giiANini-quAiiiy
CAI CACH HANH CHINH VA MOT SO GIAI PHAP XAY Dl/NG,
HOAN THIEN NEN HANH CHINH NHA NlJCfC HIEN NAY
• TRIEU TH! CAM NHUNG - PHUNG TH! THUY
TOM TAT:
Cdi cdch hanh chinh (CCHC) la mot hoal ddng mang tinh loan cau va dang dffdc nhieu nddc tren the gidi ddc biei quan tam, trong do cd Viet Nam. Cd the xem da\ la mdt trong nhdng hoal dgng he't sdc quan trgng ciia cac nudc nham muc tieu ddi mdi. phdt trien kinh te - xa hdi, xay ddng va hodn thien nen hanh chinh nha mfdc. Bai \ie'i phan tich nhdng han ehe', ton tai vd lim ra nhdng gidi phdp khde phue han che' de hoan thien nen hanh ehinh nha nddc. xay ddng nen hdnh chinh hieu life, hieu qua, hien dai, dam bao yeu cau phdt irien va hdi nhap hien nay la dieu ra't can thie't.
Tiir khda: Cdi each hdnh chinh, hanh chinh nha nu'dc. hodn thien nen hanh chinh.
1. Mgt so'vd'n de vd CCHC
CCHC la qud trinh edi bie'n cd ke' hoaeh eu ih^.de hoan ihien mdl hay mpt sd'yeu td'cua nen hiinh chinh nha nddc (the che', td chdc bd mdy, dpi ngii cdn bo, cdng chdc. tai chinh cdng). nham mue lieu \ay ddng nen hanh chinh hieu Idc. hieu qua va hien dai [1].
Hoai dpng hanh ehinh nhd nddc ddng vai trd quan trong trong \iec du>' tri trat iff an ninh. ddm biio jeu ciiu phai trien kinh le - xd hdi: Dap ffng nhu cdu ngay cang cao cua ngffdi ddn. liio dieu kien thuiin ldi \a nang cao ddi sd'ng ctia ngffdi dan; phdt huy quyen lam chii cua nhan dan. Tao mdi quan he khang khit giffa Dang, nhd nffde va nhan dan; giup khd'c phue nhffng ban ehe. \ e u
kem Clia nen hanh ehinh nhd nffdc, hodn thien nen hanh chinh nhii nifdc. xay difng nen hanh chinh hieu Iffc. hieu qua. hien dai. ddm bao yeu cau phdt irie'n vd hpi nhap,
Ddng la Iudn xdc dinh CCHC Id mdt nhiem vu trpng lam. Dang phai tap [rung Ianh dao thdc hien thanh cdng trong ihdi gian ldi, Ddc biel trong cdc ky dai hoi gdn ddy. Dang ta da quyet liet dd'y manh edng tac CCHC. eu the: Tai Hdi nghi lan ihff nam Ban chap hanh Trung ifdng Ddng khda X da nha'n manh: "Da\ manh CCHC nhdm liep luc xay dffng vd hodn thien Nhit nu'dc phdp quyen xd hdi chu nghia; xa\ dffng nen hanh chinh nha nffdc dan chu. trong saeh. vffng manh, tdng bddc hien dai; dpi nsu cdn bp. edng chffc ed du pham eha'l
va nang Iffe. he thd'ng cdc cd quan nhd nifdc boat ddng cd hieu Iffc. hieu qua. phii hdp \di the che kmh te lhi trddng dinh hu'dng xd hpi chii nghia vd hpi nhap kinh te' qudc te'. dap ffng td't yeu eau phdt irien nhanh vd ben \ffng ciia dat nffdc" [2].
