KHOA HOC CONG NGI
IVGHIEM CLJTJ KY THUAT GIEO UOTVI LOAl XOAY {Dialium caciBincitinensis P i e r r e ) TIJ HAT
O TilVH THIJA THIEIV - HUE, VI$T IVAM
H6ng Bich Ngpc^ Fh^m Cudng^, Trdn Thi Thiiy H ^ Dmh Tbi Hirong DuyfenS Nguydn Lan Hiiiong'
T6MTAT
Xoay {Dialium cochmchinensis Pierre) hay xay, xay, la met la loai cay ban dia co gia tn cao ve kinh te va bdo tdn. Ngoai cung cap g6, qui xoay dupe thi trudng ua chuong nen loai nay bi khai thac can kiet d rimg tu nhien, can duoc bao ve va gay tiong phuc hdi. Nghien ciiu nhung dae diem hinh thai, pham chat gieo irom va ky thuat cham soc cay con giai doan vudn uom nhdm cung cap nhiing thdng tin ca ban cho cong tac san xuat cay con loai xoay hifeu qua, phuc vu cong tac trong ning cay ban dia b Viet Nam. Ket qua n ^ e n cuu vd ky thuat gieo uom loai xoay da xac dinh duoc thdi diem thu hai hat gidng phii hpp tir thang 7 den thang 9 bdng phuong phap thu hai qua tren cay; ap dung phmmg phap cat trir kho thong thudng, thdi giau cat tru tien 3 nam. Qua xoay hinh xoan, chieu dai 1,9 cm, chidu rpng 1,4 cm; mdi qui co trung binh 1,08 hat/qua.
Hat hinh hat dau hoi det, chieu dai 1,1 cm, chidu rong 0,9 cm va 1 kg hat co 3.001 hat, dp thudn hsU; pong dat 96,4%. Phuong phap xii ly hat bang nuoc SO^C ngam trong 12 gid cho ty 16 nay mam dat tren 92,796 va thdi gian niy mam 16 hat gidng tiong 32 ngay. Gieo hat vao tiii bau kich thudc 9 x 14 cm, ty 1? hdn hpp ruot bau phii hpp gdm 83-84% dat tang mat, 15% phan chuong hoai va 1-2% phan NPK. Dp che sang giai doan ddu 100% va giam dan con 25% sau 9 thang, luong tudi nude 4 Ut/m^ va bdn phan 30-50 g/m^ cho cay sinh trudng tdt. Cay con 12 thang tudi c6 chieu cao binh quan 51 cm, dudng kinh co r6 0,5 cm. Budc dau xac dinh tieu chuan cay con xuat vudn tir 12-18 thing tudi, chieu cao tdi thieu 50 cm, dudng kinh gdc tu 0,5 cm trd len, cay cd pham chat tdt, khong cut ngon va khong bi sau b6nh hai.
Tii khda: Ky thuat gieo uom tii hat, cay Xoay, Thua Thien - Hue.
1 . BAT VAN BE ^dng bi 60.000 dong ddn 120.000 ddng/kg, su bien ,^ , , , , - . ^ r^ , ddng gia ed tiiy thudc vdo miic dd khan hiem qud Xoay hay eon goi la xay, xay hay la met {Diahum .. . . /v ^ • *i- -- - i • i • - .s u- u • Di „ N \L - w ul ir-,«™ giua cac nam. u tren the gioi xoay Id loai cay dupe
dua vdo chien lupc quan ly va bdo tdn. Trong dd Chuong trinh trao ddi lam san ngoai gd tai eac nude Campuehia, An Dp, Indonesia, Malaysia, Phihppine /u - 1^.1, A —r- M • m - T - v T • nni^A vd Viet Nam vao nam 2016 xdc dinh dua lodi xoay vao (huyen KBang) va Tay Nguyen ^ o Tat Lm, 2004 , , . .• ^ .,. , ,. = ^ .
™ TT . ,1' innm A \u ' w TT • nhom cay cung cap go va lam san ngoai go, can duoc Pham Hoang Ho, 1999). Go xoay thuoc nhom 11 va , , ^^ , . . , ; ,^^ _ , „ „ n^,,-,
- . S ' •^ • bao ton dua vao cong dong (Pito F. va CS, 2015) duoc xep vao nhdm muc thiet, duoc ua ehudng trong _ u A ^ - A u A -. - i.- - ^ -
.^ . , , , , . , , eung nhu duoc xac dinh dua vao nhom cay go rung san xuat do moc dan dung hien nay va mua ban kha ^^^^ ^y^_^ 1 ^ ^^ ^^^^ ^, ^^^ ,^ ^.^ ^^^^
pho bien W n thj truong (Bo U m ngWep, 1977). „ „ e dich thirong mai qudc t^ 6 khu ™c Dong Nam A Ngoai khai thac de lay go, ngum dan dm phuong khai (UNEP-WCMC, 2007). Voi nhung gia tii va trong thac xoay de thu hai qua de ban. Vi vay loai xoay ^ ^ j j ^ doa cao a rung tu nhien, nghien c™ cac bien dang bi khai thac kiet o rang tu nhien. Co the no. ^^^ ^ ^ 1^,^ , , „ ^. ^^.^ ^^^ ,^ ^ _,, ^ ^ rang xoay la loai cay ban dia da tac dung va co gia In ^ ^ ^ ^^^ ^^ ^ ^ ^ ^^^ ^^ , ^ ^ . ^ ^ ^ ^ ^^ ^ ^ kinh t^ cung nhu bao ton rat cao Go xoay duoc su ^ .^ ^ . ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ . ^ ^ ^ ^ . ^ . .
dung de dong do moc dan dung (cua, ban ghe...), ^.^ ^ ^ ^ . ^ ^ ^ ^^^^^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ , ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ qua dugc su dung de an trvrc tiep hoac che b.en nuoc ^ . ^ ^ ^ ^ p ^ ^ ^ ^ . ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ , ^ ^ giai khat va co nhu cau rat Ion, g,a 1 kg xoay dao ^^^ ^^^^ ^ ^j,„ ^ . ^ ^ ^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^ ^ . . ^, ^^^^
trien loai xoay ndi rieng, ciing nhu gdp phan cho ' Trudng Dai hpc Ndng Lam, Dai hpc Hue
cochinchinensis Pierre) thudc phan hp Vang (Cesanpinide) cua hp Dau (Fabaceae), la lodi cay hdn dia d Vidt Nam, phan bd rai rac tii tinh Thanh Hda trd vao Nam vd phan bd phd bien nhdt d tinh Gia Lai
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE chien luge trdng rimg cay ban dia hien nay b Vidt
Nam.
2. Mil T1IQNG, VAT UEU, Vl TRJ VA PHUONG PHAP NGIflBU CUU
2.1. Bdi tupng nghidn ciiu
Loai xoay phan bd d riing tu nhien thudc huyen K'Bang, tinh Gia Lai. Dua hat gidng ve thu nghiem ky thuat gieo uom tidn didu kidn tu nhidn d tinh Thira Thien - Hud.
