1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
KHOA HQC CbNG NGHfi
IXIGHIEIXI CLIU M O T S O TllXIH C H A T V A T L Y C U A CAC L O A I D A T TROIVG CHE T I I V H T H A I I \ I G L I Y E I \ I
Phan Thi Thanh Huyln^ D6 Nguyln HdiS Nguyln Nggc Ndng*
T6MTAT
Dung trong cua cac loai dat trdng che tinh Thai Nguydn dao dong trong khoang 1,12-1,22 g/cm' thuoe phdn cap dat bj nen it Ty trong dat dat tir 2,47 den 2,64 g/cm' va thupc loai dat c6 chat lugng mun trung binh. Dat eo d6 xdp d miie binh thuong ddi vdi ting canh tae, dao dong trong khoang tir 51,78 den 56,76%.
Dit ed thanh phan eo gioi nang, ty 1$ cap hat set biln dpng tu 40,12 den 64,82% d tang mat va tang dan theo chieu sau eua phiu dito. Loai dat do vang phat tiiln tr^n da set (Fs) eo kit eau tot, h6 sd eau tnic tii6n 7(»6 va h€ sd phan tan duoi 30%. Kha nang giir nude eua loai dat nay kha eao duge dae trung bdi gia tri eao cua do am edy heo (binh quan dat 24.18%) va siic chiia am dong mong kha Ion (binh quan dat 39.1650- Mdi tuong quan giua do am dat trong miia kho va nang suat che blip tuoi dThai Nguyen dugc the hien qua phuong trinh y = 0.9892 x + 18.908 vdi ho sd tuong quan rat chat (r = 0,82).
Tiikh6a; Vat ly dat, cay che, cac loai dat trong che.
LDATVANOE
Che la edy trdng ed diOn tich Idn nhlt trong cdc loai edy lau ndm, tinh din ndm 2010 cay che dat 17.309 ha (chiem 39,42% tdng dien tich cay lau nam), la mat hang xuat khau quan trpng ciia tinh Thai Nguyen, hang ndm ddng gdp vao gid tri xult khau cua tinh hon 72%. ViOe phdt triln edy che d Thai Nguyen nhung ndm qua khdng theo quy hoach, khdng dua vdo ede dilu kiOn tu nhidn, kinh t l xa hdi, tinh chit dit dai,... da ddn den nhieu diOn tich che cho hiOu qua kinh t l thap, dat dai bi thoai hda, can kiOt ngudn dinh dudng [2]. Thdi Nguydn la vimg dit cd truyin thdng. giau kinh nghilm ve trdng va chi biln che. Dilu kiln khi hau. thd nhudng da tao ra su ddc biOt eiia ehi Thai khdng the lln vdi cdc loai che khdc vdi hirang vi ndi tieng nhu che Tan Cirang, che La Bdng vd che Minh Lap. De gdp phin bao tdn, cai thiOn va phdt trien viing che truyin tiidng ndi tilng ciia ViOt Nam, viOc di sau nghidn eiiu mdt sd tinh chit vat ly ciia cdc loai dit trdng che nhlm quan ly va khai thde hiOu qua quy dit nay phue vu phdt trien cly ehe bin viing la rIt can thiet ddi vdi Thai Nguyen.
B. PHUONG PHAP niGHEN Ciiu
1. Phuong phdp lly mlu dit ngodi thuc dja + Lly 54 mau dit tir 18 phdu dien cua 05 loai dit, (gdm cac loai dit: dit nau vang tren phii sa ed (Fp), dat nau dd tren dd macma baza vd trung tinh (Fk), ' Trudng D^i hpc Nong nghi?p Ha Npi
^ Trudng D?! hpc Ndng Lam Thai Nguyen.
dit dd vdng tren dd sit (Fs), dit dd ving tren da macma axit (Fa) vd dit vang nhat tren dd cat (Fq) dang trdng che kinh doanh tren dia ban tiidnh pho Thai Nguyen (gdm cdc xd: Tdn Cuong, Phiie Triu va Phuc Xuan. gpi chung la viing Tan Cuong), huyIn Dai Tir (gdm cdc xa: Tan Thai. Phii Xuyin va Yen Lang, gpi chung la viing Dai Tir) va huyOn Phii Luong (gdm cac xa: Tiie Tranh, Vd Tranh va Phan Mi, gpi chung la viing Phii Luang) eua tinh Thai Nguyln.
