TAP CHi CONS THIfdNG
DAO TAO NHAN LlJC KHU Vl/C CONG Cf VIET NAM TRONG BOI CANH CACH MANG 4.0
• NGO SY TRUNG
TOM TAT:
Bai vie't tap trung phan tich va'n de dao tao nhan Iffc khu vffc cdng dap ffng vdi nhffng ddi hdi cua each mang 4.0 (Cach mang cdng ngliidp lan ihff tff). Bang phffdng phap nghien cffu chu ye'u la phSn tich, long hdp, nhdm tac gia gdp phan lam sang td mot so' vS'n de: Dac di^m cua nhSn Iffc khu vffc cdng; yeu cau cua each mang 4.0 dd'i vdi nhan Iffc khu vffc cdng; mot so' van de dat ra ddi vdi boat ddng dao tao nhSn Iffc khu vffc cdng d Vidt Nam trong boi canh each mang 4.0.
Tti khoa: Cach mang 4.0, nhan lu'c khu vffc cdng, dao tao nhan Iffc khu vffc cdng.
1. Dac did'm cua nhSn Iffc khu vffc cdng d Vidt Nam
Nhan Iffc khu vffc cong dffde cac nha nghien cffu tren thd' gidi xac djnh la nhffng ngffdi lam viec theo che'dd phuc vu nha nffdc. phuc vu xa hoi va cdng dan, dffde goi vdi ten goi chung la cdng chffc.
O Viet Nam, khu vffc cdng dffde xac dinh la cac cd quan. Id' chffc cua he thd'ng chinh tri (Dang Cdng san Viet Nam, Mat Iran Td' qud'c Viet Nam, Nha nffdc Cdng hda xa hgi chu nghTa Viet Nam, cac td' chffc chinh tri - xa hdi) va mdt so' td' chffc khac, cd nhffng dac die'm ridng phia hdp vdi che' do chinh tri cua Viet Nam; nhan Iffc khu vffc nay gom can bo, cdng chffc, vien chffc vdi nhflng dac diem cdban:
- Nhan lu'c khu vffc cdng thudc pham vi dieu chinh cua Luat Can bd, cdng chffc, Luat Vien chffc va mot so' van ban phap luat lien quan:
Dffde tuye'n dung dffa tren nhflng tieu chuan cu the' ve pham chat chinh In, dao dffc cdng vu, trinh dd chuyen mdn. nang life lam viec gan vdi vi tri luyen dung...
- Hoat ddng cua nhan Iffc khu vffc cdng gSn vdi vifc thffc thi cdng vu, phuc vu cho cac muc tieu
chinh tri cua Nha nffdc, phuc vu de dap ffng tdt nha't nhflng yen cau hdp phap cua ngffdi dan.
Cd the' tha'y, hoat ddng cua nhan life khu vifc cdng d Viet Nam hi chi phd'i bdi ca ye'u to' chinh in va phap ly. Do dd, de' hoach dinh va to' chffc thtfc hien td't chinh sach nhan Iffc khu vffc cdng, trong dd cd chinh sach dao lao, cac nha quan ly can phai dffa vao cac dac die'm cua khu vffc cong neu tren trong qua trinh xay dffng va ban hanh chinh sach;
ddng thdi can phai phd hdp vdi xu hffdng van dong bie'n ddi cua xa hoi, nha't la nhffng bien dd'i manh me trong bd'i canh each mang 4.0.