2.2. V^t Udu nghidn cuu
Qua xoay dupe thu hdi tu rimg tu nhien tai xa Krong, huydn K'Bang, tinh Gia Lai. Sau thu hai 2 thang, qua xoay dupe sir dung de tien hdnh cac thi nghiem.
2.3. Vi til bd tii thi nghidm
Danh gia cac pham chat gieo uom tai Phdng thi nghidm Khoa Lam nghiep, Trudng Dai hpc Ndng Lam, Dai hpc Hue. Thi nghidm nhjm gidng lodi xoay dupe bd tri tai Virdn uom cua Cdng ty TNHH MTV Lam nghiep Huy Nguyen, tai td dan phd Bdn Phd, phuong Huong An, thi xa Huong Tra, tinh Thira Thien-Hue.
2.4. Phuofng phdp nghidn ciiii 2.4.1. Phuong phap nghidn cuu chung Su dung cac phuong phap chung ve dieu tra khao sat, bd tri thi nghiem d vudn uom, thu thap va phan tich sd Ueu nghien ciiu.
Su dung thdng kd todn hpc trong lam nghiep d^
xii ly sd hdu vd phdn tich sd hdu ciing nhu trong danh gia ket qua nghidn ciiu.
2.4.2. Phuong phap nghidn cdu cu thd 2.4.2.1. Phuong phap xac dinh cac chi tieu ve pham chat gieo trom
- Sii dung can phan tich dien hi cd sai sd den 0,01 mg de xdc dinh khdi lupng qua, hat; thudc kep kinh panme de do kich thudc qua va hat.
- Xac dinh kich thude qua, hat: Lay mdu ngdu nhien 3 lan lap lai, mdi lan Idy 30 qua hoac 30 hat gidng. Tien hdnh do vd xac dinh kich thudc qua, hat theo cdng thuc;
Chieu ddi: LTB = (LI + L2 -H L3)/3 Chieu rdng: RJE = (Rl + R2 -i- R3) / 3
Trong dd: 1^^, R^^: Chieu ddi va chidu rdng trung bmh; Lj, Lg. W Chieu dai trung binh eua cac
lan lap; Rj, R2, Rgi Chidu rdng trung binh cua cac Idn lap.
- Xdc dinh ty Id khdi luong hat binh quan/qua:
Tliu ngdu nhien 30 qua vdi ba lan lap lai, tien hanh can de xdc dinh khdi lupng qua. Sau dd, tdeh lay hat va can sd hat bdc ra tir Id qua. Ty le khdi lupng hat/qua duoe tinh nhu sau:
Ty Id khdi lupng hat/qua - Ph^/P^^^ x 100.
Trong dd: Ph^,: Khdi luong hat duoc tach ra tir Id qua gidng dem kiem nghiem; Pq^^: Khdi lupng Id qua gidng dem kiem nghidm.
- Dp thudn hat gidng (E96): Ldy mdu ngdu nhidn ba lan lap, sd luong mdi lan lap ngdu nhidn vd xdc dinh theo edng thiic sau:
E (%) - (Sd hat ehdc/Sd hat dem kiem nghiem) xlOO.
Trong do: E Id dd thuan hat gidng (%).
- Xdc dinh ty Id nay mam (R%) dupe bd tri cdng thuc thi nghiem vdi ba lan lap, ngam hat tiong nude ndng 80"C trong thdi gian 6 gid, 12 gid, 18 gid, 24 gid va ddi chiing (ngam hat tiong nude am 54''C tiong 12 gid). Hat gidng sau xu ly duoe u vdo bdng tham d phdng thi nghidm. Duih ky sau mdi ngay nia chua cho Id hat thi nghidm va thay bdng tiiam; Idem tra hat niit nanh vd ghi vdo phieu theo ddi. Ty le nay mam (R%) dupe tinh theo cdng tiiiie:
R (%) = (Sd hat nay mam/Sd Id hat dem Idem nghiem) x 100
Khdi luong 1.000 hat (gram) duoc xac dinh bdng phuong phap chpn mdu ngdu nhidn ba lan lap.
Xac dmh khdi lupng cua mdu tiii nghiem (mdu lay ngdu nhidn d ba vi tri tien, giiia vd dudi ciia Id hat gidng), sau dd tinh quy doi ra gid tri khdi lupng 1.000 hat.
2.4.2.2. Thi nghidm vS do che sang va thu thap sdheu sinh tivdng cay con d vudn uom
Tien hdnh hd tri thi nghiem theo khdi ngdu nhidn day du ba lan lap. Cae edng thiic bd tri thi nghiem theo dp che sang lan lupt 100%, 75%, 50%, 25%
va ddi chung (khdng che sang) tirong ung vdi ky hieu cac cdng Ihiic tiii nghiem la A, B, C, D, E va F.
Trong qua trinh cham sdc, dd ehe sang cac cdng thiic deu giam dp che sang vdo thdng thii 3, thdng thii 6 va thang thir 9, mdi Idn gidm dp che sdng 25%.
Sau dd giii ehe do che sang tuong ling cua cae cdng
NONG NGHIEP VA PHATTRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 1/2019
KHOA HOC C6Ne NG thiic thi nghiftm cho din 12 thang. Luong nuoc tuoi
va phan bon a cac cong thiic thi nghiem la nhu nhau.
So d6 bo tri thi nghidm anh huong dfi che sang duoc thi hien a bang 1. Sii dung thuoc ke di do chieu cao vut ngon, thuoc kep Mnh panme d^ do d u t a g kinh cd rS cay con. Thoi gian theo doi tir liic gieo uom den cay con 12 thang tuoi. Cii 30 ngay ti&
hanh do dim cac chi tieu sinh truong (chieu cao viit ngon, duong kinh co ri va pham chat cay con) mot lan. Ket qua do dem ghi vao phi^u lap san de xii ly, so sanh va danh gia.
Bang 1 Bo tri cAc cdng thiic Ihi nghiem LanlSp
Lan lap 1 Lan lap 2 Lan lap 3
Cong thiic Al
F2 B3
BI D2 C3
CI A2 F3
DI B2 A3
F l C2 D3 2.4.2.3. Thi nghiem anh hudng thanh phan rudt bau
Cdng thiic rudt bau trong nghien ciiu gdm 6 edng thiic bao gdm ea edng thiic ddi ehiing. Trong do gom: ddi chirng: 8596 dat -i-15% phan HCVS; CTl:
84% dat + 15% phan HCVS + 1% phan NPK (ty Id 16- 1 6 ^ T E ) ; CT2: 83% dat + 15% phan HCVS + 2% phan NPK; CT3: 82% dat + 15% ph^n HCVS + 3% phan NPK; CT4: 81% dat -i-15% phan HCVS + 4% phan NPK vd CT5: 80% dat + 15% phan HCVS + 5% phan NPK.