Dai hdi Dai bieu loan qudc lan thff XI eua Ddng lie'p tuc chi dao: "Da'} manh CCHC. nha't Id thu tuc hanh chinh, giam manh vd bai bo cde loiii thii tuc hanh ehinh gdy phien hii cho td ehdc \d cdng dan.... Da'y manh chien Iddc edi each td phdp de nam 2020. xay ddng he thd'ng iff phdp trong sach, vffng manh. bdo ve cdng Iy. tdn trong va bdo ve quyen con ngffdi. , Doi mdi id ehffe boat ddng cua chinh quyen dia phffdng," [3] \a
"Tiep luc hodn ihien the che va day manh CCHC phiic vu phdng chd'ng iham nhung, Iang phi....".[3]
Tiep luc Hdi nghi lan ihff lif Ban chd'p hdnh Trung Ifdng khda XII ciia Dang da de ra cae chii trifdng, chinh sdch va nhiem vu. giai phap de phdt trien kmh te - xa hpi. dd la: "Day manh cai each thii luc hanh chinh. giam cd bdn gdnh nang chi phi dd'i vdi doanh nghiep. nha't id doanh nghiep nhd va vffa: ddi mdi each ihdc qudn Iy vd thdi dd lam viee ciia cdn bd, cdng chdc theo hffdng hd trd va phue vii doanh nghiep; edng khai. minh bach, lang cddng k>' luat. k\ cUdng dd'i vdi cdn bd, eong chdc, cd quan nha nddc. xff Iy nghiem lieu edc. nhiing nhieu." [4] vd Tie'p tuc thdc hien linh gian bien che de' nhdm muc lieu "xay ddng id ehdc bd mdy nhd mfdc tinh ggn. liem chinh.
thdng sud't, hieu lUc. hieu qua " [4].
Ndi dung cua CCHC theo Nghi quye'l so' 30C/NQ-CP ngay 8/I1/20II ban hdnh Chu'dng trinh long the CCHC giai doan 2011-2020 bao gdm 9 dieu. 5 muc lieu. 6 Iinh vifc, 7 gidi phdp, Trong dd. ngi dung chii ye'u cua CCHC dUdc tap trung vao 6 Iinh vifc cdi cdch: (I) cdi each the che'; (2) cdi cdch ihii luc bdnh chinh; (3) cai each id chdc bd mdy hanh ehinh nha nddc: 14) xdy difng \d nang cao chd't iddng ddi ngu can bp.
edng chdc. \ ien chdc: (5) eai each tdi chinh cdng;
(6) hien dai hda hdnh chinh.
Vay. ndi dung trong CCHC nhd nddc hien nay dffde thffe hicn iren 6 linh vifc. trong dd. viee hoan Ihien \ e mal the che', xdy difng va nang cao
chd't Iffdng dpi ngu can bd. cdng chffc. vien t cha't lu'dng djch vu hdnh chinh \a dieh \ii edi ba nhiem vu then chd't hien na>.
2. Mpt s6' va'n Ai dSt ra trong ndn i chinh nha nddc ta hi^n nay
Thffc tien cho tha'y. ben eanh nhffng mi diem, nen hanh chinh nifde ta cdn cd mpt so che sau day:
Mo! la, nen hanh chinh nha nddc Viet cdn mang ndng da'u a'n ciia cdche quan ly kii cii, cd che'lap trung. quan lieu bao cap, diic Id ed che xin - cho. Cu the, viec ban hdnh irddng, chinb sach irong linh vdc xda ddi j ngheo edn gidi quye'l tinh hud'ng theo kieu phdt, cho eon ed chd khdng hffdng dan ngffdi each cau ca; chide ra chi lieu, gidi phdpcd n ehinh sdch an sinh xa hdi cho hd ngheo nh ca'p da't, nha d, lien xang, diiu,, cho hp ng nhdng lai ihieu quy dinh thdi gian de ngddi pha'n da'u thodt ngheo. Dodd, mdt bd phan n dan y lai, irdng chd vao cdc chinb sach h5 irc Ddng, Nha nddc va cdng ddng, quye'l tam "nj ben vffng" de dUdc hd trd chinh sdch. Do dt dnh hddng khdng nhd de'n tinh hinh kinh l6 da'l mfdc. Vi vay. nen hanh ehinh hien nay chda ddp ffng dUdc nhffng yeu cau ciia cd quan ly mdi, cung nhu'yeu cau phue vu nhdr irong giai doan mdi.
Hai Id, viec cai cdch the ehe' ddi lue chd Ihdi, he ihd'ng the che'hanh chinh ban hanh cham. Khi ban hanh lai cd nhieu sai sdt, c dddc sda ddi, bd sung va hodn Ihien. Tmh t luat chd nghi dinh, nghi dinh chd thdng iff chffa dffdc khde phue triet de. He thd'ng phdp thieu chat che, chffa ddng bo, chUa ddm bdo Ihd'ng nha't tff tren xud'ng dudi, nhidu van bai chdng eheo va cdn cd nhffng quy dinh chffa iy, chda thffc sff khd lhi. irat iff k\ luat, ky c chua nghiem.