2. Ydu cau cua each mang 4.0 doi vdi nhSn Iffc khu vffc cdng
Cach mang 4.0 dffde khdi xffdng va cdng bo chinh thffc nam 2016, vdi y nghia la eudc each mang ve san xua't thdng minh, dffa tren nhflng thanh tffu cua tri tue nhan tao, internet van v|t, cdng nghe sinh hoc va cdng nghe nano. Nhieu chuyen gia danh gia cu6c each mang nay se lam thay ddi hoan toan each thffc con ngudi dang sdng, lam viec va Iffdng lac vdi nhau, the hien d cac khia canh: (1) Viec san xua't mdt san pham vdi sd'Iffdng ldn se dan dffde thay ihe' bang viec san xua'l san
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ph3,'m ddn chie'c theo nhu civ cua khach hang, ddi hoi cac nha san xua't phdi Iffa chpn phffdng thffc, cong nghe phii hdp de san xua't ra san pham ddn chie'c dap ffng nhu cau cua khach hang ca ve hinh thffc va chat Iffdng, vdi chi phi tha'p nha't; (2) He tho'ng ke't nd'i internet ddng vai trd quan trong, anh hffdng mang tinh thay ddi de'n quy trinh san xua't va quyet djnh ke't qua san xuS't san phS'm, theo dd, nha san xua't va khach hang kd't nd'i, tffdng tac vdi nhau d quy md va pham vi rdng, vdi sff linh boat nham thoa man nhu ctu cua ca hai bdn; (3) Tri tue nhan tao dffde sff dung trong nhieu kh^u cua quy trinh san xua't, thay thd' sffc lao ddng trffc tie'p cua con ngffdi, vffa lam giam chi phi san xuat, lai vffa tang nang sua't lao dong.
Tinh than each mang 4.0 hien dang phu khap the gidi, khdng chi dd'i vdi Iinh vffc san xua't, ma cdn dffde cac to' chffc trong khu vffc cdng hffdng ling. Dieu do cung cd nghia la se co sff thay ddi ve ciich thffc quan ly trong khu vufc cdng, ma trffdc he't la tff nhan thffc va ky nang cua can bd, cdng chffc, vign chffc. DSy vffa la cd hoi de' nang cao hieu qua quan ly, nhffng ciing la thach thitc dd'i vdi nhan life cua khu vffc nay, cu the la:
- Thd: nhdt, nhan life khu vffc cdng phai cd kha nang nJm bat nhu can chinh sach tff phia ngffdi dan; kha nang phan tich, danh gia, td'ng hdp nhu cau chinh sach, iff do tham mtfu nhflng bien phap quan iy, ndi dung chinh sach mdt each phii hdp nham dap ffng nhu cau hdp phap ngay cang da dang tff phia khach hang la ngffdi dan.
- Thii hai, nhan Iffc khu vffc cdng phai cd kie'n thffc, ky nang ffng dung cdng nghe thdng tin trong ho^t ddng chuyen mdn, quan ly va sff cap nhat thffdng xuyen de' ho thffc sff lam chu trong viec ket ndi, Iffdng tac vdi khach hang la ngffdi dtn vdi sff da dang ve nhan thffc, van hda, dan toe, ldn giao, nham thda man ca nhu cau hdp phap cua ngffdi dan, ca nhu cau dd'i mdi, cai tie'n nang cao hieu qua quan ly.
- Thd ha, nhan Iffc khu vffc cdng phai cd kien thffc, ky nang giao dich, dam phan qud'c te'de ho thffc sff lam chii trong viec trien khai cac boat ddng hdp tac vffdt ra khdi quy md dia phffdng, qud'c gia, nham Iinh hdi, ffng dung nhflng kie'n thffc khoa hoc, cdng nghe va qudn Iy mdi, tie'n bd dffde tao ra tff cude each mang 4.0 de tham mffu hoach djnh chinh sach, gdp phan ddi mdi, nang cao hieu qua quan ly.
