H6i PJ^ 'y ^^ Tai nguyen Moi Irirdng Thira Thien HuJ Hoi Pia ly Vipt Nam
Chinh sach d i t dai trong thu hut dSu tu* d6i vai cac td chirc kinh t l CO y l u to nu'O'c ngoai a nuo'c ta - mot so dan^ gia va giai phap
Trinh Thi Kicu T r a n g ' , Thai Thj Quynh Nhu'^
Abstract
Land policies in investment attraction for economic organizations having foreign clement in VietNam - some evaluation and solution
From the start of the national innovation, our government has decided la develop Ihe country by internal resources as well as ihe allraclion of external ones Our government has had open policies and. as a result, achieved a lot of ejfecliveness, particularly in land allocation policies and land lease ones specified in land law.
foreign investment law, investment law, real estate business law and house law. for individuals and organizalions ha\'ing foreign element investing in Viel Nam.
This article researches on ihe status of land policies for economic o. •janizalions having foreign element in our country and evaluates the effectiveness of those policies Jor the allraclion issue of investment and the economic development in Hanoi city. From that, the aulhoi s propose some solutions to the policy framework to improvi' the allraclion policies, increase ihe effecliveness of direct investmeni from abroad in general and improve the land policies Jor Ihe guarantee oJ equality of rights and obligations between the domestic economic organizations and abroad ones m particular, ll is the construction of law and regulations lo ensure the equalit\' ofnghls and obligations for the domestic instilutianal investors and foreign ones
I. MCJ BAV
Dit dai li ngudn von, ngudn ndi luc phuc vu phii trien kmh te - xa hgi dal nudc, Trong nhiing nam gin diy. nudc ta day manh cdng nghiep hda - hien dai hda bang ci ndi lyc ciJng nhu thu bill cac ngudn luc ben ngoii. De thu hut dau tu. Nhi nudc ta da co nhtrng chinh sich cdi md, thdng thoang va thuc su da dem lgi nhicu hieu qui, die biet la chinh sich giao dat, cho thue dal ddi vdi cac ci nhin, to chirc cd yeu td nudc ngoai diu tu tai Viet Nam. Den nay. Qudc hgi da ihdng qua 3 Lugt Dit dai (1987, 1993,2003), 2 Luit Diu tu nudc ngoai (1987. 1996), 3 lin Luit Sira ddi, bd sung mdt sd diiu ciia Lugt Dau tu nudc ngoai (1990. 1992, 2000) va ban hanh Lugt Diu lu vio nam 2005. Ngoii ra, Lugt Kinh doanh bit ddng sin nam 2006, Luit Nha d nam 2005 cung cd mpt sd quy dinh lien quan van dc nay.
Nguin von diu tu nudc ngoii tang khi mgnh qua cic nam, dang ddng gdp mdt phin rit ldn vio GDP nudc la, diy manh phit triin kinh te - xa hdi, ihay doi bg mat tir ndng thdn tdi thinh thj. So lieu thong ke cho thiy sir dung dat ciia cic id chirc, ca nhin cd yeu td nudc ngoii tgi Viet Nam den nam 2008 mdi chi chiim 0,31% ldng dien tich cac loai dal. Trong khi do vdn diu tu nudc ngoii nam 2008 dat 64 ty USD, gip 3 lan nam 2007, von Ihuc hien dat 11,7 ty USD Cic iTnh vyc diu tu chu yeu la cong nghiep - xay dung, djch vy, ndng lam thiiy sin. Cac ITnh vuc diu tu cdng nghipp nang, diu khi, khu dd thj mdi, van phdng, can hg chiim 89% tdng von diu tu, khoang 54 ly USD von dang ky 2008.
Cac khu ci^ng nghiep ca nudc thu hiit duoc tren 3.300 dy in vdn dau tu nudc ngoii vdi long vdn diu tutren 39,2 ty USD [5]. Tuy nhien, hicu qui thuc hien cac chinh sich dit dai doi vdi cac id chirc, ca nhan cd yeu to nudc ngoai chua dgt dugc kit qui cao, cdn nay sinh nhieu van de lien quan den quan Iy, sir dung dal, die biet tren dja bin thinh phd Hi Ndi. Gin day, vu vice 400 ha ciia khu cdng nghiep Sai Ddng A sau gin 10 nam dugc giao cho Cdng ty Dien tu HN, Cong ty lien doanh Deawoo-Hanel nhung chgm triin khai da dugc chuyin thinh khu do thj, cdng vien; hay van di sii dung dit trong khu ' Trifdng DIIKHTN. DHQG UN
Tong cue Quan ly ddi dai. Bo Tdi nguyen vd Moi truang
DIA LY KINH TIZ - XA llOh D|A LY CIIINII TRI - QUAN SU
Hgi Dja ly va Tai ngnyen Moi truong Thiia Thien Hue Hpi Dja iy Vicl N^m
cdng nghiep Sai Ddng B dang d i i n ra n h u t h i n i o de g i y 6 nhicm l o i n bd khu v y c sdng Cau Bay, Gia L i m , H i Ndi [ 1 ] , , , V i n d i danh gia hieu qua ciia chinh sach giao d i t , cho thue d i i ddi vdi c i c to chirc CO y i u Id n u d c ngoai la mgi v i n de can d u g c quan tam, lim h i i u v i l i m ro dc cd d u g c d i n h g i i chinh x i c , khach quan va djnh h u d n g chinh sach dimg d i n hon.
