Nr,HpTHIlATRflNPHi;ONG
SIIVGAPORE BIEIVIXIALE
MOT THAM KHAO
CHO NGHE THilAT DlTONG DAI VIET NAM
DAO MAI TRANG
LTS: Singapore Biennale (SB) (1) 2011 dang dien ra tai Singapore vdi sU tham du cua 63 nghe si thupc 30 nu6c va vimg lanh tho tren toan the gioi. Day la lan thu ba SB dugc to chiic vdfi su din dat nghe thuat cua cac giam tuyen nghe thuat duang dai hang dau trong chau luc. SB sdm dugc gidi nghe thuat quoc te xem la biennale ldn nhat cua khu vuc Dong Nam A. vgi rieng Viet Nam, day co the vUa la mgt tham khao vUa la mgt ca hgi cho nghe thuat duong dai trong xu the hgi nhap ngay cang rgng va sau vdi khu vuc cung nhu toan cau. Ky SB nao Chung ta cung co dai dien duoe mdi tham gia.
Sir hinh thanh va thong diep tii^ SB
SB dugc hinh thinh trong nam 2006 vdi trien lam dau tien do Hdi ddng nghe thuat qudc gia (The National Arts Council - NAC) chiu trich
nhiem td chQc. Cd le trudc tien phai ndi ddi chut vl Hdi ddng niy. NAC duge thanh lap trong thing 9- 1991, vdi mue dfeh trd thinh mdt mui nhgn din diu eho sy phat trien nghe thuat cua Singapore, dua
Tac pham cua Tiffany Chung tgi SB 2011
dao qud'c niy sdm trd thanh mdt thanh phd toan cau cd phong each dac biet vl nghe thuat. NAC dugc chfnh phu Singapore bao trg, thinh vien li nhung ngudi cd chung tim nhin ndi tren, ddng thdi giu trgng trich trong cac tap doan kinh doanh ldn, cac quy tai trg cung nhu ca quan chfnh phu nhu Bd Giio dye. Van phdng du lich qud'c gia... Day li mdt sy kit ndi quan trgng giua myc dfeh nghe thuat va nln tang kinh te', giio due dl NAC cd dugc thanh cdng ngay tQ nhimg budc di diu tien. Hoat ddng chfnh ciia NAC trai rdng tren 5 linh vyc nghe thuat: mua, nghe thuat van chuong, nghe thuat thi giie, am nhae va san khau.
NAC tai trg nhilu khi la toan phin de nudi dudng cac tai nang nghe thuat, thuc day cac hoat ddng sing tao cung nhu thudng lam nghe thuat, xay dyng cac kha nang va ngudn hd trg, tao dilu kien eho sy qud'c te hda eung nhu ung hd hoin toan eho cic gia tri nghe thuat. NAC cd cdng ldn trong viec kit ndi eie nhdm nghe si, cdng ddng yeu nghe thuat, gidi kinh doanh nghe thuat lai
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VAN HOA NGHF THI lAT MOA^ H«i^fl|
vdi nhau, dem nghe thuat de'n cho tat ca mgi ngudi ddng thdi giup duy tri mdt sy phit trien nghe thuat bin vimg d Singapore.
Tren da phat trien dd, sy ra ddi cua SB nam 2006 nhu mdt le duang nhien. Nghe thuat duong dai Ddng Nam A trong khoang thdi gian niy da va dang tilp tyc phit triln manh me, giao luu eua nghe si trong khu vyc va vdi the gidi ngay eing dugc tang cudng, sy bd sung ciia eic the'he nghe si tre vdi them hai the manh so vdi eie thi he trudc li sy tu tin, ddc lap va khit vgng khang dinh cai ca nhan trong mdi canh toan eiu, nhu tilp them nang Iugng cho NAC dl hinh thanh mdt md hinh biennale khdng ehi cho rieng Singapore mi cdn cho ci khu vyc Ddng Nam A (2).
