sai khae kha ro ret giira cac edng thire. Hau het ket qua cho thay khi tang ty le hang me thi ty le hat ehae giam. Ty le hat ehae giam tir 35,8% d ty le hang bd, me (2:18) xudng mirc 30,2%
d ty le hang bd, me (2:22). Dieu nay ehung td da cd sir mat can ddi giira ty le hoa bd/hoa me, din den khong du lupng phan ddng bd de cung cap cho ddng me. Nhu vay ty le bd/me la 2:18 la cong thirc phii hpp nhat cho nang suat hat lai Fl Viet Lai 50 cao nhat
Ket qua so sanh nang suat do tac ddng cua sd danh eay khae nhau dan den nang suat khae nhau d mirc cd y nghla a = 0,05: khi eay 6 danh cho nang suat eao nhat vdi 31,0 ta/ha, cay 8 danh nang suat dat thap hon (30,0 ta/ha); khi eay 4 danh va 10 danh deu cho nang suat thap hon nura (28,5 ta/ha va 24 ta/ha).
Nhu vay khi eay it danh qua se khdng dam bao sd lupng eay, do vay nang suat khong eao, ngupc lai neu cay nhieu danh qua dan den canh tranh dinh duong Cling khong dam bao dupe nang suat. Ciing tuong tu nhu ty le dau hat, ty le bd: me cho nang suat eao nhat la 2 bd/18 me vdi nang suat 29,6 ta/ha, tiep den la 2 bd/20 me (28,9 ta/ha), thap nhat la 2 bd/22 me. Nhu vay sd hang me trong thi nghiem cang tang thi nang
khi eay 8 danh/cum khdm eiing d ty le 2 bd/18 me. Cac phuong phap cay khac deu ed nang suat thap hon. Nhu vay, day la hai phuong phap eay (6 danh/cum khdm va 8 danh/cum khdm d ty le 2 bd/18) cho nang suat tdt nhat
4. Anh hudng ciia mat dd c^y v i mirc phin bdn ddn nhi6m bfnh v i cAc ydu td c^u thinh nang su^t ciia td hpp Vif t Lai 50
8d lieu b bang 5 cho thay edng thiic M2Q3 (84 danh/m^ va 210 N -^ 210 P2O5 + 210 K2O kg/ha) c6 chidu eao eay cao nhat (112,0 cm), thap nhat la M2Q2 92 cm (84 danh/m^ va 190 N -t- 190 P2O5 + 190 K2O kg/ha), eae cdng thire edn lai tang trudng chieu cao tuong duong nhau trong khoang 95,5 cm den 101,0 cm. O mat dd thap (75 danh/m^ ket hpp vdi bdn phan d cac mirc khac nhau deu ed dp tang trudng sd nhanh cao hon cac mat dd khac, eu the cao nhat la cdng thirc M1Q4 (75 danh/m^ va phan bdn 230 N + 230 P2O5 + 230 K2O kg/ha) vdi 8,6 nhanh, sau dd la cdng thirc M1Q2 vdi 8,4 nhanh, hai cdng thiic MlQl vi M1Q3 deu cd 8,2 nhanh. 6 eae mat dp M2, M3 khi ket hpp vdi cac mirc phan bdn khac nhau deu ed sd nhanh thap dudi 8 nhanh (tir 6,6 - 7,8 nhanh). Dieu nay cho thay khi cay mat dp thap kdt hpp vdi bdn phan cao da suat cang giam. Tuong tac cua sd danh bd eay theo ed tac dung tdt cho viec tang sd nhanh.