2. C H I N H S A C K D A T D A I D O I V O I T O C H U C K I N H T E C O V E U T O N U " 6 c N G O A I Ngay tir khi b i t d i u thdi ky ddi mdi, Nha n u d c la da chu Iruong p h i t trien bang c i nguon luc trong nudc cung n h u b i n g vdn ciia doanh nghiep mrdc ngoai. Q u i trinh .xay d u n g he Ihdng c i c Lualco lien quan ldi d i t dai, doanh nghiep, dau tu va c i c su kicn quan trgng ve hgi n h i p qudc le cua Viet Nam d u a c t h i n g ke iheo Ihdi gian lgi b i n g dudi d i y [2]:
Bang I. Cdc su kicn lien quan tdi ddu lie nudc ngodi vd hoi nhdp quoc le ciia Viet Nam
I Thoi gian Su' kipn
Dai hoi VI ciia Dang danh gia lai cac yeu kem va quyet dmh chii iruong doi mdi.
Quic hoi Ihong qua Luat Dal dai diu lien va Lual Dau Ur nudc ngoai tai Viel Nam dau lien.
Qiiic hpi thong qua Luat Sua doi, bo sung mgt so dicu ciia Luat Dau tu nuoc ngoai t^i Viet Nai Quic hpi thong qua I ual C6ng ty (doi vdi cong ty c
Doanh nghiep tu nhan
' phan va cong ty irach nhiem hQu haul VM Luat Quflc hpi thong qua Luat Sira doi, bo sung moi so dieu ciia Luat Dau tu nudc ngoai lai Vicl Nam, Quflc hoi ihong qua Luai Dat dai thir hai.
Quoc hpi thong qua Luit Pha san doanh nghiep
Quoc hfll thflng qua Luat Khuyen khich dau tu tiong nuoc; Luat Sua doi molsodiiiu cua Luat Cflng ly vaLuat Sua dfli mot so dieu cua Luat Doanh nghiep tu nhan.
Ban Chap hanh Trung uang Dang khoa VII thong qua Nghj quyel vc phal trien cong nghiep, C(jiig ngh?
theo hirong cong nghiep hoa,hien dai hoa dat nudc Quoc hoi thong qua Luat Doanh nghiep Nha nudc ihii nhal.
Viet Nam tra thanh thanh vicn ciia Hicp hgi cac Quoc gia Dong Nam A (ASEAN)
Viel Nam tham gia Dien dan Lien luc dja A - Au (ASEM) vdi tu cich la mgi thanh vien sang lap.
Quoc hpi thong qua Luat Dau tu nudc ngoai lai Viet Nam thir hai.
Quoc hpi thong qua Lugt Khuyen khich dau lu trong nudc (sira doi).
Viet Nam tham gia Hop tac Kinh te Chiu A - Thai Binh Ducmg (APEC).
Quoc hgi thong qua Lual Sua doi, bo sung mot so dieu ciia Lual Dit dai.
Quoc hoi thong qua Luat Doanh nghiep (cho cac doanh nghiep ngoii Nha nudc).
Quoc hgi thong qua Lual Siia doi, bo sung moi so diiu ciia Luil Dau tu nudc ngoii lgi Viet Nam Hiep djnh ihuong mai Viet - My duoc chinh thiic ky kil.
Quoc hgi thong q^ia Luat Sua doi, bo sung mpl sfl diiu cua Luil P i t dai.
Ban Chap hanh Trung uong Dang khoa IX da thong qua Nghi quyit v i liip tiic dfli mdi chinh sacli, phip lual dat dai trong Ihdi ky day manh cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hda dit nudc. _ _ -
11/20
I n/20
Quoc hoi thong qua Luat Dat dai thir ba va Lual Doanh nghiep nhi nudc Ihii hai.
Quoc hoi thong qua Luat Fhi sin (thflng nhat cho cac logi hinh l i chuc kinh li) Quoc hpi tliong qua Lual Doanh nghiep (thing nhii) va Lual Diu tu (thflng nhit).
