"yUiU eat ttxixf titc^ TUAN LE QUOC GIA VE AT-VSLB, PCCN LAN THOXV
TRACH NHIEM CUA CAC CAP CONG DOAN TRONG VIEC XAY DUMG VAN HOA PHONG NGUfA TNLD,
DNN, PCCN Of DOANH NGHIEP
NGUYfiN TRUNG SON Ph6 trudng Ban Chinh sich - Phip luit Tong LDL DVN
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am 2012, Tuan le qudc gia ve AT-VSLD, PCCN da lay chu de "Xay cfutjg van iioa phong ngi^ tai nan lao dgng, benh nghe nghiep ia trach nhiem va quyen iai cua doanh nghiep va ngu&i iao dgng", mot van de khdng mdi d cie nude phit tnen, nhung lai la mot van de mdi d Viet Nam,Tha'y dupc tam quan trpng ciJa van h o i phdng ngUa tai nan lao ddng va benh nghe nghiep, vdi trich nhiem cDa minh ddi vdi sde khoe v i tinh mang eua ngudi lao ddng trong ca nudc, Doin Chu tich Tong LDLOVN da quyet dinh td chUe hdi thao ban ve Vai tro cua Cong doan cd sd trong xay difng van hoa phong ngifa TNLD, BNN d ca sd". Qua dd chi dao, hudng d i n cac cap cdng doan then khai boat ddng xay dung van hoi AT- VSLO ndi chung va van boa phdng ngUa TNLD, BNN ndi rieng d cic co sd thude c i c dia phuong, nganh
Qua cic y kie'n trao ddi tai hdi thao eOng nhu nhung ket luan cua hdi thao, nhieu dja phuang, nganh da tie'n hinh thi diem vi§c xay dyng van hoi an toin d eic co sd, De giup eic co sd, nganh, dja phuong trong vide x i y dung van hoi an toan, bai viet nay mudn ndu mdt sd diem can phai luu y, tham khao khi thuc hien viee xay dung van hoi an loan ve sinh lao ddng
Thii nhat, phai hieu van hoa an toan, van hoi phdng ngUa TNLO, BNN la gi, npi dung v i ban chi't eua nd. De thyc hien viee xay dyng van hoi phdng ngUa TNLD, BNN d doanh nghidp, viec dau tien he't syc quan trpng la phai hieu khai mem "Van hoa, van hoa phdng ngda TNLO, BNN" la gi? Ndi dung va tinh chi't cua nd ra sao? Trich nhidm cOa cae thanh vien trong cdng ddng van boa nhu Ihg nao?
Theo each hidu truyen thdng lau nay cQa cac danh nhSn, hpc gia, cac td chUc, Van hoa l i khai nidm mang ndi ham rat rdng vdi ri't nhieu each hieu khae nhau, lien quan de'n mpi mat ddi sdng vat chat va tinh than eua eon ngudi vi viy cd rat nhieu cieh hiiu khac nhau.
Cho de'n nay, v i n chua ed dupe mdt dinh nghTa chung ve van h o i Tuy nhien v i n cd the tham khao mpt sd dinh nghTa de cd the hieu rd van h o i la gdm nhdng oil gi.
Theo dinh nghTa nam 2002 cua UNESCO thi "Van hoa nen dupc tiep can nhu la mdt tap hpp cua nbUng die trung ve tam hon, vat chat, tri thUc va xuc cam cua mdt xa hdi hay cija mdt nhdm ngudi trong xa hdi va no chya dung ngoai van hpc va nghe thuat, ca each sdng, phuong thyc chung song, he thong gia tri, truyen thdng va dye tin".
Theo Hd Chi IVIinh, "Van hoa la sy tong hpp cua mpi phuong thUc smh boat cung vdi bieu hien cua nd ma loai ngudi da san sinh ra nham thich dng nhung nhu eau cua ddi sdng van hoa va sinh tdn".