cum khdm (d mirc y nghla a = 0,05) cho thay nSng 6 dieu kidn ddng ruong, tat ea eae cdng thiic thi suat cd sai khae ro r e t Nang suat dat eao nhat khi nghiem deu bj nhidu sau benh. Miie dp nhidm d cac eay 6 danh/cum khdm d ty le 2 bd/18 me, tiep den cdng thire ed su khac nhau dang ke. Benh khd van
14
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 6/2011
KHOA HOC CdNG NGHl
phat trien manh d mpi cdng thirc, dae biet d cac edng thire ed mat dd eay cao nhu M3Q3 (99 danh/m^ va 210 N -t- 210 P2O5 -I- 210 K2O kg/ha) va M3Q4 (99 danh/m^ va 230 N-H230 P205-t- 230 K2O kg/ha), mac dii mat dd thap hon nhung do bdn phan eao nen cong thirc M2Q4 cd mire dd nhidm khd van cao (diem 5). O cac cdng thiic cd mat dp eay thap, mire dd nhidm chi d mire 3 vdi bat ky mire bdn phan nao.
Benh dao on cung didn bien tuong tu benh kho van, khi mat dd eay va lupng phan bdn tang thi miic dd nhidm benh cung tang. Ddi vdi sau cudn la, mire dd nhilm d cac cdng thiic cd mat dd cay cao va phan bdn nhieu cung bi hai nang hon. Rieng ddi vdi sau due than, mirc dp nhiem d eae edng thirc la nhu nhau. Nhin ehung miic dp hai eua sau, benh tren ddng rudng ddi vdi td hpp Viet Lai 50 cang tang khi mat dd cay va phan bdn tang.
Khi tang sd danh caiy va mirc phan bdn thi sd bong/khdm cd xu the tang. Tuy nhien, d mat dd cay
M2Q2 (84 danh/m^ va mire phan bdn la 190 N -i- 190 P2O5 + 190 K2O kg/ha) cho sd bdng/khdm li cao nhat (5,6 bong) va sd hat/ bdng dat 245,8 hat, ty Id hat ehae dat 88,2%. Khi tang mat dd cay va mire phan bdn thi sd bdng/khdm cd xu hudng giam dan va ty If hat ehae cung nhu sd hat/bdng cung cd xu the giam di. O mat dd 84 danh/m^ vdi tat ea cac miic bdn phan khac nhau cac chi tieu cau thanh nang suat deu cd ket qua cao hon han eae cong thiic eay khac. O eae cong thiic eay vdi mat dp 99 danh/m^ cac chi tieu cau thanh nang suat dat thap hon ca, cong thire M3Q2 ed sd bdng/khdm thap nhat, ehi dat 4,6 bdng/khdm; edng thiic M3Q4 cd ty le hat chac/bdng thap nhat (85,8%). Cac cdng thirc cay d mat dd 75 danh/m^ cd sd bdng/khdm dat kha, nhung so hat/bdng vi ty Id hat ehae ddu thap hon cac cong thiic cd mat dd 84 danh/m^. Ddi vdi chi tieu khdi lupng 1000 hat, d eae edng thuc khong cd sir sai khae nhau d miic y nghla 0,05.