SB nam nay duge diln ra tQ 13-3 din 15-5 va dan vi td chQc mdi li Bao tang nghe thuat Singapore (Singapore Art Museum - SAM), NAC dQng ben canh vdi vai trd hd trg chinh. Song song vdi SB, SAM cdn td chQc mdt trien lam dilm lai hai thap nien nghe thuat duang dai Ddng Nam A, gidi thieu nhQng nghe si nghe thuat duang dai ndi bat cua khu vuc trong thdi gian tQ 1991 den nay, den tQ Thai Lan, Indonesia, Viet Nam, Philippines, Singapore va Malaysia. Trien lam nay keo dai tQ 12-3 din 26-6.
Chfnh vi vay, Singapore thdi dilm nay nhu mgt dai khin phdng trien lam, mdt dilm thu
hut du lieh dia phuong va qud'c tlldn nhat trong nam 2011.
SB 2011 mdi 63 nghe si cua 30 nudc tren toan the gidi tham gia, gidi thieu 161 tae phim va chia thanh 4 dia dilm trung biy, gdm SAM, Bio ting qud'c gia Singapore (The National Museum of Singapore), San bay Kallang cu (Old Kallang Airport) vi khu vuc Vinh Marina (Marina Bay). Tieu dl cua SB nam nay li Nhd md (Open House), vdi su din dit eiia giim ddc nghe thuat Matthew Ngui (sinh nam 1962), mdt nghe si duong dai Singapore ndi tie'ng the' gidi, hien sdng va lam viee tai, Australia. M. Ngui timg dugc mdi tham gia cic biennale qudc te uy tfn nhu Venice (2001), Gwangju (Han Qud'c, 2002), Sao Paulo (Brasil, 1996) vi Documenta (lien hoan nghe thuat duong dai ldn nhai nudc DQc va cd dinh ky 5 nam, 1997). Nam 2007, dng tQng duge Bao ting nghe thuat duong dai (Museum of Contemporary Art) d Sidney td chQc mgt trien lam keo dai hai thing, gidi thieu hai thap nien thuc hinh nghe thuat cua dng.
M.Ngui da bay td quan diem rd rang khi tham gia SB 2011. Ong va hai giam tuyen cdng sy mong mudn "tao ra mdt cam thQc vl nhung gi dang diln ra xung quanh ta dya tren bdi canh sd'ng hien tai. Tuong ty, sy tap trung chQ y danh cho nghe thuat duong dai dlu lien quan den mdi trudng sd'ng dd thi hien nay.
Mdt khi chung ta giam dan sU dl phdng vi nhan thQc ro han vl viee trao ddi cic y tQOng, quan diem, chung ta se din nhan ra ed the tao nen cic co hdi nhu thi nio, cd the vugt qua nhung rio chin, ranh gidi giua eii ea nhan va cdng cdng, cung nhu giua ben trong ngdi nha rieng tu va ben ngoai xa hdi ra sao". Ong tiep tyc ly giii vl tieu dl Nhd md. "d Singapore, tai cac ll hdi ldn nhai trong nam ciia ngudi theo dao Hdi (Hari Ray a), theo An Do giio (Deepavali), hay eua ngudi gd'c Hoa (tet am lieh), ngudi dan dlu duy tri phong tyc md cua ddn khich la vao nha, mdi hg an udng vi cung chuyen trd. Day khdng ehi la bieu hien cua long men khach cung ude vgng tdt dep ma cdn la mdt dip dl mgi ngudi phan anh, thuong thao va trao ddi vdi nhau mgi dilu cd the vl cugc sd'ng, ddi ngudi, vl nhung rang huge xa hdi. Cai ngudng ngan each giua ca nhan va cdng ddng dugc thio gd, tao dilu kien giai tda ranh gidi giiia cac ca nhan cung nhu cac nhdm ngudi vdi nhau...". M.Ngui da lien ddi kiln giai dd vdi mdt dac diem phd quit cua nghe thuat duong dai: "Nghe thuat duong dai cung thudng thuc diy mdt nhu ciu giao tie'p, kei ndi, vugt qua nhung ngudng ngan cich bdi sy khic biet cd the do trai nghiem, tam ly, hoac ngudn gd'c chfnh tri va xa hdi. Bdi vay, thyc hanh nghe thuat cita nghe si khdng dan giin chi la ve mpt cdi gi do tren the gidi
