Ldm sink ^
Bl/dC DAU TIM HIEU VE KHA NANG NHAN GIONG BANG HOM LOAICAYMOCHIM
Pham Due T u 3 n \ Nguyen Viet Cuong^, Nguyen Minh Ngoc^
'PGS.TS. Vien NC va PTCNNLN Thanh Tay
^TS. Vien NC Gidng va CNSH Lam nghiep
T O M T A T
Bai vi^t trinh bay mot s6 k^t qua thii nghi?m budc dau ve kha nang nhan giong bang hom ciia loai cay Mo chim {Cleidion spicijloriim Burm). C6 16 c6ng thiic thi nghiem bao g6m 2 chat dieu hoa sinh Uircmg lAA va IB A 6 dang bot va dang dung djch voi cac n6ng dp kb^c nhau va lc6ng thuc doi chung. Ket qua thii nghiem cho thiy: (1) Cay Mo chim co the tao cay con bang phuong phap giam hom. Tuy nhiSn, de hom ra re dat kll qua cao can sit dyng chk kich [hi'ch sinh tmong (2) Cong thuc lAA dang hot c6 nong do 1 % cho k^t qua tfit nhit irong so nhiing c5ng thuc thii nghiem v^ lAA. Cong thuc IBA dang dung dich vcri nong dp lOOppm dai gia trj cao nhat trong so cac cong thuc thii nghiem ve IBA. (3) So sanh ket qua giira sir dung lAA vcd sir dung IBA lam chat kich thich ra rS hom Mo chim cho thay IBA dat ket qua cao hon.
Tir khoa: Cay Mo chim, giam hom, lAA vd IBA, ra re.
I. D A T V A N D E
Md chim (Cleidion spiciflorum) la mot loai cay ban dia mpe nhanh va phan bd tu nhien kha rdng, nen cd tridn vpng cho trdng rimg neu dugc nghian ciiu dat ket qua. Nghien ciiu budc dau ve vat hau hoc cho thay Mo chim la loai cay CO hien tupTig eay due, eay cai va hat gidng khd nay mam, thdi gian nay mam rat dai. Vi vay, viec tim hiau kha nang tao cay con bang phuang phap giam hom cd the cd y nghia cho san xuat sau nay. Ngoai ra vd mat khoa hpe se gop phan lam phong phu them nhung hidu bidt ve viec hinh thanh he rl tu cac bd phan sinh dudng ciia nhung loai cay ban dia khac nhau.
De giai quyet nhirng vln dd neu tr6n, mot ndi dung nghidn eiiu da dugc thue hien la su dung cac chat dieu hoa sinh trudng lAA va IBA de kich thich ra rl d hom cay Md chim.
Cac ndi dung nghidn eiiu nay dugc thuc hien tai vudn uom ciia Trung tam nghien ciiu giong lam nghiep Vinafor d Ky San- Hoa Binh.
n . NOI DUNG, PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN CUU - Anh hudng ciia chat dieu hoa sinh trudng lAA den kha nang ra rl cua hom dugc thii nghiem d 9 edng thiic thi nghiem nhu md ta trong bang 1.
- Anh hudng ciia chat dieu hoa sinh trudng IBA ddn kha nang ra re cua hom dugc thii
nghiem d 7 cdng thirc thi nghiem tnnh bay trong bang 1.
Ngudn vat lieu phuc vu nghien ciiu dugc lay tir vudn cay cap hom xay dung vao thang 3/2011, hom sii dimg trong cac edng thue la hom 1 vdi chieu dai mdi hom tir 15 ddnl? cm.
Cac chdi Md chim dugc su dung lam vat lieu giam hom thudng cd tdc dp tang trudng rat rlhanh, trung binh mot ngay chdi cd thd dai ra 3- 4 cm vdi didu kien thdi tidt thuan Igi d mua mua (day la tdc dp sinh trudng chdi hom d vudn uom cd cham sdc hang ngay, do vay khdng the dy tinh eho cay sinh trudng d rimg trdng dugc).
Chdi CO kich Uiudc Idn, dudng kinh than choi tir 0,5 ddn 0,8cm, la to, eudng la dai, khoang each giua eac la tuong doi xa (hinh 1), nggn chdi r5t mem va dd gay, day chinh la nhirng luu y khi sii dung chdi lam vat lieu giam hom.
