NGHIEN CLTU

HOI NGHI C O N T R O N G HQC QU6C GIA L A N T H D ' 7 - HA NQl 2011

NGHIEN CLTU V^ SAU ei^C TRAI CA TIM Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee TAI T R A N G B O M T I N H D 6 N G NAI

Nguyin Thj Chat Trieang Dai hoc Nong Ldm Tp. Ho Chi Minh

Vu v a n Hang Truang Bai hoc Ldm nghiep Vi$t Nam

MOfiAU

Ca tim {Solanum melongena L.) Ia loai cay rau qua co gia tri dinh du6ng (Hazra va ctv., 2003). Ca tim dung lam thuoc Igfi tieu, thong mach va de phong chimg vGa dOng [ m^ch, bfnh tieu duang, dieu trj chihig vi6m khop, lam giam cholesterol trong mau (Khan, 1979; Silva va ctv., 1999). Do do, ca tim ducrc su dung trong am thuc cua nhieu quoc gia tren the gioi va a Viet Nam.

d nuoc ta, cay c^ tim dugfC trong kha ph6 biSn, hi?u qua dem lai tir vifc trong ca tim kha cao, 1 ha trung binh cho n^ng sudt khoang 50 - 60 tin, thu tir 100 - 150 trifu/ha/vu. Trong nhiing nSm ghn day ca tim dugc trfing kha ph6 biln. Tai tinh D6ng Nai, ca tim dugc trong t^p trung chu ylu cac huyfn nhu Trang Bom, Th6ng Nhdt, Xuan Lpc va la loai cay trong co cau chuyen djch cay trong, chiem uu thS trong difn tich trfing cac loai rau an qui. Dilu kifn tyr nhien cac tinh phia Nam thuan lgi cho vifc trong ca tira. Tuy vay, ca tim bj nhieu loai sau bfnh nguy hiem pha hai lam giam nSng suat va pham chat ca tim, trong do sau dye dgt, due qua la doi tugng gay hai nghiem trgng nhat.

Bai bao nay cung cip kit qu^ nghiSn cihi vl sau due trai ca tim Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee - mgt d6i tugng gay hai nguy hiem trfin c^ tim tai tinh Dfing Nai.

VAT LIEU VA PHlTONG PHAP NGHIEN CUtJ

Dac diem sinh hgc cua sau d\ic trai ca tim L. orbonalis dugc khao sat theo phucmg phap Borror, De Long (1981). Thu mlu Su triing ngoai dong tai Trang Bom (Dong Nai) trong vu dong xuan 2008 - 2009, tao ngufin ban dau. Khi thanh triing bit dau vu hoa tien hanh thu timg cap thanh trimg vii hoa ciing ngay, nufii rieng bang mat ong 10%.

Khi thanh trung de tning, thu tnhig de ciing ngay mang theo dfii. Khi tnmg nd thu iu triing no ciing ngay mang nuoi rieng re bing trai ca tira va theo doi den khi au triing lam nhfng. Thu nhgng hinh thanh ciing ngay mang theo doi tiep tuc. So cSp thanh trung, nhgng theo doi 20 - 30 cap, so au triing theo doi 50 - 60, so tning theo doi: 300 tning.

Chi tieu theo doi la thdi gian phat trien moi pha, moi giai doan phat trien cua sau dye trai ca tim, mau sac va kich thu6c cua cac pha phat trien, ty If hoan thanh phat trifin cua cac pha ciia sSu dye tr^ ca tim. Cac chi tieu nay dugc quan sat hang ngay.

Dieu tra miic dg gay h^i cua sau dye trai ca tim L. orbonalis dugc tien hanh tai 3 viifin cfi dinh tai xa Thanh Binh, Sfing Thao va Cay Gao (huyfn Trang Bom). Cac vuon dieu tra nay trfing cung mgt giong, moi vuon co difn tich it nhit 1000 m^. Dilu tra theo 425

HQI NGHI CON T R C I N G HQC QUOC GIA L A N T H I > 7 - H A NQI 2011

phucmg phap 5 iiim phan b6 deu tren 1 hang, tinh tijn khong lap lai, moi diSm diSu tra 3 cay. Theo dOi toan bp so trai va toan bp s6 dpt non tren cay. TiSn hinh dieu tra 5 ngay 1 lln. DiSu tra lien tilp trong 1 vu trdng ca tim (tit 15/12/2008 iin 7/7/2009). Di6u tra lin cu6i tien hanh tntoc khi thu hoach huy bo 1 tuin.

