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hi Hiiu Hpc* vd Nguyin Due Trpng**
Ngay nhgn: 29/12/2016 Ngdy nhdn bdn sira: 18/01/2017 Ngdy duypt dang; 23/01/2017 Tom tit
Ki tir khi ra ddi, md hinh xodn ba (Triple Helix) da gidi thieu mgt khung ly thuyit mo td mdi quan hf giira trudng dgi hgc, doanh nghiep vd chinh phu - nhiing thdnh to chu yiu cia he thong ddi mdi qudc gia. Md hinh ndy da dugc ung d^ng rgng rai yd xudt hifn trong nhiiu nghien cthi vi ddi mdi ttii cdc qudc gia phdt triin va dang phdt trien. Huang tiep cgn Triple Helix dugc khing dinh nhu Id mdt dgng life ly tucmg di thuc ddy moi quan hf gdn kit giira Irudng dgi hgc vd doanh nghiep trong phgm vi qudc gia. Cdc nghien cm thyic chimg vi Triple Helix a Vift Nam cdn khd it. Chinh vi vdy, bdi bdo ndy tdng hgp ca sd ly lugn vi lien kit trudng dgi hgc - doanh nghiep vd md hinh Triple Helix. Tren casado dua ra mgt so de xual cho vifc vmg dgng md hinh ndy trong vifc nghien cm vd thuc ddy lien kit trudng dgi hgc - doanh nghiep - chinh phu a Vift Nam.
Tir khda: lien kit. trudng dgi hgc. doanh nghifp. chinh phii. Triple Helix Triple Helix Model of university - industry - government linkage and some
implications for Vietnam Abstract
Since firstly introduced. Triple Helix model provided a framework for describing the collaboration between university, industry and government - the essential elements of the national innovation system. The model has been applied widely and appeared in several research papers on innovation in both developed and developing countries. In Vietnam, it totally lacks of experimental study on the Triple Helix. Nevertheless, the Triple Helix approach is certainly considered as an ideal motivation for promoting the associated collaboration between the university and business in a national scope. Hence, this paper summarizes the literature on the university - industry linkage and as well as the Triple Helix model Consequently, there are some implications for employing this model for studying and promoting the university - industry - government collaboration.
Keywords: linkage, collaboration, university, industry, government, Triple Helix 1.0$t van de lUn idt giua trudng dgi hgc vd doanh nghifp
Lien kit Hudng dai hpc-doanh nghipp Id '° "'' ™"ff "^^ ""'^'" (Etzkowitz, H. vd mOl chii de nhdn dupc su quan tdm cua ddng Leydesdorff, L., 1995; Hall vdcpng sy, 2003) ddo cac nha khoa hpc ttdn flli gidi. Da sd cdc y Cd nhiiu ly do de thiic diy lien kit kien deu cho rang ''cdc Irudng dgi hgc dugc Hudng dgi hpc - doanh nghipp. Thdng qua mdi xem la mgt ngudn cting cdp tri thtic mdi man^ quan he hpp tac vdi cdc trudng dai hpc, doanh y nghia sdng cdn ddi vdi doanh nghiip vd mdi nghiep cd diiu kipn tiip can nguin Hi fliirc tir
^ trudng dai hpc thdng qua dpi ngii cdn bp gidng
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nfaan dugc ngudn kinfa pfai danfa cfao nghien cuu ca ban ldn ban, it rang budc vdi cdc thii tgc hanh chinfa faan.
Tron^ kfaoang faon 20 nam trd Iai ddy, cd rat nfaieu de tdi ngfaien cuu lien quan den vdn de ndy tai cac qudc gia tren kfadp tii6 gidi. Tieu bieu la cac ngfaien cuu ciia Cfaarl^ (2003), Cooke (2001), Dasgusla vd David (1994), Kitagawa (2004), Lundvall (1993), Nelson (2004), Salter va Martin (2001) vh vai fa-d cua trudng dai hpc trong qud trinh ddi mdi cdng ngfae vd pfadt iriln kinfa tk xa fadi, cdc trudng dai hpc dugc danfa gid Id y6u Id trung tam cua hp thdng kinh tk; ngfaien cuu cua Etzkowitz va Leydesdorff (2000), Slaughter va Leslie (1997) vk xu hudng thuc hipn "nhiem vu thu ba" cua cdc trudng dai hpc trong vipc ddng gdp va tham gia tnrc tilp vdo phat tri§n kinh te xa fapi, ben canfa faoat dgng ddo tao vd ngfaien cuu; cdc nghien cuu cua Anselin va cgng sg (2006), Arundel va Geuna (2004), Bonaccorsi va Piccaluga (1994), Cohen va cgng sg (2002), Fontana va cpng sg (2006), Fritsch va Scfawirten (1999), Geuna (2001), Gregorio vd Sfaane (2003), Hall vd cpng su (2003), Kaufimann vd Todtling (2001), Link (2002), Meyer-Krahmer va Schmoch (1998), Mowery vd cpng sg (2001), Santoro va Chakrabarti (1999), Slaughter vd cpng sg (2002), Tomquist va cpng sg (1994), Van Looy va cpng sg (2003), Velho va Saez (2002) dua ra su ton tai va cdc nhu cdu til yeu de fainh thanh lien ket trudng dai hgc vd doanh nghipp.