Cac didu kien giSm hom nhu ISu hom, thm gian tudi phun..., dugc ap nhu nhu giam hom bach dan. Tuy nhien cd diau chinh so liin tudi phun trong ngay da phu hgp vdi dilu kien thdi tiet. Thdi vu giam hom la vu thu, day la thdi diem giam hom cho ti le ra re cao nhat ddi vdi eay rung ndi chung.
Thi nghiem duge bd tri theo khdi nglu nhign vdi 3 lan lap, sd lugng hom mdi cdng thuc 35 hom. Thdi gian nhiing ngam hom trong dung dich ehat didu boa sinh trudng la 10 phut. C^c chi tieu theo ddi la ty Id ra rl, sd re/hom, chidu dai r l va chi sd ra rl.
44 TAP c m KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHE LAM NGHIEP SO 4-2014
Lam sinh Bang 1. Tdng hop cdc cong thuc thi nghiem vi lAA va IBA
Cong thirc Chat dieu hoa sinh trudng Ndng do Cong ihiic i
Cong thiic 2 Cong thiic 3 Cong thiic 4 Cong thiic 5 Cdng thiic 6 Cdng thiic 7 Cong thiic 8 Cong thiic 9 Cong thiic 10 Cong thiic 11 Cong thiic 12 Cdng thiic 13 Cdng thiic 14 Cong thiic 15 Cdng thiic 16
lAA dang bgt lAA dang bot lAA dang hot lAA dang bgt lAA dang hot Dung dich lAA Dung dich lAA Dung dich lAA Dung dich lAA IBA dang hot IBA dang bot IBA dang bgt Dung dich IBA Dung dich IBA Dung dich IBA Dung dich IBA
0.5%
0.75%
1.0%
15%
2.0%
50ppm lOOppm ISOppm 200ppm 0.5%
0.75%
1.0%
50ppm lOOppm ISOppm 200pmm
Doi chiing Khong sii dung chat DHST
Hinh 1. Vudn cung cap hom cay Mo chim
TAP CHI KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHE LAM NGHIEP SO 4-2014 45
Ldm sinh ^ ^ ^ So lieu thu thap diroc phan tfch, xti ly theo
cac phuong phap th6ng ke thuc hien tr6n may tfnh theo chuong tiinh EXCEL va SPSS.
III. KET QUA NGHIEN ClTU
3.1. Theo do! diln bien thffi tilt trong thoi gian giam liom
Thoi gian thi nghiem ve giam hom duoc thuc hien ttr ngay 01/9 dta 31/10. Trong thai ky nay da theo doi dien bien ve nhiet do khong khi v& am dp khong khi hang ng&y tai noi thi
.^kA/f^^r."^^
nghiem, kat qua dugc the hien qua biau dd 1 va 2.
Qua cac bieu dd nay cho thay: Trong thdi gian giam hom nhiet dp thap nhat la 23,6"C, nhiet dp cao nhat la 29,6'^C, nhiet dp trung binh trong thdi gian nghien ciiu la 26,2 "C. Do am thSp nhat la 73%, dp am cao nhat la 96%, dp am trung binh la; 83,6%. Day la nhiing miic nhiet dp va dp am khdng khi tuong ddi thuan lgi cho c^c nghidn cuu vd giam hom mpt sd loai cay rimg.
Bieu do 1. Dien bien nhiet do hang ngay 3.2. Anh hudng cua chat dieu hoa sinh trudng lAA den ket qua giam hom M6 chim
- Ket qua nghien ciiu vdi ca hai chat didu hda sinh trudng (lAA va IBA) cho thay sau 20 ngay, sd lugng hom chdt la tuang ddi it chidm khoang 10%, c^c hom giam it cd hien tugng rung la hoac bi thdi hom nhu ddi vdi bach dan.
- Hom bat dau ra re sau 21 ngay, mdi hom ra rl cd 1 - 3 ra, rl dai 0,1 - 1,5cm; den ngay thir 32, sd lugng rl/hom da tang len ik nhidu tiiy theo timg cdng thiic thi nghiem cu thd la tir 3 ddn 20 re/hom, chieu dai re tir 2 din 10cm, tir mot rd chinh ciing sinh ra nhilu rl phu. Tinh din ngay thii 50 sd lugng hom ra re dat ti le cao nhat 77,1% cdng thuc 14 (lOOppm), th§p nhat la 20% ddi vdi hom ddi chiing.
- Hom da ra re dugc chuyan ra b§u ddt ed kich thudc 12 x 15 cm. Trong tuSn dSu tien bau duge de d ncri thoang mat, khdng co anh nang true tiep anh hudng din cay hom. Sau mot tuan, khi cay chiu dung dugc vdi mdi
Bieu do 2. Diiii bien am dp hang ngay trudng mdi se chuyen ra noi co nang de cay sinh trudng va phat trien.