Cac cdng thiic thi nghiem bd tri theo khdi ngdu nhien ddy du 3 Idn lap. Mdi cdng thiie thi nghiem ed tong 90 cay, mdi lan lap Id 30 cay, Che dd che sang, tudi nude va bdn phan cham sdc Id gidng nhau d edc edng thiic thi nghidm.
2.4.2.4. Thi nghiem anh hudng cua luong nude tudi vaphan bdn
Bo tri thi nghidm theo khdi ngdu nhien ddy dii vdi 3 lan lap, mdi Idn lap cd sd lupng 30 cay. Lupng nude tudi su dung bao gdm 3 miie Id 2 ht/m^ 4 lit/m^, 6 Ut/m^, cii 2 ngdy tudi 1 Idn. Ddi vdi phan bdn, su dung loai phan NPK (ty le 20-20-15-hTE) vdi heu lupng bdn 30 g, 50 g vd 70 g tren 1 m^; dp dung phuong phdp hdn tudi (hda tan phdn vdo nude la) vd 3 thdng tudi 1 lan. Cae cdng thue tirdi nude vd bdn phdn bao gdm CTl: tudi 2 Ut/m^ va khdng bdn phan;
CT2: hidi 2 ht/m^vd bdn 30 g phdn NPK; CT3: tiidi 2 Ut/m^ va bdn 50 g phan NPK; CT4: tirdi 2 Ht/m^ va bdn 70 g phdn NPK; CT5; tudi 4 h't/m^vd khdng bdn phan; CT6: tudi 4 Ut/m^vd bdn 30 g phan NPK; CT7:
hidi 4 lit/m^ vd bdn 50 g phan NPK; CT8: tiidi 4 ht/m^
va bdn 70 g phan NPK; CT9: tiidi 6 Ut/m^ vd khdng bdn phan; CTIO: tiidi 6 ht/m^ va bdn 30 g phan NPK;
CTll: hidi 6 lit/m^vd bdn 50 g phan va CT12: tiidi 6 ht/m^ va bdn 70 g phan NPK. Che dp ehe sdng vd thdnh phan rudt bdu giira cac cdng thuc thi nghiem Id gidng nhau. Thi nghidm dupe theo ddi va ddnh gia liic cay dat 12 thang tudi. Sd lieu dupe ghi vdo phidu dieu tra vd nh|p vdo may tinh dd xii ly vd vidt bao cdo.
2.4.2.5. Phan ti'ch sd hdu nghien cihi va danh gia Su dung phuong phdp phan tich thdng kd ti-ong 1dm nghidp d l so sdnh vd ddnh gid su khac bidt giCra edc nhan td dnh hudng, trong dd cae edng thiic ddnh gia dp dung cu the nhu sau:
- Phan tich thi nghiem xu ly hat gidng: De ddnh gia dnh hudng eua cac cdng thiic xu ly hat ddn ty le nay mdm su dung hdu chuan %] dd kiem tra gia thuyet Hp. Cdng thiic tinh:
- x ( i : ^ ^ )
TqxTv tr'T,
Tinh Xm bang each tra bang theo k, vdi k = (r- 1), (c-1). Trong do: r la cdng thiie thi nghiem va c la cap chat lupng. Trong nghien ciiu: r = 5, c = 2 va xdc dinh dupe k = 4.
Sau dd so sanh zl vdi zli • Neu zl ^ xl^' gid thuyet HQ duoc chap nhan va neu z^ "^ Zos '• S*^
thuyet H^ dupe chdp nhan.
- Danh gid anh hudng chd dp ehe sang, tudi nude va phan bdn ddn sinh hudng cay eon: Su dung phuong phdp phan tich phuong sai 1 nhan td va hai nhan td bdng hdm Fisher. Ket qua xac dinh F^^, sau dd so sdnh vdi FQS tra bang cd bac tii do k^ - a - 1 vd ka = n - a. Ndu Funi, > F05: nhan td A cd anh hudng ddn ket qua nghien eiiu vd ngupc lai F^„h < F05: nhan td A khdng dnh hudng ddn ket qua nghidn eiiu. Sau khi ed ket qua phan tich phuong sai neu ket qua cua edng thiic thi nghidm cd su khde bidt thi tien hdnh tim cdng thire hieu qua nhat.
- Tim edng thiic cd hieu qua nhat: Sii dung cdng tiiiirc t (Student) dd tim edng thuc thi nghidm hieu qua nhat, cu the nhu sau:
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE Trong do: Ui la sd lan lap cua cdng tiuie ed gia tri
binh quan ^™ nhat vd Ug la sd Idn lap eua cdng thiic CO gia tri binh quan Idn tiiii hai. Trong trudng hpp neu ni= nz =m ihi tinh t theo cdng thiic:
S . X 2 x S '
Trong dd: X, Id gid tri bmh quan Idn nhat cua tri sd quan sat vd X 2 Id gia tn binh quan Idn thii hai ciia tri sd quan sat
So sdnh gid tri ttinh vdi 1^,5 (k = n - a ) , n e u / t / > t o 5 ket luan giiia hai sd trung binh dupe chpn cd su sai khac rd vd chpn cdng tiiiie cd sd trung binh Idn nhat 1dm cdng tiiiic cd hidu qua; ndu / t / < tos ket luan giiia hai sd tnmg bmh dupe chpn khdng ed su sai khac. Do dd phai dua vao lpi ich kinh te, it chi phi de chon cdng thiie ed hieu qua nhdt.
Ap dung chuong trinh Excel 5.0 va SPSS 16.0 de phan tich sd hdu vd cac gia tn trung binh, phan tich phirong sai ANOVA mpt nhan td, hai nhan td va kiem tia tidu chuan t (Student).
3. KET QUA lUGHini CUU VA THAO LUAN
3.1. Ky thu^t thu hdi, chd bidn vd cdt tilr hat gidng
3.1.1. Ky thuat thu hai hat gidng
Khi thu hai hat gidng d rimg tu nhidn, chpn cay me cd dudng kinh tdi thidu 45 cm, cay pham chat tdt, khdng sau bdnh vd hmh thdi dep de cung cap Id hat gidng pham chat tdt.
Kdt qua dieu tra cho thay, thdi vu thu hai hat gidng phii hop tir thdng 7 den thang 9 tiong nam.
Bac diem hinh thai qua chin hdt dau chuyen sang mau nau den Id cd the thu hdi. Qua xoay chin vd cd thdi ky roi rung dai tii khoang 2 thang.
Phuong phdp thu hat qua tren cay, su dung keo cdt nhirng canh nhd dd thu hdi. Qua dupe thu hai xong, tien hanh lam sach bang cdch loai bd tap chat, qua kem chat lupng de sii dung hoac ban tieu thu.
