LUAT - COT LOI CUA PHAP QUYEN
1. Dat van de
Xin neu ba chuyen sau ddx: 1) I rude thi nhieu. chi den gan dax mdi it thay khau hieu
"Sdng. lam xiec theo Hien phdp vd phdp luat"; 2) Max thang trudc Ngay Dai le 1.000 nam Thang Long Ha Ngi. tren nhieu dudng phd Thii dd trung bang rdn viet mot cau dgc dao thugc loai dien hinh: "Hudng tdi nga> phdp luat a Ha Ndi": 3) Cum lir
"Nha nude phap quyen xa hdi chii nghTa cua nhan dan. do nhdn dan. xi nhan dan" nay xuat hien thudng xuxen trong ngdn ngu' chinh thdng a nude ta.
Cam thay la tir ba chuyen ay. Nd khdng binh thudng theo quan niem ciia nha luat. La va khdng binh thudng x i luat phdp de ra la dc thuc hien: x i pham phdp kuit do khdng biet luat van phai chiu trdch nhiem. trong ludt phap khdng cd liri khuyen nen sdng xa Iam xiee theo Hien phap xd phdp luat. La xd khdng binh thudng xi it ai biet ngay nao la
"Ngay phap luat" o Ha Ndi. Vax cac ngax khac trong niim a Ha Ngi la nhung ngay
"khdng luat phap"? La xi trudc day d ta khdng ndi "Nha nude phdp quxen" cdn nay cdc tir ngii dd trd thanh quen thugc.
Nhirng chuxen dd cd nguyen nhan can ban. sau xa. Nude ta xdn khdng cd truyen thdng trgng phdp luat. ehira ed ldi sdng van hda theo luat phap. Thdi phong kien. cd it luat. ma cd luat chang nira. luat (phep \ ua) thua le lang. Lang nhieu bao nhieu. le nhieu biix nhieu. nidi lang nigt le. Thdi dc qudc.
thuc dan thdng trj. cd luat phap. do thuc dan de qudc dp dat. nhung nhiin dan kien quyet chdng de qudc. thue dan. bat tuan luat phap.
Thiri kinh te ke hoach hda. cd luat. nhirng Nhd niriVc quan ly theo Idi hanh chinh tap trung quan lieu. Chuyen sang kinh Id thj
Nguyen Van Lutlt trudng. he thdng phap ludt nidi biit ddu dugc xax dung, nhirng lam ddi (chua kx). xiia xax dung xiia sua ddi. bd sung. Luiit Idm xong rdi phai chcr hudng dan thi hdnh. 'Hiuc hien luat khdng nghiem. Biin tay xd hinh eua thi trudng gdp phan lain cho viec thuc thi luiii phdp im lac. Tdm lai. phap quyen chua dii.
nhan thirc xe phdp quyen chua sau. trong khi sire ep phai theo nguxen tac phap quxen dc nang.
2. Dong lyc Ion thiic day phiip quyen
• Ddng lue mang linh qudc gia Dang. Nha nude xa nhan dan dang tiep tuc xay dung Nha nude phdp quxC-n xa hoi chu nghTa cua nhan dan. do nhan dan. xi nhan dan. Cude sdng ddi hoi nang cao nans' lire quan lx x d dieu hdnh eua Nha nude theo luat phiip. Biio cdo chinh tri eua Ban C'hiip hanh Trung uang Dang tai Dai hdi dai bieu loan qudc liin thir XI cua Dang yeu can
"Nang cao nang luc qudn ly va dieu hanh ciia Nha nude theo phdp luat...": ddng thdi chl rd: "Liep tuc ddi mdi Id chiic va hoat ddng ciia Chinh phu theo hudng... tang tinh dan chii va phap quyen trong dieu hanh cua Chinh phii"'
• Ddng luc ihiic day mang linh qudc le Ngay nay. the gidi lay dan chu va phap quydn lam tieu chi chinh trj va phdp luiit quan trgng hang dau de danh gia va phan loai Nha nude va Chinh phii. Nude ta hgi nhap qudc te. hdi nhap sau vc kinh te. chju sir qudn trj loan cau xd kinh te - thirang mai.
cang ddi hoi boat ddng cua Nhd nude. Chinh phii phai tang tinh dan chu xa tinh phap quyen theo ehuan mue qudc te.
' I S . . Vu Phap lual. \'an phong Chinh phii.
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' Dang Cpng san Viet Nam. Van kicn Dili hpi dai bi^u loan quoc lan thir X I . Nxb. Chinh tri quoc giii.