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NGHE THUAT BON PHLfONG mi chfnh thyc la cac nd lue de
trao ddi thdng tin, chuyin dich kinh nghiem va tham chf ca eie dia dilm thuong mai. Cac ranh gidi ed the dugc bao ve bing vu lye, tuy nhien nghe sT ed the gin minh vao ben trong nhung he thd'ng bao ve dd, chuyen nhimg khat vgng trong im lang thinh nhung kit qua ngoii mong dgi. Mdt sd nghe sl thay ddi vi trf hoac trao ddi vat thi, chat lieu vi thdng tin cua tie phim tQ mdt bdi canh trtmg bay niy sang bdi eanh khie, eho thay nhQng kit ndi khdng ngd giua nhung hoan canh bit ddng vl van hda.
Viee tao dimg hoac phi huy nhiing vat lieu vi chat lieu thdng thudng ehi nhim lam ndi bat tilm nang sing tao trong da dang hoin eanh, ggi y vl nhilu cich thQe mdi me dl nhin ngim the gidi...". Chi'nh vi vay, SB 2011 khao cQu cic qui trinh lam nghe thuat cung nhu sy kit ndi cua chung vdi nhimg giao dich hang ngay cua eon ngudi vdi nhau. TQ eie mat hang kinh doanh din nhimg cau chuyen trao ddi, tQ viee chia se thue phim din chuyen an van, SB 2011 lien tyc tao ra nhung sy trao ddi, giua cac ci nhan, nhdm, cic thinh phd vi dan tdc. Tai mdt cang biln tip nap, ban rdn nhat thi gidi, mdt thinh phd da van hda dugc xay dyng de kinh doanh, SB 2011 dem den nhQng tae pham nghe thuat ed thi ggi md ra da dang bdi canh va vd sd cich tilp can sing tao vdi nhung cau hdi ring lam thi nio ehung ta cd thi vugt
qua dugc cac ranh gidi, cd the thay dugc nhQng quan diem khic va hinh thanh nen nhimg kit ndi vdi ngudi khie.
SB Ididng chi don thuin la mdt trien lam nghe thuat mi cdn la mdt dia chi kinh doanh vi giao dye nghe thuat cho tat thay edng chung, dac biet la ngudi Singapore. Vl mat kinh doanh, khich de'n xem phii mua ve vdi mQc gii 10 ddla Singapore (tuong duong 160 nghin ddng tiln Viet Nam).
Nam 2008, mdt con sd thd'ng ke in tugng vl sd ve bin ra, 502.220 chiec. Khdng ehi ed cdng chung dia phuang, SB, vi la mdt triln lam qud'c te, nen CO hdi thu hut du khich nudc ngoai la rat ldn. Khdng phai ngiu nhien ma Van phdng du lieh qud'c gia Singapore rit tfch eye tham gia sy kien niy.
Cac tour tham quan trien Iam qua nhilu dia diem khie nhau dugc thiel ke vdi cic mQc gii ve khic nhau tuy theo ai li
ngudi hudng din, thuyel trinh cho khach. Do li sy kit hgp giua kinh doanh va giio dye nghe thuat mdt cich hieu qua nhit. Trong khfa canh giio due, SB eung ed cic gdi chuong trinh dinh cho tre em, hgc sinh trung hgc, sinh vien vdi timg mQc gia phu hgp, khuyin khfch va cd vu hg tham gia cic trai nghiem nghe thuat khdng dl cd hing ngay.