Cdc nghien cuu dua ra cdc hinh thdi Uen ket khde nfaau giira nfad trudng va doanfa nghipp trong dao lao, nghien cuu vd chuydn giao cdng nghp; cdc nghien cuu cua Anselin va cgng sg (2000), Arundel vd Geuna (2004), Cohen va cpng sg (2002), Fontana vd cgng su (2006), Jaffe (1989), Lee (1996), Santoro vd Chakrabarti (1999), Tomquist va Kalisen (1994) lap trung vao pban tich nhung dac tinfa lien quan den nfad trudng, doanh nghiep frong vipc hinh thdnh lien kel.
Y tudng lien ket giira ddu lao va nghien cuu da dugc Wilhelm Von Humboldt, nha triet hgc vd gido due ciia Due dua ra. Nam 1810, dng Id ngudi sang lap ra Dai hgc Berlin, trudng da thgc faien y tudng ciia dng, va md fainfa lien ket nay da lan rdng tai nfaieu trudng dai fagc ciia cfaau Au va cfaau My. Trong gan 600 nam, cdc trudng dai fagc faau nfau chi cd nfaiem vu dao tao, cung cdp ngudn nhan luc cfao cdc nganfa kinh te, xa hdi dap ung cac nhu cdu phat trien ciia qudc gia. Cai cacfa ldn nfadt cua trudng Dai hgc ciia Humboldt Id da tfaay ddi todn bd muc tieu hoat dpng cua irudng bang cdcfa chuyen trpng tam sang nghien cuu, va nghien cuu trd tfaanfa yeu td sdng cdn giiip cfao hoat ddng dao tao ddng gdp trgc tiep cfao xa fadi va phat trien kinfa tk. Myc lieu cua Trudng Dai fape Humboldt dugc d^t ra rdt ro rang:
Thu nhdt, tfauc hien cdc hoat dpng nghien cuu co ban, de tien tdi dat dugc tiinh dp cao gong nhieu ITnh vgc kfaoa fape va cdng ngfae.
- Thtr hai, nghien cihi trong trudng dai hpc gan lien vdi thgc te va ddng gdp cho sg pfadt trien ciia qudc gia, dac bipt phdt triin cac ITnh vgc cdng nghp phgc vg cho muc dich dan su vd mgc dich qudn sg, dua nudc Ddc trd tiianh qudc gia himg manh nhdt the gidi.
Ngay lu cudi tfae ky 19, hang dupc phdm noi tieng cua Due (Bayer) da thiit lap cdc moi quan hp vdi cdc tnrdng dai fagc (Bower, 1993).
Trong chien tranh thi gidi tfaii I, Uy ban Ngfaien cuu qudc gia ciia My da lap fagp cac nfaa khoa hpc tij cdc trudng dai hpc dinh hudng nghien cuu vdi nhimg nghien cuu vien tiong cdc doanh nghipp de fad trg chien franfa.
Cung quan diem vdi Wilhelm Von Humboldt, Etzkowitz vd Leydesdorff (2000) ciing nhan thay qua trinfa phat Iriln cdng ngfap ung dung lai cdc trudng dai hpc cd tac dpng tfaiic day sdng l^o vd kham phd ra nhiJng Ihanfa luu kfaoa fape mdi, kfadng phdi thdi dai ngay nay md da timg xdy ra lir rdt lau. Etzkowitz va Leydesdorff (2000) da dua ra cac md hinh 3
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vdng tro,, I'cn ket (xoan b.. jiCra ijliinh phu - doanh nghiep - nhd trudng de ludn gidi qud trinh phat trien cua mdi lien ket giira nha tnrdng vd doanh nghiep. Md hinh ndy da va dang duoc ling d ^ g ttong vipc nghien ciiu vdn de ndy tai nhieu qudc gia tren the gidi.
Hipn nay Vipt Nam can cd md hinh Hen ket hipu qua giiia cdc td chirc khoa hpc cdng nghe (trudng), doanh nghiep, vd chinh phu ttong khi cdn thieu cdc nghien ctiu thuc chiing ve Triple Helix d Viet Nam. Do dd bai bao ndy
nghiep vd chinh phu co ddc diem la cdc khdi td chirc rieng re, cd phan bipt ranh gidi rd rang.