Ha Noi. 201l.tr.217. 24<;,
l.l'.iT COTI.OICl A
Nhung lira chgn phdp quyen khdng \ i sire ep md chinh vi Igi ich cua phdp quydn.
i. Tam quan trong ciia phap quyen Phap quxen la van de mau chdt. can ban nhat. ddng thdi la van de bde biia nhat. cd x nghTa cue kx quan trgng cua khoa hgc chinh trj xd luat hgc. Da cd khdng bidt bao nhieu tri tue uxen bac ndi. nghien ciru. xiet xe xan dc nay. Mong mudn eiia tdi la neu dugc ndi dung ma tdi cho Id cdt xeu. thu lx giai ve phap quyen mdt each khdng gido dieu.
nhirng cung khdng ly luan xien xdng. ddng thdi quan tiim tdi thire te neu trdn.
Xin mirgn kVi mdt xi Bd truong nude ngoai ndi ve y nghTa cua phap quyen. Ngdx 11-9-2008. trong ldn den tham Vict Nam.
ngai Jack Straxv. Bd truong Bg Tu phap Vuang qudc Anh da phdt bieu vdi cdc vj lanh dao. gidng \ ien va sinh x icn trudng Dai hgc Luat Ha Ngi. Dai hgc qudc gia Ha Ndi xa cdc sinh vien ciia Chirong trinh hgc bdng Chexening. Ong ndi rang, mot dieu dng da hgc dugc lir thiri lam Bd trudng Ngoai giao la: ""Siic manh va sir giau cd cua mdt qudc gia ciing nhu kha nang ddi mat xdi khd khan dugc quyet djnh rat Idn bdi su xung manh ciia cac the che. xa cam kel eiia Chinh phu xa ciia ngudi dan xe phdp quyen. Nhirng xeu td dd cung cd tam quan trgng khdng kem nhiing yeu td nhu tdi nguxen thien nhien. khi hau hax dja lx cua qudc gia dd"
C)ng khang djnh: "Bang chimg id rang nhat xe gia trj eiia phap quytJn la mdt thuc te rdng. nhUng nude duy tri dugc su dn dinh lau dai xc kinh te. xa hgi xd chinh trj cung ehinh la nhirng nude tuan theo linh than ciia phap quyen"
4. Thieu sot trong ly giai vc phap quvcn
I X giai xd tinh than phdp quydn. a nude ta. hau het mgi ngirdi thudng chi dirng lai chii xeu a xiee eoi Nha nude phdp quyen ed thugc tinh quan ly bdng liuit phap xa thugng tdn luiii phap. Idi ddng tinh xdi quan diem nd>. nhung theo tdi. eae nhd nghien ciru hau
nhu bo qua dac trung co bdn nhat cua x an de thugng tdn lual phdp.
Thirc chdt ciia tinh thdn phdp quyen. cua Nha nude phdp quydn the hien a ehd: tuan theo luat va thu'ong ton luat. Chi cd ludt (ehir khdng phdi cac van ban qui pham phdp luat khac) mdi Id cot coi cita phdp quydn;
phai xudt phdt tir lual x d gidi ban bdi luat.
Tir "luat" trong tidng Viet cd hai nghTa:
a nghTa rgng (trim tugng). tir •iual" Id cdch ndi tdt dimg dd ehi luat phdp (pliap luat); a nghTa hep (ci,i the), lir "ludt" dimg de ehi mdt xan ban qui phiim phdp luiit cd ten ggi la luat. Trong bdi ndy. tir "ludt" dugc su dung Iheo nghTa thir hai (ngliTa hep). Iheo Ludt Ban hanh van ban qui pham phap luiil nam 2008. "Luat la x'an bdn qui pham phdp luat de qui djnh cdc xan dc co ban thudc ITnh xuc kinh te. xa hdi. qudc phdng an ninh. tai chinh, tien td. ngan sdch. Ihud. dan tdc. tdn giao. van hda. giiio due. x id. khoa hgc. cdng nghe. mdi trudng. ddi ngoai. td chirc xd boat ddng cua bd mdy nhd nude, che do cdng vu.
cdng chuc. quxen va nghTa vu ciia cdng ddn.
(Didu 11. khoan 2).
5. Vj tri ciia luat trong he thong van biin qui pham phiip luat
He thdng dd gdm ede loai xan ban cu the dugc liet kc trong Luat Ban hdnh van ban qui pham phdp luat nam 2008. He thdng xan ban qui pham phdp luat dugc xdp hang, cd thir bac. cd trat tu. giua cac loai xan ban qui pham phap luat cd mdi lien ket chat che vdi nhau xe nhieu phuong dien theo chieu tir tren xudng vd ngugc lai. theo chidu tir dudi len. Cdc van ban qui pham phap luat lap thanh mot be thdng thdng nhat va theo qui chuan dugc luat phdp qui djnh.
Tren cao nhat la llicn phap. nhung Hidn phap. luat. bg luat. dao luat deu la luat. I lidn phdp chi khac d didm nd la Luat ca ban.