Nhu vay, van boa khong chl bao gdm tinh than ma cdn cd ca gia tri vat cha't,
Mdt each hieu khac. Van hoi la cieh sdng bao gom phong cieh am thyc, trang phuc, cu xd v i ca dUc tin, tri thyc dupc tie'p nhan.
Thif hai, phai lay con nguai lam trong tam. Con nguPi cd kha nang hinh thanh van hoa va vdi tu each thanh vien ciJa mdt xa hdi, eon ngudi tiep thu van hoi, bao tdn nd ddng thdi tmyen dat nd tU the he n i y sang the he khic, Viee cd chung van hoa giup x i c dinh nhdm ngudi hay xa hdi ma eic ca the la thanh vien. Van hoa bao gdm tat ca nhdng gi lam cho dan tde nay khic dan toe kia. Khi ndi den van h o i , ngudi ta cdn dua ra khai niem van hoa nhdm.
Van hoi nhdm la he thdng eic g i i trj, cac quan mem, duoc hinh thanh trong mdt nhdm ngudi Van h o i nhdm duac hinh thanh tU khi quan he trong nhdm dupe thiet lap va cung vdi thdi gian quy che duoc thiet lap, cac thdng tin duoc trao doi v i cac thanh vien cung trai qua cac su kien.
Moi nhdm ngudi deu cd van h o i rieng cua minh, nhung ddng thdi cung la mot phan cua nen van hoi toin xa hdi, hay ndi each k"hac, ben eanh van hoa chung, mdi nhdm ngudi edn cd nhdng van h o i neng, vf du' Van hoa doanh nghiep cOa ca xa hdi v i van h o i doanh nghiep cija mdt
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miet tat &u^»if tif*tf TUAN LE QUOC CIA VE AT-VSLD, PCCN LAN THLf XV
tap doin, mdt tdchdc,
Thirba, phai thay ro tr^ch nhiem x i y dyng van hoi an loan, phdng ngda TNLD va BNN la trich nhidm eua c i 3 ben ddi tic trong nen kinh td la: Chfnh phCi - Ngudi sd dyng lao ddng va dai didn cua ngudi lao ddng.
Trong ITnh vyc lao ddng, tao ra didu kien lim vide an toin, vd sinh nham ngan ngUa tai nan, BNN, b i o vd, cham sdc syc khoe cho ngudi lao ddng, d i e biet trong thdi ki CNH, HDH dat nude dat ra nhUng thich thyc mdi, ddi hoi mdi ve dam bao AT-VSLD cOng dupc dat ra ddi vdi mdt chfnh phu, NSDLD va NLD, dd la phai xiy dung van hoi an toan, van hoi phdng ngda TNLD va BNN trong co sd lao ddng.
Tinh hinh TNLD, BNN trong nhdng nam gan day nhin td nguydn nhSn d i n ddn tai nan, BNN eho thi'y cd den gan 80% sd vu TNLD ehd't ngudi v i tinh trang sUe khoe NLD giam sut, sd ngudi mac BNN tang deu xuat phit td nhyng hanh vi yng xd cua NLD v i NSDLD, chinh dieu nay ddi hdi sy can thiet xiy dung van hoi an toin, van hoa phdng ngya TNLD va BNN trong doanh nghiep la het syc can thidt. Vay van hoa an toan l i gi? Theo kel luan cua Hdi nghi lao ddng Quoc te to chyc vao thing 6 nam 2003, Van hoi phdng ngda trong ITnh vuc AT-VSLO mang tam qudc gia, la mdt van hoa trong dd quyen cua NLD dupe cd mdi trudng lam viec an toan va ve sinh duoc tat ca cac ben tdn trong. Dd la van hoi trong dd cac Chfnh phCi, nhdng ngudi SLf dung lao ddng va ngudi lao ddng tham gia tfch eye v i o viec bao dam mdt mdi trudng lam viee an l o i n v i ve sinh thdng qua mdt he thdng vdi cic quyen, trich nhiem va bdn phan dupe xic dinh la van h o i trong dd nguyen tac phdng ngUa dupc dat vao vi tri uu tien hang dau
Van hoa an toan, qua each trinh bay d tren chinh la van hoa phdng ngUa TNLO, BNN. Vi chinh viec thuc hien cic bien phip phdng ngda (da dang, tdng hpp) trong hoat ddng lao ddng gdp phan quyet djnh viec cd dd xay ra sy cd, TNLD, BNN hay khdng.