Chi tieu theo doi la mat dp sau d\ic trai (con/cay) va ty le dpt/trii bi hjii. Cac chi tiSu nay dupe tinh nhu sau:

MDS (con/cay) = D so sau hai tren cac cay diSu tra/J] s6 cSy diju tra Ty le dpt/trai bi hai (TLH) (%) = [ Es6 dpt (trai) bj hai)/^ s6 dpt (ttai) dieu tra) ] x 100 KfiT QUA VA THAO LUAN

Mu-c d$ gSy hai ciia sau due trai c^ tim L. orbonalis

Theo doi su phat sinh, phat trien ciia sliu due trai ca tim L. orbonalis tren cay ca tim tai 3 xa thupc huyen Trang Bom, tinh D6ng Nai, tir 15/12/2008 den 7/7/2009.

Tai xa Thanh Binh, ghi nhan thay sau trai ca tim bat dau xudt hi^n tren dpt ca tim tir 20 ngay sau khi tr6ng (NST) voi mat dp thdp 0,07 con/cSy, ty le dpt bi hai 2,38%. Giai doan tit 20 - 30 NST sau chi gay hai tren dpt ca, dua ty le dpt bj hai len 2,38 - 3,7%

(hinh 1).

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Hinh I. Muc dp gdy hgi ciia sdu diic trdi Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee Iren cd lim tgi xd Thanh Binh, Trdng Bom - Bong Nai, ndm 2009 Giai doan 30 - 95 ngay sau trdng, cay ca tim phan canh manh, hoa va trai xudt hien nhiSu, ty le dot bi hai it biSt dpng (1,43 - 3,01%) nhung ty lp trai bi h?ii va mat d6 sau hai gia tSng. Trai ca tim bi hai tit giai do?n 35 NST. Trong giai doan 35 - 65 NST ty 1?

trai bi hai gia tang, trong do PK 1? trai bi hai 14 40 - 45 NST (5,71 - 5,26%) va dSn 55 - 60 NST ty le trai W hai la 6,35 - 6,415%. Giai doan c4 tim 65 NST ty lp trai bi hai giam 426

. . ^ HQI NGHI CON TRUNG HQC QUQC GIA LAN TH1> 7 - HA NQI 2011

. xu6ng chi con 3,45%, sau giai doan nay ty le trai bi hai gia tang li?n tuc din 95 NST J (hinhl).

Giai doan 100 - 150 NST, sau dye trai gay hai ngay mpt gia tSng, ty le dpt bi hai, ,, aii bi hsii va mat so sau hai/cay cao nhit, trong do giai doan 125 - 130 NST bi sau due ' trai ca tim gSy hai nang nhit. Trong thai diSm nay ty if dpt bi hai 6,62 - 7,14%, ty lp tr4i bi hai len tdi 27,34 - 29,79% va mat dp sau len 4,67 - 5,07 con/cly. Day co thi la giai do^ cay ca c6 nhieu trdi va trai chiia nhieu chat dinh duong nhit, thuan lpi cho sdu hai I phat trien. Giai doan 155 NST din culi vu (180 ngay sau tring), miic dp gay hai cia sau

due ttai giam di. Ty le dpt, t^ 1$ tiai bi hji va mat dp sau hai giam xuing (hinh 1).

Tai xa Song Thao, ghi nhan sdu due trai ca tim bit diu xuit hipn tit 25 ngay sau tring v6i mat dp trung binh 0,07 con/cay, ty le dpt bi hai 1,89%. Giai doan 30 ngay sau tring moi ghi nhdn dupe sdu trai gdy hai tren trai. Ty le trai bi hji con thip (4,55%) i (hinh 2).