3.1.2. Chdbien va cattruquahat
Qud xoay ed chieu ddi 1,87 em vd chieu rdng khoang 1,37 cm. Qua thu hai ve duoc u cho chin ddu trong 1-3 ngay. Sau dd su dung nude de chd xat va tach tiiit qua vd vd qua ra khdi hat. Trong san xuat vdi luong Idn, tien hanh bdc vd sau dd eha xdt trong
nude sach de lay thit qua su dung che bien cao xoay hay nude gidi khat, tan dung gia tii ciia thit qua. Hat sau khi dupe tach vd lam sach bdng nude la, tien hdnh phoi khd dudi dnh nang mat trdi 2-3 ngdy. Sau dd tidn hdnh 1dm sach vd phan cap chat lupng Id hat gidng. Ket qua nghien eiiu bude dau xac dinh sau phoi dudi ndng tu nhidn dd dm hat xoay dat 12-14% la phu hpp cho qua trinh eat trii. Hat xoay thudc nhdm cd kich thude trung bmh, chieu dai vd chidu rdng bmh quan theo lan lupt la 1,12 cm vd 0,85 em.
De ddnh gia hidu qua cde cde phuong phdp eat trii, tidn hdnh nghidn eiiu phuong phdp vd thdi gian eat trii phu hpp. Thi nghiem su dung phuong phdp cat tru khd thdng thudng - bdo quan trong lo thiiy tinh, theo doi ty le ndy mam sau 3 nam cat trii. Ket qua nghien ciiu cho thdy rdng, hat xoay ed tudi tho khd ddi. Sau 3 nam cat trii, ty le nay mam vdn dat trdn 58%. Dieu ndy ed y nghla rat Idn tiong san xuat kmh doanh vi xoay ed chu ky sai qua ddi (4 nam).
3.2. Mdt sd chi tidu vd phdm chat gieo uom loai xoay
3.2.1. Do thuan, khdi lupng hat va ty le thit qua tren qua
Dp thuan Id mdt trong nhiing ehi tidu cd y nghla trong vide xdc dinh luong hat gidng dem gieo va phdn dnh ehdt lupng Id hat gidng. Khdi lupng hat gidng cdng tdt thi kha nang nay mam va siic sdng cay eon cdng manh. Xoay la lodi cay lam san ngoai gd cho qud va bd phan su dung la phdn thit qua. Vi vay ty Id thit qua tren qua la mdt tiong nhiing ehi tieu quan trpng trong nghien eiiu chpn gidng de eung cdp qua cd chat lupng. Ket qua do dem vd phan tich vd cac chi tieu dd thudn Id hat gidng, khdi lupng hat (khdi lupng 1.000 hat vd sd hat tidn 1 kg hat) va ty Id thit qua trdn qua dupe the hien d bang 2.
Bang 2. Dp thudn, khdi lupng hat vd ty trpng hat trdn qua
srr
1 2 3 4
Chi tieu Do thuan (%) Khoi luong 1.000 hat (K)
S6 hat tren 1 kg (hat)
Ty le khoi lucmg thit qua tren qua (%)
Gia tri thuc nghiem 96,44 333,27 3.001,00
32,68 Bang 2 cho thay 16 hat gidng xoay thi nghiem co dp thuan rat cao, dat fren 96,44%. Dieu nay co y nghia
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 1/2019 129
KHOA HOC CdNG NGI rat Idn trong cdng tac mua hdn hat gidng, nhiing Id
hat gidng cd do thudn thdp hon 90% edn phai xem xet vd kiem tra thdm cac ehi tieu khde de danh gid diing pham chat Id hat gidng. Khdi lupng 1.000 hat xoay chi dat 333,27 g, sd heu chiing td rdng hat xoay thudc nhdm hat ed kich thude ti-ung binh. Gid tri ty le khdi lupng thit qua trdn qua dat 32,68%, cd y nghla rat Idn trong chpn gidng va trdng rimg xoay nhdm muc dich cho qua.
3.2.2. Tyle nay mam, the nay mam va thoi gian nay mam cua Id hat
Hat sau khi xii ly, tien hanh vdt hat ra dd rdo rdi u vdo khan am. Cii 2 ngay tien hdnh rua chua cho hat, loai bo cde hat thdi, theo ddi ty Id nay mam vd ghi vdo phieu. Kdt qud xdc dinh ty Id nay mam va thd nay mdm dupe chi ra d bang 3.
STT 1 2 3 4 5
Bang Cdng thiic thi
nghiem CTl cr2 CT3 CT4 CT5 - Ddi chiing
3. Ty Ig nay m ^ va th^ nay mam h^t xoay Ty le nay mam binh
quan (%) 80,7 92,7 88,7 83,3 79,3
The nay mam (%) 66,0 79,3 72,7 58,0 56,7
Thai gian nay mam lo hat (ngay)
56 32 54 61 65
Ghi chu: CTl: Xu ly bing nude 8(PC ngam dong 6 gid; CT2: Xu ly bdng nude 8(PC ngam trong 12 gid, CT3:XdIybhignude 8(PCngam trong ISgid, CT4:Xulybkignude 8(PCngam dong24gid; CT5: Ddi chung (Xu ly bang nude dfC trong 12 gid).
Bang 3 cho thay ty le nay mam cao nhdt dat 92,7% (CT2) vd thap nhat 79,3% (d CT5: Ddi chirng), thdi gian ngam dai cd xu hudng giam ty le nay mam.
Gid tii the nay mam cao thii nhdt vd thii hai d CT2 (79,3%) va CT3 (72,7%). Thdi gian nay mdm Id hat tuong ddi ddi va dao ddng tii 32 ngdy (CT2) den 65 ngdy (ddi chiing). Ket qua nghien ciiu cho thdy xoay la lodi cay cd thdi gian nay mam dai. Ty Id nay mdm va the nay mdm dupe the hien d hinh 1.
De danh gia anh huong cdng thiie thi nghidm xii ly hat gidng vdi ehe dp ngam khac nhau den ty le nay mdm, tidn hdnh phan tich gid hi zl vd tim ra cdng tiiiic tdt nhat. Sd heu tdng hpp cap ehdt lupng hat gidng dem thii nghiem dupe md td d bang 4.
Tinh todn sd lieu va xdc dinh dupe gia tri zl = 15,34 vd Idn hon gid tri zls = 9.49 tia bang vdi bac tu do k=4. Ket qua ndy ndi len rdng edc edng thuc xu ly hat gidng cd anh huong khac nhau ddn ty Id nay mam ciia Id hat. Hay ndi each khae, thdi gian xu ly hat gidng khac nhau cd dnh hudng den ty Id nay mdm ciia hat gidng vd cdng thiie xtr ly hat gidng xoay hidu qua nhat la ngam hat vao nude cd nhiet dd 80°C tiong 12 gid la hieu qua nhdt, cho ty Id nay mam dat 92,7%, flie ndy mam 79,3% va thdi gian nay mdm Id hat trong 32 ngdy.