Cung nhu van hda ndi chung, van hoi an toin - vd sinh mang tinh phdng ngda la mdt tap hpp eua nhung dac trung ve cieh sdng bao gom phong cieh t i c phong, trang phyc, eu xd cua mdt nhdm ngudi lien quan mat thiet vdi nhau va ciing tham gia v i o q u i trinh lao ddng de tao ra cic sin pham vat chat v i tinh than cho xa hdi ndi chung va nhdm ngudi dd ndi rieng.
Nhu vay, xay dung van hoa an toan trong lao dong hay van hoa phdng ngda TNLD, BNN chinh la xSy dyng cac ndi dung phai thyc hidn de d i m bao an toan, phdng ehdng TNLO, BNN, PCCN; xay dyng y thyc, tac phong thdi quen lim viec an toan; x i y dyng eic quy tac, cac chudn mue Ung xd cda cie thanh vidn lien quan v i tham gia qua
12 BAO HO LAO DONG 3/2013
trinh lao ddng san xui't ddi vdi cae van de quy djnh nham b i o d i m an toin vd sinh lao ddng.
Dd xSy dyng v i hinh thanh dupe van hoa an toan - ve sinh mang tinh phdng ngUa, ngoai viec ddi hdi can phii t i n dung tat c i c i e phuang ti6n s§n cd nham ning cao nhUng hidu bidt, kidn thyc va nhan thyc ehung ve nhdng khai nidm vd c i e nguy co, rui ro cung nhu cieh phdng ngUa v i kiem soit ctiung, edn phai ning eao nhan thUc ve mat luit phap, ehinh sach trong ITnh vyc AT-VSLD cho NSDLD, NLD va cac nhin vien chfnh phu, nham lim cho ho thi'y dupc trach nhiem ciJa minh trong viee hinh thinh, thyc hidn va phit then van h o i an loan trdn cuong vi cDa minh, hay ndi cieh khic la lam cho hp thyc hidn tdt trach nhidm va quyen eua minh trong edng t i e bao dam ATVSLD.
L i ngudi dai dien de bao ve, cham sdc sUc khoe cho ngudi lao ddng trong qua trinh lao ddng san xuat d DN, td chdc cdng doan Vidt Nam khang dmh "Cdng vide an toan (trdn nhieu nghTa, nhieu pham vi trong dd ed van de vg DKLV an toin) cho ngucn lao ddng khdng chi l i mdt chinh sach kmh te ma edn l i quyen eo ban cua eon nguOi" chinh vi viy, tat ca moi ngudi la chfnh phiJ hay NSDLD, NLD deu phai ed traeh nhiem v i nghTa vu trong viee bao dam AT- VSLD, khdng de xay ra TNLO, BNN thdng qua viflc xay dyng van hoa phdng ngya TNLD. BNN la het syc ean thiet, can su ddng tam hiep luc cua eie doi tic, trong dd Cflng doan cosd (ngudi dai dien cua NLD) cd vai trd het sdc quan trpng trong viec thuc day hinh thanh, xay dung va thyc hien lot VHAT d DN Van de la de thuc hien tdt chdc nang nhi§m vu cua minh, Cdng doan cd sdcan phai lam gi, lam nhuth^
n i o dd thue hien viec tang cudng xay dung va thuc hidn Van hda an toan trong giai doan hidn nay?