Md hinh Triple Helix ni dupc xem la cit ldi Hong 1]/ thuyet cua Etzkowitz vd Leydesdorff ve "Md hinh Triple Helix cua mii quan he gida tnrdng dai hpc, doanh nghipp va chinh phu". Md hinh ndy bao gdm cac khoi to chirc chdng lip. Hong dd mdt td chirc cd flie thirc hien vai Hd cua td chuc khde thdng qua cdc hogt ddng hop lac (Etzkowitz vd Leydesdorff, 2000). Mdi td chiic van giO dupc Idng hpp CO sd ly ludn ve lien ket ttudng dgi nhung net rieng bipt, chirc nang chinh ttong hpc - doanh nghipp va md hinh Triple Helix, khi thuc Men vai Hd ciia tdc nhdn khde Tren ca sd dd dua ra mpt sd di xuit cho viec (Etzkowitz, 2003, 2008, 2012). Vi thi cdc ling dimg md hinh ndy ttong viec nghien cuu ttudng dgi hpc ed thi thuc hipn cdc chiic nang vd flnic diy lien kit lien kit Hudng dgi hpc - kinh doanh nhu gidi thipu, quang bd tri flnic va doanh nghipp - chinh phu d Viet Nam.
2. Cdc mo hinh Triple Helix
2.1. Cac giai dogn phdt trien vd y nghia cUa md hmh Triple Helix
Henry Etzkowitz vd Loet Leydesdorff (1995) dua ra khdi nipm "Md hinh Triple Helix ve moi quan hp gida trudng dgi hpc
tao ra cdc cdng ty mdi vd Hrong iing, cdc doanh nghidp cd thi Hin hdnh flurc hipn cdc nhipm vy hpc thudt, chia se tri thirc vdi nhau.
Vdi y nghia nhu vdy, md hmh ndy cung edp mpt kliung khdi nipm md ta mii quan hp gida Hudng dgi hpc, doanh nghiep vd chinh phii, tiianh t i chii yiu cua he tiling ddi radi J u 1 . - L . , - , . „ . - • • l"^'^ 8'^ (Edquist, 2005). Md hinh Trinle Z \ ^ t f - ",h''l t " - ^ ^ . ^ l " " ? " ^ «•="" ''^^^ " ' » "hu Id phin bi Tung cfla vd md Wnh hdn!^d ' ' ™ 7" f ""^ " " " ^ S tiip can he tiling dii mdi quic gia vd mo hinh hoa cdc moi quan he giOa Hudng Th,,^ ,i „/„ , A . ..:, r.r__ .., , „^ . ^ dgi hpc, doanh nghidp va chinh phfl, vd sir
chuyen ddi npi tgi ben ttong cua nhirng td chiic ndy tgi cdc nin kinh ti dira vao tri flnic.
Md hi^nh Triple Helix I Id md hinh Hnh (etatistic) ve mii quan hp gida Hudng dgi hpc, doanh nghipp vd ehlnh phu. Trong md hinh ndy, nhd nudc bao hdm vd dinli hudng mdi quan hp gida ttudng dgi hpc vd doanh nghipp.
Md hinh ndy xuat hipn rd net tai cdc nudc tiiupc Uen bang Xd Viit cu hodc cdc nudc
Thvc te, edc tdc gid Parayil va Sreekumar (2004) md td md hinh Triple Helbi nhu Id phien ban dupc cdeh dipn hda cua hp fliong doi moi quoc gia (National hinovaHon System - NIS). Tuy nhidn, Etzkowitz va Leydesdorff (2000) nhan mgnh sv khde bipt giOa Triple Helix vd hp thong ddi mdi quoc gia. Trong hp fliong ddi mdi qudc gia, doanh nghipp ddng vai Ho Hen phong ttong flurc hipn doi mdi. Hai hpc gid cung dua ra sir tuong phdn giua Triple Helix vdi mpt md hinh moi quan hp gitta oong Au Cae phien bdn yen hon cua mo hinh ^"^B. dgi hpc, doanh nghipp va chinh phu
nay co the duoc t i m thav trnno r.l,.'«l, ..A..U ...: tnrdn. fir. r«A 1,5„1, " T : . ; . ti_t.-^_» ...
nay co flie dupc tim fliiy ttong chinh sdch tai cdc nudc My La Hnh va flidm chi mpt so nudc Chau Au nhu Na Uy (Etzkowitz vd Leydesdorff, 2000).
^ Md hinh Triple Hehx n (laissezfaire) vi mci quan hp giiia ttudng dgi hpc, doanh
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tnrdc dd, md hmh "Tam gidc Sabato". Trong
"Tam gidc Sabato", nha nudc ddng vai H6 quan ttpng, lanh dgo hogt dpng doi mdi.