+ Cdc mau dit dugc lly theo tang phdt sinh theo quy trinh dilu tra, lly mau dit eua Bd Ndng nghiep va Phdt trien ndng thdn.
2. Phuong phdp phdn tich
Mau dit duge phdn tich tai Phdng Phdn tich ciia Khoa Tdi nguyln vd Mdi trudng (Jrudng Dai hpc Ndng ldm Thai Nguyln), Phdng Phdn tich - ViOn Quy hoach vd Thilt k l Ndng nghiOp (Bd Ndng nghiep va Phdt trien Ndng thdn), Trung tam Mdi trudng (Viln Khoa hpe va Cdng nghO ViOt Nam).
Xdc dinh:
+ Thanh phin ca gidi dit: Bdng phuang phdp dng hiit Robinson.
+ Kit cau dat: Bang phuang phdp ray khd, ray udt
+ Dung trpng dat Bing phuang phap dng hii kunloai.
+ Ty trpng: Bdng phuang phdp pienomet.
-I- Dp xdp: Tinh tiieo cdng tinic P(%) = (1- D/d)*100.
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N 6 N G NGHIEP V A PHAT TRIEN NONG T H 6 N - KY 2 THANG 9/2011KHOA HQC
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+ Xdc djnh hO sd k i t clu ctia dit theo cdng tinic:Kc=l(b-a)/b]xlOO
Trong dd : a II hdm lugng set (%) khi phdn tich vi dodn lap; b Id ham lugng sit (%) khi phdn tich thdnh phin ca gidi.
+ Xdc djnh hO sd phdn tan eua dit theo cdng tinic: Kf = a/b xlOO
Trong dd : a la ham lugng set (%) khi phdn tich vi dodn lap; b la hdm lugng sit (%) khi phdn tich thdnh phin ca gidi.
+ Siie chiia Im ddng rudng (Air) vd dd Im edy hlo (A:h): Xdc dinh bing mdy do pF.
•.KET QUA NGHDI Ciiu
1. Cdc loai dit trdng c h i dTTidi Nguyln
Thdi Nguyln Id tinh thuge vimg Trung du miln niii Ble bd, edch trung tdm thii dd Hd Ndi 45 km vl phia Ble vdi diOn tich hi nhiln 353.101,67 ha (Bdo edo tdng kilm k l dit dai tinh Thii Nguydn ndm 2010) [5]. Cdy ehi dThdi Nguyln dugc h-dng ti-ln 05 loai dat, vdi diOn tich 17.309 ha (bang 1), trong dd chii ylu dugc trdng tap trung trIn dit dd vIng tren da sit (Fs) 15.648,97 ha (chilm 90,41%). DiOn tich cdn lai dupe trdng rdi rde tren cdc loai dit: Dit nau vdng tren phu sa ed (Fp) 439,77 ha (chilm 2,54%), dit ndu dd trIn da macma baza vd trung tinh (Fk) 587,73 ha (chilm 3,40%), dit dd vdng trIn dd macma axit (Fa) 354,32 (chilm 2,05%) vd dit vdng nhat h-ln da eat (Fq) 278,21 ha (chilm 1,61%). Dit dd vdng ti-ln dd sit ed 168.719 ha, chilm 47,78% diOn tich dit tu nhiln. Id loai dit tuang ddi tiiich hgp cho su sinh trudng va phdt triln ciia cdy chi.
Bdng 1. DiOn tich cdc loai dit hiln dang trdng chi dThdi Nguyen Loai dit
1. Dit nau vdng trIn phii sa ed
2. Dit ndu dd trIn da macma baza vd trung tinh 3. Dit dd vdng trIn dd set
4. Dit dd vdng trIn dd macma axit 5. Dit vIng nhat trIn dd edt
KyhiOu
Fp Fk Fs Fa Fq
TdngDiOn tich (ha) 439,77 587,73 168.719
354,32 278,21 17.309,00
TylO(%) 2,54 3,40 90,41
2,05 1,61
100
2. Mdt sd tinh chit vdt ly ciia dit trdng chi dThdi Nguyen
Kit qua phdn tich mdt sd tinh chit vat ly ciia ede mlu dit nghiin eiiu dirge trinh biy d bang 2 (vung Tdn Cuong khdng cd loai dit Fk vl Fa; viing Dai Tir khdng ed loai dit Fk; viing Phii Luang khdng cd loai dit Fa).