3. M6t sd'va'n d l dat ra dd'i v6i boat dong dao tao nhan Iffc khu vffc cong d Vi^t Nam trong bd'i canh each mang 4.0
Tff dac diem cua nhan life trong khu vffc cdng va nhflng yeu cau cua each mang 4.0 dd'i vdi nhan lffe khu vffc cdng, ngoai viec dao tao ve chuyen nganh theo chuan dau ra dffde phap luat quy dinh, ndi dung chffdng trinh dao tao nhan Iffc cho khu vffc nay can dffde xay dffng dam bao hinh thanh d ngffdi hoc dao dffc cdng vu va cac ky nang can thie't khac phij hdp vdi yeu c^u cdng vide cua khu vffc cdng trong xa hoi hien dai: Kha nang sff dung ngoai ngff ehuydn mdn dap ffng vdi yeu cau cdng viec cua khu vffc cdng trong xu hffdng hdi nhdp, kha nang ffng dung cdng nghe thdng tin trong thffc hidn nhiem vu cdng tac chuyen mdn, kha nang nghien cffu, tham mffu quye't dinh chinh sach, dao dffc cdng vu, ky nang giao tie'p ffng xff trong thffc thi cdng vu,... cu the:
- Thd nhdt, hinh thanh cho ngffdi hoc kha nang nghien cffu, tham mffu quye't djnh chinh sach: Hoat dong cua can bo, cdng chffc, vidn chffc thffdng Id hoat ddng gan hen vdi viec tham mffu hoach dinh chinh sach va thffc thi chinh sach, phap luat cua nha nffdc. Cac chinh sach, phap luai dffde thffc hien cd hieu qua khi nd dffde hoach dinh mdt each khoa hoc, phil hdp vdi tinh hinh thffc tien, do dd, yeu cau dat ra dd'i vdi ho la phai the hien dffde nang Iffc nghien cffu td't mdi cd the kip thdi tham mffu, de xua't vdi lanh dao trong viec ra quye't dinh chinh sach de lam cdng cu cho cdng tac qudn ly, dieu hanh hoac phuc vu quan ly, dieu hanh cua nha nffdc. De' ddm bao yeu cau nay, ndi dung chffdng trinh dao tao nhan life khu vffc cdng cIn dffde thie't ke' theo hffdng hinh thanh cho ngffdi hoc khd nang nghien cffu tdng hdp, kha nang tham mffu hoach djnh chinh sach phuc vu boat ddng nghe nghiep cua ho sau khi id'l nghiep.
- Thd hai, hinh thanh cho ngffdi hoc khd nang ffng dung cdng nghe thdng Un trong thffc hien nhiem vu cdng tac chuyen mdn: Trong xa bdi hien dai, "chinh phu dien tff" dang dffde ap dung rdng rai lai khap cac qud'c gia tren the gidi, internet van vat la dieu kien thffc hien each mang 4.0, do dd, khd nang ffng dung cdng nghe thdng tin la mdt yeu cau vffa la cd ban, vffa la ddi hdi cao dd'i vdi cac can bd, cdng chffc, vien chffc. Hieu qua cua cac cd quan, td chffc trong khu vffc cong dffde danh gia thdng qua viec dap ffng nhanh nha't, td't nha't nhffng
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yeu cau cua ngffdi dan. Trong thffc thi nhiem vu, ne'u ca nhan cd kha nang ffng dung cdng nghe thdng tin dap ffng td't yeu cau cdng viec, se la nhan Id' quan trong giup cho cdng viec cua cd quan dffde thuan ldi. Chinh vi the, kha nang ffng dung cdng nghe thdng tin cua can bd, cdng chffc, vien chffc la yeu cau quan trgng va c^n thie't, ddi hdi phai dffde quan tam klii xay dffng chffdng trinh dao lao nhan Iffc trong khu vffc cdng.