Mot so'vdn ban quy dinh chua hdp ly nhi hanh cac quy dinh; NgUc lep tha'p be, nhe khdng difdc lai xe: rang hd u n g \au khdng • Idi tdu: quy dinh ve thdj gian hdn ihii heo I vdng 8 gid sau khi giet md: qu\ i.iii ve dd'i cap ho khau....
218 So 9 - T h a n g 5/2020
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V c irdt Iff. ky cddng chda nghiem nhif; Ve van de cam bdn dd ud'ng cd cdn cho ngddi dudi 18 tudi, ca'm htii thud'c la ndi edng edng,,.. phdp luat Viel Nam da cd he tho'ng van ban tddng dd'i day diJ iff irddc de'n nay. Tuy nhien d nhieu dia phffdng hien nay, linh Irang tre con ud'ng bia rffdu van tdi dien, viec cha me sai ire dddi 18 tudi mua rffdu bia Id ra'l binh thddng; hay viec hiil thud'c ndi congcpng, ddc biel tai cac ben xe, be'n pha, hanb lang benh vien. il ai quan ldm den va'n de nay la VI pham phdp ludt vd cd quan nha nddc d dia phffdng Cling chda ihdc hien xff phat nhffng hanh VI nay.
Ba Id, thu luc hanh chinh iren nhieu ITnh vUc con rddm ra, phffc lap, chda dam bdo tinh cdng khai. minh bach, eu lhe, rd rang, cdn gay phien ha cho ngddi dan va doanh nghiep.
Dai hdi Dill bidu toan qud'e lan thd XII cua Dang (nam 2016) da thang Ihdn Ihda nhan va'n de n^y va xic dinh day la rao can Idn dd'i vdi viee phdi trien kinh te - xa hdi. Do dd, de phdt trien kinh I e - xa hpi, ciin lao dieu kien thuan Idi cho ea nhan, td chffc, tao lap mdi trddng xa hdi, mdi trddng kinh doanh Ianh manh cho cac doanh nghiep. cd nhan, id ehdc,..,
Bern Id, to chffc bo may cdn cdng kenh. nhieu lang nii'e. nhieu ea'p trung gian tao nen sdc y khien to chdc bd may van hanh cham chap;
phffdng thdc td chffc, quan Iy hanh chinh cdn cham ddi mdi, chffa phu hdp nen ra'l khd Iam viec va khdng mang lai hieu qud; cac chdc nang, nhi^m \u quy dmh chufa rd rang, sff phan cdng.
phdi hdp gida cdc cd nhan. td chffc khdng cu lhe dan den viec dun day trdch nhiem giffa cdc cd quan, ed nhdn, to chdc trong thdc hien nhiem vu;
chffa ed nhffng cd ehe. chinh sdch tai chinh thich hdp vdi hoat ddng cua cdc cd quan hanh chinh nha nffdc. cac ddn vi sff nghiep. td chffc Idm dieh VII cdng. Cu the. va'n de Iifdng eiia edn bp. edng chffc hien na> chffa dii sd'ng vd Io dffdc cho gia liinh dan ddn hieu qud eong viec chifa cao.
Nam Id. dpi ngu cdn bd, cdng chdc trinh dp.
niing life chffa ngang tam vdi chdc nang. nhiem
\u dddc giao, cdn ihie'u tinh than trdch nhiem trong cdng vi^c. nang life ehuyen mdn edn ye'u.
k\ nang hanb chinh chu'a nhieu: phong edch lam viec cham ddi mdi. mdl sd'ndi van cdn tinh trang quan lieu, tham nhung. Iang phi.
Thang than nhin nhdn nhffng han ehe tren, Dai bpi Dang loan qud'e lan thff XII Dang ta cung dd chird: "Tinh trang su> thodi ve chinh iri. lu'tudng, dao ddc Id'i sd'ng trong mdt bd phan khdng nhd cdn bd. ddng vien chu'a bi d j \ lui. ed mat. cd bd phdn cdn dien bie'n tinh vi. phffc tap hdn; tham nhung, lang phi. tieu cffe van cdn nghiem trpng.
tap trung vao so' ddng vien cd chffc vu trong bd may nhd nudc, ; nhieu td chdc, ddng vien edn ban che trong nhan thdc. Id la, ma't canh giac, lung tiing trong nhan dien va dau iranh, ngan chdn "lif dien bie'n". "Id chuyen hda; viec da'u tranh. phdn bdc nhdng Iudn dieu sai trdi, xuyen tac Clia cdc the Idc thd dich, td chdc phan ddng, phan iff cd hdi, bd't man chinh tri cdn hi ddng, thie'u sa't ben va hieu qua chUa c a o " [4|. Tmh trang nay phan nay cung Iam dnh hddng lieu cdc de'n uy lin cua ngu'di Idnh dao, eua Ddng va Nhd nddc la.
