Quan ly nha niTdfc
ve phat trien du Ijch of cac tfnh Nam Dong bing song Hong
D A N G THI THUY DUYEN*
Tom tat
Sau hem 30 ndm ddi mdi, kinh te cda cdc tinh phia Nam Dong bang sdng Hong cd syt chuyen bie'n sdu sdc, trong do cd syt ddng gdp nhdt dinh cda ngdnh du lich cho syt tdng trudng chung.
Tuy vdy, hoqt dgng qudn ly nhd nude vi phdt trien du lich d cdc tinh ndy tren mot sdmqt cdn hqn che, ddn de'n ke't qud chua dqt nhu mong dgi. Bdi viet se Idm rd thvtc trqng ndy, qua do ggi y gidi phdp doi vdi ca quan qudn ly nham day mqnh hoqt dgng du lich tqi cdc tinh Nam Dong bdng sdng Hong.
T«f khda: qudn ly nhd nUdc, du lich, cdc tinh Nam Dong bang sdng Hong Smnmary
After more than 30 years of Doi moi, the economy ofthe Southern provinces of Red River Delta has got profound changes which are partly contributed by tourism industry. However, the state management of tourism development in these provinces stays limited in some aspects, that's why results have not met expectation. The article will clarify this situation, thereby suggest solutions for management agencies to promote tourism activities in the Southern provinces of Red River Delta.
KeyM'ords: state management, tourism. Southern provinces of Red River Delta
GlOfI THIEU
Cac tinh phia Nam Ddng bang sdng Hdng gdm cd 3 tinh: Thai Binh, Nam Dinh va Ninh Binh vdi tdng dien tich khoang 4.600km^, dan so 4,6 trieu ngffdi.
Cling nhff cac dia phffdng d Ddng bang sdng Hdng ndi chung, cac tinh Nam Ddng bang sdng Hong sd hi?u nhieu tiem nang phat trien nganh du lich. Ben canh cac danh lam thang canh ndi tieng, nhff: Cue Phffdng, Tam Cdc, Bich Ddng, Trang An... cung cac bai bien Hai Thinh, Quat Lam, Tien Hai..., Nam Dong bang sdng Hdng cdn la ndi chffa dffng cac gia tri lich sff van hda dac sac the hien d cac khu di tich chua Bai Dinh, Hoa Lff, Cd Loa, chua Keo...
Dac biet, ngay 13/10/2008, UNESCO da trao bang cdng nhan Khu Dff trff sinh quyen the gidi dd'i vdi vung da't ngap nffdc ven bien cua 3 dia phffdng nay. Viec ghi nhan do da bffdc dau tac dgng lam thay
ddi nhan thffc va each thffc tiep can quan Iy cua cac cap, cac nganh va cac dia phffdng nham nang cao gia tri va phat huy nhffng ldi the cua khu vffc dat ngap nffdc ldn nay, trong do cd ITnh vffc du lich. Chinh vi the, viec nghien cffu thffc trang quan ly nha nffdc dd'i vdi phat trien du lich d cac tinh Nam Ddng bang sdng Hong la can thie't, de tff dd nang cao nhffng ddng gdp cua nganh du lich cho sff phat trien kinh te - xa hdi cua vung.