6. Tai sao noi luat la cot loi ciia phap quyen?
Cd ba can nguyen co bdn khien luat mdi Id cdt Idi cua phdp quydn;
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MIA M IH \A PHAP l.lWr SO 312012
Thu nhdl. vi Qudc hdi Id ea quan dux nhat eo quxen lap hien xd kip phdp (lam lual).
Thu hai. xi Quoe hdi Id eo quan diii dien Ciio nhdt cua nhan dan. Ludt vi xiix phan dnh x elii cua nhan ddn. Nhdn dan hieu theo nghTa Id loan the nhan dan va tirng nguiri dan. Do do xe nguydn lx. ehi cd kuit mdi phan anh x chi cua todn ddn; luat anh huang den loan xd hdi x a timg nguiri ddn.
Dd Id thudc tinh phdp quxen hgp hien eua kuit.
Thir ha. Nhd nude la Id Nhd nude dan nhdt. khdng phai la Nha nude lien bang. Vi vay. ldi ca quxen lire lap phdp eua Nhd nude lap tiling xdo Qudc hdi xd thdng qua hinh thirc cdc diio lual.
Ndi ludt Id cdt Idi eua phdp quxen khdng chl lam tang linh phdp quxen cua ban thdn he thdng phdp kuit. Ciia tri eua x ndx ehu xeu nam o' ehd: cdi ui .sc thu dugc neu lual dugc
tra liii dimg xj tri xa xai trd eua no theo nguxen tac phap quxen. lang tinh phap quxen eua luat se rat liiru ich ir ehd; 1 ) Cidp phan Idm id ngi dung eo ban eua lx ludn xe Nhd nirdc phdp quxcn; 2) lang cudng hieu lire vd gid trj cua luiit; 3) Ihdng qua ludt. sc tang cuimg mdi quan he tin nhiem ldn nhau giiia cac ca quan ngiix trong he thdng hd max nhd nude: 4) lang cuimg sir tin nhiem eua nhdn dan ddi xdi Nha nude; .^) Ngirge kii. hieu lire, hieu qua xd ciiai lugng eua luiil tang; su tin nhidm eua nhan dan ddi xoi Nhii nude tang; hieu qua hiuU ddng eua hd max nha nude tang sc tao ra ddng co khuxen khich xa thiie ddx sir tiep tue tang cuimg tinh phdp quxen eua \ h d nude. Noi eiieh khac.
Idx ludt 1dm cdt Idi eua phdp quxen edii nham mue dich xa liim Id dill dirge ehdl lugng eao ban trong hoiit ddng kip phdp.
hdnh phdp x d tu phdp.
(Tiep theo trang 6 I e co ciiu...) - Chuang W. \'e kinh id. xan hda. gido diie. khoa hgc xd edng nghe xdi ede qux djnh xe quan didm. nguxen tac. xe muc lieu eua qiide gia Viet Niim xe kinh le. xan hda.
giiio diie. khoa hgc xd edng nghd;
- Chuang \'. Bao xe Id qudc \ iet Nam;
- Chuang \ l . Qudc hdi:
- Chuang \11. Chu tieh nude:
- Clurang \ l l l . C hinh phu;
- Chuang IX. lo.i dn;
Chuong .X. i\\c thiet che diic bidt (Ida hien phdp. Kiem todn nha nude):
- Chuang XI. Chinh quxen dja phuong;
Chuang XII. Thud, ngan sdch. tdi ehinh;
- Chuang XIII. Sua ddi Hidn phdp. dieu khoan diic biet. dieu khoan bd sung xd dieu khoan chuxen licp.
Theo phirang dn md tdi de xudt. C'hu'trng quxen eon nguiri. quxen xd nghia xu eua cdng dan dugc duii ldn Chuang II (theo llicn phdp nam 1992 la Chuang V). Chuang II vii Chuirng III xe kinh id. van hda. giiio due.
khoa hgc xd edng nghd dugc ghep lai thanh mdt ehuang. Lien quan ddn quydn lu phap cd mdt ehuang xe Ida dn xiVi lu eiich la co quan Ihire hidn quxen tu phdp. li'ong chuirng mix khdng qux djnh xd \ieii kiem sdt. Can ed chuang xe eac thidt che diic biet de tang cuimg ea chd kidm tra. gidm sal quxcn lire nhd nude (Chuang X). C'de quan he ve thud, ngan siich. tai chinh can cd chuang rieng dc the hidn rd sir edng khai.
minh bach eua cdc quan he nax (Chuang XII). len chuang qux djnh xe chinh quxen dja phirang nen ghi mdt each khdi qudt ehir khdng nen ghi nhu hidn nay Id Hdi ddng nhdn dan xa Ux ban nhdn dan.
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