Nghi duih lhu gia nhap TJ chiic Thuang n
Hdi nghi Khoa hoc Dm ly Todn qudc ldn ihir 6. Thdnh phd Hm- 92012
igiOja ly va Tai ngnyen MSi truong Thira Thicn Hui HoiDjaly VietNam Nam 1987, Qudc hdi ddng thdi thdng qua Lugl Dat dai va Luat Diu tu nudc ngoii nhung Lual pat dai gin nhu khdng cd lien quan gi tdi Luat Diu tu nudc ngoai, khdng cd quy djnh cy thi gi ve chinh sach dat dai cho cac du in FDL
Nim 1993, Qudc hgi thdng qua Lugt Dat dai lin thu hai, trong do cd mgt chucmg diiu chinh vi vi^ sur dung dal cho cic ddi tic nudc ngoai, trong do cd cic du an diu tu nudc ngoii. Vi nguyen tic
^chung, cac dy an FDI chi dugc thue dit ciia Nha nudc di thuc hien diu lu tren dal. Mgt nam sau, Uy ban Thudng vu Qudc hdi thdng qua Phap lenh vi quyen vi nghia vy cua to chuc, ci nhan nudc ngoai
^ue dat d Vipt Nam, trong dd quy djnh cic nhi dau tu nudc ngoii dugc quyin giao djch ve tii sin da dau tu tren dal va khong dugc quyen giao djch ddi vdi quyin su dung dit Cic quy djnh vi chi dp sir {i(ing dit doi vdi nha diutu nudc ngoai van giiJ nguyen nhu vgy trong suit 10 nim 1993-2003.
Nam 2003, Qu6c hgi da thong qua Luat Dit dai lin thu 3 tren tinh thin tao hieu qui cao cho qui ,trinh diy mgnh cdng nghiep hda, hien dgi hda dit nudc. Luat Dat dai 2003 da xda di Chuong rieng vi
•,che dp sir dyng dat ciia Id chirc, ca nhin nude ngoai nhim diy len mgt budc cao hon vi sy binh ding trong liep can dal dai giu'a cic nhi diu lu trong nudc va nudc ngoai. Mac du viy, van cd su khic nhau giiia quyin vi nghia vy cua nha dau tu trong nudc va nha diu tu nudc ngoai. Qua trinh tiip can dit dai th6ng qua co che Nha nudc thu hoi dit dugc Chi'nh phii quy dinh cu the trong cic Nghj dinh sd 197/20<J4/NO-CP, Nghj djnh so 84/2007/ND-CP vi Nghj djnh sd 69/2009/ND-CP. Vi viec tao thuin lgi
^cho nha diu tu nudc ngoai tham gia cic du in dau tu xay dung kinh doanh nhi d dugc Chinh phu quv djnh chi tiit tai Nghj djnh s6 84/2007/ND-CP.
Nhin chung, van cdn cd sy khic biet nhit djnh theo quy djnh ciia phip luat dit dai giira nhi diu hir trong nudc vi nha dau tu nudc ngoai, co nhu'ng quy dinh co lgi cho nha diu tu trong nudc vi cQng CO nhiing quy djnh cd Igi cho nha dau tu nudc ngoii. NhCrng khac biet nay dugc thing ke trong Bang (2 dirdi diy.
1 . ,
' Bdng 2. Nhimg diem giong vd khde biel Irong quy dmh ciia phdp lugt ddt dai giira nhd ddu tu trong
\ nudc vd nhd ddu tu mrdc ngodi
|rr
Hang muc Nha dau tu- trong nirdc Nha dau tu nirdc ngoai Phuong thiictiep cgn dit dai
1. Dugc nhgn dal lir thda thuan vdi nhii'ng ngudi dang su dung dat thdng qua chuyin nhugng, thue hogc nhgn gdp von
2. Dugc nhgn dat tir co che Nha nudc thu hdi dat ddi vdi cac du an xay dung hg ting chung va du in cd vdn diu tu thudc nhdm A
Dugc nhgn dat lir co che Nhi nudc thu hdi dat ddi vdi mgi du in FDI
Quyen tiep can d,''. dai
1. Dugc Nha nudc giao dat cd thdi hgn ddi vdi cac du in dau tu khdng phii nhad
2. Dugc Nha nudc giao dat khdng thai ban ddi vdi cac du an xay dung kinh doanh nhi d
1. Dugc Nha nudc cho thue dat tra tien mgt lan cd thdi han ddi vdi cic du an dau tu khdng phii nhi d
2. Dugc Nhi nudc cho thue dit cd thai hgn ddi vdi cic dy an xiy dung kinh doanh nha d
3. Dugc Nha nudc cho thue dat tra tien lhu€ dat hang nim
3. Dugc Nha nudc cho thue dat tra tien thue dat hing nam
DIA Vi KINH Tt • XA HOL DIA LY CHINH TR[ - QUAN Si/
Hoi Dja ly va Tai nguyen Moi Iruong Thiia Thicn Hue Hpi Dja ly Vjyi Na^
4. Dirge nhan chuyen nhugng du an diu lu ciia cac to chuc kinh te 5. Dugc nhan chuyen nhugng dit, thue dal, nhin gdp von bang dat dai tir hp gia dinh, ci nhin
