Tgp chi Khoa hgc Trudng Dgi hgc Cdn Tfio Phdn C- Khoa hoc Xa ligi. Nhdn vdn vd Gido due: 26 (2013): 13-21
Tap chi Khoa hpc Tru'dng €)ai hpc Can Thd
website: sj.ctu.edu.vn 1
TlTA D E : B A I BAO N G H I E N ClfV N G A N H N G O N N O C : D O DAI V A KJ&T CAU PHO BIEN
Do Xuan Hai' va Nguyen Van Nd' ' Khoa Suphgm, Trudng Bgi hgc Cdn Tlia Thong tin chung:
Ngdy nhgn: 10/12/2012 Ngay chdp nhgn: 19/06/2013 Title:
Research article titles in Linguistics: Typical length and prevalent structural construction Tirkhda:
Bdi bdo nghien ciru. tiita di, ngon ngu hgc, khoi liiu, tap chi Keywords:
Research articles, titles.
linguistics, corpus, journals
ABSTRACT
This article addresses the issues of length and structural construction of research article titles in Linguistics in Vietnamese.
Systematic and carejul examination of a corpus of 260 titles representing 260 research articles selected from 51 issues in two leading Journals in Linguistics published between 2010 and 2012 in Vietnam led to data-based specifications of the two constructs under investigation. Due to the limited size and scope of the corpus, call for replication research is made by the researchers in the hope that findings of this study will be validated through fiirther investigation into the same research topic by other researchers. Discipline-base'4i-j and cross-disciplinary research agenda is also suggested. •/' TOM T A T
Trong bdi viit nay, chiing tdi^ xem xet vd bdo cao do ddi cUng nhu cdu_ true pho bien cua tua di bdi_ bdo nghiin cuu nganh ngon ngir xudt ban bdng tiing Viet tren khdi liiu gdm 260 tua di trich ra tie 260 bdi bdo nghien cuu ddng tdi trin hai tgp chi chuyin nganh ng^
nga hang ddu tgi Viet Nam trong khodng thdi gian 2010 vd 2012, ' Do sd lugng vd pham vi khdi liiu trong nghien cuu nay cdn hgn eld, '\
chung toi mong se cd nhiing nghiin cuu lap lgi giup xdc nhan gid tri dung dan cho kit qua nghien cuu cua chung tdi. Chiing tdi cUn^ di nghi phat triin hudng nghien cuu cdc ngi dung nay cho tua de bdi bdo nghien cuu khoa hoc trong cdc chuyin nganh khdc vd giiia cdc chuyen nganh trong tiing Viit.
1 GlOlTHIfiU
Do tam quan ygng trong viec ph6 biln va hudng den sy ding thuan kiln thiic yong cong ddng khoa hpc, cong vdi ap luc nhiing ngudi lam nghien ciiu khoa hpc phai cong bo kit qua nghien eiiu ciia minh tren cac tap chi chuyen nganh co uy tin. bai bao nghien ciiu co le la thi loai dugc quan tam nhilu nhit trong cac nghien cim Ihl loai cho din nay, dac biet la yong tiing Anh. Ngudi co dong gop Idn cho
sy bimg n6 nghien eiiu yong ITnh vuc nay tit ba thap ky qua la Swales khi 6ng xuit ban nghien ciiu Aspects of article introductions (Swales, 1981) va sau do la cu6n sach quan trgng Genre analysis: English in academic and research settings^ (Swales, 1990), dat nin tdng ly thuyet ban dau cho nghien ciiu phin dSn nhap bai bao nghien ciiu yong tieng Anh. Ly thuylt nay eua Swales khong nhimg da dugc ap dung cho rat nhilu nghien ciiu thi loai ve
Tgp chi Khoa hgc Trudng Dgi hgc Cdn Tha Phdn C: Khoa hoc Xd hoi, Nhdn van va Gido due: 26(2013) 13-21
phan md diu bai bao nghien ciiu khoa hgc trong tiing Anh va nhilu thu tiing khae (vi du:
Samraj, 2002; Jogthong, 2001; Adnan, 2011), nia eon md rgng cho nghien cihi cac phan khac cua mgt bai bao nghien ciiu nhu phin Tom tdt (vi dy, Pho Phuong Dzung, 2008), phin Tdng quan tdi lieu (vi du, Lim 2006), phan Kit qua (vi du, Brett, 1994), phin Thao luan (vi du, Hopkins & Dudley Evans, 1988) va phin Kit luan (vi du, Ruiying & Allison, 2003).
So vdi cac phan khac, nhihig nghien ciru phan tya de bai bao nghien ciiu nhan duge sy chii y rit khiem t6n yong ITnh vuc phan tich thi loai yong tieng Anh (Anthony, 2001;
Cheng, Kuo, & Kuo, 2012). Dilu nay cung diing vdi tinh hinh nghien ciiu van de nay trong tiing Viet (xem Trinh Sam, 2000). Su thieu hut nhung khao sat chuyen sau ve tua de bai bao nghien cuu la thiet thoi Idn cho nhung nha nghidn ciiu cd it kinh nghiem xuit ban.