Chfnh cich lam niy da dem lai lgi nhuan kep, vQa keo edng chung de'n vdi trilri lam, vQa thuc day trach nhiem cua nha td chQc de mdi ky SB lai cd mdt sQc hip din rieng, mdt kha nang lan tda nghe thuat rieng.
SB nhir mot tham khao cho nghe thuat dirong dai Viet Nam
Qua ba ky SB, lan nio eung cd nghe si Viet Nam dugc mdi tham gia. Ne'u nhu trong SB diu tien nam 2006, Viet Nam chi cd duy nhit mdt dai dien la
Trich doqn tac phdm ciia nhom Propeller tgi SB 2011
So 322 Thang 4-2011
VAN HQA NGHE THUAT Mll»^ H f i ^ j y nhdm Mogas Station vdi 1
nghe si rat da dang vl thanh phin xuit than, ngudi la ngudi Viet Nam chfnh hieu (Hoang Duong Cim, sinh ra, ldn len, hgc tap d Viet Nam, cd bd me dlu la ngudi Viet Nam), ngudi thi l i Viet kiiu, ngudi chi mang mgt nua ddng miu Viet, ngudi lai hoan toan la nghe sl ngudi nudc ngoai nhung cu ngu va lam nghe thuat d Viet Nam lau nam. Nhdm da xay dyng mdt dy an thu vi, thyc hien mdt an phim vl nghe thuat tieu de Aart v i sau dd phat eho du khach de'n SB, dung nd vQa nhu mdt an pham thdng thudng vQa nhu ehi tilt ehfnh trong mdt tic phim nghe thuat sip dat ldn ngoii trdi.
Den SB nam 2008, Viet Nam da ed bd'n dai dien. Le Quang Dinh (Dinh Q. Le), mdt ngudi Viet nhap cu vao My tQ nhd, nay la mdt nghe si ndi tie'ng the gidi va vl lai TPHCM dinh cu, da thyc hien du an nghe thuat sip dat va video art vl ude mo cung nd luc biln ude mo thinh sy that cita mdt ndng dan mud'n che tao miy bay d Ddng Nai (dng Trin Qudc Hai). Nguyin Quang Huy, Pham Nggc Duong va Truang Tan dlu la eie nghe si Ha Ndi, duge mdi tham gia SB vdi cic tic phim nghe thuat rieng le thudc hinh thuc sip dat va hoac kit hgp sip dat vdi video art. Dilu dang chu y, sing tic eua hg deu dugc trung biy trong nudc trude khi duge tuyin chgn eho SB. Pham Nggc Duong vdi sip
dat mang ten Nhiing diu gidi (cung cd nghia li nhung dieu hoang dudng, ky dieu- Maggots), gdm hang tram vat the hinh con gidi, dugc tao tie theo nhieu tu thibd, ngoe diu, vinh dudi khae nhau, timg dugc trung bay tai Trung tam van hda Phap nam 2007.
Truang Tan vdi tic pham sip dat cd ten Vii cong, cung biy tai gallery Ryllega (Hi Ndi) nam 2007. Tic phim the hien hinh dang cang nhu day din cua mdt vu cdng, rat dep v i ggi cam vl mat thi giac ddng thdi ggi ra rat nhilu dau hdi ve sy cang cQng iy, cd ta hay la anh ta; dang mua hay dang bi tra tan, nghe thuat di liln vdi eye hinh... Nguyin Quang Huy gidi thieu mdt video art tieu dl Nhihig cdu chuyen cua guang mat, ghi lai hinh anh nhung guong mat cua ngudi lang thang ngu ngoii via he H i Ndi, kem them hinh anh bup be ballet, nhu l i ggi tudng tugng vl gia'c mo vd gia cU, lang man, sieu tudng va xa xdt... Tie phim nay tung dugc triln lam tai Vien Goethe H i Ndi trong nam 2007.