4. Dugc nhgn chuyen nhugng du a n ^ tu cua cic td churc kinh tc 5. IChdng dugc nhan chuyen nhti,,ii^
thue dal, nhin gdp vdn bang dii dui tirh, gia dinh, ca nhan
Quyen giao dich dcii vdi dal dai
1 K.hi dugc Nha nudc giao dal cd tra ticn sir dung dit hoic nhin chuyen nhuong dal lii cic to chuc kinh te, hp gia dinh, ca nhin thi nhi diu tu dugc thyc hicn chuyen nhugng, cho thue, the chap, gdp vdn ddi vdi dit do 2 Khi duoc Nhi nudc cho thue dat tri ticn thue dat hang nam thi nha diu tu dugc thyc hien chuyen nhugng. cho thue, the chap, gdp vdn ddi vdi lii sin da diu tu iren dit vi duoc cho thue Igi dii trong khu cdng nghiep
1. Khi dugc Nhi nudc cho Ihuc diTS tien mdt lin hoac nhan chuyen nhtrgni dat tir cac to chuc kinh te thi nha dau lu duoc thyc hicn chuyen nhugnii, cho thue, the chip, gop von ddi vdi dii do 2, Khi dugc Nhi nudc cho thuc dSt^
iicn thue dit hing nam thi nha diu tii dugc thuc hicn chuyen nhuong, che thue, the chip, gdp vdn dii vdi tai sat!
da dau lu tren dit vi dugc cho ihuc liii dit trong khu cdng nghiep Theo sd licu kiem ke dat dai nam 2005, ci nudc cd 35,068 ha dal do cic nhi diu lu mrdc iigoai sir dung, trong du doanh nghiep lien doanh sir dung 14.060 ha (chicm 40,70%), doanh nghiCp 00%
vdn nudc ngoai sir dyng 21.008 ha (chicm 59,30%). Dit do cac nha diu tu nudc ngoii sii dung t^p irung chil yeu d viing Dong Nam Bp. vimg Ddng Bac va vimg Ddng bang Bic Bd. Trong tdng Si> dien lich dal do nha diu tu nudc ngoii sir dung co 20.920 ha dal ndng nghiep. 13.961 ha dit phi nong nghiep va 186 ha dal da duoc Nha nudc cho thuc nhung chua dua vio sir dung [!],
Den nam 2010. cic nhi diu tu nudc ngoii sii' dung 55,715 ha dat, trong dd 19 191 ha do hen doanh sir dung, 36.524 ha do doanh nghiep 100% von nudc ngoai sir dung, bao gom 30.669 lia dat nong nghiep \a 25 046 ha dit phi ndng nghiep, tuy nhien con tren 250 ha dit da dugc Nha nudc cho thue nhung chua dua vao su dung [1], Cic sd lieu iren cho thiy cic du in FDI da su dung mdi quy dat kha lon, trong do cd mdt phin dang ke chua dua vio sii dyng.
3. HIEU QUA CUA CHINH SACH DAT DAI DOI VOI VAN Dt THU HUT DAU TU"
3.1. Tac dgng ciia chinh sach dat dai ddi vdi luong dau tu FDI vao Vict Nam
Theo sd lieu thdng ke, vdn FDI ding ky va thuc hien qua cic nam dugc thi hien trong bang sau:
Bdng 3: Sd vdn FDI ddng ky vd thuc hien lir 1988 ldi 201} (Dan vi: trieu USD)
Nam 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993
S o d ^ a n 37 67 107 152 196 274
Von FDI dSng ky
341,7 525.5 735,0 1291,5 2208,5 3037,4
Von FDI thuc hicn
328,8 574.9 1017,5
NSm 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
So d ^ a n 391 555 808 791 811 970
Von FDI dSng ky
2838,9 3142,8 2998,8 3191,2 4547,6 6839,8
V6n FUl thyc hicn
2413,5 2450,5 2 5 9 1 ^ 2650,0 2852,5 3308,8
HOI nghi Khoa hoc Dialy Todn quoc ldn thu 6. Thdnh phu Hue..9/20h
Hgi Bja ly va T i i nguyen Moi truong Thiia Thicn HuJ HOI Dja ly Vict Nam
"m^
iKf
1996 1 9 9 7 1998 1999
372 415 372 349 285 327
4188,4 6937,2 10164,1 5590,7 5099,9 2565.4
2040,6 2556,0 2714,0 3115.0 2367,4 2334,9
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
987 1544 1557 839
• 969 1091
1200T,0"
21347,8 71726.0 21482.1 18595,5 14695,9
4T0O.I 1 8030,0 11500,0 10000,0 11000,0 11000,0 1
/ f i
(Nguon long cue thdng ke) Tir so lieu ciia bang tren, cd the l i p dd thj vdn HDI Ihyc hien qua c i e nam:
\ ' 6 n FDI Ihyc hien tang k h i manh trong giai doan 1993 - 1994 la do Lual D i i dai nam 1993 v i P h i p lenh \ c quyen v i nghia vu cua cac td chiic, c i nhan nudc n g o i i thue dat d Viet Nam da CO nhiinc quy dinh cu the mang linh on djnh cho moi t r u d n g d i u t u FDI.