Dung trgng ciia dit nghiin ciiu d miie trung bmh, dao ddng tir 1,12 din 1,22 g/em^ Ca 54 mlu dit nghiin eiiu diu ed dung trpng Idn han 1,00 g/cm'. Theo thang ddnh gid dung trpng dit ciia Kaehinski, 54 mau dit nly thude loai dit bi nen it [5, 6], d mdt sd phlu diOn dd cd dau hiOu bi nIn d tang mdt Dung trpng dit cd Uln quan true tilp din hdm lugng chit hiiu ca ciing nhu ede kit elu viln ciia dit, nd anh hudng true tilp din su phdt triln eiia bd r l cly trdng. St; chinh lOch vl gid tri dung trpng giiia cdc ting dit khdng ddng k l Id do tinh ddng nhlt ciia dit phdt triln trIn dd s i t Mdt sd phlu diOn dit nghiin eiiu cd dung trgng ciia ting 3 eao han ting mdt Dilu ndy cd till do hiOn tugng riia trdi, tich luy cdc vlt UOu sit t^ trung dcdc ting dudi vl cdng xudng
sau ham lugng chit hiiu ca trong dit cing giam nIn dung trgng ciia cdc ting dudi thudng Idn hon ting mdt
Ty trpng ciia cdc mlu nghiin ciiu dao ddng tir 2,47 din 2,64 g/cm', tiling binh dat 2,56 g/cm*. Cdc loai dit trdng che d tinh Thdi Nguyln cd chiia nhilu sit, nhdm nIn gid tn ty trgng d muc cao. TTieo thang ddnh gid ty trgng dit ciia Kaehinski thi dit nghiin eiiu ed chit lugng mun tnmg binh [5, 6]. Trong cdc phlu diOn, ting dat m$t thudng ed ty trgng nhd hon so vdi ede ting dudi, do hdm lugng htiu ea d tang m$t eao han (vi trIn dit trdng ehe, ngudi din thudng lly thdn, canh, la ehi bi ddn bdn vdo dit giiip ndng cao hdm lugng hiiu ea d tang dit mdt). Xudng ede ting dudi, ty trgng eiia dit tang lln do hdm lugng hiiu ea giam, mdt khdc do nhiing hgp chit sdt vd nhiing khoang ndng dugc tich liiy nhilu han. Ty trgng eiia ede mau nghiin eiiu tuong ddi ddng diu trong sudt chilu sdu ciia phlu diOn.
Dit nghiin eiiu ed dp xdp d miic trung binh, dao ddng trong khoang ttr 51,78 din 56,76%, do dit ehiia nhilu Fe, Al chiing gin kit ele h^t dit lai vdi nhau t^o thdnh cdc h^t k i t bin trong nude. Ca 54 mlu dit
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN
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nghiin eiiu diu ed dp xdp dudi 60%, d miie bmh thudng ddi vdi ting canh tac. Do vay, viOc tiilm vd giii nude eua dit trdng ehe d Thai Nguyln eiing ed phin han chi so vdi ede loai dat d noi khdc (nhu dit nhdm dit dd bazan dTay Nguyln). Dp xdp ed quan ho ehdt ehe vdi hdm lugng hiiu ea, thdnh phin ca gidi va kit elu eua dit Dit nghiin eiiu chiia nhilu
Bang 2. Mdt sd tinh chit vlt ly ciia dit nghiin oiu
Fe, Al vd hdm lirgng hiiu ea t h ^ , ddn din dp xdp ciia dit khdng cao. Su ehlnh lOeh vl dp xdp giira cac ting dit trong mdt phlu diOn cung khdng ddng kl.
Dd xdp eiia ting dit mdt thap hon ele ting dudi la do bi ldm ehdt bdi su giam dap thudng xuydn ciia con ngudi trong qua trinh thu hdi vd ehdm sdc ehi.
