E] NHIN RA THE G i d l
Nhm lgi 10 nam
V U M A T O I E N TREN D I E N R O N G
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K H U VU'C O O N G BAC NlSClC M Y
10 nam trudc day, vao luc 16h10 phut ngay thuf Nam, 14/8/2003 da xay ra vu mat dien tren dien rdng tai mot sd khu vUc thupc Dong Bac, Trung Tay nUdrc My va tinh Ontario cua Canada. Vu mat dien nay da lam anh hUdng den cupc song cua tren 10 trieu ngUcfl tai Ontario, Canada va tren 45 trieu ngUdi tai 8 tieu bang cua Hoa Ky
Nguyin n h i n chfnh cua vu mi't d i l n lieh sQ nay dUOc eho la do mdt phan m i m cd chQa ma dde dUOc kfch hoat tai he thdng canh b i o cua phdng van hanh h i thong dien thudc Cdng ty dien lyc First Energy tai Ohio, Canada. Mpt nguyin nhan khac la lUdi d i l n truyin t i i dang bi q u i tai lai bi ciy eao tren hanh lang tuyen eham v i o g i y ngin maeh v i lam xiy ra su c6 m i t dien tren dien rdng. Do do, sped tai mdt khu vUe nhd l i r a cdthe xQly duoc mdt cich nhanh chdng lai dien bien phuTc tap va trd t h i n h mdt sU cd t r i n d i l n rdng g i y t h i l t hai vd cimg to Idn ve kinh t l va xa hdi,
Anh hud'ng cua vu mat dien
Theo thdng tin luu trQ cua cO quan q u i n ly lUdi dien tieu bang New York thi vao luc 16h 10 n g i y 14/8/2003 lUdi d i l n truyen t i i theo hudng tieu bang Ontario eua Canada da bi tac ddng bdi mdt vu chap dien, gay n g i n mach v i mi't d i l n tren toan tuyen, Tinh den 16h40 thi toan bp khu vyc cae t h i n h phd Cleveland, Akron, Toledo, New/ York, Westchester, quan Cam v i q u i n Rockland, cic thanh phd Baltimore, Buffalo, Rochester, Syracuse, Binghamton, Albany, Detroit v i mdt phan tieu bang New/ Jersey deu da bl mi't d i l n . Sau eimg, mdt khu vUc rdng Idn bao gdm thanh phd Lansing, Michigan, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, khu vuc James Bay, Ottawa, New York, va Toledo cung bi i n h hudng eiia vu m i t dien, Theo tfnh t o i n cua eac ca quan quan ly nang luong Hoa Ky v i Canada thi trong thdi gian x i y ra vy mat d i l n ed khoing 508 m i y phat tai 265 nha may dien da ngQng hoat dpng. Ngay trudc khi sQ ed xay ra, tdng cdng suit tren lUdi dien trong khu vUc b\ mat dien la 28.700 MW, sau khi sU ed xiy ra, tdng edng suit g i i m den 80%, chf cdn 5.716 MW.
Trong khu vuc x i y ra sy ed ed khoing 200.000 dan van cd d i l n de sd dung, khu vUc cd d i l n bao gdm Niagara Peninsula eua tieu bang Ontario; gdc phia tay tieu bang Ontario, mot phan tieu bang New York bao gdm thinh phd Albany, mdt viing nhd thudc tieu bang Michigan v i tieu bang New Jersey do cic khu vUc nay dupe cung cip Cdy quit vdo ludl dien Id I trong nhi/ng nguyin nhdn gdy d i l n ti/mach vdng tai n h i may thuy d i l n Sir Adam Beck
mdf dien tai t h i c Niagara.
40 I Oien A O&i song
Anh ve tinh khu vUcbi mdt dien tgi Dong Bdc nudc My ndm 2003 Vao luc 23h cung ngay, mpt sd khu vpc da dUOe cap d i l n trd tai, tuy nhien phan Idn cae khu vUc trong vung bi mat dien phai ehd d i n 2 ngay sau mdi ed dien. Vio thdi diem dd, vu mat d i l n nay dupc coi l i vu mat dien Idn thQ hai trong lich sQ, sau vu mat d i l n n i m 1999 tai khu vUc phfa Nam Brazil.
NHIN RA THE G i d l Q
Hanh khdeh ngoi chd phia ngodi nhd ga Penn Station d New York
Cae he thdng dien d u phdng cung khdng hoat dpng nln eude sdng eiia ngudi d i n trong khu vUe bj mat d i l n bi inh hudng rat Idn. Mang vien thdng nhin ehung van cdn hoat ddng dupc do cd m i y phat d i l n ehuyin dung cua nhi mang nhUng sau dd eung gan nhu ngQng hoat ddng do bj nghen mang vl eae eudc goi eua thue bao tang dot bien. He thdng cap nUdc eung ngifng boat ddng do khdng cd d i l n de bam nude. D i i p h i t thanh - truyen hlnh tam thdi van edn hoat ddng do dQOc cap ngudn tQ may phat chuyin dyng mac du mdt phan Idn cac dai phat thanh truyen hlnh d i tam dQng hoat ddng do tbdi gian mat dien ludi klo dai. Cic djch vu giao thdng nhu xe dien tai cac thinh phd Idn ngifng hoat dpng n l n mpi ngudi phai di bd.