PHL/ONG PHAP NGHIEN CLfU
De nghien cffu thffc trang quan ly nha nffdc vd phat trien du lich d cac tinh Nam Ddng bang sdng Hong, tac gia sff dung ddng thdi dff lieu thff cap va sd cap. Dff lieu thff cap dffdc suf dung tff bao cao cua cac sd du lich, ciing cac van ban phap luat lien quan den quan ly du lich tai 3 dia phffdng. Dd'i vdi dff lieu sd cap, tac gia tidn hanh thu thap dff lieu qua khao sat bang phieu ket hdp vdi phdng van nham thu thap y kien danh gia cua can bg quan ly, doanh nghiep, nhan vien va khach du lich tai 3 tinh Nam Ddng bang sdng Hong tff thang 04/2018 den thang 08/2018. Trong dd, 300 phieu dieu tra dffdc phat cho cd quan quan ly nha nffdc, 300 phieu dffdc phat cho dgi ngu
* ThS., Hoc vien Mgan hang I Email: [email protected]
Ngdy nhdn bdi: 01/12/2018; Ngdy phdn bien: 18/12/2018; Ngdy duyet ddng: 24/12/2018
Economy and Forecast Review
123
BANG 1: DANH GIA VE QUY HOACH PHAT TRIEN DU LICH BEN VOfNG Ci NAM DONG BANG SONG HONG
DVT: %
Chi tidu
- Xay dUng mo hinh du lich - Phan Idiu dich vu du lich - Phan khu dich vu ho trd - Tuyen, diem du lich
R§'t td't (5) 13,57 12,77 9,93 11,35
T6't (4) 50,71 51,77 48,23 51,77
Trung binh (3)
31,43 31,20 36,88 32,62
Kem (2)
4,29 4,26 4,96 4,26
RS't kem (1)
0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00
BANG 2: DANH GIA VE CHINH SACH PHAT TRIEN DU LICH BEN VOfNG CUA DJA PHCfdNG d NAM DONG BANG SONG HONG
DVT:
Chi tifeu
- Chinh sach quan ly phat trien du lich - Chinh sach tao moi tru'dng thu hiit dau ttf - Chinh sach phat trien nguon nhan li/c du lich - Chinh sach phat trien loai hinh, san pham du lich
- Chinh sach xue tie'n quang ba du lich - Chinh sach quan ly, bao ton va phat trien tai nguyen du lich
- Chinh sach ho trd doanh nghiep, cong dong dia phu'dng va du khach
- Viec dam bao on dinh chinh tri, an ninh quoc phong va trat tif an toan xa hoi
Rat t6't (5)
9,42 8,47 8,42 7,37 8,42 7,37 9,09 9,42
T6't (4) 83,25 60,31 60,53 57,37 56,32 65,26 57,75 83,77
Trung bmh (3)
7,33 31,22 31,05 35,26 35,26 27,37 33,16 6,81
Kem (2)
0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0
Rdt k^m (1)
0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 Nguon: Tdng hdp ket qua dieu tra, l<hao sat cua tac gia
quan ly va lao ddng tai cac nha nghi, khach san va nha hang an udng, doanh nghiep Iff hanh va 200 phieu dieu tra du khach. Sau khi thu vd va lam sach, cdn 524 mlu du dieu kien de dffa vao nghien cffu chinh thffc.
Bang hdi sff dung thang do Likert 5 mffe do de danh gia, vdi 1 - rat kem va 5 - rat td't.
KET QUA NGHIEN CLTU
He thdng quy hoqch, chinh sdch cua Nhd niidc vd chinh quyen diaphUcfng
Trong so' 3 tinh Nam Dong bang sdng Hong, thi chi cd quy hoach phat trien du lich cua tinh Thai Binh va Nam Dinh cdn hieu Iffc. Cu the la Quyet dinh sd 3562/
QD-UBND, ngay 19/12/2017 cua UBND tinh Thai Binh vd viec phe duyet Quy hoach Phat trien du lich tinh Thai Binh den nam 2025, dinh hffdng de'n nam 2030 va Quyet dinh sd 1501/QD-UBND, ngay 01/09/2011 cua UBND tinh Nam Dinh ve viec phe duyet Bao cao kinh te - ky thuat dif an lap Quy hoach tdng the phat trien du lich Nam Dinh den nam 2020, tam nhin den nam 2030.
Ve phia tinh Ninh Binh, trffdc dd, ngay 17/12/2007, UBND Tinh da ban hanh Quyet dinh sd 2845/QD- UBND ve viec phe duyet Quy hoach tdng the phat trien du lich tinh Ninh Binh dd^n nam 2010, dinh hffdng den nam 2015. Nam 2017, Sd Du lich tinh Ninh Binh phd'i hdp vdi Vien Nghien cffu Phat trien Du lich lap Quy hoach tdng the phat trien du lich tinh Ninh Binh den nam 2025, dinh hffdng den nam 2030. Ngay
09/08/2017, Tinh da td chffc bao cao ra soat, danh gia tinh hinh thffc hien Chien Iffdc va Quy hoach tdng the phat h-ien du lich Viet Nam den nam 2020, tam nhin deii nam 2030. Hien nay, Quy hoach nay dang ddi UBND Tinh phe duyet.