Luong /on FDI Ihyc hien bj g i i m dang ke vao n i m 1998 l i do khung h o i n g t i i chinh khu vuc, sau do ludng vdn FDI cd tang chain.
Tir 2004, vdn thuc hicn hDl thuc hifn b i t dau l i n g trd lai vdi loc do cao hon do su cdi m d hon ciia Lual Dal dai 2003, md rpng k h i nhieu quyen cho c i c
nha dau t u nudc ngoai. T r o n g n i m 2007 va 2008. von FDI thyc hien t i n g d miic rii dang ke do Chinh phii da tao dugc c o che binh d a n g thyc sy giira n h i d i u lu irong nudc v i nha d i u tu nudc ngoai trong thyc hien c i c dy i n p h i t trien b i t ddng san nha d.
Trong 3 nam g i n day, vdn FDI thuc hicn cd giam di chut it do nhirng kho khan kinh te trong nirdc khi phai t i p trung vao kiem c h i lam p h i i .
n FDI Ihi/c hien (trit-u LSD)
l l l l i 1 1 11 1
I I I I I
HJiilllllillilli
ITmh J: Von FDI thuc hien qua cdc ndtn
3.2. T a c d d n g c u a c h i n h s a c h d a t d a i d e n d a u t u n i r d c n g o a i v a o H a Ngi
Qua hon 20 nam ddi m d i , d i u t u true ticp nudc n g o i i ( D T T T N N ) d H i Ngi da dgt dugc nhicu thanh tuu ldn, dang khi'ch le, gdp phan tao su chuyen bien can b i n trong ddi sdng kinh te-xa hgi v i thiic day q u i trinh hdi nhap qudc le n g i y c i n g sau rpng ciia l l a Ngi, D T T T N N cung dong gop ldn vao Ngan sich n h i n u d c va tgo d u g c nhieu cdng an viec lim cho ngudi dan Thii dd. Tuy nhien, ciing vdi nhirng thanh luu d i n g ghi nhan, cung co nhieu van de nay sinh trong q u i trinh lhu hiit v i sir dung vdn DTTTNN, trong do noi com la nguy c o p h i t tncn m i t c i n ddi ve c o cau kinh te n g i n h ; c o sd hg t i n g qua lai; d nhie .1 moi t r u d n g ; canh tranh, kinh doanh khdng tinh mgnh; xung dot giua chii sir dung lao dpng v i ngudi lao dgng.
3.2.1. T o n g vdn D T T T N N d a n g k y , t h u c hicn va s6 dur a n D T T T N N
Trong giai dogn 1989 - 2 0 0 9 , Ha Ngi da thu hut dugc khoang 1809 d y i n DTTTNN vdi long von dang ky dat g i n 20 ty U S D va sd von thuc hien udc dgt hon 7 ty U S D , bang khoang 3 7 , 5 % tdng von dau tu dang ky. Q u i trinh thu hiit DTNN d H i Ndi lir 1989 d i n nay cd the chia lam 4 giai doan rd
BIA LY KINH T^ - XA HOL 0\A LY CIUNII i R! - QUAN SU'
Hpi Dja ly va Tai nguyen Moi truong Thua Thicn Hue Hpi Pia ly Vici NJ^
Giai dogn htirnam 1989-1992 Day li giai dogn cic nha dau tu nudc ngoii vi trong nudc buoc diu nghien cuu, lim hiiu lin nhau di tiin hanh hop lie. Ca giai dogn 1 Ha Ngi chi thu hut dugc 5\ d^j an mdi vdi 770 trieu USD von dau tu dang ky. Tong vdn diu lu thyc hipn dat 12% long von diu tu dang ky trong giai dogn niy; trung binh dgt 24 trieu USD/nim.
Giai dogn 2: tir 1993-1996, Giai dogn niy dugc danh dau bang ldc do va quy md vdn DTI llsj^j lang vgt. Vdn dang ky dgt ky luc vio nam 1996 vdi ldng vdn dau tu dang ky li 2.641 trieu USDva gip 2,5 lin nam 1995. Von dau tu thyc hien lang nhanh va diu dan, tuong tu nhu vdn dau ludiigk^_
nhung vdi klioing trc thdi gian la 1 nim Ba yiu td chinh giai thich cho sy biing nd cua DTI ["N^
trong giai dogn niy li: Hoa Ky dd bd lenh cim van kinh li ddi vdi Viet Nam vao ctidi nam 1994, s\f kien Viet Nam trd Ihinh Ihanh vien ciia ASEAN vao thing 7/1995 vi viec siia doi, bd sung Lujt DTNN ciia VietNam vio nam 1996.