SB lin thu 3 niy, dai dien cua nghe thuat duong dai Viet Nam la nhQng guong mat k h i dae biet trong ddi sdng nghe thuat cua TP.HCM. Nhdm Propeller vdi ba nghe si Ha Thue Phu Nam, Tuin Andrew Nguyin va Matt Lucero.
Nhdm su dyng da dang nhung edng cy truyin thdng v i dich vy van hda cua xa hdi hien dai nhu tivi, intemet, gallery, bao tang, dl gidi thieu cac tic
phim nghe thuat cua minh.
Mdi ban tam ldn nhat cua hg l i viec cic khdng gian ca nhan va cdng edng mau thuin cung nhu the hien vai trd cua minh trong sy phit triln cua cic nhdm van hda nhd v i van hda dai ehung ra sao. Nu nghe si Tiffany Chung (sinh nam
1969), que gdc d Da Ning, ngy cu d My tQ nhd va mdi vl lai TP.HCM sinh sdng. T Chung cd rat nhilu dy an nghe thuat duong trien lam trong va ngoai Viet Nam. Mdl ban tam ldn nhai trong nghe thuat cua cd la nhimg tic ddng da chilu cua sy phit triln kinh tl, dd thi hda v i van hda tieu dung din mdi trudng sd'ng va van hda ban dia. Tai SB 2011, cd gidi thieu mdt tic pham nghe thuat sip dat mdi cd ten Trong mpt chiec binh: gio mda, cd diet, mdu nudc vd mpt the gidi noi, de cap de'n mdt tuong Iai sinh thii day bap benh. Nghe si cdn lai la Vd Danh (Danh Vo, sinh nam 1975, que gd'c d Bi Ria) ndi tie'ng t h i gidi, hien sd'ng vi lam viec d Berlin, Bangkok.
Anh la nghe si ndi bat trong bd suu tap nghe thuat cua Ngan hing Trung uong DQc (Deutsch Bank). Anh la nghe si quan tam dac biet de'n cac vat the, du loai trong ddi sd'ng ca nhan con ngudi va tim each lien ddi chung vdi nghe thuat va cdng ddng. Den SB 2011, anh cung cdng su Leonor Antunes mang theo hang tram ta'm ngdi Igp dugc lam thu cdng bing dat set d tan Brasil.
ChQng dugc xep thanh hmh nhu cac bip dui eua nd le xua.
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NGHE THUAT RON PHLfONG Tic phim sip dat nay ggi len
nhQng phong trio lich su trong tiln trinh phat trien eua nhan loai vi hang hda cung nhu ggi da'u in cua co the con ngudi da gdp phin kiln tao nen the gidi hien tai ra sao...
Viee cic nghe si Viet Nam (dung hon li den tQ Viet Nam, bdi trong dd ed ca nhung nghe si ngudi nudc ngoai hoac ngudi Viet Nam sdng d nudc ngoai) dugc mdi tham gia SB, mdi ky mdi khic, eho thay ro tilm nang nghe thuat duong dai eua Viet Nam tren ca phuang dien ca nhan, cae nhdm nghe si ddc lap, cung nhu tilm nang kit ndi nghe si lai thinh mdt edng ddng nghe thuat da dang vi gin bd vdi nhau. Nhin lai, chung ta se tha'y mdt dieu dae biet d Viet Nam: nghe si nghe thuat duong dai rat da dang vl ngudn gdc xuit than, ddng miu, xuit phat dilm lam nghe thuat (bao gdm hoc van, trai nghiem lao ddng nghe thuat d tim mQc qud'c te). Song song vdi dd Ii sy xuit hien cua cic ca nhan nghe si gd'c Viet dinh cu d nudc ngoii dugc danh gii eao vl tai nang. Kha nang kei hgp nhQng con ngQdi niy lai thanh mdt cdng ddng nghe thuat duong dai giau nang Iugng sing tao mang ten Viet Nam hoan toan dl ngd.