Danh gia cua can bd quan ly nha nffdc ve quy hoach phat trien du lich ben vffng cua ba tinh Ninh Binh, Nam Dinh, Thai Binh tren 4 ngi dung: Md hinh du lich;
Phan khu dich vu du lich; Phan khu dich vu hd trd; va Tuyen, diem du lich dffdc the hien d Bang I. Theo dd, cac chi tieu dffdc danh gia td't trd len chiem ty le cao (tren 58%), dac biet la quy hoach phan khu dich vu du lich (64,54% danh gia rat td't va tdt).
Hdn nffa, cac doanh nghiep du lich cung danh gia rat cao vai trd cua cd quan quan ly nha nffdc khi quy hoach chien Iffdc phat trien du lich ben vffng cua dia phffdng, vdi tren 90% cho rang, rat tdt va td't. Trong khi dd, 61,8% ngffdi dan dia phffdng xung quanh diem du lich the hien sff ddng y khi dffdc hdi ve quy hoach phat trien du lich dia phffdng.
Ve chinh sach phat trien du lich ben vffng cua dia phffdng. Bang 2 cho biet, danh gia cua doanh nghiep ddi vdi quan ly phat trien du lich, tao mdi trffdng thu hut dau tff, phat trien ngudn nhan life, phat trien loai hinh va san pham du lich, xue tien quang ba du lich... deu rat tdt.
Dac biet la chinh sach ve quan ly phat trien du lich (72,63% danh gia td't trd len) va dam bao dn dinh chinh tri, an ninh qudc phdng va trat tif an toan xa hdi (93,19%
danh gia tdt trd len).
Ngffdi dan cung kha ddng thuan vdi chinh sach phat trien du lich ben vffng cua dia phffdng khi 62,8% sd'ngffdi dffdc hdi ddng y vdi chu trffdng, chinh sach ve du lich cua dia phffdng.
Vai trd cua qudn ly nhd nUdc trong hoqt dgng lien ket vd xiic tien du lich
Thffc te'phat trien cua du lich cac tinh phia Nam Ddng bang sdng Hdng trong vdng 10 nam qua cho tha'y, boat dgng lien ke't du lich giffa cac tinh vdi nhau, cung nhff mffe do ddng gdp cua hiep hoi du lich cac tinh cdn d mffe ban che.
Cl tinh Ninh Binh, mac du da difdc quan tam dau tff, nhffng nhin chung cong tac xue tien, quang ba du lich cdn khiem ton, hieu qua chffa cao, kinh phi dau tif tha'p; cac an pham quang ba cho du lich chung eua Tinh cdn It vd sd Iffdng, quy m6 nhd hep, ngi dung va hinh thffc ddn gian, chffa phu hdp vdi cac thi trffdng khach
124
Kinh tevaDi; baoi
khac nhau; viec tiep can cac thi trffdng khach qud'c te cdn nhieu ban che, viec nghien cffu, ldng ghep giffa phat trien san pham vdi cac boat ddng xue tien, quang ba chffa nhip nbang. Mat khac, Ninh Binh chffa xay dffng dffdc chieii Iffdc xue tien quang ba du lich de tff dd cd nhffng chffdng trinh hanh ddng cu the cho cac ben tham gia boat ddng xue tien quang ba du lich mdt each hieu qua.