Giai doan 35 - 85 NST sau due trai gdy hai chua cao, ty le dpt bi hai biln dpng tir ' 1,54 - 4,19%, ty le trai bi hai 2,38 - 6,67%, mat dp 0,2 - 1,13 con/cay. Giai doan tit 90 - ' 165 NST sau due trai gdy hai nSng cho cdy ca tim, trong do gay hai n5ng nhat la giai

• doan 110 - 115 NST. T^ii ddy ty 1? dpt bi hai len 6,67 - 7,67%, ty lp trai bi h^i 27,81 - 30,46% va mat d6 sau hai 4,48 - 5,47con/cay. Ttr 120 - 165 NST mirc do gay hji ciia sau d(ic trai ttr tir giam xuing. Mirc d$ gay hai ciia chung giam nhanh hon tit giai doan 170 NST din culi vy (hinh 2).

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Hinh 2. Muc dQ gdy hai cua sdu due trdi Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee tren cdy cd tim tgi xd Song Thao, Trdng Bom - Ddng Nai, ndm 2009

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HQI NGHI C O N TRCING HOC QUQC GIA LAN THLf 7 - HA NQI 2011

Tai xd Cay Gao, ghi nhdn sau due trai ca tim bit diu xuat hipn vd gay hai trSn dpt til 30 ngay sau khi tring vdi mat dp 0,07 con/cdy va bat diu gdy hai tren trai tir giai dojn 40 NST. Ty le trai bi hai 3,03%. Giai do?n 45 - 85 NST sau due trai gay hai khong nang. 0 giai do?n nay mat dp sau dye ttai dao dpng 0,27 -1,53 con/cay, ty le dpt bi hai bien d$ng 2,16 - 3,29% va ty le trai W h?i 2,50 - 7,79% (hinh 3).

Giai doan 45 - 85 NST sau dye dpt, dye trai gdy h?u khong nang. 0 giai doan niy mat dp sau due dpt, due trai dao dpng 0,27 - 1,53 con/cay, ty lp dpt W hai bien dpng 2,i6 - 3,29% va ty le trai W hai 2,50 - 7,79%.

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Hinh 3. Mirc dp gdy hgi cua sdu due trdi Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee tren cd tim tgi xd Cdy Gdo, Trdng Bom - Ddng Nai, ndm 2009

Giai doan tit 90 - 145 NST mirc dp gay hai cua sdu due trai ca tim gia tang va gay hai rit ndng, trong do giai doan 110 - 115 NST bi gdy hai ndng nhit. Tai th6i diem nJy ty 1? dot bi hai len toi 6,10 - 6,93%, ty le trai bi hai len 27,27 - 29,09% va mat so sdu 4,8 - 5,2 con/cdy. Tit giai dpan 120 - 145 NST mure dp gdy hai cua sau dye trai giam xuong va gidm din din din 170 NST. Trong thcri gian dai 125-165 NST t^ lp trai bi hji biin dpng 13,82 - 17,57%. Sau giai doan 170 NST ty le trai bi hji giam xuong con 11,36%

(hinh 3).

Nhu vdy, tren 3 diem quan sat, sau dye trai ca tim bit diu xuit hifn va gay hai tir 20 - 30 NST. Sau dye trai bit diu gay hai trai tir giai doan 30 - 40 NST. Sdu dye trdi gay hai nang tren cay ca tim tir giai doan 90 - 165 NST va gay h?ii nang nhit 6 giai doan tir 110-130 NST.

Dac diem sinh hpc sau dye trai cd tim Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee

Thanh trimg sdu dye trai ea tim Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee Id mot lodi ngai nh6 CO mau trdng xen ldn nhiing dom mau nau dam, phan bung mau ndu c6 phu lop phan tring. Chilu dai co the con cai biln dpng 9,6 - 12,3 mm, sai canh 19,9 - 25,2 mm, con 428

HQI NGHI C O N T R O N G HQC QUQC GIA LAN THLf 7 - HA NQI 2011

'I dye nho hon eon eai. Rau diu d?ng spi chi mau nau va eo phu lop phin trdng. Canh

> ttu6c hinh tam giac, dpe theo m?eh Costa co vpt mdu nau keo dai tdi dinh cdnh, tren i canh truoc co 3 vpt nau den, trong do 1 vlt glc eanh, 1 vet mep ngoai canh hinh trdng i non va 1 vet giO:a cdnh hinh ding hi cdt. Canh sau rpng va ngin hon cdnh truoc, co

dilm 2 chim den a giOa canh vd mep ngoai canh. Byng co 10 dit, dit culi nhpn ban so I voi cdc dit khae. Ba cdp chan gin giing nhau, c6 mau tring due xen lan vet mau ndu, . riSng dit ban chdn co mau trdng (hinh 4).