Moi cic chuyin bay d i n v i di khu vye bj mat d i l n eung bi hiiy. Thi trudng t i i chfnh, chQng khoin cung ngdng boat ddng. Mdt sd luong Idn cic n h i miy da p h i i ddng eQa trong thdi gian mat dien, cic nha m i y nam ngoii khu vUe bi mat diln bj yeu cau g i i m cdng suit trong khi chd ludi dien hoat ddng dn dinh trd lai. Vy mat dien gay i n h hudng to Idn den cude song eiia ngudi dan eung nhu cac boat dpng kmh t e - x i hpi.
Thdi gian mat dien l i v i o t h i n g ndng tai Hoa Ky (nhiet dp l i 31''Ctai h i u het eac khu vQc bi matdien) nen nhiet dd cao eung l i mdt nguyin nhan g i y mat d i l n tren dien rdng. Nhilt dp eing cao thi ngUdi dan eang sif dung dien nhieu de chay miy lanh v i quat, dan d i n tang ddt bien v l sin lupng d i l n tieu thy, gay ra hien tuong day dien bi vdng xudng do nhiet dp d i y dan tang cao, t d dd cie ngpn cay eao tren h i n h lang t u y l n cd the cham v i o d i y d i l n , giy phdng d i l n v i n g i n maeh tren ludi.
CJc t h i n h phd chinh bi dnh hudrng cua vu mat dien
Thdnh phd
Thinh phd New York City v i eie vung phu can
Sd luang ddncU 14,3 trieu
^ ^ ^ r ' Thdnh pho Khu vue t h i n h phdToronto v i eie viing phu can
Khu Newark, tieu bang New Jersey v i cac vung phu can
Tieu bang Detroit va eae viing phy c i n Thinh phd Cleveland v i eie viing phu can Thinh phd Ottawa
Thinh phd Buffalo, tieu bang New York v i vung phy can
Thanh phd Rochester, tieu bang NewYork Thinh phd Baltimore v i vung phu cin Thinh phd London, tieu bang Ontario, Canad va viing phu ein
Khu vuc Cambridge-Kitehener-Waterloo, tieu bang Ontario, Canada v i viing phu c i n Thanh phd Toledo, tieu bang Ohio Thinh phd Windsor, tieu bang Ontario, Canada
Tdng cdng
So lugng J dancUm 8,3 trieu
6,98 trieu 5,4 trieu 2,9 t r i l u 780 ngan 1,1 t r i l u 1,05 t r i l u 710 ngan 475 ngan
415 n g i n 310,000 208,000 55 trieu No luc dieu tra nguyen nhan
Mdt CO quan d i l u tra lien hpp d i dupe Chinh phu Hoa Ky v i Canada t h i n h lap de tien hanh dieu tra nguyen nhan cua vu mat d i l n v i bao eao k i t qua trpe tiep len Chinh phu eiia 2 quoc gia. Co quan dieu tra nay do Bd trudng Bd Ngudn lye t u nhien cua Canada, dng Herb Dhaliwal va Bd trudng Nang luong Hoa Ky, dng Spencer Abraham cung phdi hpp dieu hanh
Vio t h i n g 2/2004, CO quan dieu tra lien hop Hoa Ky - Canada da ed bao eao ket qua dieu tra cudi cung, theo ddduara bdn nguyen nhan chinh d i n den sued tren ludi d i l n g i y mat d i l n tren dien rdng vao t h i n g 8/2003 D i u t i l n l i edng ty Dien luc FirstEnergy (FE) da "khdng d i n h g i i mpt eieh day du ve tinh trang t h i l u dn dmh eiia ludi d i l n do eong ty dang van hanh, die biet l i khdng d i n h g i i dung mQc ve bien ddng cua dien i p v i sy t h i l u dn dinh cua ludi d i l n khu vQc Cleveland-Akron (tieu bang Ohio), ddng thdi edng ty FE cung khdng td chQc v i n h i n h iQdi dien cua hp vdi nhQng quy dinh v i quy trinh ve q u i n ly dien ap mdt eieh hpp iy" Nguyen n h i n thd hai l i cdng ty FE"da khdng nhan thdc mdt each d i y du ve tinh trang xudng cap tren ludi d i l n cua hp". Nguyen nhan thQ ba l i Cdngty FE"di khdng thyc h i l n eae bien phap can t h i l t d l q u i n ly tinh trang cac mdt sd loai eiy phat trien tu do tren hanh lang tuyen, i n h hudng nghiim trong den cic t u y l n truyin t i i do edng ty q u i n ly". Nguyen nhan cudi eung la
Oien A O&i songl 4^
E] NHIN RA THE G i d l
"that bai cQa eie bp phan q u i n ly dd tin ciy cua eac ludi d i l n dupe ket ndi vdi nhau de ed the cung cap nhQng b i l n p h i p chan doan va hd trp mpt each hieu qui".