Giai doan 3: tir nam 1997-2004. Day la thdi ky khiing khoang vi sau khiing khoing lii chinh chau A. Sd vdn DTTTNN dang ky vio Ha Ngi giim manh vdi tdc do giim irung binh len den 62%
trong nhirng nam 1997-2000 vi dao dpng quanh diim diy 100-300 tricu USD vdn dang ky tii nam 2001-2004 Su suy giim ciia von dang ky khong chi do tic dgng ciia cuge khiing hoang tii chinh khu vyc, mi mdt phin cdn do chinh sich DTTW mac dii dugc sira doi nam 1996 nhung van khdng di sic hap din cic nhi DTNN trong boi canh suy giim chung ciia khu vyc. S6 vdn Ihyc hiSn dgt giai do^n niy dgt dinh cao vao nam 1997 vdi mirc 712 tricu USD, sau dd giim dot ngot khi khiing kho.mg tai chinh khu vuc xiy ra va cd tang nhe vao cuoi giai doan. Sy kien Viet Nam ky ket Hiep djnh ihuong mai Viel Nam - Hoa Ky vio cuii nam 2001 co tic dgng Idn den su ting tru'dng cua ci vdn dang l^y va thuc hien vao cudi giai doan niy,
Giai dogn 4: bit diu lir nam 2005 den 2009, la giai doan dien bien kha phuc tgp ciia nen kiiihte the gidl. Giai doan niy bit dau bang vice bdi canh khu vyc ciing nhu qudc le cd nhicu thay doi iliuan lgi ciing mdi trucrng dau lu trong nudc liep tuc dugc cai thieti, chii yeu do thii tuc dau lu da lia nen thdng thoing ban sau khi ban hinh Luit Diu tu vi Lual Doanh nghiep chung cho DTNN thong nhat nhu diutu trong nudc.
Den nam 2008 Hi Ndi dgt mirc ky luc mdi vdi long von dang k> len den 5091 tricu USD \.; von thyc hien dgt dinh cao la 1456 trieu USD. Nam 2009, do tic ddng ciia killing hoing loan cau, cung giong nhu d nhieu dia phuang khic, sd du in, vdn dang ky, vdn thuc hi^n chay vao Ha Npi giim manh [6],
Tir nim 2010 trd Igi day, sd lugng du an va ldng von dang ky mdi vi tang them lien tuc Ling dii trong boi canh kinh le the gidi cd nhieu khd khan cho thay sy hap din trong thu hiit diu lu \ a cac chinh sich hieu qui ciia thanh phd Hi Ngi.
3.2.2. Dong gop vao tong von dau tu xa hgi
Trong giai doan 1989-1998, vdn DTTTNN thyc hien bit diu tang trudng vi chiem 1\ Irpng ngiy cang cao trong ting dau tu xa hpi Hi Ngi. Trong nhii'ng nam 1996-1998, vdn DTTTNN thitc hien Ird thanh mgt kenh thu hiit vdn diu lu quan trpng nhit, chiem ty trgng ip dio tren 50% trong long vdn diu tu xa hgi cua Ha Ndi.
Udc tinh nam 2010, cic doanh nghiep DTTTNN ddng gdp dn djnh khoang 15% trong long von dau lu xa hdi. Mgt trong nhii'ng nguyen nhan dem den su dn djnh tren la do Luat Doanh ngbicp da di vio cupc song vi Hi Ngi rat coi trpng cdng tic xay dyng co chi, chinh sich di tao hinh lanh phap ]y thugn lgi cho hogt dgng DTTTNN. Mac dii xet vi long thi, su thay ddi ty trgng ddng gdp ciia von DTTTNN kha mgnh qua cac thdi ky nhung vin cd thi khing djnh von DTTTNN la mgt kenh thu hut vdn quan trgng ciia Hi Ndi [6].
Hni nghi Khoa hoc Dta If Todn quoc ldn thir 6. Thdnh phd Hue. -012
H§i Pja ly va Tii nguyen Moi truong Thiia Thicn Hue Hpi Dja ly Viyt Nam 3.2.3. D6ng gdp vao tang trudng GDP va Ngao sach Nha nuoc
Hoat dgng DTTTNN da ddng gdp quan trgng vao sy lang trudng GDP ciia Hi Ngi. Nam 2000, cac doanh nghiep DTTTNN ddng gdp 13,9% GDP thi den nam 2005 va 2006, cd sd nay da tang len tirong ungli 15% vi 15,6%. Nam 2009- 2010, trung binh mdi nam, cic doanh nghiep DTTTNN ddng gop khoing 16% GDP thanh phd [6].