Hmh 1. Ty 1$ nay mdm vd th^ nay mam ciia cac cdng thiic xii ly hat gidng
Bang 4. Cdp chat Itipng hat gidng nay mdm va khdng nay mdm Cap chat luong
Nay mam Khdng nay mam
Tdng
Sd luong hat gidng nay mam theo thdi gian ngam hat (hat) 6 gid
121 29 150
12 gid 139 11 150
18 gid 133
17 150
24 gid 125
25 150
Ddi chiing 119 31 150
Tdng (hat) 637 133 750 Qua sd lieu phan tich tren cho thSy thdi gian
ngam hat cd anh huong den ty le nay mim cua h a t
Cling mdt nhiet dp nhimg thdi gian ngam hat khac nhau cd tac ddng khac nhau den ty le nay mam. Khi
KHOA HQC C6Ne NGHE
ngtoi hilt, hat can mdt thdi gian nhat dinh de hdt am nen ty le nay mam giam va thdi gian nay mjm cung va Hch thich qua trinh sinh hda xay ra trong hat. Ddi hi keo dai.
voi hat xoay cd vo day, kha nang tham ntrdc kem va can nhi^t dp kha cao de kich thich qua trinh nay mam cua hat gidng. Vdi nhiet do nude khoang 80°C va ngam trong 12 gid dii di giiip hat tham du nude va kich thich qua trinh nay mam. Thdi gian ngam keo dai CO anh hudng den qua trinh hd hap cda hat gidng
3.3. Anh hudng cdng thiic rudt bdu Ma ty 1^
sdng, sinh trudng va pham chit c4y con
Ket qua theo doi tinh hinh sinh trudng cay con giai doan 12 thang hidi theo cac cdng thirc thanh phan mdt ban dupe tdng hop d bang 5.
STT 1 2 3 4 5 6
BSng Cdng thiic Ddi chiing CTl CT2 CT3 CT4 CT5
3. Smhtruon Tyle sdng (%)
81,7 89,4 93,3 82,8 63,9 46,1
! c a y c o n l 2 t h 4 n HVN (cm) 38,67 ± 1,31 44,46+1,09 50,96 ± 0,77 41,83 + 1,37 36,90 ± 1,55 31,14 ± 1,45
g tuoi theo c ^ cdng thiic r D„„
(cm) 0,39 + 0,011 0,46 ± 0,011 0,51 + 0,010 0,43 + 0,013 0,37 ± 0,010 0,32 ± 0,010
udtbiu Pham chat civ (%) Tdt
44,4 55,6 71,1 44,4 17,8 6,7
Trung binh 26,7 26,7 20,0 33,3 24,4 33,3
Xau 28,9 17,8 8,9 22,2 57,8 60,0 Ghi chd- Ddi chung: 85% dat +15%phan HCVS; CTl: 84% dat +15%phan HCVS +1% NPK; CT2:83% dat + 15%phan HCVS + 2% NPK; CT3:82% dat + 15% phin HCVS + 3% NPK; CT4:81% dat + 15% phan HCVS + 4%
NPK;CT5:80%dat-i-15%phan HCVS + 5% NPK Bang 5 cho thay ty le cay sdng cao nhat va thii hai d Cr2 (93,3%) va CTl (89,4%), cdng tiuic cd ty Id sdng thap nhat Id CT5 chi dat 46,1%. Xu hudng cho thay ty Id sdng giam khi tang ty Id phdn NPK trong hdn hpp rudt bau. Chieu cao viit ngpn cay con tdt nhat d CT2 vdi HVN = 50,96 cm va thii hai la CTl vdi HVN = 44,46 em, thap nhat ciing roi vdo CT5 (HVN =
31,14 em). Ddi vdi sinh trudng dudng kinh, CT2 vd CTl cho gid tri Idn nhat va thii hai theo Idn lupt Id 0,51 cm va 0,46 em. Ve pham chat cay eon, CT2 va CTl cho ty le pham chat cay tdt va trung bmh cao nhat vd tiiii hai tiieo Idn lupt dat 91,1% va 82,3%. Ty Id sdng vd pham chat cay con theo cac cdng thiie mdt bau dupe bieu thi d hinh 2 va 3.
100.0
^ 80-0 M 60,0
"«• 40.0 20.0 0.0
DC CTl CT2 CT3 CT4 CT5 Cong thffc thanh phan mot ban
Tdt Tnmg binh Xau aDC ECU 0CT2 HCT3 OCT4 HCT5 Hinh 2. i y 1$ sdng giai dojn cSy 12 thing tudi theo
c&c cdng thiic rudt bdu B^ danh gia anh hudng cua cdng thiic rudt bau ddn sinh trudng cay con da tidn hanh phan tich phuong sai mdt nhan td. Ket qua phan tich cho thJiy ddi vdi chidu cao F„„t = 27,98 > F„5 - 2,25; ddi vdi ket Qua phan tich chi tidu dudng kinh gdc cho F,^,^ - 37,27 > F„s =2,49. Nhu vay cd the ket luan ring cdng
Hinh 3. Ty Id phdm chit cSy giai doan c4y 12 thing tudi theo dc cdng thiic ruot bdu thiic rudt bau khac nhau cd anh hudng den smh trudng chieu cao va dudng kinh cda cay con giai doan vudn uom. Tien hanh kiem tra heu chuan t ciia Student de tim cdng thirc rudt bau cho sinh tnrdng tdt nhat, ket qua tinh duoc ddi vdi chidu cao /t^J - 9,46 > l«5 = 2,02 va ddi vdi chi heu dudng kinh gdc cd
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 1/2019
KHOA HOC CONG NGI /ttmh/ - 3,34 > tos = 2,02. Didu dd cd nghia Id cd su
khae biet rd ret giua hai cdng tdc tdt nhat vd thii hai.
Til nhiing phan tich tren nghien eiiu xde dinh cdng thtic rudt bdu anh hudng tdt nhdt den smh trudng cay eon lodi xoay giai doan vudn uom la 83%
dat tang mat + 15% phan HCVS + 2% phan NPK.