- Thd ba, hinh thanh cho ngffdi hoc kha nang sff dung ngoai ngff chuyen mdn dap ffng vdi ydu c^u cdng vide cua khu vffc cong trong xu hffdng hoi nhap va each mang 4.0: Trong bd'i canh hdi nhap qud'c te'sau va rdng nhff hien nay, cung vdi dd la bd'i canh each mang 4.0, cac cd quan, to' chffc trong khu vffc cdng can cd sff trao ddi, hoc hdi kinh nghiem vdi hen ngoai, vdi cac nha nffdc va td' chffc qud^c te', ddi hoi mdi can bd, cong chffc, vien chffc can phai cd trinh do ngoai ngfl nha't djnh lam "chia khda" de hdi nhap. Ngoai viec sff dung ngoai ngff giao tie'p, can bd, cdng chffc vien chitc can phai cd kha nang giao tiep ngoai ngfl chuyen nganh nham dap ffng ydu cau ve nghien cffu, td'ng kd't kinh nghiem thffc tien trong nffdc va nffdc ngoai de' tham mtfu hoach djnh chinh sach cho lanh dao trong viec trid'n khai hoat ddng hdp tac qud'c te'cua qud'c gia cung nhff cua dia phffdng. Dodo, viec hinh thanh cho ngffdi hoc khd nang sff dung khoai ngfl chuyen mdn la mdt trong nhffng nhidm vu dao tao quan trong trong cac cd sd dao tao nganh Ndi vu.
- Thd tu. hinh thanh dao dffc cdng vu cho ngtfdi hoc: Ndi dung chffdng trinh dao tao phai hinh thanh cho ngffdi hoc y thffc cha'p hdnh chii trffdng, dffdng Id'i cua Dang, chinh sach, phap luat cua Nha nffdc va quy dinh cua cd quan, td chffc ndi cdng tac; hinh thanh tac phong va \i id'i lam viec phu hdp vdi che' dd cdng vu, linh than san sang lam viec, niem dam me, thai do lam viec nghiem tiic, tinh than cd'ng hie'n, phuc vu cho nha nffdc va xa hdi.
Ndi dung nay can dffde thffc hien bdi vi boat ddng cua cac cd quan, td chffc trong khu vffc cdng thifdng la hoat ddng thffc thi chinh sach, phap luat cua Nha nffdc tren cd sd tnen khai cac chu trffdng, dffdng Id'i cua Dang. Do dd, de dam bdo cho cac chinh sach, phap luat dffde thffc hien nghiem chinh va thd'ng nha't, trffdc het la nhffng ngffdi thffc thi chinh sach - can bd, cdng chffc, vien chffc phdi
nghiem chinh chap hanh dffdng ldi, chu trffdng cua Dang, nghiem chinh thffc thi chinh sach. phap luat ciia Nha nffdc va cac quy dinh cua cO quan, td chffc. Ben canh dd, cdng viec cua cac cd quan, td chffc trong khu vffc cong cd pham vi rong tren mgi linh vffc cua ddi sd'ng xa hoi, giffa mdi cdng vi6c trong boat ddng quan ly cda khu vffc cdng cd stf lien quan nha't dinh, dffde thffc hidn theo cd ch6' lien thong de' giam bdt cac khau thu tuc cho ngffdi dan va trong qua tnnh giai quye'l cdng viec, nS'u tac nghen hay cham d mot khau nao dd, se anh hffdng den ca qua trinh giai quye't cac yeu can cua ngffdi dan. Do dd, nhan Iffc trong khu vffc cdng phdi cd tac phong va le Id'i lam viec phu hdp vdi tffng cdng viec, luon the hidn dffde tinh thin sJn sang lam vide, niem dam me va thai dp lam vific nghiem tuc, sdn sang dam nhan nhflng cdng viec khd, ddl hdi nang lffe, sff tSn tam va dam chju traeh nhiem ve cdng ke't qua cdng vide. Mat khac, m6t trong nhffng dac diem cua nha ntfdc phap quyen la tinh phuc vu nhan dan, tffe la Nha nffdc difdc nhan dan lap ra va trao cho quyen dieu hanh xa hdi, cho nen, can bo, cdng chffc, vien chffc trong qua trinh thtfc thi nhiem vu phai dat ldi ich chung len tren ldi ich cua bdn than, trung thffc va tan tuy phuc vu nhan dan, sdn sang dap ffng cac ydu can hdp phap cua nhan dan. Dac bidt la trong xu hffdng cai each hanh chinh nha nffdc hien nay, cac qudc gia deu dat muc tieu cai each quan trong la
"chuyen tff nen hanh chinh cai trj sang nen hanh chinh phuc vu" thi nhan sff trong cac cd quan, 16 chffc cua khu vffc cdng phai dat ldi ich qud'c gia len tren he't, phai the hien tmh than cdng hid'n, phuc vu cho muc ddu cua Nha ntfdc, cua cd quan cdng tac, phuc vu cho Idi ich cua cdng dong va xa hoi, khdng hach dich, cffa quyen trong qua tnnh thffc thi cdng vu.