Ke tir khi dupc dua ra vdo giiia nhihig nam 1990, rnd hinh Triple Helix da dupc ling dpng vd xuit hien ttong nhiiu nghien cihi ve ddi mdi tgi cdc quoc gia, khdng chi tgi cdc
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qudc g,a phdt .njn ma iai cac q.-Jc gia uang phat triin (Wang, 2012; Ranga, 2013;
Eustache Megnigbeto, 2013; Yuzhuo Cai, 2014; Irena Vaivode, 2015; Rupika, Ashraf Uddin va Vivek Kumar Singh, 2016). Triple
h e x kliung chi In .«hai niem cfainh uung CBL, n ^ e n cuu ve ddi mdi, khoa hpc vd cdng nghe ma cdn xudt hien nhieu trong cdc nghien cuu vl giao due dai fagc (Boden vd cdng su, 2004;
Joacim Rosenlund va cdng su, 2016).
Hmh 1: Cac mo hinfa lien kit tnrong dai hpc - doanfa ngfaiep - Nfaa nudc
Mo hinh giai dogn 1:
Mo hinh giai dogn 3.
Mo hinh giai dogn 2:
Ngudn: Etzkowitz, H vd Hudng tiep can "Triple Helix' ciing ngay cdng thu hut dugc su quan tdm dac bipt ciia cdc nhd hoach djnh chinfa sdcfa. Minfa cfaung la sg tham gia vd ddng gdp cua cac nha faoacfa dinfa chinfa sacfa tir ca cac qudc gia phat trien va dang phdt trien tai cdc hdi nghi qudc te ve 'Triple Helix" (Shinn, 2002; Boden vd cdng sg, 2004).
Cd it nfadt 3 cdcfa khac nhau ma "Triple Helix" dugc xem xet va ung dung frong cdc cdng trinh nghien cuu. Triple Helix dugc su dgng nfau la mpt cdng cg pfaan ticfa md la, hoac md fainh pfaan ticfa dinfa lugng, faoac nfau mgt md hinfa chudn ldc mang tinh pfadp ly.
Leydesdor, L. (2000).
Khi dugc su dung nhu mpt cdng cg md td, cdc khdi trdn trong md hinh Triple Helix dugc sii dung de md la sg phat trien hodc tinh trang hipn tai ciia mgi quoc gia, mpt khu vgc ve lien ket giua cdc kbdi. Mdt vi du ve ung dgng nay dugc Parayil vd Sreekumar (2004) trinfa bay frong ngjiien cuu ciia minfa vdi cdc bien the ciia md fainh Triple Helix dugc lap bdng de md td thgc trang he thdng ddi mdi tai Hdng Kdng. Trong mpt nghien cuu kfadc, Konde (2004) da xdy dgng mpt md hinh Triple Helix bao gdm mdi quan he giiJa tnrdng dai hpc - cfainfa phu vd cdc don vi ddi tdc hoac Id chuc tdi frg cho cdng cupc phdt trien ddt nudc tai Zambia. Mpt vi dy dien hinh nira Id
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Iitzko\\itz va ^dng su da sii cjng md hinh Triple Helix de nghien cuu su phdt Hien cua cac hogt ddng uom tao cdng nghe tai Brazil.
Mpt cdeh khde ung dung md Unh Triple Helix Id gdn vao md hinh ndy mdt cdng cu phan Hch dinh lupng. Tieu bieu cho hudng Hep can ndy chinh Id nghien cun cfla Leydesdorff vd mpt sd tdc gid kbdc khi sir dyng Triple Helix 6i ddnh gid hdm lupng tri thuc cfla mdt nen kinh te dudi gdc dp tuong tdc giuB trudng dai hpc - doanh nghiep - chinh phfl thdng qua cdc dir lipu dinh lupng nhu thang do khoa hpc (scientometric), thang do cdng nghp (technometric) hodc thang do trang thdng tin dipn hi (webometric).
Ngodi ling dung nhu mpt cdng eu md td vd md hinh phdn tich dinh luong. Triple Helix cung dupc xem xet nhu Id mpt md hinh chuin tdc, hoac nhu la mpt md hinh myc Heu cdn dat tdi. Thugt ngO "Vdn hda Triple Helix" (Triple Helix culture) dupc dua ra ttong nghien ciiu cua cdc tdc gid Saad vd Zawdie (2004), Etzkowitz vd Mello (2004) hogc thugt ngu
"Cdc ehuong trinh md phdng Triple Hehx"
(Triple Helix-like programs) dupe dua ra Hong nghien ciiu cua lensen va Tragardh (2004) dupc xem Id cac myc tieu cdn dgt duoc hoac can ttien khai tgi mpt quic gia hodc mdt vimg.