Qua 1 nam thyc hien xay dyng van hoa phdng ngtra TNLD, BNN theo chu de phit ddng cda Tuan le Qudc gia lan thy 14 nam 2012, thuc te eho tha'y, mac du cic cap cdng doan da ed nhieu bien phap nham thuc day viee xay dung van boa an toan trong CNVC-LO, tuy nhien kdt qua dat dupe cdn rat khiem tdn. So dia phuong, nginh trien khai thyc hidn chua dupe nhieu va chu yeu Idng ghdp vdi xay dung van hoa doanh nghidp. 6 nhiSu dia phuang, nganh mdi bat dau tim hieu, nghidn cUu den van de xay dung van h o i an toan trong cac doanh nghiep, eo sd lao ddng tren dia ban va trong pham vi nginh. 6 eac DN, van de xay dung van hoa an toan thuc hien chCi yeu t i p trung d cac doanh nghidp dau tu nudc ngoai, chua mang tfnh phd bien,
Nguydn nhan cDa tinh trang tren cd nhieu, tuy nhien nguyen nhin chfnh chu yeu la do NSDLO, NLD, can bfl Cdng doan eo sd chua nhan thdc day du ve tam quan (Xem tiep frang J5J
'Mat tiU ^u^^ u^H^ TUAN LE QUOC GIA VE AT-VSLD, PCCN LAN THLf XV
qui trinh, bidn phip lam viee dam bao an toin v i sdc khoe eho NLD, dac bidt trong Ihdi gian phat dpng Tuan le Quoc gia;
- Trude v i trong thdi gian td chdc Tuan le Qudc gia, can tang cudng thdng tin, luyen truyen tren eie phuong tien thdng tin dai ehung d Trung uong v i dja phuong (bao, dii phit thanh va truyen hinh, ban tin, trang web dien td .), dac biet day manh tuyen tnjyen tren cac kenh cCia Dai truyen hinh Vidt Nam, D i i tieng ndi Viet Nam; ting cudng xay dung va phat sdng eic chuyen mue thudng xuyen va c i e phim chuydn de, phd bidn kien IhUc ve AT-VSLD, PCCN, eie bien phip giam thieu TNLD, BNN .,.
- Td ehdc eic hinh thyc thdng tin, tuyen truyen luu ddng, treo d i n bang rdn, khau hieu, pa nd, i p phich, phit td roi, sich, bao. tren cae tuyen phd chinh, cac khu cdng nghiep, cac lang nghe va xudng tan cae xa, thdn, ban de cd ddng, tuyen truyen va tao phong trao, khi the sdi noi hudng dng Tuan Id Qud'c gia den ddng dao cic tang ldp nhan dan va NLD.
Ddi vdi cic doanh nghiep phai chD ddng xay dyng ehuong trinh hinh ddng, c i c bien phap cai thien dieu kien lim viec; cie bien phap ATLD, PCCN;
-Day manh cie hoat ddng thong tin, tuyen truyen ve AT-VSLD, phit ddng NLD trong don vi tham gia eic hoat ddng hudng Ung Tuan l§ Qud'c gia.
- Ting cudng kiem tra, ty kiem tra v i nhac nhd NLD tuan thu cic qui dinh ve AT-VSLD, PCCN, khac phue eic nguy co gay mat an toin, de doa tinh mang v i syc khoe NLD, khdng de xay ra TNLD, chiy no trong thdi gian dien ra Tuan 1^ qud'c gia
Cd the ndi viec phit ddng Tuan Id Qude gia ve AT-VSLD, PCCN trong 14 nam qua gdp phan tuyen truyen sau rpng edng t i e AT-VSLO de'n vdi NLD va NSDLD, ndng cao y thdc ty giac thue hien cdng tac BHLD. TU thdng diep eCia chu de c i c Tuan Id Qudc gia ve AT-VSLD, PCCN hang nam d i kip thdi tuyen truyen, phd bie'n giup c i c doanh nghidp va NLD tuan IhCi thue hien cic quy djnh cOa phap luit ve BHLD . Tuan le Qudc gia ve AT-VSLD, PCCN se la dip tang eudng nhieu boat ddng ve cdng ticATLD, BNN, cham sde sde khde cho NLD, hudng tdi muc tieu x i y dung van hda doanh nghiep, van hda phdng ngda TNLO, PCCN... Cung vdi Chuong trinh Qude gia ve AT- VSLO, PCCN giai doan 2011- 2015, boat ddng eua Tuan I I Qudc gia ve AT-VSLO- PCCN, mdt lan nda khang djnh quyet tam eCia Chinh phu nham kiem soit va tUng bude giam thieu TNLD, BNN eai thidn DKLV eho NLD trong ea n u d c Q