4. DINH H U 6 N G G U I PHAP DOI MOI NANG CAO HIEU QUA CHINH SACH DAT DAI THU HUT NHA DAU T U N U 6 C NGOAI
4.1. Mot sd han che trong vice thuc hicn phip tuat ticn doi vdi cac to chuc kinh te cd yeu to Dirdc ngoai dau tu* tai Vict Nam
1. Ve dau lu: Mgt sd ITnh vuc uu dai diu tu nhu: nudi trdng, che bien nong, Iam, thiiy sin; lim muii; sin xuit gidng nhan tao, gidng ciy irong vi gidng vat nudi mdi; Dja bin uu dai diu lu; dja bin CO dieu kien kinh te - xa hpi kho khan, dja bin cd dieu kien kinh te - xa hpi die biet kho khan, chua lhu hill dugc dau tu nudc ngoai.
1. v i gia dit va quin ly Nha nudc ve gia dat: Nghi djnh sd 69/2009/ND-CP mdi duac ban hanh ciing chua c6 quy djnh ve co che dinh gia dii theo gia Ihl trudng; chua td chirc dugc he thdng theo doi gii dit tren thj trudng de lim co sd djnh gii dit phii hgp vol gii dit iren ihj trudng trong dieu kien binh Ihudng.
3. Tai chinh dit dai: chua khai thac du liem nang ngudn thu ngan sach tir dat. Hieu qui cho thue dal cdn thip, trong khi doi vdi cic doanh nghiep cd yeu to nudc ngoii phip lugl dit dai hien hinh ip dung hinh thiic cho thue la chu yeu.
4. Mdt sd bit cap trong cic quy djnh phip luit hicn hinh ve giao dit, cho ihue dit ddi vdi cic to chic kinh le cd yeu Id nudc ngoai dau tu lai Vict Nam.
- Quy dinh ciia Luat Dat dai, Luat Nhi d vi Lugl Kinh doanh Bat dgng san ve ngudi su dung dat, sd hCru nhi d vi kinh doanh bat dgng sin, khdng thdng nhit vdi quy djnh ciia Lugl Dau tu ve cic tieu chi lien quan den doanh nghiep co vdn diu lu nudc ngoai,
- Bat cap trong cac quy djnh cua Luat Dit dai nam 2003 ve giao dal, cho thue dat ddi vdi cic td chiic kinh le co yiu td nudc ngoii dau tu tai Vicl Nam: co su khic bict ve giao dit, cho thue dit giira cac td chuc trong nudc va cic id chirc cd yeu id nudc ngoii: Cd sy khic biet ve quyen va nghTa vu ciia to chuc, ca nhan dugc Nha nudc giao dal, cho thue dal giira cac id chiic kinh te trong nudc, ngudi Viet Nam dinh cu d nudc ngoii va cic td chuc, ca nhan nudc ngoii dau tu d Viet Nam ve: quyen dugc giao dit va cho thue dat; quyen dugc lya chgn hinh thuc giao dit va cho thue dat, quyen sir dung dat dugc giao cd lhu tiin, quyin thue dal tra tiin hang nam va I lan, quyin chuyen nhugng quyen sir dyng dit, chuyen muc dich su dyng dat.
4.2. Dinh hu'd'ng doi mdi chinh sach dat dai nang cao hicu qua thu hiit dau tu nu^c ngoai vao Vict Nam
Theo quy tic ciia Td chirc Thuong mgi The gidi, phii xiy dung mdt he thdng phap luat dat dai tren nguyen tic bio dim sy cdng bang ve quyen vi nghTa vy giiia cic nha dau tu trong nudc vi nudc figoii, Tir nhii'ng khic biet trinh bay tai Bing 2 d tren, cd the dua ra nhiJng doi mdi tiep theo ve chinh
DIA LY KINH Tfi - XA HOL DIA LY CHJNH TRI - QUAN SU ~ 90?
Hgi Dia ly va Tai nguyen Moi truong Thii'a Thien Hue H$i Dja ly Vict Ngn,
sich dal dai sao cho dat dugc tinh cdng bing giua cic nha dau tu. Ddng thdi, nhung doi mdi nay cung dugc xem xet cung vdi nhung ddi mdi can thiet ve each thuc tiep can dat dai cho cac du an diu tu vl muc lieu lgi nhuan.
Cic ddi mdi ve phip luat dat dai ddi vdi cic du in diu tu bao gdm cic ngi dung sau:
1. Xic djnh rd cic ddi tugng cd yeu td nudc ngoai diu tu tgi Viet Nam, dugc Nha nudc giao dit cho thue dit vdi cic lieu chi cy the, thdng nhit giira Luat Dit dai, Luat Dau tu va cic luit lien quan khic.