Thyc tiln trong nude, nghe thuat duong dai da timg bude dugc chu y khdng chi bdi du luan truyin thdng, cdng ehung ma edn eua cic cip cae nganh quan Iy van hda. Nhin theo
qua trinh, chung ta se thiy cac budc tien trien cua nd nhu sau:
Diu tien, la hoat ddng ty phat cua nghe si, khdng duge gidi chQc van hda thQa nhan thdng qua hinh thQc cip phep trien lam. Tie'p dd, nghe si dugc ung hd va giup dd tai chfnh tu cic trung tam hoac quy hd trg van hda nudc ngoii d Ha Ndi nhu cua Phip, DQc, Anh, Dan Maeh. Sau nQa, gidi chQc van hda din thay ddi quan dilm vdi khdi diu chfnh thQc la thQ nghiem dua nghe thuat sip dat vao nhu mgt thinh phan cua Trien lam dieu khic dinh ky 10 nam, nam 2003, sau dd la festival My thuat tre nam 2007 tai Dai hgc My thuat Ha Ngi (nay la DHMTVN) du dudi danh nghia do Hdi My thuat TP.HCM dQng ra td chQe. Tie'p din, cac triln lam do CLB Hga si tre - Hdi My thuat Viet Nam vdi triln lam trong thing 3-2010, cd them nhilu tac pham sip dat, trinh diln, video art. Song hinh vdi sy thay ddi quan dilm vi hinh ddng dd la viec cap phep eho cic md hinh trien lam khong phdi dan thudn tranh, tugng ngay eing nhilu hon. Trong nam 2011 nay, Cyc My thuat - Nhiep anh, Bd VHTTDL se tryc tie'p td chQc mdt trien lam my thuat tre, khuyen khfch vi tao dilu kien cho cic nghe si tham gia vdi nhimg hinh thQe nghe thuat duong dai. Sy thay ddi niy, nhin toin eye, li mdt tac ddng tich eye cho nghe thuat duong dai Viet Nam, cho du nd ludn di sau nhung van
ddng, tiln trien cua nghe thuat cung nhu ude vgng vl bdi canh hoat ddng nghe thuat cua nghe si ndi chung.
Trd lai vdi SB, day khdng phai la mdt dinh chi nghe thuat cQng nhie va duy nhat trong khu vyc nhung la mdt tham khao hit sQc can thiet cho nghe si nghe thuat duong dai Viet Nam ndi rieng, gidi chQc van hda Viet Nam ndi chung trong viec thay ddi quan niem ve hinh thQc nghe thuat nay. Diing coi nghe thuat duong dai la mdt thQ thach trong viec ngim nhin, cam nhan, kiem duyet ma la mdt co hdi, mdt cinh cua dl Viet Nam hdi nhap sau rdng hon vdi khu vyc, chau lyc, thi gidi. SB va hau hit cac biennale tren the gidi dlu khdng chi don thuin la nghe thuat ma cdn la mdt ngudn lgi huu hinh cho kinh te' du lich lau dii ddng thdi thiic day viee chu ddng nang cao dang cap dich vy van hda cho nudc chii nha •
D.M.T
1, 2. Biennale, nguyfin g6'c la tif tie'ng Italia, co nghTa dinh ky 2 nam.
Nam 1895, nudc nay to chiic mot trien lam nghe thuat mang tSm c5 quoc te, vdi ke' hoach thucmg ky 2 nam tai Venice, lay ten la Venice Biennale. Ke tir do ve sau, each siJr dung nay duoe phd cap tren loan the gi6i, VI du Sao Paulo Biennale (Brasil), Gwangju Biennale (Han Qu6c), Shanghai biennale (Trung Quoc),... Tham khao them thdng tin ve SB 2006 va 2008 tai website chfnh thu:c: www.singaporebiennale.org.
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o sd 322 Thang 4-2011