- Thii ndm. hinh thanh cho ngffdi hoc ky nang giao tie'p tfng xfl h-ong thffc thi cdng vu: Nhan Itfc trong khu vffc cdng. nha't la nhffng ngtfdi trffc tiS'p thffc thi cdng vu, tie'p xuc trffc tie'p va giai quy&'t cac yeu cau cua ngffdi dan, de dam bao chat Iffdng va hieu qua cdng viec, ho phdi cd nhffng yeu cau cao ve ky nang giao tie'p, ffng xff, cu the nhff: Co thai do nha nhan trong giao de'p, phii hdp vdi quan niem va phep lac xa giao cua xa hdi dffdng thdi; co sff chuan mffc. Id dd trong giao tie'p vdi tffng do'i tffdng (vdi nhan dan, vdi cap tren, ca'p dffdi va vdi ddng nghiep). Cd nhdn trong cac cd quan, td chffc
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cua khu vffc cdng cd kha nang giao tie'p, ffng xff nhan dan (dao dffc cdng vu) cua nhan life khu vffc tdt se tao dffde sff hai hda trong giai quye't cdng cdng trong bdi cdnh nha nffdc phdp quyen hien viec, tao dffde sff hai long cho ngtfdi ddn, nang cao nay. Chinh vi the, viec dao tao nhan life khu vffc hieu qud hoat ddng cua cd quan, to chffc, gdp phan cdng khdng the khdng chu y den vide hinh thanh bao ve che dd chinh iri, che" do nha nffdc. Dac khd nang giao tiep ffng xff trong thffc thi cdng vu diem nay con the hien linh than, thdi dp phuc vu cho ngffdi hoc •
TAI LIEU THAIM KHAO:
/. Klaus Schwab (2016), The Fourth Industrial revolution. Crown Bisine.ss, New York.
2. Le Qudc PhUOng (2017), "Thiic day xudt khau trong bd'i cdnh Cdch mang Cdng nghiep ldn thd Tu", Tap chi Kmh te'vd Du bdo, so 28+29 (thdng 10/2017).
3. Ngo Sy Trung (2016). "Ddo tao nhdn luc chdt luang cao cho khu vUc cong". Tap chi Qudn ly nhd nudc sd248 (9/2016).
4. Ludt Cdn bg. cdng chUc 5. Ludt Vien chUc nam 2010.
Ngay nh§n bai: 7/3/2019
Ngay phan bien danh gia va su'a chi?a: 17/3/2019 Ngay ch^'p nh$n dang bai: 27/3/2019 Thdng tin tdc gid:
TS. NGO SY TRUNG Trtfdng Dai hoc Noi vu Ha Ndi
HUMAN RESOURCES TRAINING FOR PUBLIC SECTOR IN VIETNAM
IN THE CONTEX OF INDUSTRY 4.0
• PhD NGO SY TRUNG Hanoi University of Home Affairs
ABSTRACT:
This article focuses on analyzing the human resources training for public sector in respone to the requirement of Industry 4.0. By using research methods of analysis and synthesis, this article clarifies some issues including characteristics of human resources for public sector, requirements of Industry 4.0 and a number of issues raised for human resource training for Vietnam's public sector in the context of Industry 4.0.
Keywords: Industry 4.0, human resources for public sector, human resource training for public sector.
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