Bang 5. Anh hudng
Cong thuc MlQl M1Q2 M1Q3 M1Q4 M2Q1 M2Q2 M2Q3 M2Q4 M3Q1 M3Q2 M3Q3 M3Q4 CV%
Sd danh 8,2 8,4 8,2 8,6 7,7 7,7 7,8 7,6 7,0 6,6 7,1 7,1 0.62
ciia mat d6 c^y vi miic phin bdn ddn nhidm bf nh vi c td hprp Vif t Lai 50 vu xuin 2010 dThuin Thinh, 1 Chidu cao
cay (cm) 98,2 96,6 98,1 98,9 99,1 92,0 112,0
97,0 95,5 101,0
97,7 98,2 4.74
Sdbong/
khdm 5,0 5,1 5,1 5,3 5,2 5,6 5,4 5,4 4,6 4,7 4,9 5,0 0.29
Hat/
bong 213,3 217,2 220,8 225,6 230,0 245,8 235,5 230,8 226,2 220,8 218,2 220,2 9.07
Tylf HC(%)
86,6 85,2 85,6 86,1 86,5 88,2 87,5 87,1 86,5 87,2 86,1 85,5 0.88
MIOOO (g) 24,4 24,4 24,3 24,2 24,3 24,5 24,3 24,4 24,1 24,2 24,1 24,3 0.12
NSTT 72,2 75,1 76,3 76,9 77,2 86,2 81,7 79,6 72,6 80,1 77,7 76,2 3.88
Ac ydu td c^u thinh ning iacNinh
Cudn li 1 1 1 1 3 3 1 1 3 3 3 3 -
Due thin
-
Khd vin 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 5 3 3 5 5 -
su^t cua Daodn
1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 - Ghi chu: M: so danh cay/nf; Q: mue phan bdn; HC:
suat thuc thu
Phan tich, so sanh mat dd vi phan bdn anh hudng den nang suat td hpp Viet Lai 50 cho thay mat dd khac nhau da dan den nang suait khae nhau, cac miic phan bdn khac nhau cung cho nang suat khac nhau d mire y nghla 0,05. Tuy nhien, anh hudng giira mat dd va phan bdn d mue khdng cd y nghla. Ddi vdi mat dd caiy: d mat dd cay Ml (75 danh/m^ cho nang suat dat tir 72,2 -76,9 ta/ha, thap nhat li MlQl (72,2 ta/ha). Khi tang mat dd cay d mire M2 (84 danh/m^
thi nang suait dat tir 77,2-86,2 ta/ha. Cao nhait la
hat chdc; MIOOO: Khdi luong 1000 hat; NSTT: ning
M2Q2 (86,2 ta/ha), neu tiep tuc tang mat dp cay Idn 99 danh/m^ thi nang suat lai giam xudng. Nhu vay, mat dd cay thap da khdng dam bao dupe sd eay dan den nang suat thap, ngupc lai khi eay vdi mat dd eao da lam nang suat giam, mat dd thich hpp nhat ddi vdi td hpp Viet Lai 50 li 84 danh/m^ Ddi vdi mire phan bdn: khi bdn phan d mire thap Ml (170 N -1- 170 P2O5 + 170 K2O kg/ha) cho ning suat thap; d mirc phan bdn M2 nang suat trung binh (80,5 ta/ha) cua td hpp Viet Lai 50 dat cao nhait. Nhu vay, mat dp cay 84
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
danh/m^ (M2) vdi miic phan bdn 190 N + 190 P2O5 -t- 190 K2O k g / h a (Q2) ddi vdi liia lai thuong pham Viet Lai 50 la thich hpp, cho nang suat cao.
IV. KET LUAN V A D E NGHl l.Kdtluan
- Trong vu xuan, ddng me 1358 d edng thiic cay 84 danh/m^ va mire phan bdn 210 N -1- 210 P2O5 + 210 K2O k g / h a ed chieu eao dat 112,0 em.
- Phuong phap cay 6 danh v i ty le 2 hang bd : 18 hang me cho n i n g suat hat lai F l eua td hpp Viet Lai 50 eao nhat (33,7 ta/ha).
- O mat dd caiy thaip, cong thiie M1Q4 (75 danh/m^ va phan bdn 230 N + 230 P2O5 + 230 K2O kg/ha) va M1Q2 (75 danh/m^ va phan bdn 190 N + 190 P2O5 + 190 K2O kg/ha) ed sd nhanh Idn nhait 8,6 v i 8,2 nhanh.
- O dieu kien ddng rudng, miic dd nhidm benh kho van (diem 3-5) manh hon benh dao on (diem 1- 3); mirc dd gay hai ciia sau cudn la tren ddng rudng cung manh hon (diem 1-3) sau due than (diem 1).
- Ddi vdi lua lai thuong pham Viet Lai 50, mat dp cay 84 danh/m^ (M2) vdi miic phan bdn 190 N + 190 P2O5 + 190 K2O k g / h a (Q2) l i thich hpp, vira dam bao viec tiet Idem gidng v i phan bdn ddng thdi cho nang suat eao (86,2 ta/ha).