Nhu vdy, hudng tiip can Triple HeHx dupc khdng djnh nhu Id mpt "dpng lye ly htdng" de Uiflc day mii quan hp gdn kit gida ttudng dgi hpc vd doanh nghiep ttong pham vi quic gia (Boden vd cpng sy, 2004).
2.2. Hgn che cua Md hinh Triple Helix
^ Cdc nhd phe buih da chi ra mpt si diim yeu ciia hudng tiip can "Md hinli Triple Helix cua moi quan hp giiia tiirdng dgi hpc - doanh nghipp - chmh phu". Boden vd cpng su (2004) cho rdng. Triple Helix khd flianh cdng ttong vi^ dua den mpt nen tdng mang tinh phuong phdp cho phdn Hch ddi mdi vd edc lien kit giua edc ttudng dgi hpc, doanh nghiep vd cac ca quan ehinh phfl. Cdc nhd phe bmh cimg dua ra nhung ddn gidi ve sy ndng can md Triple Hehx dupc su dyng ttong cac nghien cuu. Mac Q QUilNltKINHlf
u,, muc Heu cfla 11ipic Helix Id cung cap mpi nen tdng mang tinh phuang phdp de phan tich sy thay ddi, nhung md hinh ndy lgi thudng xuyen dupc sii dyng nhu Id mpt phep in dy, chu khdng phdi Id mpt khung phan ti'ch. Tuong tu nhu vdy. Hong mpt n^ien ciiu khde, Mowery vd Sampat chi ra rdng. Triple Helix van chua dat dupc nhimg ket qud Hen bp ttong nghien ciru hogc nghien ciiu thyc ehimg, ttong khi gia tri cda nd nhu la mpt kim chi nam cho cdc nghien cflni thyc chiing ttong Hrong lai cdn rdt hgn che.
Tuy cd nhiing chi trich nhu vay. Triple Helix vdn dupc un^ dyng ngdy cdng nhiiu ttong nhung nam gdn day. Cac hpi nghj ve Triple Helix ludn thu hut dupc sy tham gia cfla ddng ddo cdc chinh khdch, cdc nhd nghien cuu, doanh nghipp. Cdc cdng trinh nghien cuu vi hudng tiip cgn ndy la minh chiing cho no lyc phat hiin md hinh dinh lupng Triple Helix.
Hon thi nua, mgc du bdn thdn md hinh khi dupe xdy dyng chi dupc su dyng vdi myc dich gidi fliich lien kit Hudng dgi hpc doanh nghipp, nliung nhttng vmg dyng gin day cfla hudmg Hip edn nhu la mpt "cdng cy md td"
dupc dua ra frong phin ttude dS minh chimg sy httu dyng cfla md hinh ndy.
Mpt hgn chi khac cua md hinh Triple Helix dupc cdc nhd phe binh dua ra Id md htah ndy it ehfl y din edc chflrc nang chuyen doi ttong doanh nghipp va chinh phu. Nhiing chiic nang nay dupc eho Id cd y nghia doi vdi cdc trudng dai hpc. Cdc cdng ttinh da cdng bi vi Triple Helix tiiudng tgp trung vdo vin di Ihuang mgi hda cdc kit qud nghien cihi hpc tiiudt vd cac cdng ty khdi nghipp tir nghiSn cflu hpc thudt, it cd cdc bai bdo nghidn ciiu vi edc ndi dung khde cua moi quan he ba ben gitta tiudng dgi hpc - doanh nghipp - chinh phfl.
Ve lien ket song phuang giua trudng dgi hpc va doanh nghiep, Mowery vd Sampat cun^
chi ra rang, edc nghien cdu hipn nay chua de xuat duoc mpt bp tieu chi ro rdng de ddnh gid raiic dp lien kit giua Hirdng dgi hpc va doanh nghiep, ciing nhu chua chi ra dupc bp chi so
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gia lien ket trudng dai fagc - doanfa ngfaiep IfaKi faudng tiqp can Triple Helix.
3. Thuc trang va giai phap de ap dung ap d^ng mo hinfa Triple Helix if Viet Nam 3.1 Thtrc trgng viec dp dung mo hinh Triple Helix & Viet Nam
Trong bdi cdnfa Viet Nam, hau nhu cfaua cd mdt nghien cuu tfauc chung nao ve Triple Helix. Tuy nhien, faudng tiep can Triple Helix dugc kfadng dinh nfau Id mdt "dpng Igc ly tudng" de tfaiic ddy mdi quan he gdn ket gi^a trudng dai hgc vd doanfa ngfaiep trong pham vi qudc gia.