Dd'i vdi Thai Binh, xac dinh tam quan trgng cua nganh du lich trong Vung va vai trd cua lien ket trong phat trien du lich, nhffng nam qua, Tinh da tang cffdng cdng tac phd'i hdp, lien ket vung de tao ra nhffng bffdc chuyen dang ke trong boat ddng xue tie'n du lich. Mac du vay, boat ddng cua Hiep hdi Du lich tinh Thai Binh chffa phat buy hieu qua. Hiep hdi dffdc thanh lap tff nam 2004, nhffng den nam 2016 mdi td chffc Dai hgi nhiem ky thff 2, giai doan 2016-2021. Cac boat ddng cua Hdi mdi chi dffng lai la td chffc tga dam;
ky ket cac van ban hdp tac; khao sat cac boat dgng du lich d tinh ban de giao Iffu hgc hdi kinh nghiem; va van ddng cac doanh nghiep kinh doanh ITnh vifc du lich trong Tinh gia nhap Hiep hgi.
O Nam Dinh, lien ket giffa cac san pham du lich, nha't la nhffng san pham du lich dac thu cua Tinh vdi cac dia phffdng trong Ddng bang sdng Hong va cac tinh phia Bac vdi vai trd la diem nhan tren hanh trinh tour, tuyen cdn ban che, rdi rac. Hiep hdi Du lich tinh Nam Dinh thanh lap nam 2010, den nay gdm 95 thanh vien, vdi 2 chi hdi d cac khu du lich bien: Quat Lam (Giao Thuy) va Thinh Long (Hai Hau).
Hoat ddng cua Hiep hgi chu yeu tap trung vao viec kien toan bd may td chffc, lien ket tffdng trd nhau giffa cac hgi vien trong Tinh, nhff: quang ba gidi thieu thdng tin ve doanh nghiep, san pham hang hda dich vu cua cac doanh nghiep hgi vien tren cac an pham, tren trang thdng tin dien tff, cung cap tbdng tin ve kinb te thi trffdng lien quan den du lich de hdi vien td chffc kinh doanh; cac doanh nghiep hdi vien hd trd nhau trong viec td chffc cac sif kien, nhff: khai trffdng mua du lich bien hang nam tai cac khu du lich bien, td chffc hdi thi dieu sao..., chff chffa cd Uen ket ndi bat nao vdi cac tinh Ian can.
Theo ket qua dieu tra, khach den dia phffdng chu yeu tif td chffc va tap trung nhau lai de di. Ket qua cung cho tha'y, chi cd 29,6% du khach thifc hien chuyen di do doanh nghiep Iff hanh td chffc, cdn
HINH 1: Cd C A U KHACH DU LICH DEN NAM DONG B A N G SONG HONG THEO HINH THtfC TO CHCfC
I mot minli I gia dinli I tlieo doan
HINH 2: DANH GIA VE HOAT DONG XUC TIEN DU LICH d NAM DONG BANG SONG HONG
- Xue tidn thj trLrcrng mai
Khai thac c a hpi thj trijang 1
mdi 1
}
- Hi#u qud qudng ba vao 1 phan dogn thj trucng mcri 1
b
• oosB™^^^^
RHV '""'
• ^ ^ • 0 4 1
• Kem (2)
• Trung binh (3)
• Tot (4)
• Rat tot (5)
000 010 020 030 040 OSO
Nguon: Tdng hdp ket qua diSu tra cua tac gia
tdi 70,4% la do du khach tff td chffc chuyen di cua hg.
Phffdng tien chinh ma khach du lich sff dung trong chuyen di la d td vdi dac diem la di theo doan (54%) va theo gia dinh (42%) (Hinh 1). Nhff vay, doanh nghiep Iff hanh chffa cd vai trd cao trong quyet dinh Iffa chgn each thffc td chffc chuyen di cua du khach.
Hinh 2 cho biet, can bd quan ly nha nffdc danh gia boat ddng xue tien thi trffdng mdi, khai thac cd hdi thi trffdng mdi, bieu qua quang ba vao phan doan thi trffdng mdi chu yeu d mffe trung binh trd xud'ng. Dieu nay cho tha'y, cac doanh nghiep Iff hanh va cd quan quan ly nha nffdc chffa phat huy dffdc vai trd cung cap thdng tin ve du lich cua dia phffdng den vdi du khach.