2. Thuc hien giao dit, cho thue dat theo quy hoach, ke hogch sir dung dat, phii hgp vdi quy hoach phat trien kinh te xa hdi, quy hoach cac nginh, theo ca che ddng bg vdi cic quy djnh phap lual vi phgm vi diu tu (ITnh vuc uu dai diu tu, ITnh vuc dau tu cd dien ki^n, ITnh vuc cim dau tu).
3. Cac du an dau lu vi muc dich lgi nhuan cua nha dau tu chi dugc tiep can dit dai thdng qua co che thoa thugn vdi ngudi dang sir dung dat de nhan chuyen nhugng, thue hoac nhgn gdp vdn bang dat dai; trudng hgp da dat dugc su ddng thugn cua il nhat 80%i sd lugng ngudi dang sir dung dat ma g^p trd nggi ttr su bat hgp tic ciia nhtrng ngudi dang sir dung dat con lai thi Nha nudc cho phep ap dungco che chuyen nhugng bat bupc theo mirc gii do co quan nha nudc cd tham quyen quyel djnh.
4. Nhi dau tu Irong nudc va nudc ngoai deu dugc lya chpn hinh thuc Nha nudc cho thue dit Ira lien mpt lan hoac cho thue dat tri lien hang nam de thuc hien cac dy an dau tu cd thdi hgn; lien ihue dit d dugc tinh bang lien sii' dung dit d doi vdi cic du an xay dyng kinh doanh nha d.
5. Nha dau lu trong nudc va nudc ngoii deu dugc quyen nhgn chuyen nhugng dit dai tu li chiic kinh le, hg gia dinh, ci nhin trong pham vi du an dau tu da dugc chip thugn dja diim.
6. Nhi dau tu dugc thuc hien cic quyen giao dich doi vdi dit thue cua Nha nudc tra tiin thue dit mgt lin, ddi vdi dat da nhin chuyen nhugng, thue, nhin gdp vdn; quyen giao djch dugc thyc hi?n Iheo thdi ban su dung dat.
Ben cgnh dd, phip luat dat dai can da dang hda cic hinh thuc tiep can dit dai thdng qua To chirc phal trien quy dit de lim giam nhe ap luc ve sy phuc tap cua dit dai len cac nha diu tu.
KET LUAN
He thdng chinh sach va phap luat dat dai ciia nude la da tao hanh lang phip ly cho vice limg budc md rdng thj trudng cho ngudi Viet Nam djnh cu d nudc ngoii va td chirc, ngudi nudc ngoai dau tutgi VietNam.
Ket qua dau tu nudc ngoii khong ngirng tang mac dii kinh t i thi gidi khd khan qua 2 lin khung hoing vio cac nam 1997, 2007. Viec diy manh luong vdn diu tu FDI se mang lai hieu qua cao cho nen kinh te Viet Nam. Lgi ich niy khdng chi li tang von diu tu ma cdn tang them ham lugng cong nghe ciia hang hda, tin dung dugc kinh nghiem quin ly, giai quyil tot vin de lao dgng va thu nhap cua ngudi lao dgng.
Khi nang tang vdn FDI cd mdi lien quan chat che vdi do cdi md ctia cac chinh sach dit dai.
Viec tgo binh ding ve quyin tiep can dat dai giua cic nha diu tu trong nudc va nudc ngoai se la nipt budc quan trgng di tang von FDI trong thdi gian tdi.
Hgi nghi Khoa hqc Dja ly Todn qudc ldn thu 6; Thdnh phd Hui. 9/2012
B6i Pja 'y vi Tii nguyen MSi trirong Thira Thien Hui Hpi Dja iy Viyt Nam TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Bd Tii nguyen vi mdi trudng - Tdng cue quan ly dat dai. Ket qui kiem ke quy dit nam 2008 cua cac td chirc dang quin ly, su dung dugc Nha nudc giao dat, cho thue dat theo Chi thj sd 31/2007,/CT - TTg ngay 14 thing 12 nam 2007 ciia Thii tudng Chinh phii. NXB Thdi dai. 2009.
2. Dgng Himg Vo. Chinh sich dit dai vi dau tu true liep lir nudc ngoai, HaNgi. 2011.
3. Luat Dat dai nam 2003 vi Luat Sira ddi bd sung Lual Dat dai nam 2009, NXB Lao dgng 2009.
4. Lugt Diu tu nam 2005. NXB Lao dgng 2006.
5. Nguyen Dinh Bong. Van de giao dat, cho thue dit ddi vdi td chuc kinh te cd yeu td nudc ngoai, Hdi thao Khoa hgc ve Tu van sira doi Luit Dit dai - Hdi Khoa hgc Dat Viet Nam nam 2011 Ha Nfli.2011,
6. UBND thanh phd Ha Ngi. 2008. Bao cio long kit 20 nam (1987-2007) hoat dgng diu tu true tiep nudc ngoai tren dia ban Ha Ndi. Ha Ngi. 2008.
BlA Lt KINH Tfi - XA HOL DIA LY CHINH TRI - QUAN SU