Trong nhimg ndm ^ n ddy, kfaoa fape va cdng n ^ e (KHCN) dd trd tfadnfa bd phdn huu CO cua qud trinh pfaat trien. Ben canfa viec chu trgng xay dung tiem Iuc KHCN vimg manh, ddi dao thi thuc ddy mdi lien kel 3 chieu Triple Helix (chinfa pfaii - doanfa nghiep - trudng dai hpc, vipn ngllien cuu) se ndng cao hieu qud boat dpng KHCN tfaeo hudng "khoa hgc vi nfadn sinfa" va giiip KHCN frd tfaanh ddng Igc quan trgng trong viec phdt trien nen kinh te tri thuc trong tien trinh fapi nfaap. Cd tfae thay, hoat dpng KHCN d Vipt Nam da cd su phdt trien manh me va tao nen "hieu ung xuc lac"
frong nfaieu ITnfa vgc va mgt trong nfaung nguyen nfaan cfau yeu tao nen su kfadi sdc ndy la da cd nhung gan ket chat che, linh ddng giira cac cfau tfae frong mdi lien ket 3 chieu Triple Helix d miic dg nfaat dinfa.
v l pfaia Chlnh pfau (faay kfaoi Nfaa nudc) da ban faanfa cdc cfainfa sdcfa, quy dinh, tao hdnh lang phdp Iy de faoat ddng KHCN dien ra faieu qua, nfau: Luat Khoa hgc va Cdng ngh$, Luat Cfauyen gjao cdng ngfae, Lu?l Chdt lugng sdn pham faang fada, Luat Tieu cfauan ky thuat, Ludt Sd hihi tri tup cd sg tuong thich cao so vdi luat quoc te va da thgc sg t ^ nen nhCmg Igc mdi tfaiic ddy chuyin giao cdng nghe giira cdc trudng d^ hgc/vien nghien ciru va nganh cdng nghipp. Ben canfa dd, vdi su quan tam.
ddu tu i 'ich dLiig cua Bm.^ va Nha nudc, nen KHCN Viet Nam trong thdi gian qua cd su pfadt trien ddng ghi nimn.
v l phia doanfa ngfaiep, cdc trudng dai fagc va vien ngfaien cuu da y tfauc rd tdm quan frpng cua vipc dua kfaoa hpc vao cudc sdng tfaeo faudng chu ddng ba ben. Tuc Id nfaa khoa hoc vd doanfa ngfaiep da cfaii dpng bat tay nfaau.
6 Viet Nam, gan day ciing cd kfadng il nfaiing nfaa khoa hgc, doanfa ngfaiep thanfa cdng theo pfauong thiic chu ddng ndy.
Ben canh dd, vdi su hd frg va kel ndi ciia nhd nudc thdng qua cdc sdn giao dich cdng nghp, cdc faoat ddng xuc tien, fadi chg cdng ngfae (tecfamart), nhimg md fainfa fagp tdc ndy ngdy cang khdng dinh dugc uu tfae. Nfaieu fagp ddng cfauyen giao dugc ki ket, su chii dpng ciia doanh nghiep bdt tay vdi nha khoa hpc nfau tfadi mpt ludng gid mdi cho boat dpng xa hdi hod kfaoa fape cdng nghe Viet Nam. Dieu ndy khdng chi lang trdeh nhiem cua doanh nghipp ddi vdi su pfadt trien cua KHCN, ma cdn gidm gdnfa nang ddu tu ngdn sach nhd nudc cho cac hoat ddng KHCN.
Theo bdo cao cua Cue LTng dgng vd Phdt triin cdng nghp (Bd KH&CN), nam 2015 Viet Nam ddu tu cho ngfaien ciiu va pfadt trien (R&D) KH&CN khoang 0,7% GDP (tirang duang khodng 700 tripu USD) frong dd tii Chinh phii chiem 70% thdng qua ba nguon chinh la chi ngan sdch nha nudc hang nam, faoat ddng hpp tdc qudc te qua von ho trg phat triin ODA vd cdc du dn fagp lac nghien ciiu chung vd tir khu vuc ngoai nha nudc. Hgp tdc cdng tu pfadt trien da tao cfao cac co sd ngfaien cuu cd tfaem ngudn tdi cfainfa pfagc vu nghien cuu trien kfaai, tir do gdp phdn Idm lang chdt lugng nghien ciiu khoa fagc. Tfaeo Bdo Nfaan Dan, fron^ ca cau ngudn thu ciia cac lo chuc R&D, ngudn thu do ki hgp ddn^ vdi cac doanfa ngfaiep da tang len ddng ke, cfaiem khoang 40% ngudn thu ngodi ngdn sdch ciia cac vipn ngfaien ciiu thudc ITnh vgc khoa hpc tg nfaien.