Sdu Id, ve lai chinh edng, trong thdi gian qua cdn cd nhffng va'n dd nhu': Iinh vffc ngan sdch nha nUdc con cd nhieu ban ehe'nhff can dd'i ngdn sdch cdn Ihie'u chti ddng; cd ca'u chi ngan sdch cdn cd nhffng khoan chi mang tinh bao ca'p da tao ra td tirdng y lai: pham vi cbi ngan sdch cdn rpng, chu'a xdc dinh ro nen khd gidm du'de ganh nang ehi ngan sdch. Dau lU cdng td ngan sdch nha nude cdn Idn, dan trai. kem hieu qua. Mffc chi lieu cua bd may hdnh chinh. ddn vi sU nghiep cdn lac hau, chua thtic da'y phdt inen. chffa iao dong Iffc liet kiem. ddn den tinh trang Iang phi khd phd bie'n trong viee chi lieu ngan sdch nba nffdc
3. Mgt so' giai p h a p x a y d d n g , hoan t h i e n n e n hanh chinb nha nddc ta bien nay
Mgl Id. Dang vd Nha nu'dc ta can lang cudng ddi mdi iff duy trong cdng lac ban hanh chinh sdch. nang cao cdng tac chi dao \ i e c thffc hien cai edch hanh chinh, Xdc dinb CCHC Id nhiem vu trpng lam. xuyen sud'l cua ca nhiem ky cdng lac.
Hai Id. tang cffdng cai each ve the che nhd:
xd\ dffng cdc c d c h e . chinh sdch phii hdp. sda ddi.
bd sung vd hoan thien cdc quy dinh eiia phap ludt
de he ihd'ng phap ludt LJng ehdl che. ddng bd.
Ihdng nhd't \ a hdp 1_\' hdn. ndng cao trat Id. k\
lual. k>' CUdng xa hdi.
Bu Id. tie'p tuc cai cdeh ihii luc hanh chinh.
tang cifdng ra soat edc thu tue hanh ehinh. cdt giam cdc thil tuc hdnh khdng can thie'l. thdc hien cdng khai. minh bach, ro rang edc thu tuc hanh ehinh iren nhieu hinh thffc. nhif niem yet tai tru sd cd quan, cdng khai tren cdc cdng ihdng lin dien tff. trang websiie... tao dieu kien thudn ldi cho ngffdi dan va doanh nghiep trong lien he gidi quye'l cae ihii tuc hanh ehinh.
Bc'in Id, lie'p tuc thUe hien cdi cdch id chdc bd mdy hanh ehinh nhd nddc. da'y manh linh gian bien che'. eat giam ede ed quan hanh ehinh nha mfdc, cdc bd phiin ehuyen mdn khdng can ihie't trong cac cd quan hanh chinh nhd nddc de giam sd cdng kenh, ndng cao hieu qud hoiil ddng cua nen hdnh ehinh nha nUdc. Ddi mdi phddng thdc id chdc, qudn h' hdnh chinh nha nffdc de cd mdt phffdng Ihdc hoat ddng phii hdp va mang lai hieu qua hdn: xay ddng ke hoaeh thffc hien eu the trong tffng thdi gian. tffng ITnh vu'c; ra sodt cde quy dinh vc td chffc, bd mdy de xda bd nhdng quy dinh chdng eheo \'d ehdc ndng. nhiem vu: tie'p tue Ihffc hien phan cdng. phdn cap irong qudn ly nhd ndde theo quy dinh. phdn cdng rd trdeh nhiem eua iffng cd quan, td ehdc vd can bd, cdng chdc. vien chffc. tdng cffdng kiem tra, ddn dd'c
\'icc thdc hien. Cai cdch chinh sdch tien Iddng nhdm tao dgng life thffe sff de can bd, cdng chffc.
vien chffc thifc bien cdng vu ed chd'l lffdng va hieu qua eao.