3.4. Anh huong chd dp che sdng ddn ty Id sdng, sinh tmdng va pham ehdt cdy con
Cdng thiic thi nghiem dp che sdng la 25%, 50%, 75%, 100% vd khdng che sang (ddi chiing). Cdng thuc
giua cac cdng thiic thi nghidm. Cde nghiem thiie dupe bd tii theo khdi ngdu nhien ddy dii vdi 3 Idn lap, tdng dung lupng mdu mdi edng thiic thi nghiem la 270 cay. Thu thap sd heu tien hanh 3 thang 1 lan, thdng tm ghi chdp gdm ty Id sdng, chi tieu smh trudng chieu cao vut ngpn, dudng kinh cd rd va pham chat cay. Bang 6 tiinh bdy kdt qua theo ddi tmh hinh smh tmdng dudng kinh va chieu cao cay xoay b cde giai doan 3 tiiang, 6 thdng, 9 thdng vd 12 thang tudi.
rudt bdu, che dp tudi nude va bdn phan ddng nhat
Bang 6. Sinh tnicmg dudng kinh vd c h i ^ cao c^y x o ^ giai doan virdn uom
STT 1 2 3 4 5
Cdng thiic thi nghiem CTl: Ddi chiing CT2 CT3 CT4 CT5
3 thang tudi Hv^
4,6 5,1 5,4 5,9 6,6
Doo 0,132 0,135 0,145 0,153 0,152
6 thang tudi HVN
8,6 10,3 14,9 17,3 25,9
Doo 0,185 0,225 0,274 0,294 0,253
9 thang tudi Hyjj
10,2 18,6 24,5 32,1 39,8
Doo 0,222 0,311 0,392 0,420 0,309
12 thang tudi HVN
15,7 27,5 43,8 46,2 48,8
Doo 0,282 0,401 0,476 0,491 0,389 Ghi chu: CTl: Ddi chdng (Khdng che sang); CT2:
va CT5: Che sang 100%.
Nhin chung, chieu cao viit ngpn cay eon d cae giai doan cd gia tri cao nhdt d dp che sang cao, giam dan khi giam dp che sang va thdp nhat la edng thiie ddi chiing. Trdi lai, dirdng kinh ed rd d cac cdng thiic thay ddi khdng ddng nhat theo cap dp tudi. Trong dd, giai doan 3 ddn 6 thdng tuoi, dp che sang cao (CT4 va CT5) cho sinh trudng tdt vd dudng kinh, sau do dp che sang thap (CT3 va CT4) cho tang tmdng dudng
Che sang 25%; CT3: Che sang 50%; CT4: Che sang 75%
Idnh rat manh. Nguoc lai, giai doan sau 9 thdng tuoi dp ehe sdng cao lam tang tmdng dudng kinh cham.
6 giai doan cay 12 thdng tudi, chieu cao Idn thii nhat vd tiiir hai d CT5 (48,8 cm) vd CT4 (46,2 cm), nhung ve dudng kinh thi dat gia tri cao nhdt va nhi lai b CT4 (0,491 cm) va CT3 (0,476 em). Cae hmh 4 va 5 md ta rd hon ve kha nang sinh trudng cay con theo timg giai doan ling vdi cde cdng thiie che sang khac nhau.
50 S 4 0 5-
^ 3 0 o 20 3 -1 10
u 0
y^
3 thang
CT1(I)C)-"
y""^
y^^J^ X ^ j ^ X / y / ^ -••*
/ y^^ .'• ^01
• ^ • • _ ' ' - — ~ " ^
6 thdng 9 thdng 12 thdng Tuoi cay con
..CT2 — —CT3 CT4 ——CT5 Hinh 4. Sinh tmdng chi^u cao viit ngpn cua cdy
con theo cde giai doan tiidi khac nhau
3 thdng 6 thdng 9 thdng 12 thdng Tuoi cav con
Hinh 5. Smh tnrong dudng kinh gdc ciia cay con theo cac giai doan tudi khac nhau
KHOA HOC C O N G NGHE
De danh gia anh hudng khac nhau va tun cdng phuong sai mdt nhan td va kiem tra hdu chuan t cua thiic che sang tdt nhat da tien hanh phan tich Student. Ket qua phan tich diroc tdng hop d bang 7.
Bing 7. T6ng hgp kit qua phan tich phttong sai v4 kiSm tra Udu chuin t v4 c4c chi tidu sinh tnrong cSy con theo dc cdng thiic che s^ng ling voi cAc giai doan tuoi khac nhau
STT
1
2
3
4 Tudi cay
con
3 tiidng
6 thdng
9 thdng
12 tiiang
Chi tieu sinh trudng
HvN Doo HVN Doo HVN Doo HVN Doo
Ket qua phan tich phuong sai
F , „ t . 270,58 >F„5-2,39 F»,H. 29,80 > F , s . 2,39 Fa,t - 16256,78 > F„5 - 2,39 F„k = 398.07 >Fo5. 2,39 Fe^ = 808,95 > F„5 - 2,39 F a ^ . 614,15 >Fo5. 2,39 Fi„k. 749,76 > F , 5 . 2,39 F M , = 694,71 >F„5-2,39
Ket qua idem tra tieu chuin t cua Student / t „ i / . 39,66 >t„5= 1,98 / t B „ j / . 0,29 <t„5-1,98 A i ^ , / - 265,54 >t„5= 1,98 /t„„h/-5,78 >t.,5= 1,98 / t ^ / - 1 4 , 3 3 >t„s= 1,98 /tiM,/- 8,13 > tos-1,98 / t ^ / - 29,78 >t„s-1,98 /ta„t/= 4,42 >t,s-1,98 Bang 7 cho thdy, ket qua phan tich phuong sai
cac chi tidu chieu cao vut ngpn va dudng kinh cd rd deu cho gid tri F^nh Idn hon nhieu lan so vdi FQS = 2,39. Didu do cho thdy che dp ehe sdng cd anh hudng rat Idn tiong sudt qud trinh smh tmdng eua cSy con. Kdt qua kidm tra tieu chuan t ciia Student cung cho tiidy t^ih "Seu Idn hon tos = 1.98 va ehi trir chi tieu Doo d giai doan 3 thang tudi la ed /t^^,/ = 0,29 <
tm = 1,98. Nhu vay, giai doan 3 thdng tuoi dp che sang 100% cho chieu cao tdt nhat (HVN = ^fi ^m), dudng kinh tdt nhat d dd che sang 100% (D^a = 0.152 cm) vd 75% (Doo = 0.153 cm); giai doan 6 tiidng tudi, sinh trudng chidu cao tdt nhdt b dp ehe sang 100%
(HvN = 25,9 em) tiong khi dudng kmh d edng thiie che sang 75% Id tdt nhat (Doo = 0,294 cm); giai doan cay 9 den 12 thang tuoi chieu cao tdt nhdt vdn b cdng thiic cd dp che sang 100% (ed gid tri HVN theo Idn lupt la 39,8 cm va 48,8 cm) nhung d dd ehe sang 50% den 75% cho gid tii dudng kmh vuot trdi hon. Nhin chung sinh tinrdng chieu cao vd dudng kmh gdc cua cay giai doan dau can dp ehe sdng vd giam dan de dam bao cay phdt tiidn can ddi, dam hdo chieu cao eung nhu difdng kinh gdc. Ngoai cac chi tieu shih tmdng, gid hi ty 16 sdng vd pham chat cdy con d edc edng thiic che sang dupe phan tich va thd hien dbidu do hinh 6.