Tning dep, mau trdng siia, dupe de rai rac hoae thanh timg cym 4 - 1 5 tning xip hinh vay o mat duoi Id (hinh 4). Liic moi de tning eo mau vang nhat, sau 2 ngdy tning CO mau vang ndu, sau khi tning nor vo tning mdu xdm trdng.

Sdu non trdi qua 5 lin Ipt xac, co 6 tuii. Tuii 1 eo thi mdu vang nhat trpng suit, dau mau ndu den, to ban thdn, co thi phu nhieu 16ng to dai, cuoi bung c6 2 gai nho.

Tuii 2 CO thi mau vang nhat, trong suit, ddu mdu ndu vdng, dit ngyc truoc xuit hien 1 v?t mau ndu den, long to ddi trSn co the bien mat. Tuoi 3 ca the mau nau hdng, ddu mau nau den, vet ndu den tren dit ngyc trude lon din, eo the phan dit ro rang.

Hmh 4. Vdng ddi sdu di^tc dpi, due trdi cd tim Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee

a. ThSnh tnJng. b. Tn>ng, c. Au trung. d. K6n va nhOng 1, 2. 3,4, 5, 6: Au Irung tu6i 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

Tuii 4, CO the chuyin sang mdu ndu hing ddm, diu mau ndu, tren dinh ddu nhin ro ngan lot xae hinh chu "Y" ngupc, dit ngyc truoc c6 vgt den ndm ngang ro rpt, mii dot CO the xuit hifn nhilu chim mau nau. Tuii 5, co the chuyen sang mau nau vdng, giiia iimg CO 1 vet mdu xanh nhgt, dau mdu ndu dam, ngan lot xac hinh chir "Y" ro rang, dot 429

HQI NGHI CON T R O N G HOC QUOC GIA LAN THLf 7 - HA NQI 2011

ngyc tnrdc co vpt den ndm ngang r5 rpt. Tuii 6, co the co mdu nau d6 ddm, cuoi tu6i 6 CO thi mdp ra va ngin Iji, sau khi lot xdc iu triing nha to t?o ken vd hod nh^ng bSn trong (hinh 4). Ken mdu nau do, sang ngay thii 3 ken ehuyin sang mdu nau dam, sip vii hoa ken co mau ndu den.

Theo doi sy phat triln cia sdu dye trai trong dieu kien phong thi nghipm (nhift dp;

26 - 3 3 ^ va im dp: 80%) ghi nhdn vong ddi eiia ehiing keo dai 2 4 - 2 8 ngay, trung binh 25,3 + 0,92 ngdy, trong do giai dogn trirng keo ddi 5,07 + 0,25 ngdy, giai doan iu triing keo dai 10,70 ± 0,75 ngdy, giai doan nhpng 8,37 ± 0,49, giai dogn trudc de tning 1,17 ± 0,38 ngay (bang 1). Giai dogn iu trimg kto dai 10 - 12 ngay, trung binh 10,70 ± 0,75 ngdy, qua 5 lin Ipt xdc. Sau mii lin l$t xac mdu sdc iu trimg thay dii va kich thudc iu trimg ldn len, vd ddu ldn theo. Kieh thudc vd diu tuoi 2,3 gip 2 - 3 lan tuii 1, tir tuoi 4 trd len kich thudc vo diu ldn hon nhilu lan tuoi 1 (bang 2).

Sau khi vu hod trudng thdnh sau dye trai ed thdi gian dinh duong them khong lau, keo dai 1 - 2 ngay, thdi gian de tning keo ddi 2 - 4 ngay, trung binh 3,2 ± 0,63 ngay.