Nam Id. \C\\ ddng \ a nang eao ehat Iddn!
ngu cdn bd, cdng chffc. vien elide .igang kin chffc nang. nhiem \u du'de giao. cti the: 1 thien he thd'ng tieu chua'n chde danh. nghie can bd, cdng chdc. diic biei la edn bd.cdngL thdc hien nghiem tiic che do luven dung, i ngach theo nguyen tac canh tranh. id chffc bi sap xep cdn bd. cdng chdc cho phii hdp.
difng quy che'va thdc hien cdng lac ddnh gid bd, cdng chdc iren cd sd ke'i qua cdng vice ra, Ngoai ra. lie'p luc id chi'fc dao lao. nang ca ndng hdnh chinh, trinh do ehuyen mdn che ngii cdn bd, cdng chffc, sii dung hieu qua nj cdn bp tre. Tang cddng edng tde kiem tra, j sdt. danh gia chat lifdng ddi ngO can bd i chffc.
Sdu Id, lie'p luc thffc hien eai cdch lai e cdng. Cu the: Tang cddng chu ddng xay ddn ehe phdn bd tai chinh Iren cd sd xdc dinh nl vu, edng viec \a ke't qud thdc hien nhiem Ddng vien hdp ly, phan phd'i va sd dung ed qud mgi ngudn Idc cho phdt trien kinh te-xa Tie'p tuc hoan thien chinh saeh va he Ihd'ng I cac chinh sdch ve thu nhap, tien Iddng, tien c Ddi mdi cd ehe', ehinh sach lai chinh ddi doanh nghiep nha nffdc; Ddi mdi edn bdn cd sff dung kinh phi nha nffdc vd cd che' phdi ngan sdch cho cd quan hdnh chinh nha nddc; i thdi day manh xa hpi hda, huy ddng toan xa cham lo phal irien gido due, dao tao, y te, da - ke boach hda gia dinh, the due, the thao;
mdl cd che hoal ddng, nha'l Id cd che lai c Clia cdc ddn vi sU nghiep dich vu cdng •
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO:
i Hoc vien Chinh iri Quoe gia Hd Chi Minh 12018). Nhdng vdn cU ccf hdn ve c/iidn ly bdnh < hinh nhd nuc'ic. G ir'inh iniiiii c dp ly ludn i hinh In - hdnh ehinh, N \ b Ly luan chfnh tn. Hd NOi.
2. Ddng Cpng san N'iei X.im (2007) Vdn kien bdi nghi Idn Ihd nam Ban chd'p hanb Trunv Chinh iri Qudc gia Ha \ d i
3 B a n T u \ e i i y iao Tmng ifLfni;(20il) Tdi lieu nghien cdu cdc Vdn kien Dcsi licYi dot bieu i.
( ua Dan- \ \ B Chmh in qudc jzia - Sff ihat. Ha \'di
' hda X. N
• Idiiihii
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4 Dang Cgng sdn Vi^t Nam (2016). Vdn kien Hot nghi Idn thdtu Ban chop hdnh Trung uang khda XH. NXB Van phdng Trung Udng Diing, Ha Noi.
5. Chinh phu Nudc CHXHCN Viet Nam (2011), Nglu quyet sci30c/NQ-CP ngdy B/II/201I eiia Chinb phu ve vice bun hdnh Cludmg trinh long the cdi each bdnh cbinh giai dogn 2011-2020.
Nt:a) nh§n bai: 8/4/2020
Nga> phan bi^n danh gia va si^a chO'a: 18/4/2020 Nfiaj cha'p nh§n dang bai: 28/4/2020
Thimg tin idc gid:
1. Th.S. TRI^U THI CAM NHUNG 2.PHIJNGTH1THUY Trddng Chi'nh tri tinh Sdc Trang
THE ADMINISTRATION REFORM AND SOME SOLUTIONS TO ESTABLISH AND PERFECT THE CURRENT STATE
ADMINISTRATION SYSTEM OF VIETNAM
• Master. TRIEU THI CAM NHUNG
• PHUNGTHI THUY School of Polictics - Soc Trang Province
TOM TAT:
The administrahon reform is a global activity which is receiving special alienlion of many countries around the world including Vielnam. The administradon reform is considered a very important activity of countries lo renovate and promote the socio-economic growth, establish and perfect the slate administration system. This paper analyzes bmitalions and shortcomings of Vietnam's state administration system, thereby proposes solutions to build an effective and modem state administration system in Vielnam. meeting development requirements of the counh^y in the conlexl of the curreni mtegralion process.
Keywords: Administrative reform, stale administration, perfecting the state administration s\ stem.