Dau tUphdt trien du lich Dau tunudc ngodi
Hien tai, ca 3 tinh Ninh Binh, Nam Dinh, Thai Binh chffa cd dif an dau tff trffc tiep nffdc ngoai vao ITnh vffc du lich, day cung la tinh trang chung cua mdt so tinh Ian can. Nguyen nhan chu ye^u la do cac diem du lich chffa thffc sff hap dan nha dau tff nffdc ngoai, nha't la cac diem du lich sinh thai tif nhien cua tinh Nam Dinh hay Thai Binh chffa thffc sff ndi bat va hap dan. Ben canh dd, cac dieu kien ve ket cau ha tang, dac biet la giao thdng tdi cac diem du lich cdn ye^u, chat Iffdng dich vu phue vu du khach chffa dam bao.
Dau tu trong nude
Phan ldn vd'n dau tff phat trien danh cho du lich d cac tinh Nam Dong bang sdng Hong la tff vd'n nha nffdc. Viec thu hut cac ngudn vd'n khac cho dau tff phat trien ket cau ha tang phue vu du Uch cdn gap nhieu khd khan, cac nha dau tff it quan tam den viec bd vd'n dau tff vao ha tang du lich, vi tam ly chung deu cho rang, Nha nffdc phai dam nhiem cac cdng viec tren, cdn cac nha dau tff chi chu trgng nhffng Unh vffc dau tff boat ddng kinh doanh, nhff:
khach san, nha hang... de khai thac ngay. Do dd, ngudn vd'n khac dau tff cho ha tang du lich cdn tha'p.
Economy and Forecast Review
125
BANG 3: DANH GIA VE DAU TCf PHAT TRIEN DU LjCH BEN VCJfNG CUA CAC TINH 6 NAM DONG BANG SONG HONG
DVT: %
Chi tigu - Moi tru'dng dau tif
- Thtfc hien cac dtf an dau tu" trong nifdc - Dau tif phat trien nguon nhan life - Dau tu' phat trien ccf sd vat chat ha tang du lich
Ra't tot (5) 12,14
9,22 7,09 5,72
T6't (4) 46,43 42,55 39,72 48,57
Trung binh (3)
38,57 43,97 48,23 42,14
Kem (2) 2,86 4,26 4,96 3,57
Rat kem (1)
0 0 0 0 Ngudn: Tdng lidp ket qua dieu tra, khao sat cua tac gia
Can cff ndi dung quy hoach, cac tinh da cd nhieu boat dgng xue tien keu ggi dau tff, nhffng thifc te^ cdng tac dau tff khdng theo dung quy hoach, mot phan do ngudn vd'n qua nhd so vdi nbu cau, mot phan do dinh hffdng quy hoach khdng phu hdp, thieu tinh kha thi.
Theo y kie^n cua cac can bd quan ly nha nffdc, nhin chung ndi dung dau tff phat trien du lich d cac tinh Nam Dong bang sdng Hdng la td't, nhffng rieng dau tff phat trien ngudn nhan life can phai cd chinh sach phu hdp hdn trong viec phan bd vdn va chien Iffdc phat trien lau dai (53,19% danh gia dau tff phat trien ngudn nhan life d mffe do trung binh va kem). Day la mdt trong nhffng chi tieu quan trgng danh gia phat trien nang life du lich cua cac tinh va duy tri sff phat trien ben vffng cho du lich.
GIAI PHAP,NANG CAO HIEU QUA QUAN LY NHA Nu'dc VE DU LjCH
Thdc nhdt, cdc tinh cdn xdy dUng vd hodn thien ccf che, chinh sdch phdt trien du lich. Cd che' chinh sach thdng thoang, cdi md la chia khda thanh cdng trong viec thu hut dau tff ndi chung va dau tff du lich ndi rieng. Kinh nghiem cua nhieu dia phffdng cho tha'y tinh bieu qua cua viec "chi xin cd che^, khdng xin tien"
trong thu hut dau tff. Dd'i vdi cac tinh Nam Dong bang sdng Hdng, viec van dung de nghien cffu xay dffng va ban hanh nhffng cd che chinh sach ffu dai dac thii dd'i vdi phat trien du lich la rat quan trgng.