Hinh 6 cho tiiay edng thiic dd ehe sang 50-75%
cho ty Id sdng cao nhat va dat tii 91,1% den 92,2%. Ty 1§ pham chat cdy tdt vd tmng binh cao nhat cung b cong tiiiic cd dd che sang 50% (dat 87,33%) vd dd
ehe sang 75% (d?t 86,67%). Ty le eay xau chu yeu tap tmng d cdng thiic ddi ehiing (48,67%) va cdng thiie dp che sang 100% (chiem ty Id 40%). Cay xoay la lodi ban dia ndn kha nang chiu ndng kem, ddn den edng thiic ddi chiing ed ty Id cay xau cao nhdt.
Bdn canh dd, neu dd che sang qud cao va duy tri trong thdi gian dai, cay phat trien chidu cao nhung dudng kinh nhd, cay ydu ddn den ty Id cay pham chat kem cao.
CT2 CT3 CT4 Cong thirc che s^ng g Ty 1§ s6ng • T6t Z! Trung binh ra Xau Hmh 6. Ty Id sdng vd pham ehdt cdy theo cde cdng
thiic che sdng
Tir ket qua phan tich anh hudng ciia ehe dp che sang den cac chi tidu ty Id sdng, sinh tiirdng vd pham ehdt eay, nghien ciiu ket luan rdng che dp ehe sang trong gieo uom xoay la rat can thiet va can thay ddi dp ehe sdng ti-ong qua tiinh cham sdc. Trong dd, giai doan 3 thdng dau che sang 100%, sau dd giam dp che sdng xudng 75% rdi den 50% va sau dd giam edn 25%
bat ddu tir tiidng tiiii 9 ti-d di.
N 6 N G NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 1/2019 133
KHOA HOC COHG NO 1
3.5. Anh huong nuoc tu6i v4 phan b6n dia If 16 theo cac cong thiic bon phan va hreri nuoc duoc tong s6ngv4 sinh tracmg cay con hopobang8.
Ket qua danh gia ty le song, sinh truomg duong Itinh goc va chieu cao cay con giai doan 12 thang tuoi
STT
1 2 3 4
Cong thuc bon phan
Khong bon phan Bon 30 g Bon 50 g Bon 70 g
Tudi2Mt/m2 TLS
C%) 90,00 96,67 93,33 73,33
(cm) 35,30 45,60 52,83 42,80
Doo (mm)
3,29 4,45 5,05 4,24
Tu6i41it/m2 TLS
(%) 86,67 93,33 93,33 83,33
(cm) 36,70 47,93 53,23 45,40
Doo (mm) 3,48 4,28 5,35 4,55
Tuoi 6 lit/m^
TLS (%) 90,00 86,67 90,00 86,67
(cm) 37,10 44,10 52,40 48,03
Doo (mm)
3,79 4,09 5,13 4,64 Ty le sdng o cac cong thiic thi nghiem la Idia cao Cong thiic tuoi nuoc 4 Wa? cho cac chi hen ve ty le va dao dpng tii 73,33% va cao nhat dat 96,67%, ca hai ^""e- ™li truing chieu cao va duong kinh goc la cao dfa o cong thiic ttroi 2 Wm' va bon phan 70 g/m^. "^^t- KA qua phan tich phuong sai de danh gia anh Chiiu cao viit ngon binh quan dao dong tir 35,30 cm ^"^ ""^ * ^ ^^ •">" Pli*" ™ "^ " " ^ *™ ^"^
(a cong thiic hrcM 2 Ht va khong bon phan) den 53,23 truong cay con duoc tdng hop o bang 9.
cm (o cong thiic tuoi 4 lit/m^ va bon phan 50 g/m^.
Bang 9. K^t qua phan tich phuong sai hai nhan td nuoc tu6i va phan bdn d^n sinh trudng chi^u cao cay con 12 thang tidi
STT 1 2 3
Nguon Yeu td A (Phan bdn) Yeu td B (Nude tudi) Tuong tac A va B
SS 1229,44
18,50 51,37
Df 3 2 6
MS 409,81
9,25 8,56
F^
1192,7 26,9 24,9
P-value 0,00 0,00 0,00
F B j 3,01 3,40
2,51
1 Bang 9 cho thjy sinh midng chieu cao chiu anh ' " ^ S nude tudi 4 lit/1 m'' va luong phan bdn 50 g/1 hudng r& Idn cua phan bdn (f^ - 1.192,7 > F„ - ^' ^ho sinh trudng chiSu cao tdt nhat Ddi vdi chi 3,0), nude tudi (F„j, - 26,9 > ¥„, - 3,4) va ciing chiu "«" sinh truong dudng kinh goc, ket qua phan tich su tac ddng giiia phan bdn va nude tudi (F»a, - 24,9 > <••«« '""« hop o bang 10.F(,3 = 2,5) vdi do tin cay 9596. Trong dd cdng thiic cd
Bang 10. K^t qua plian tich phuong sai liai nhan td nude tudi v^ phan bdn d^n sinh truimg dudng kinh cay con 12 thang tudi
STT 1 2 3
Ngudn Yeu td A (Phan bon) Yeu td B (Nude tadi) Tuong tac A va B
SS 12,51
0,20 0,77
Df 3 2 6
MS 4,17 0,10 0,13
^ u n h
198,1 4,7 6,1
P-value 0,00 0,00 0,00
F«
3,01 3,40 2,51 Sd Ueu ket qua phan tich phuong sai d bang 10 dudng kinh gdc cay con. Qua danh gia, cdng thiie cd cho thay luong phan bdn, nude tudi cd anh hudng rsit luong nude tudi 4 lit/m- va luong phan bdn 50 g/m^
Idn va cd su tuong tac lan nhau den sinh truiing cho sinh trudng dudng Idnh vuot trdi nhat
KHOA HOC C 6 N G N G H l
Ve ty Id sdng cay con cao nhat (93,3%) d cdng thiic tudi nude 4 ht/m^ va luong phan bdn tir 30 g/m^
den 50 g / m l Cdng thiic lupng nude tudi 2 lit/m^ eho ty le sdng tiiap d eac edng thiic bdn phan vd dat gia til dao ddng tir 76,7% den 90,0% (hinh 7).
Doi chiing
Cong thiTc boD phan X.P.K (g/lm^) 32 Ht B4 Ht 8 6 lit Hinh 7. Ty Id sdng theo cde cdng thiic tudi nude vd
hdn phdn
Tir nhung ddnh gid tren cd thd ket luan rdng luong nude tudi phii hpp trong cham sde cay xoay Id tudi 4 lit/m^ vd luong phan bdn dao ddng tir 30 g/m^
den 50 g/m^; eho ty Id sdng dat 93,3%, chieu cao dat 47,93 ddn 53,23 cm va dudng kinh gdc dao ddng tir 4,28 mm den 5,35 mm.