S t f n (1+2/20171 QUANLtKlNHTf 0 1
B ^ T l inMHH6Hie»HHllCTliN MO HJNH TRIPLE HELIX..
.Xdc dinh phat irien thi ttudng K. 1^ 1\' la yiu to quan ttpng ddi vdi su phdt trien cfla ddt nirdc, cho nen Bdng va Nhd nudc ta da xdc djnh can phdi tdng cucmg thuc day thi trucmg KHCN nhdm tiiyc hien cdc myc tieu tai co ciu nen kinh te xd hdi. Co che hien nay cho phep vipc thanh lap cdc edng ty (cdng ty spin-off,...) trong tnrdng DH nham myc dich tgo khdu trung gian dua ket qud nghien ciiu vdo nhdn tpng san xudt ttong khd nang cfla nhd trudng.
Trong Chiin lupc phdt trien thi trudng KHCN giai doan 2011 - 2020 da ddt myc Heu den ndm 2020 hinh thdnh 5.000 doanh nghiep khoa hpc vd cdng nghe; 60 ca sd uam tao edng nghe cao, UOTn tao doanh nghiep cdng nghe cao. De hipn thyc hda edc myc Heu phdt ttien nen kinh ti tri thuc ndi chung vd KHCN ndi rieng, ndm 2011, Cyc Phdt trien thi Hudng vd doanh nghipp KH&CN (NATEC) dupc tfidnh lap, Hd thdnh mpt "cfl hich" quan ttpng nhdm thfle diy sy hinh tiianh cac doanh nghiep KHCN, hd ttp vipc khai thdc cdc sdng che vd umg dyng cdng nghp tgo dipn mgo mdi cho hogt ddng cua tiii irudng KHCN d Vipt Nam. Trong lp hinh phdt Hien tiij trudng KHCN cfla Vipt Nam cflng da ddc bipt coi trpng vipc xay dyng hp thong cde to chuc djch vy hung gian (hr van mdi gidi, danh gid vd djnh gid cdng njhp,...) giflp kit nii vd thfle day mgnh hem ngudn cung - ciu cdng ngh^ tten thj Hudng.
3.2. Mgt so di xuat thuc day lien kit tru&ng ifi hgc - doanh nghifp - chinh phu
Cdc gidi phap di tiiue day va tang cudng Hnh hi$u qud moi lien kit Triple Helix tai Vipt Nam cdn tudn flifl vd ddm bdo mdt so yiu td cdn ban de cd thi fliyc hien flidnh cdng, dd Id tinh he thong, Hnh khoa hpc, tinh ki fliua va phdt ttien, Hnh hipu qua, tinh khd flii, tinh dinh hudng su dyng. Dya Hen nguyen tdc ndy,cd ttie gpi y mpt sd de xudt nham tiiuc day lien ket Triple Helix tai Viet Nam nhu sau:
^ ^- Ddy mgnh vai trd cfla Nhd nudc: tiiyc te ram hen kel gitta ttudng dgi hpc - doanh nghipp mdc du cd khdi sdc nhung tiiye sy ehua d. vao chieu sau, hinh tiiu'c hpp tdc ndy chua
D QUiXLtKINHrf
ttd neu jihd bien. Cd ni,Ieu nguyen nhaii do thieu kenh thdng tin, nhd khoa hpc va doanh nghiep chua thyc sy hieu nhau do bit ddng vi Ipi ich,... Nhung nguyen nhdn quan trpng bjic nhdt chinh la hien nay cdn thieu sy tae dpng, hd ttp tryc tiep tir phia Nha nudc di gfin kit hai ehfl the ndy. De sy gap nhau giiia hai ehfl the ndy fliyc sy hipu qud, "kich cau" thuong mgi hda cdc sdn pham sdng tgo tiem ndng thi, ttong nhiiu trudng hpp, Nha nudc phai tiii hipn vai ttd Id "bd dd" thdng qua cac co quan ehfl qudn tiimg gian. Vdi vi the, uy tin cfla minh, Nhd nudc cdn chd dpng tdc dpng, kit ndi thdng qua cac hinh thuc khac nhau nhu: ed chinh sdch khuyin khich, ehfl dpng Hr vin tgo sdn chai, tgo diln ddn chung, tgo ra dpng lyc mdi cho "ngudi choi" nhu gia tang Ipi ich, khai thdc thi manh cua nhau...