Khd nang de tning cua con cdi khd cao, tnmg binh mpt con cdi cd the de 249,5 ± 72,8 tning. Trong dilu kien phdng thi nghipm con cai de khong hit triing. Sau khi de con cii chi sing 1 - 2 ngdy (bang 1). Quan sdt miic dp phdt trien ciia sdu dye trai ca tim, ghi nhgn ty le tning nd cao (85,92 ± 12,17), ty If du trimg lam nhpng va ty If nhdng vu hoS diu rit cao (95,51 ± 0,47; 97,70 ± 0,70%), ty If dye cai la 47:53 (bang 3).

Bang 1. Vong doi ciia loai L. orbonalis Guenee (Trir&ng Dgi hpc Nong Lam Tp. H i Chi Minh, 2009)

Pha phdt di,ic Pha tn>ng Pha iu trung Pha nh$ng Giai doan tru.^c de tnJng Vong ddi

• Tho'i gian de tn>ng Tho'i gian sau de tnjng Tufii thp thanh tnJng cdi Tuoi tho thdnh trung di^c So iu'i^ng trij'ng de trung binh/con cdi S6 luvng tri>ng khdng de

Thdi gian phdt dvc (ngdy) ( ^ ± SD) 5.07 ± 0.25 10.70 ±0.75

8.37 ± 0,49 1,17 ±0,38 25,30 ± 0,92

3,2 ± 0,63 1,2 ±0,42 4.4 ± 0,70 2.4 ± 0,52 249,5 ± 72.77

19,2 ±36,23

Bi^n thiSn

5,0 - 6,0 1 0 - 1 2

8 - 9 1 - 2 24,0 - 28,0

2 - 4 1 - 2 3 - 5 2 - 3 8 7 - 3 4 2

0 - 1 1 6 Ohi chii: X: Gia tri ming binh; SD: Dp l?ch chuin; nhi?t dO quan sdt trong phong thi nghifm 26 - 33°C am do trung binh 80%.

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HQI NGHI C O N T R U N G HQC QUOC GIA L A N THIl' 7 - H A NQI 2011

Bang 2. Qua trinh phdt trien pha ^u triing ciia loai Leucinodes orbonalis

' T u i i l u trOng . Au Mng tudi 1

'AutKingtudi2 t 'Au tniing tuoi 3 1

'AutrCingtu6i4 1'

Au trCing tuoi 5

, Au tmng tu6i 6

Pha kw tnJng

1,70 ±0,47 ( 1 - 2 ) 1.63 ±0,38

( 1 - 2 ) 1.90 ±0,31

( 1 - 2 ) 1,77 ±0,43

( 1 - 2 ) 1.73 ±0,45

( 1 - 2 ) 1,77 ±0,43

( 1 - 2 ) 10.70 ±0.75

(10-12)

Kich thw5.c v6 ddu du trung (mm) C h i l u dal

0,31 ± 0,02 (0,28 - 0,32) 0,67 ± 0,04 (0,56 - 0,72) 0,99 ± 0,07 (0,88-1,16) 1,36 ±0,05 (1,24-1,4) 1,77 ±0,08 (1,56-1,88) 3,64 ±0,18 (3,36 - 3,92)

C h i l u r^ng 0,33 ± 0,03 0,28 - 0,36 0,68 ± 0,04

0,60-0,72 1,07 ±0.09 0,96-1,20 1,38 ±0,09 1,28-1,52 1,85 ±0,06 1,72-1,02 3,95 ±0,34 3,44 - 4,36

.

Chi chu: Nhfhig s6 trong ngo$c la biin thien.

Bang 3. Mirc d$ phdt triin cdc giai dosin cua Leucinodes orbonalis

Chi Udu theo dSi Ty 1$ tn>ng no (%) T914 ^u trOng hda nhQng (%) Tyljnh0ngv0h6a(%) TJ 1$ con cdi de tnJng (%) Tf 1$ Inrang Ihdnh dvc (%) Tfljtnrong thdnh cdi (%) TJi; hodn thdnh vdngdM

Gid trj t m n g binh 85,92 ±12,17

95,51 ± 0,47 97,70 ± 0,70 88,71 ±2,84 47,23 ±1,71 52,77 ±1,71

80,17

Ph^m vi b i l n dpng 62,09 - 96,64 95.14-96,03 96,95 - 98,35 85,45 - 90,80 45,28-48,51 51,49-54,72

SLTD 13

3 3 3 3 3 3 0*ic*ii.' SLTD: S6 lin theo d6i (n - 126 -172 cd Ihi).