Ngoai ra, can xa hdi hda dd'i vdi viec tao dffng hinh anh du lich d tinh Nam Dong bang sdng Hdng.
Ddng thdi, khuye'n khich cac thanh phan kinh te' tham gia boat ddng kinh doanh du lich dffdi cac hinh thffc ket hdp cdng - tff, hinh thanh cdng ty du lich diJa tren sd hffu ke't hdp giffa Nha nffdc vdi tff nhan. Khuyen khich thffc hien xa hoi hda dau tff, bao ve, tdn tao di tich phue vu phat trien du lich. Hoan thien quy dinh ve dao tao va che do dai ngo ddi vdi lao ddng du lich.
Thd hai, day mqnh thu hdt ddu tu cho phdt trien du lich. Xay dffng chinh sach ffu dai dau tff dac biet dd'i vdi khu du lich dffdc xac dinh la khu du lich qud'c gia, co tiem nang to ldn de phat trien du lich;
ffu dai dau tff vao dia ban ndng thdn co tiem nang phat trien manh, dac biet dau tff vao khai thac van hda ban dia phue vu cho phat trien du lich. Tang cffdng cdng tac xue tidn, thu hut va cd cd che, chinh sach ffu dai de thu hut dau tff tnfc tiep nffdc ngoai, hoac ngudn vdn dau tif tff cgng ddng ngffdi Viet Nam d nffdc ngoai. Coi day la kenh huy ddng nguon vd'n dau tff, la kenh tiep thu chuyen giao cdng nghe va ky thuat tien tie^n va la thi trffdng gffi khach du lich.
Thd ba, ndng cao ndng lytc vd hieu qua qudn ly du lich. Xac dinh chinh xac cMc nang, nhiem vu, quyen ban ngi dung quan Iy hanh chinh nha nffdc cua cac cap trong quan ly du lich. Nang cao tnnh dp, nang life va kie'n thffc chuyen mdn cua can bg va nban vien trong bd may hanh chinh quan Iy du lich.
Thd tu, tdng cudng ddu tuxdy dUng va.
hodn thien ke't cdu hq tdng, tao dieu kien thuan Idi hdn cho phat trien du lich tren dia ban. Quan trgng khdng kem la, cae tinh can day manh lien ket phat trien san pham du lich, ket nd'i tuyen du lich, xay dffng thffdng hieu du lich.Q
TATLIEU THAM XHA.0
1. UBND tinh Nam Dinh (2012). Quye't dinh sd 1013/QD-UBND, ngdy 16/07/2012 vi viec phe duyet quy hoqch phdt trien du lich tinh Nam Dinh den ndm 2020, dinh hudng de'n ndm 2030
2. UBND tinh Ninh Binh (2018). Quye't dinh sd 1124/QD-UBND, ngdy 30/08/2018 vi viec phe duyet quy hoqch phdt trien du lich tinh Ninh Binh de'n ndm 2025, dinh hudng de'n ndm 2030
3. UBND tinh Thai Binh (2017). Quye't dinh so 3562/QD-UBND, ngdy 29/12/2017 vi viec phe duyet quy hoqch phdt trien du lich tinh Thdi Binh de'n ndm 2025, dinh hudng de'n ndm 2030
4. Sd Van hda. The thao va Du lich tinh Nam Dinh (2017). Bdo cdo ke't qud thUc hien cdng tdc du hch ndm 2017 vd phuang hudng, nhiem vu ndm 2018
5. Sd Du lich tinh Ninh Binh (2017). Bdo cdo ke't qud thuc Men cdng tdc du lich ndm 2017 vii phuong hudng, nhiem vu ndm 2018
6. Sd Van hda. The thao va Du lich tinh Thai Binh (2017). Bdo cdo ke't qud thuc hien cdng tdc du lich ndm 2017 vd phuang hudng, nhiem vu ndm 2018