- Phdt ttiin edc td chiic dich vy chuyin giao edng nghe, doanh nghipp Hong ttudng dgi hpc; tiidnh lgp cdc ttung tdm R&D chung gitta doanh nghipp - Hudng dgi hpc. Bp phgn ndy sS Id cau noi gitta nhd khoa hpc vd doanh nghi$p, ding thdi qudng ba kit qud nghien eiiu, tim kiim flij Hudng, kSu gpi diu tu. Logi hinh doanh nghidp nay khuyen klifeh cdc nha khoa hpc, cde nhd nghidn Irong cdc trudng dgi hpc, vipn nghien ciru ciiu tiiam gia vdo cdc hogt dpng kinh doanh ttong Iinh vyc KHCN. De cdc doanh nghidp khdi nghi$p (spin-off) d Vi^t Nam boat dpng hipu qua, tiiuc day vipc ehuyin giao cdng nghp, thuong mgi hda sdn phin nghien cflu. Ben canh chinh sdch hd ttp cfla Nhd nudc cdn cin sy tham gia tich cyc cfla chinll cdc vien nghiSn cflu, cdc tiirdng dai hpc hung vipc chuyin giao kit qud nghien ciiu cho doanh nghiep.
- Tang cudng vai trd vd b^ch nhipm cfla doanh nghidp Hong hoat dpng nghien cflu tgi cdc tnrdng dgi hpc: Trong nhiiu Hudng hpp, doanh nghiep phdi ddng vai Hd la nhd dau hr, thic ddy va khuyin khich va ddm bdo cho hogt dpng nghien cflu, ndng cao khd ndng tiiuong mgi hda cua kit qud nghien cuu, tgo d^ng lyc cho nha khoa hpc. Cd thi ndi, vai ttd cua doanh nghipp d ddy mang tinh quyit djnh
ttB0IH2/2017)
MO HINH TRIPLE HELK.. nHNSWaiTM*:™" t n ^ trong vi(,. thuc u,.y khai .'.uc, dp dung sdi.^
che, giai phap cdng nghe vao trong faoat ddng sdn xuat kinfa doanh.
- Cdc trudng dai hgc can phat trien tfaeo dmfa faudng dai fagc n ^ e n cuu va ngfaien ciiu wng dgng, trong dd phai nhanfa nfaay nam bat nhu cau xa hdi, dinh hudng ng^en ciru gdn vdi tfauc ti&i cua doanfa ngjii^. Tfauc tl cfao tfaay cd kbdng it nfadm ngfairai ciiu trong cac trudng dai hgc tfaanfa cdng trong faoat ddng cfauylo giao cdng ngfae nfad ndng cao tinfa thdn doanfa ngfai^.
4. Ket Inan
Bai bao da tdng fagp nfaung vdn dl ly luan \'e md fainfa Triple Helix vl hen kit tnrdng dai fagc - dtranfa ngfaiep - cfainfa pfau, pfadn ticfa tfauc trang lien kel ndy d cac nudc phdt trien va nfaiing ddng gdp ciia lien kit nay ddi vdi qua trinh chuyen giao tri tfaiic, cdng nglie, vd su pfadt trien kinh tl qudc gia. Cac tdc gja ciing da sii dung each tiep can md hjnh Triple Helix de pfadn tich faoat dpng fagp lac giua trudng dai hgc vd doanh nghipp, vdi sg cfai dao va dieu tilt ho trg cua cac chinh sach nfaa nudc.
Cdc kit qua phdn tich cfao tfady, mac dii chua cd nfaieu ket qua ngfaien ciru va nhan thirc ve md fainfa Triple Helix cdn cfaua sdu sac, nfaimg lien ket trudng dai fagc - doanh ngfai^ - chinh phii da dugc trien khai va cd nfaiing kinfa n ^ p m quy bau tai Vipt Nam.
Mac du chua cd mdt n ^ e n ciiu cdng phu ve md hinfa Triple Helix d Viet Nam, nfaung tfagc tl, cac faoat dgng hen kit giua ba chu the chinfa phu (Nfaa nudc) - doanfa ngfaipp - trudng dai fagc, vien ngfaien oiu da cd nhirng khdi sdc va dat dugc nfatmg tfadnh cdng ban ddu, gdp phdn kfaang dinh vi die va tdm quan trgng ciia KHCN ddi vdi su phdt triin aia ddt nudc tren nfaieu buifa dien. Dieu quan trpng faan ca, sg tuong tdc giira ba cfaii the ndy d Vipt Nam da kfadng dinfa, KHCN la cfaia kfada de fagi nfal^. Tuy nhien, de Uen ket nay tfauc ar hipu qua can tfaiet pfadi cd mpt cfauong trinfa rd rang va su cfaii dgng dia cdc boi cung vdi dd
Id uang cao \ ci trd ciia nfaa nudt irong cac faoat ddng lao ca cfae, cfainfa sacfa, kfauyen khich va cd cdc boat ddng uu dai tfaiic ddy fagp tdc cdng -tu...
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