Dia dilm
Vimg Tan Cuong
Viing Dai Tir
Viing Phil Luong
Mlu dat TCI
(Fs) TC2 (Fs) TC3 (Fp) TC4 (Fp) TC5 (Fq) TC6 (Fq) DTI (Fs) DT2 (Fs) DT3 (Fp) DT4 (Fp) DT5 (Fa) DT6 (Fq) PLl (Fs) PL2(Fs)
Tang dat (cm)
0-30 30-65 65-120
0-30 30-70 70-120
0-25 25^0 60-115
0-30 30^0 60-120
0-35 35-75 75-120
0-25 25-55 55-110
0-30 30^5 65-120
0-25 25-65 65-120
0-35 35^0 60-110
0-30 3065 65-120
0-30 30-75 75-120
0-25 25-65 65-110
0-25 25-65 65-120
0-25
Dung trpng (g/em^
1.18 1.19 1.15 1.16 1,17 1.16 1.16 1.19 1.19 1.18 1,15 1,21 1,15 1,20 1,20 1,17 1,19 1,20 1,19 1,19 1,22 1,16 1,17 1,19 1,18 1,22 1,21 1,19 L17 1,20 1,16 1,21 1,21 1,19 1,19 1,21 1.21 1,19 1,12 1,16
Ty trong (g/em')
2,51 2,53 2,61 2,54 2,61 2,63 2,47 2,51 2,64 2,56 2,59 2,62 2,48 2,53 2,61 2,51 2,55 2,60 2,52 2,54 2,62 2,52 2,57 2,63 2,49 2,53 2,64 2.58 2.61 2.63 2.50 2.55 2.60 2,54 2,59 2,62 2.51 2.56 2.59 2.53
Dp xdp '(%)
52.99 52.96 55.94 54.33 55.17 55,89 53,04 52,59 54,92 53,91 55,60 53,82 53,63 52.57 54.04 53.39 53.33 53.85 52.78 53.15 53.44 53.97 54.47 54.75 52.61 51.78 54.17 53.88 55.17 54,37 53,60 52,55 53,46 53,15 54,05 53,82 51.79 53.52 56.76 54.15
Ty le cap hat (%) Set
40.12 45,82 53,27 45,62 52,32 59,07 41,67 47,85 51,02 42,54 45,96 54,12 42,15 45,84 50,27 44,65 50,54 52,75 52,02 59,34 62,47 48,72 56,72 61,62 42,69 49,21 52,09 42,86 47,08 55,12 43,21 46,85 51,23 45,75 52,01 54.32 57.46 59.66 61.14 55,97
limon 27,70 21,40 18,34 25,25 20,40 25,50 28,12 23,53 19,24 25,64 20,02 18,18 27,21 23,91 20,25 25,65 23,29 19,01 26,50 25,50 14,70 14,80 10.35 14,50 27,54 24,15 18,94 26,42 21,76 17,54 28,54 24,21 19,29 25,01 22,19 18,23 22.70 16.58 12,20 27,90
Cat 32,18 32,78 28,39 29,13 27,28 15,43 30,21 28,62 29,74 31,82 34,02 27,70 30,64 30,25 29,48 29,70 26,17 28,24 21,48 15,16 22,83 36,48 32,93 23,88 29,77 26,64 28,97 30,72 31,16 27,34 28,25 28,94 29,48 29,24 25,8 27,45 19,84 23,76 26,66 16.13
Ham lugng ehat hOu ea (0M)(%)
1.89 0,81 0,40 2,15 0,98 0,50 1,67 0,71 0,45 1,85 0,95 0.61 1,47 0.72 0.42 1.58 0.89 0.48 1.73 0.75 0.37 2.01 0.85 0.46 1,68 0,64 0,35 2,11 1.05 0.58 1.81 0.77 0,45 1.61 0,65 0,42 1.56 0.74
0.34 ^ 2.32 ^
46 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG
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PL3 (Fk) P U (Fk) PL5 (Fp) PL6 (Fq)
25-75 75-120
0-30 3065 65-115
0-30 3060 60-110
0-35 35-70 70-120
0-25 25-55 55-120
1.19 1,15 1.17 1,19 1,20 1,19 1,17 1.20 1.16 1.21 1,21 1.19 1.16 1,21
2,60 2,62 2.48 2,57 2,62 2.50 2,52 2,62 2,53 2.51 2.62 2,51 2,59 2,61
54,23 56,11 52.82 53,70 54,20 52,40 53,57 54,20 54,15 51,79 53,82 52,82 55,21 53,62
60,27 64,82 40,54 47,92 50,54 41,52 45.96 53.27 45.25 47.24 52,32 44,76 51,09 55,97
15,80 16,10 25,54 22,78 19,21 26,87 22,51 19,02 29,45 23,65 19.02 27.43 24.75 18.02