T R A C H N H I E M C U A . . . aiep theo trang 12) trong, len ich cua van hoi an loan, van hoa phOng ngda TNLD, BNN dua lai, eung nhu ehua hidu rd ban cha't cua van hoi an toin l i gi eho nen ehua xac dinh dupe ndi dung thuc hien eung nhu cac quy tac, chuan myc yng xd do dd cdn loay hoay ehua biet xay dung van hoi an loan td dau
Kinh nghiem xay dyng van hoi an toan d doanh nghiep eua mdt sd don vi da tndn khai thyc hien cho thi'y: Qua khai mem, npi dung, tfnh chat va thanh phan quye't djnh eua van hoa an toan, cd the thay, y thyc va nhan thyc cua NLD, NSDLD trong doanh nghiep cd vai trd het sdc quan trpng trong viee xdy dyng thanh cdng hay khdng van hoi an toan, hay ndi cieh khic, van hoi phdng ngya TNLD, BNN.
Mpt trong nhyng boat ddng ed tam quan trpng va quyet dinh de nang eao nhan thue, y thyc, trinh dd hieu biet cua NSDLD, NLD, dd la cdng t i e thdng tin, tuyen truyen, hua'n luyen va dao tao. Lam tdt cdng tac thdng tin, tuyen truyen chinh la bien phap tot nha't de mpi ngudi ed the tid'p can, cap nhat thdng
• tin trong ITnh vyc AT-VSLD, giup hp hieu biet ve dudng ldi chu truong, chinh sach eua Dang, Nha nude trong ITnh vuc AT-VSLD;
nang cao nhan thdc, y thdc chip hanh phap luat, che dd chinh sich cho mpi ngudi de tU dd xac dinh dupc hanh vi, each yng xd cua minh trong van de AT-VSLO.
La mot van de mdi, vi vay, de lam tot hon nda nhiem vu va trach nhiem cua cac cap cong doan trong viee tang cuOng xay dung van hda an toan, van hoa phdng ngda TNLD, BNN d cic CO sd, lam tdt hon nda nhiem vu tuyen truyen phd bien, hudng dan va van ddng cac DN xay dung van hoa phdng ngda TNLO, BNN, PCCN trong CNVC-LO, chu sd dung lao dong, cac cap cdng doan can phai:
ThU nhat, nam vyng mdi quan he cija van hoi an toan vdi van hoa doanh nghiep, vdi phat trien ben vdng cua doanh nghiep, Xa hdi. Nhdng van de dat ra can giai quye't trong viec xay dung van hoa an toin va van hoi phdng ngUa TNLD, BNN d doanh nghiep.
Thif hai, giup nganh, dia phuong, co sd xay dyng duoc Npi dung eua van hoi an toan d eic don vi trong pham vi quan li tren co sd dac diem chung va dae diem rieng cua nganh nghe, NLD, NSDLD; xay dung bang duoc eie ehi tieu dinh g i i Van hda an loan cua mot DN; cie quy tac, ehuan mue Ung xd ddi vdi cic van de eua van hoi AT-VSLD trong doanh nghiep Thirba, X i c dinh rd vai trd tien phong, dau tau cua to ehdc CDCS trong viee xay dyng Van hoi an toan Cdng doan co sd phai l i m tdt edng t i e tuyen tmyen trong CNVC- LD, tham gia lieh cue vdi chuyen mdn trong viec xay dung van hoi an toin, van hoi phdng ngda TNLO, BNN va PCCN; v i n ddng CNVC- LD tham gia tich cue, ed hieu qua vao x i y dyng va thue hien van hoi an toan d doanh nghidp, co sd lao ddng.G
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