4. KET LUAN
Qua xoay chin vao khoang thang 7 den thdng 9, chu ky sai qua 4 nam va dp dung phuong phap thu hai qua tren cay. Kich thude hat thude nhdm trung binh vd 1 kg hat ed trdn 3.000 hat. Xic ly hat bdng nude dm SO^C ngam ti-ong 12 gid hieu qua nhat, cho ty le nay mdm dat trdn 92%. Cae nhan td ehe sang, tiianh phan rudt bau, ehe dp tudi nude vd bdn phan cd dnh hudng den ty le sdng, sinh trudng va pham chat cay con d giai doan vudn uom. Che dp che sang thay ddi theo timg giai doan tudi cua cay vd giam tir dp ehe sang 100% d 3 thang ddu xudng cdn 25% khi cay dat 9 thang tudi. Trdn them phan NPK vdo thdnh phan mdt bdu ty Id 1-2% cho eay con sinh trudng tdt nhdt. Ngodi ra, che dp tudi nude 4 lit/m^ va lupng phan hdn tiong cham sdc dao ddng tir 30 g/m^ den 50 g/m^ cho ty le sdng dat ti-en 93,0%, chieu cao 47,9 cm den 53,2 em vd dudng kinh gdc tii 4,28 mm den 5,35 mm.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Trdn Huu Bien va Vu Thi Lan (2012). Ket qua nghien ciiu ty le nay mam, ty le ehe sang vd thdnh phdn rudt bau eay Ld bo {Brownlowia
tabularis Pierre) giai doan vudn uam. Tap ehi Khoa hpc Lam nghiep. Sd 2/2012.
2. Bd Lam nghiep (1977). Quyet dinh sd 2198- CNR vd viec ban hanh bang phan loai tam thdi cde loai gd su dung thdng nhat trong ca nude cua Bd trudng Bd Lam nghiep vao ngay 26/11/1977.
3. Le Mdng Chan va Ld Thi Huyen (2000). Giao trinh thue vat rimg. Trudng Dai hpc Lam nghiep.
NXB Ndng nghidp 2000, tiang 279.
4. Nguydn Cdng Hoan va Dang Kim Vui (2017).
Anh hudng cua thanh phdn rudt bdu vd ehe sdng den ty Id sdng va sinh trudng cay con Xoan dao {lygeum arboretum Endl) d giai doan vudn uom. Tap ehi Ndng nghiep va PTNT. Chuydn de gidng cay trdng, vat nudi - T a p 2, tiiang 12/2017, tiang 219-224.
5. Pham Hodng Hd (1999). Cay cd Vidt Nam.
NXB Tre, Chi nhanh Ha Ndi, nam 1999, ti-ang sd 885.
6. Dd Tdt Lpi (2004). Nhung cay thudc va vi tiiudc Viet Nam. NXB Y hpc Ha Ndi, nam 2004, 1274 tiang.
7. Nguydn Ddc Tridn, Ngd The Long, Nguydn Tbi Xuan Vidn vd Nguydn Tdi Luyen (2017). Anh hudng cua thanh phdn rudt bau, dnh sdng va bdn thiic den sinh trudng eay Gao vang {Nauclea orientalia L.) giai doan vudn uom. Tap chi Ndng nghiep vd PTNT. Chuyen de gidng eay trdng, vat nudi - Tap 2, tiiang 12/2017, tiang 200-205.
8. Dd Anh Tuan (2013). Anh hudng cua ehe sang va thanh phan ruot bdu den ty le sdng vd sinh trudng cay eon Gidi an hat {Michelia tonldnensis A. Chev).
Tap ehi Khoa hpc Lam nghiep sd 3/2013, tiang 2838- 2844.
9. Pham Quang Tuydn (2013). Kdt qua nghidn eihi thu hai, bao quan, xu ly vd gieo uom hat Td hap Didn Bien {Altingia siamensis) tai Tay Bdc. Tap chi Khoa hpc Lam nghiep, 2013.
10. Pham Quang Tuyen va Bid Thanh Hdng (2011). Ket qua bude dau nghien ciiu nhan gidng Chd xanh {Terminaha myriocarpa Huerch et M. A) tai Tay Bdc. Tap ehi Khoa hpc Lam nghiep. Sd 2/2011.
11. Pisal Wasuwanich et al. (2000). Effect of different presowing treatments on germination of 10 forest tiee seeds. Silvicultural research report 1999.
Royal Forest Department, Bangkok (Thailand).
Forest Research Office.
NONG NGHIEP VA PHATTRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 1/2019 135
KHOA HOC CdNG NGI
12 UNEP-^CUC (2007). Annual Report 2007. 13. World Conservation Monitijring Centi-e UNEP world conservation mintoringeentie. (1998). The lUCN Red list of Threatened Species
1998: e.T32820A9732378. Diahum cochinchinensis.
RESEARCH RESULTS ON TECHNIQUES OF PROPAGATION BY SEEDS OF Diahum cochindmensis Rerre IN THUA THEN - HUE PROVINCE, VIETNAM
Hong Bich Ngoc, Pham Cuong, Tran Thi Thuy Hang, Dmh Thi Huong Duyen, Nguyen Lan Phuong Summary
Diahum cochinchinensis Pierre, common name velvet tamarind, is an indigenous species of high economic and conservation values. Unfortunately, logging and fruit harvesting have endangered velvet tamannd populations in the wild, which now require protection and rehabilitation. Research into physical, reproductive, and developmental tiaits of the velvet tamarind, as well as into methods to care for saplings in nursenes helps inform reforestation efforts surrounding this species in Vietnam. Findings reveal that the optimal period for seed harvesting is between luly and September-seeds can be extracted from picked fruits then saved for up to over 3 years via drying. Velvet tamannd fruits are oval-shaped, 1.9 cm in median length and 1.4 cm in median width; each fruit contains 1.08 seeds on average. Seeds are oblong, 1.1 cm in median length and 0.9 cm in median width, weighing 1 kg per 3,001 seeds with a purity of 96.4%. With proper soaking seeds into SO^C hot water, a germination rate within 32 days of up to 92.7% can be achieved. Seed- starting containers of size 9x13 cm—containing 83-84% surface soil, 1556 manure, and 1-2% NPK fertilizer—
are used. Under suitable growing conditions-including proper levels of sunlight with 100% in the first period and reduce to 25% after 9 months, watering 4 Ht/m^ and fertilizing widi NPK at 30 g/m' up to 50 g/m^—12- monfh old seedlings reach an average height of 51 cm, and trunks measuring 0.5 cm in diameter. Selection cnteria for tiees from 12 to 18 months old consist of a minimum height of 50 cm, minimum trunk diameter of 0.5 cm, and good health without dead plumules or pests.
Keywords: Dialium cochinchinensis Pierre, Techniques of propagation by seeds, Thua Thien - Hue provmce, Vietnam.
Ngudi phan bi^n; TS. Cao Dinh Son Ngay nhan bdi: 26/10/2018 Ngay thdng qua phan bidn: 28/11/2018 Ngdy duydt dSng: 5/12/2018