23,93 19,08 33,92 29,30 30,25 31,61 31,53 27,71 25.30 29,11 29,66 27,81 24,16 26,01
1,14 0,54 1,62 0,78 0,45 2,12 1,08 0,51 1,58 0,61 0.34 1,52 0,56 0,32
Ty 10 elp hat set (<0,002 mm) d ting mdt biln ddng tir 40,12 din 64,82%, vd tdng theo chilu sdu ciia phlu diOn do qud trinh riia trdi lam tich tu sit d ting dudi. Tuy ed nhiing dao ddng nhlt dinh vl kit qua phdn tich thdnh phin elp hat, nhung thinh phin ea gidi ciia toln bd 18 phlu diOn vdi 54 mau dit diu tii thjt trung binh din s i t Dilm ding luu y Id kit qua phdn tich till hiln si; phdn biOt rd rdng vl tiidnh phin elp hat giiia ting mdt vd 2 ting dudi. Nlu nhu
hdm lugng sit trung bmh d ting 2II 50,65% vl d ting 3 II 55,30% thi ham lugng sit d ting mdt thIp hon, chi dat trung binh 45,42%. Rat ed till vi|c khai title dit trong san xult thdm canh ehi dd tinic dly qud trinh rua trdi elp hat sit d ting mdt Cdc loai dit trdng che d Thii Nguyln cd ham lugng sit cao, do dd ed do Im cay hlo, siic hiit Im tdi da, siie chiia Im diu eao. Ddy Id mdt trong nhiing ylu td quylt djnh khd ndng san xult eiia dit [3,4].
Dia dilm
Vimg Tan Cuong
Viing Dai Tir
Vimg Phii Luong
Bdng 3 Mau
dit TCI
(Fs)
TC2 (Fs)
DTI (Fs)
DT2 (Fs)
PLl (Fs)
PL2 (Fs)
. HO sd k i t clu vd ho sd pi Ting dit
(cm) 0-30 30-65 65-120
0-30 30-70 70-120
0-30 30-65 65-120
0-25 25^5 65-120
0-25 2 5 ^ 65-120
0-25 25-75 75-120
HO sd kit clu (%)
77,80 81,85 73,76 79,74 83,81 82,97 71,60 70,64 77,82 82,37 70,96 70,50 72,72 75,02 72,01 77,36 81,78 82,01
idn tdn ciia dll HI sd phin
tln(%) 22,20 18,15 26,24 20,26 16,19 17,03 28,40 29,36 22,18 17,63 29,04 29,50 27,28 24,98 27,99 22,64 18,22 17,99
. nghiin ahi
Ach(%) 24,17 27,37 26,40 21,78 22,68 29,20 22,33 22,94 27,12 21,71 21,90 20,29 24,30 25,02 25,52 23,68 25,10 23,80
Ai.(%) 39,16 42,84 38,08 38,20 36,80 43,24 40,89 40,26 40,56 38,07 34,96 36,36 40,54 36,80 37,98 41,78 40,96 37,42
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN
N 6 N G T H C NKY 2 - THANG 9/2011 47
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HO sd clu tnic va hO so phdn tan dugc tinh toan ehi vdi loai dit dd vdng trIn dd set (Fs), Id loai dit ed diOn tich h-dng che Idn nhlt (dat ti-ln 90%) dThdi Nguyln. T i t ea cac mau phdn tich eiia 6 phlu diOn diu ed h i sd k i t elu d miic eao, Idn han 70% (bang 3). Nguyen nhdn chii ylu ldm cho loai dit nay cd k i t elu vidn hat II do hdm lugng sit, nhdm, hiiu ea vd ty 10 cac axit miin trong dit [3, 4]. Khi cation Fe**
va Al^* d trang thai k i t hgp vdi set tao phiie hO bin viing ngay ed trong mdi trudng chua. Ban than sit hda tan di chuyin din khe hd giiia ede hat kit, khi mIt nude, oxit sit dd gin ede hat dit lai vdi nhau nhu xi mdng. Dit dd vang trdn da set (Fs) ed elu tao hat kit dang vien bin viing dien hinh cho vai trd cua sdt vd nhdm.