• t . - ^
Quang trudng Thdi dgi d New York hiu hdt khi bi mdt dien Bio cao giai trinh mpt nha may p h i t d i l n d Eastlake, Ohio (ngoai d Cleverland) da ngQng hoat ddng trong khi nhu eau sQ dung d i l n dang tang eao, g i y ra tinh trang d i l n ap tang eao t r i n tuyen t r u y i n t i i cao the, t u y l n truyen t i i n i y sau do cung da ngQng boat ddng sau khi cd tiep xue vdi mdt sd ciy mpc q u i cao tren h i n h lang tuyen. Sau dd tac ddng cua sy ed nay da tuan t u gay ra tinh trang ngQng hoat ddng eiia tren 100 nha may phat diln.Tinh trang nay sau dd lai lam tang tai t r i n eae tuyen truyen dan khie, gay qua t i i va nhay rOle ehdng qua t i i . Tiep theo do mpt sd may p h i t se dot n h i l n bi m i t cdng
suit phat, dan den tinh trang lech pha cua toan bd ludi dien.Tat ea eae sued nay g i y ngifng hoat ddng eiia ludi d i l n t r i n d i l n rdng.
Nguyen nhan tU he thdng may tinh
Mdt phan mem ed chda ma ddc dupe phat h i l n dang hoat dpng tai he thong q u i n ly nang luong XA/21 chay tren he dieu h i n h Unix eiia hang General Electric. Sau khi duoe kfch hoat ma doe nay da khda he thdng c i n h bao cua phdng van h i n h ludi dien tai Cdng ty FirstEnergy v i dua he thdng n i y ve tinh trang " o f f " trong hPn mpt tieng ddng hd. Cie nhan v i l n van h i n h he thdng khdng nhan biet dupc tinh trang nay, dan d i n mdt he q u i cue ky nguy hiem la toan bd c i n h b i o b i n g am thanh va hinh i n h v l nhCfng thay ddi quan trong v l tinh trang t r i n ludi d i l n deu bi tat. Sau khi he thdng einh bao ngQng hoat ddng, mdt loat cic sU ed l i l n t i l p xay ra m i khdng dupc xd ly, ddng thdi may ehu cua he thdng quin l y - v a n h i n h ludi d i l n eiia Cdngty FirstEnergy eung b j t l liet trong vdng 30 phut. Sau do t o i n bd eie che dp quin ly he thdng (keca he thdng c i n h b i o da bj khda) dupc tii dpng chuyen qua mdt m i y chu d u phdng, nhUng sau dd chfnh may ehu d u phdng n i y cung ngifng hoat dpng vao luc 14h54 n g i y 14/8/2003. May ehii ngQng hoat ddng d i lam c h i m tdc dp hien thi thdng tin t r i n man hinh he thdng dieu khien tQ 1-3 giay t h i n h 59 giiy. Khdng cd cac tin hieu c i n h b i o nen cic nhan vien van hinh eiia FirstEnergy ciing bi Id mpt cudc goi tQ Co quan quan ly dien nang Hoa Ky thong b i o v l tinh trang may eat tren t u y l n truyen tai 345 kV do hai quoc gia eiing sQdung d vung ddng bae tieu bang Ohio.
Nguyen Thai Sam
C
dng ty New Wave Energy cua Anh dang cd y tudng tao ra nhQng m i y bay khdng ngudi lai duoc trang bi eae tam pin mat trdi v i cic turbin gid nhd. NhCfng chile may bay khdng ngudi lai nay se bay d do eao khoang 50.000 feet (tUOng duang 15,24 km), d dp cao n i y gid se d i n g tin eay han v i k h i n i n g thu hut i n h mat trdi s l cao hon. Sau khi thu t h i p nang luong gid v i mat trdi, m i y bay se truyen ngudn nang luong dd qua Id vi sdng vao cae anten t r i n be mat t r i i d i t . Sau dd eac anten t r i n mat d i t se chuyen ddi nang lupng vi sdng t h i n h dien va bOm nd vao ludi d i l n .DUNG MAY BAY KHONG NGlTfil IAI D E S A N X U A T D I E N
New Wave Energy eho b i l t moi may bay khdng ngudi lai n i y ed the tao ra 50 kW dien. Lupng d i l n nay cd the khdng du de cung cap cho t o i n bd eae hd dan trong mdt thanh phd, nhUng cd the du cho mdt khu vUe nhd hon. Ngoai ra, du ft di song mdt ehiJt d i l n cung rit hQu fch v i can thiet, dac biet trong cic trUdng hpp xiy ra t h i l n tai nhu cae sieu bao hay ddng dat, sdng than.
Trong nhiifng trudng hpp do, tinh di dpng eua cie miy bay khdng ngQdi l i i cd the mang d i l n d i n eho nhdng nai khdng cd d i l n .
New Wave d u djnh se sdm cdng bd y tUdng niy vdi mue tieu k l u goi so t i l n dau t u khoing 500.000 USD.
Neu dat dupc sd t i l n dau t u dd, cic m i y bay khdng ngudi lai tao ra d i l n ed the bay len bau trdi trong it nhit l i khoing 6 t h i n g niifa.
Huyen ThUtfng