Qua ket qua theo ddi sy phat trien ciia sau dye dpt, due trdi ca tim trong dieu kien ph6ng thi nghifm cho thay, ca tim Id lo?i thuc an ire thich cua leucinodes orbonalis Guenee va sS rdt thudn lpi eho sy phdt trien cua chiing.

KtTLUAN

Tai Trdng Bom - Ding Nai sdu due trai ca tim bit diu xudt hien va gay hai tir 20 - 30 ngay sau trdng, gdy hai trdi tir 30 - 40 ngay sau trdng, gdy hai ndng tren cay ca tim tir giai dosui 90-165 NST va ndng nhit d giai doan tfr 110 - 130 NST.

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HQI N G H I CON T R O N G HQC QUOC G I A LAN THCf 7 - HA NQI 2011

Trong dilu kifn phdng thi nghifm, vdng ddi ciia sau dye trdi Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee khodng 25,30 ± 0,92 ngdy, trong dd giai doan ttimg keo dai 5,07 ± 0,25 ngay, giai doan iu triing 10,70 ± 0,75 ngdy, trai qua 5 lin lot xdc, giai doan nhpng 8,37 ± 0,49 ngay va giai doan tiln de tning 1,17 ± 0,38 ngdy.

Khd nang phdt triln ciia sdu dye trdi Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee rit cao. Ty If du triing lam nhpng 95,51 ± 0,47%, ty If nhpng vfl hod 97,70 ± 0,70%.

TAI LIEU THAM KHAO

1. Borror D.J., DelongD.M. and Triplehom C.A., 1981. An introdution to the study of insects.

Fifth edition. Pub. CBS College Saunder 928 pp.

2. Vi?n Bao vf thyc vdt, 2000. Phuotig phap dieu tra danh gia sdu, bfnh, co dai, chu^t hai cay trong can. NXB Nong nghifp. Ha Ngi. 78 trang.

3. Talekar N.S., 2002. Conh-olling Eggplant Fruit and Shoot Borer. A Simple, Safe and Economical Approach.AVRDC pub. http://www.avrdc.org/LC/eggplant/efsborer.pdf2 - tra ngay 8.12.2010

*Thdm dinh khoa hpc:

GS.TSKH. Vu Quang Cdn - Vifn Sinh thdi va Tai nguyen sinh vjt.

GS.TS. Pham Vdn Ldm - Vifn Bdo ve thuc vat.

S U M M A R Y

STUDY O F T H E EGGPLANT S H O O T A N D FRUIT B O R E R , Leucinodes orbonalis, AT TRANG B O M O F D O N G NAI P R O V I N C E

Nguyen Thi Chat Forestry Agricultural University in Ho Chi Minh City

Vu Van Hung Vietnam Forestry University

The study was earned out at Trang Bom of Dong Nai province from December 2008 to July 2009. The monitoring of the damage by the eggplant shoot and fruit borer started when the larva starts infesting the eggplant shoots after 20 - 30 growth days, boring in fruits after 30 - 40 days, becoming heavily damaged after 9 0 - 1 6 5 days, especially after 110 -130 days.

The adult eggplant shoot and fruit borers are pyralid moths with white pale wings having dari< brown or red bnawn on their front wings. Under lab conditions the life cycle of eggplant shoot and fmit borer lasts 25,30 ± 0.92 days, including incubation, larval and pupal periods, and pre - imago are 5.07 ± 0.25,10.70 ± 0.75, 8.37 ± 0.49. and 1.17 ±0.38 days. The competence during development is very high. A female moth lays 87 - 342 eggs, with average of 249.5 ± 72.77. The rate of eggs hatched, of pupation, of imago emergence are 85.92 ± 12.17%, 95.51 ± 0.47%, 97.70 ± 0.70%.

Key words: Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee.

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