Ngugc lai vdi hO sd k i t elu, hO sd phin tan dao ddng trong khoang 17,03 din 29,36%, dugc ddnh gia Id rIt thap. HO sd phdn tan die tnmg cho do bin trong nude eiia ede dodn lap. Nguyln nhdn khiln dit dd vdng trIn dd set ed do bin trong nude eiia cdc dodn lap eao la do ed hdm lugng sit cao.
3. Mdi quan hO giOa dO Im dit v l ndng suit chi dThdi Nguyln
TrIn 300 vudn ehe dilu tra tai 03 vimg nhiln eiru CThdi Nguyln, Dai Tir, Phii Luang), lua chpn cac vudn chi ed ndng suit eao nhlt vd ndng suit thIp nhlt eiia mdi vimg d l theo ddi diin biln dd Im dat trong miia khd, vdi ting dit lly mlu tir 0 din 30 cm.
Mdi quan hO giira ndng suit ehe vd dd Im dit dugc till hiln d bang 4.
Bang 4. Quan hO giiia dQ Im dit v l ndng suit c h i Dia dilm
Thdi Nguyln
Dai Tir Phii Luang Trung binh
Ndng suit (tan blip tuoi/ha)
Max = 11,85 Mm = 6,54 Max = 10,57
Mm = 6,05 Max = 10,64
Mm = 6,12 Max = 11,02
Mm = 6,24
Dp Im dat (%) theo thdi gian lly mlu 15/11
28,5 25,5 26,7 23,5 27,2 24,2 27,5 24,4
15/12 23,2 20,3 23,0 20,0 23,7 20,5 23,3 20,3
15/01 24,4 21,0- 23,1 20,5 24,0 20,9 23,8 20,6
15/02 25,5 22,2 24,1 21,2 25,2 22,1 24,9 21,8
15/03 29,2 28,1 27,7 24,5 28,4 25,4 28,4 25,3
Theo kit qua dilu tra tiii nhiing nuang chi cd
ndng suit cao nhlt eua cac viing nghiin ciiu diu dugc tudi 04 lln trong miia khd, vdi lugng nude tudi trung binh 700 m^/ha trong mdt lln tudi. O nhiing vudn che ed ndng suit thIp nhlt eiia cac vimg nghiin eiiu thi trong toan bd miia khd (tir thing 11 din thdng 3) chi duge tudi mdt lln, vdi lugng nude tudi trung bmh 567 m^/ha vd ngudi ndng ddn khdng thu hdi che vdo miia khd. Kit qua d bang 4 eho thay trIn nhiing virdn che eho ndng suit eao (> 10 tin blip tuoi/ha) thi dp am dit d ting mdt (0 - 30 em) trong ede tiidng miia khd ludn dat trIn 23%, trong khi d nuang ehe eho ndng suit thIp (< 7 tin blip tuoi/ha) thi dd Im ed thdi dilm ehi dat 20%. Chinh lOeh dp Im giiia vudn ehe ed ndng cao nhat vd vudn ehe ndng suit thIp nhlt xip xi 3%. Vimg ed dp Im dat trong miia khd eao thi eho ndng suit che blip cao han so vdi vimg cd dp Im dit trong miia khd thIp. Mdi tuang quan giiia dp Im dit trong m-ia khd va ndng suit ehi blip tuoi d Thai Nguyln dugc thi hiOn qua phuang tiinh y = 0,9892 x + 18,908 (hinh 1) vdi hO sd tuang quan rat ehdt (r = 0,82), dp am ciia dit cang
eao thi ndng suit ehe blip tuoi cang eao vd ngupc lai.