Kdt qua giam hom Md chim d cac cong thirc thi nghiem sau 2 thang vdi chat dieu hoa sinh trudng lAA dang bdt va dang dung dich d cac ndng dp khac nhau dupe the hien trong bang 2.
Sd lieu tir bang 2 cho thiy tat ca c^c chi tidu theo doi do dam d cac cdng thiic diing chat kich thich ra re lAA dlu ldn hon gSp nhilu lan so vdi ddi chiimg. Cu thd trong 9 cdng thiic lAA dang bdt va dung dich ti le ra rl dat tic 40% den 65,7%, trong do cdng thuc 3 (CT3) dang bdt (1%) va CT8 dang dung dich (150ppm) dat ti le ra re tuang ddi cao tucmg ling la 65,7% va 62,9%, cac chi tieu khSc nhu sd lugng re cung nhu chieu dai re ddu Idn hon cac cdng thiie con lai. So vdi ddi chung (20%) cdng thuc ra r l tdt nhSt (CT3 va CT8) vugt ddi chiing khoang 3 ISn. Tii sd lieu bang 2 cho thay cd the diing lAA dang bdt hoac nude dlu cho kha nang ra rd tucmg duong nhau, tuy nhien dang bdt 1% van cd ti le ra re cao han.
46 TAP CHI KHOA HQC VA CONG NGHE LAM NGHIEP SO 4-2014
Ldm sinh
Bang 2. Anh hudng cua lAA tdi khd ndng ra ri cda Mo chim
(%)
(cm)CTl CT2 CT3 CT4 CT5 CT6 CT7 CT8 CT9 DC
35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35
14 20 23 19 15 16 18 22 17 7
40,0 57,1 65,7 54,3 42,9 45,7 51,4 62,9 48,6 20
11,3 11,7 12,8 12,5 12,7 12,8 12,9 13,5 12,8 9,7
12,6 13,1 13,2 13,0 12,4 12,2 13,5 14,2 12,9 12,3 Kat qua phan tich phuang sai mot nhan td
ddu cho F < 0,05 chiing td ehat lAA d cac ndng do khac nhau cua dang bdt va dung dich cung nhu ddi chiing co anh hudng rd ret tdi ty le ra re, sd lugng rl va ehieu dai rl cua hom.
Thong qua tieu chuan Duncan xac dinh duge cong thiic tdt nhat cho giam hom Md chim bang chat diau hoa sinh trudng lAA la dang bdt vdi ndng dp 1% (cdng thiic 3).
3.3. Anh hirdng cua ehSt dieu hoa sinh trudng IBA den ket qua giam hom Md chim
Ket qua thu nghiem ve sii dung IBA trong giam hom Md chim dugc the hien trong bang 3.
Tir sd lieu cua bang nay cd the thay rd d tat ca eSe cdng thuc cd su dung IBA de kich thich hom ra re deu cd hieu qua tdt hem so vdi ddi chirng, trong dd CTl I vdi B A dang bdt 0,75% va CTI4 Bang 3. Anh huong cua IBA tdi
dang dung dich 100 ppm cho ti le ra re cao nhat dat tuong ling la 71,4% va 77,1%, con cdng thiie ddi chiing chi dat ti Id ra re 20% vdi so re va chieu dai re deu thap dat tucmg ling la 9,7 rl va 12,3cm thap hon nhieu so vdi CTl 1 (14,3 rl va 15 cm) va CT14 (14,9 rl va 15,1 cm).
Nhan dinh trdn dugc khang dinh thdng qua ket qua phan tich phuang sai mot nhan td cho thay xac suat F cua eac gia tri ve ty Id ra ra, sd lugng re/hom, chidu dai rd dat 0,000 - 0,002 (deu nhd hon 0,05). Diau nay ehiing td su dung chat kich thich ra re IBA cd anh hudng ro ret tdi ket qua nhan gidng bang hom cua cay Md chim.