2. Dd nghj
Can ed nhirng nghien ciru them ve anh hudng cua mat dd, ty le hang bd : me v i p h i n bdn ddi vdi td hpp Viet Lai 50 de cd ket luan chinh x i c hon.
TAI UEU T H A M KHAG
1. Nguydn Thi Gam (2003). Nghien cuu ngudn gien bat due due di truyen nhan m i n cam vdi nhiet dd (TGMS) phuc vu cong t i e tao gidng lua lai hai ddng d Viet Nam. Luan an tien si Ndng nghiep, tr. 84, 110,121,151.
2. Nguydn Tri Hoan, Nguydn Thi Gaim (2003).
Nghien eioi chpn tao liia lai hai ddng TGMS7 va T G M S l l . Tap chi NN v i PTNT, (3), tr. 255 - 256.
3. Hoang Tuyet Minh (2002). Lua lai hai ddng.
N h i xuat ban NN, H i Ndi. tr. 10-127.
4. Phan Him Ton, Biii Trpng Thiiy (2003). Kha nang gay nhidm cua cac ehung benh bae la liia b mien Bac Viet Nam. Hdi thao qude gia ve benh cay v i sinh hpc phan tu, tr 78-86.
5. Nguydn Thi Tram (2005). Ket qua chpn tao gidng Ilia lai hai ddng mdi. Tap chi Khoa hpc Ky thuat Ndng nghiep (1), Trudng Dai hoc Ndng nghiep H i Ndi, tr. 55 - 61, 31.
6. V. T T. Hien, N. V. Hoan, Yasui, H. and Yoshimura, A (2007). Development of a new thermo- sensitive genie male sterility line with bacterial blight resistance by molecular marker-assisted selection.
Inter. Seminar on Hybrid rice and agro ecosystem, 22-25 Nov. 2007 HUA,p4S5L
7. N . V Hoan, V.H. Quang, B . T T h u y (2005). Use of Nearly Isogenic Lines for Bacterial Leaf blight Resistance in Hybrid Rice Breeding Program. Bull. Inst Trop. Agr., Kyushu Univ. 28-1 (Special Issue): 9-13,2005.
8. Yuan, L P. (1994). Purification seed of rice PGMS and TGMS line. J. Hybrid rice. N° 6, pp. 1-3.
RESEARCHING ON SOME OF TECHNIQUES IN HYBRID F l SEED PRODUCTION AND INTENSIVE CULTIVATION OF RICE VIET LAI 50 HYBRID
Nguyen Van Cuong, Duong Van Thang Summary
The research on effect of growing density, seedling number/clump of rice transplant of male and female in hybrid seed and commecial hybrid with high yield, the experiment for seed production was carried out at Rice Research Institute of HUA (RRT) and for rice product at Thuan Thanh district (Bac Ninh province).
The trial time is from 2008-20010. The received data of trial is treatmented by Excel, IRRISTAT 4.0. The research result shows that (1) the highest Fl (33.7 quintals /ha) is at growing 6 seedlings/clump group and percentage of mother: farther is equal with 2:18; (2) at the lowest transplant desity, 02 treatments: M1Q4 (75 seedlings/m' with fertilize 230 N+230 P2O5+23O K2O kg/ha) and M1Q2 (75 seedlings/m^ with fertilize 190 N + 190 P2O5 + 190 JC2O kg/ha), the rice plant has highest branch number (8.6 and 8.2 branches); (3) at the field condition, the rice is intected by drought desease stronger than Pirycula oryzae desease (point 1- 3); (3) for commodity Viet Lai 50 rice, the transplant density at 84 seedlings/m^ with fertilize 190 N+190 P2O5+I9O KjO kg/ha is suitable, that is not only save money for seed and fertilizers but also receive high yield (86.2 quintals/ha).
Keywords: TGMS mother line, Rline, hybrid, transplant density, climb group, fertilizer indicator Ngudi phan bifn: G8.TS. Hoing Tuydt Minh