Hinh 3.1. Tuong quan giOa dO &m dit vl ning suit ehi
IV.KETLUAN
1. Dung trpng eua ele loai dit trdng chi tinh Thai Nguyln dao ddng trong khoang 1,12-1,22 g/cm' thude phan elp dit bi nen it vd dit ed him lugng ch^
htiu ca d miic trung binh. Ty trpng dit dat tir 2,47 din 2,64 g/em' vd thupc dit cd chit lugng miin tioing
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N 6 N GNGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON KY 2 - THANG 9/2011
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bmh. Dit ed dd xdp d miic bmh thudng ddi vdi tingcanh tie, dao ddng trong khoang tir 51,78 din 56,76%. Dit ed tiidnh phin ea gidi ndng, ty 1| elp hat set biln ddng tir 40,12 din 64,82% d ting mdt vd tdng din theo chilu sdu ciia phau didn.
2. Loai dit dd vdng phdt triln trIn dd sit (Fs) ed kit elu tdt h | sd clu tinic tren 70% va h i sd phdn tdn dudi 30%. Kha ndng giu nude eua loai dit nly khd cao dupe ddc trung bdi gid tri eao eua dp Im edy heo (binh qudn dat 24,18%) vd siie chiia Im ddng rudng cua dit khd Idn (bmh qudn dat 39,16%). Tuy nhidn cIn chii y thuc hiOn cdc biOn phdp giii Im vd tudi nude eho ehi vdo miia khd.
3. Mdi tuong quan giiia dp Im dit trong miia khd vd ndng suit ehi blip tuoi d Thai Nguydn dupe thi hiln qua phuang ti-inh y = 0,9892 x -i-18,908 vdi hO sd tuang quan rIt chat (r = 0,82). Tren nhung vudn ehe cho ndng suit cao (> 10 tan blip tuoi/ha) thi dd am dit d ting mdt (0 - 30 cm) trong cdc thdng miia khd ludn dat trdn 23%, trong khi d nuang ehi eho ndng suit thIp (< 7 tin blip tuoi/ha) thi dd Im cd thdi dilm chi dat 20%. Viing ed do Im dit trong miia khd cao thi cho ndng suit chi blip cao han so vdi viing ed
dp Im dit trong miia khd thIp.
TAI I f U THAM KHAO
1. Dd Ngpc Quy (1997). Cdy ehe ViOt Nam. Nhd xult ban Ndng nghiOp. Ha Ndi.
2. Sd Ndng nghiOp va Phdt triln ndng thdn tinh Thai Nguyen (2002). Kit qua thuc hiOn dl dn phat triln san xult vd tilu thu ehi tir ngudn vdn vay Ngdn hang Phdt triln ehdu A (ADB). Bdo cao tdng kit du dn.
3. TrIn Kdng Tlu (1993). Vat ly tiid nhudng.
Nhd xult ban Tdng hpp, Hd Ndi.
4. Dao Chau Thu (2003). Khodng sit vd su lidn quan eiia ehiing vdi mdt vdi ehi tidu ly hda hpe trong mdt sd loai dit ViOt Nam. Nhd xuat ban Khoa hpe vd Ky tiiudt Ha Ndi.
5. Uy ban Nhan dan tinh Thai Nguyen (2010).
Bao edo tdng kilm ke dit dai tinh Thdi Nguyen ndm 2010.
A. Katrinski (1965). Vat ly dat, tap I.
6. N.
Matxeava, 7. N.
Matxeava.
A. Katrinski (1970). Vat ly d i t tap II.
STUDY SOME PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF TH'E OFTEA GROWING SOILS IN THAI NGUYEN PROVINCE
Phan Thi Thanh Huyen, Do Nguyen Hai, Nguyen Ngoc Nong Summaty
The value of bull density of tea growing soil types ranged from 1.12 to 1.22 g/em'. Soil particle density ranged from 2.47 to 2.64 and the soil is humus average quality. Soil porosity is normal for cultivation levels, ranging from 51.78 to 56,76%. Soil with heavy mechanical composition, the percentage of clay particles varied from 40.12 to 64.82% in surface and increases with the depth of profile. Ferralsols (Fs) has fine texture, struture eoefieient of 70% and the dispersion coefficient below 30%. Water holding capacity of this soil is quite high by relatatively high value of willing point (average 24.18%) and field water capacity (average 39.16%). The correlation between soil moisture during the dry season and yield of tea leaves in Thai Nguyen is expressed through the equation y = 0.9892 x -^ 18.908 with a very strong eorelation (r = 0.82).
Keywords: Physical property, tea, types of tea growing soil Ngudi phdn biOn: TS. Bui Huy Hiln
N 6 N G