Thdng qua tieu chuan Duncan da xac dinh edng thue xu ly hom bang dung dich IBA ndng dp 100 ppm (Cdng thiic 14) la tdt nhat (ty le ra re dat 77,1%; sd re trung binh la 14,9 rd/hom;
chieu dai ra la 15,1 cm).
khd ndng ra re cda hom Md chim Cong thijc
So hom ra re So hom TN TB
Ty le ra re TB
(%)
So re TBChieu dai re TB (cm) CTIO
CTll CT12 CT13 CT14 CT15 CT16 DC
35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35
17 25 20 19 27 25 18 7
48,6 71,4 57,1 54,4 77,1 71,4 51,4 20,0
14,2 14,3 13,3 14,1 14,9 15.0 14,6 9,7
14,4 15,0 13,6 14,2 15,1 16,0 14,9 12,3 TAP CHi KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHE LAM NGHIEP SO 4-2014 47
Ldm sinh
Hinh 2. CT 15 - IBA ISOppm Neu so sanh kit qua thu nghiem giiia cdng thuc 3; cdng thiie 8 cua dang chat lAA vdi edng thite 11; cdng thiic 14 cua ehat IBA thay rSng chat kich thich ra re IBA cd ti le ra rd cung nhu chilu dai re va sd luong re vupt trgi hon chat lAA dilu nay cung hop vdi cac ket qua nghien ciiu ve nhan gidng bang hom cho edc loai mpe nhanh nhu keo va bach dan.
IV. KET LU^N
- Cd tha tao cay con Md chim bang phuang phap giam hom. Tuy nhidn, de viec giam hom dat ket qua cao can thiet phai su dung cac chat kich thich ra re eho xu ly hom.
- Giam hom Md chim bang chat dieu hda sinh trudng lAA, cdng thuc cho kdt qua tdt nhat cdng thuc 3 vdi ndng do 1% dang bgt, ty Id ra rl la 65,7%, vdi sd rl 12,8 rl/hom, chieu dai re 13,2cm.
- Vdi chat dieu hoa sinh trudng IBA, cdng thiic 14 cho ket qua tdt nhat la nhiing trong
Hinh 3. Bdi chung
dung dich cd ndng dp lOOppm, dat ty le ra re la 77,1%, so re tren hom la 14,9 rl/hom, chieu dai r l l a 15,1cm.
- So sanh giiia 2 ehdt kich thich lAA va IBA dugc diing trong xu ly hom Md chim thi dung dich IBA ndng do lOOppm cho kit qua tdt hon.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Nguyin Viet Cirong (2009), Khdo sdi ddnh gid phan bo loai va phan lich tinh chdt go cua hai loai ban dia moc nhanh (Mo chim, Thoi) nham de xudt huang su dung vci nghien cuu phuc vu trong rimg kinh le, Vien khoa hoc Lam nghiep Vi^t Nam.
2. Pham Van Tu3n (1996), "Mot s6 nhSn t6 anh hirdng den ty le ra re ciia hom", Bdn tin hoi Khoa hoc ky thiigt Lam ngliiep Viel Nam. (4), trang 8-11.
3. Nguyen Trong Binh (2012), Phuang phap nghian ctru khoa hpc chuyen nganh, (Tdi lieu tham kJido), Tnrong dai hoc Lam nghiep, Ha Noi
4. NguySn Hai Tu4t va Nguyin Trong Binh (2005), Khai Iliac vd sir dung SPSS de xir ly so lieu trong nghien ciru Ldm nghiep, NXB Nong nghiep. Ha Noi-2005.
5. Trung tam du bSo khi tugng thuy van Hoa Binh, Tdi li4n kh( luong thuy van. 2012.
TAP CHI KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHE LAM NGHIEP SO 4-2014
Ldm sinh
INITIAL RESEARCH ON THE ABILITY OF CUTTING PROPAGATION OF Cleidion spiciflorum SPECIES
Pham Due Tuan, Nguyen Viet Cuong, Nguyen Minh Ngoc SUMMARY
The article presents initial results on the ability of cutting propagation of Cleidion spiciflorum species There are 16 expenmental varians, including lAA and IBA m powder and solution forms with different concentrations and 1 control varians. The expenmental results show that: (1) Cleidion spiciflorum species are able to propagate by cuttings However, it should use growth hormenes for cutting propagation. (2) lAA with concentration \% is best result among lAA experimental varians and IBA with concenuation lOOppra is best one among IBA experimental varians. (3) IBA uUhty for cutting propagation is bester in compare with lAA Keywords: Cleidion spiciflorum species, cutti GSng propagation, lAA and IBA, root growth.
Ngudi phan bi^n Ngay nhan bai Ngay phan bien Ng^y quyet dinh dang
GS.TS. Ngo Quaug De 23/6/2014 26/6/2014 20/10/2014
T A P C H I K H O A H Q C V A C O N G N G H E L A M N G H I E P S O 4 - 2 0 1 4