Tuy bai bao dugc viet hay nhung cau tao tya de khong tot co thS din din noi dung khong dugc dugc dua den dgc gia dl dang va nhanh chdng. Ngay nay, co rat nhilu bai bao dugc xuat ban vdi noi dung phong phii va da dang, vi vay khi dgc gia muon tim dugc bai bao phii hgp vdi yeu cau cua minh thi phan Idn hg dya vao tya de bai bao. Do d6, "diim tilp xiic dau tien" giiia tac gia bai bao va ngudi dgc se la tua dl bai bao (Haggan, 2004, tt. 296)- phin dugc tim dpe diu tien trudc khi ngudi dgc quyet dinh cd dgc tiep noi dung hay khong (Haggan, 2004; Jalilifar, 2010). Noi nhu Day (1994, din theo Anthony, 2001): "tya dl bai bao khoa hgc se dugc dgc bdi hang ngan ngudi", nhung "rit it ngudi, nlu c6, dgc toan bgbaibao"(y. 15).
D I dap ling nhu cau vilt t6t mpt bai bao nghien cuu, nhilu tai lieu hudng din hay de tai nghien cihi da dugc xuat ban trong do cd dl C9p din viec xay dung mgt tua dl hieu qua cho bai bao nghien ciiu (vi du: Day, 1979; Swales
& Feak, 2004, Trinh Sam. 2000; Pham Thi Bao, 2008; Nguyen Van Tuin, 2011). Nhimg hudng din yong cac tai lieu nay, ben canh khia canh hiiu ich ho trg viet tya 6h bang each
dua ra mgt so hudng dan viet mang tinh ggi y, lai CO the bi phe phan vi nhung hudng dan do khong th6ng nhit vdi nhau giiia cac tac gia.
Them vao do, mSt so hudng dan cdn mang tinh ap dat, dya yen cam tinh va quan sat chii quan cua tac gia, hoac dya yen so lugng khoi lieu lam ngii lieu phan tich chua du Idn va chua chii y din dac thu bai bao nghien ciiu tiing chuyen nganh. Vi du, ve do dai ciia mgt tya dl bai bao nghien cihi, hudng din dua ra la
"ngSn"' (Day, 1979, Pham Thi Bao, 2008, Nguyin van Tuin, 2011), nhung Swales &
Feak (2004) thi lai cho ring d6 dai ngan cdn tiiy tung chuyfin nganh. Ben canh do, do
"ngan"' va ''dai" con la khai ni6m phu thugc vao quan diem yi giac ciia moi ngudi n6n de xac dinh chung, can phai co nhiing nghien ciiu dua yen du lieu dl xac dinh so hay khoang so CO gidi han cu the tao ca sd cho sy so sanh chinh xac. Thuc ra, nhiing nghien ciiu dya tren phan tich khoi Heu gan day cho thay co sy khac biet ve d6 dai va cau tnic cua tya de bai bao giira cac nganh nghien cuu khac nhau yong ti§ng Anh (vi du: Haggan, 2004; Soler, 2007; Wang & Bai, 2007) va giua cac ngon ngii khac nhau (vi du: Soler, 2011). Theo tim hieu ciia chiing toi, dudng nhu chua co nhiing cong yinh chuyen sau tuang tu dugc cong bo yong ITnh vuc nghien ciiu ngon ngu tiing Viet.
Trong nghien ciiu nay, chiing toi tim hieu hai npi dung sau: (i) do dai pho bien eiia tya de, dugc tinh bang so lugng tiing co yong mgt tya de, va (ii) cau tnic tya de dua tren phan tich khoi lieu gom 260 tya de ehpn ra tir 260 bai bao nghien cuu yong cac so tap chi xuit ban tir thang 01/2010 din thang 02/2012 ciia tap chi Ngon Ngic va tii thang 01/2010 din thang 3/2012 eua tap chi Ngon Ngic vd Ddi Sdng, hai tap chi nghien cuu ngon ngii uy tin d Viet Nam. Chiing toi chgn dan vi tieng lam don vi CO ban de lugng hoa do dai tya dl bai bao nghien cuu nganh ngon ngii yong tiing Viet thay vi dan vi tii nhu cac nghien ciiu yong tieng Anh da thyc hien (vi du: Haggan, 2004; Soler, 2007; Wang & Bai, 2007). Thir nhat la do dac thu cua dan vj tieng va tCr yong tieng Viet. Sy dan xen, giao nhau va do vay nhieu khi kho phan biet ciia hai don vi nay eo
Tgp chi Khoa hgc Trudng Dai hoc Cdn Tha Phdn C: Khoa hoc .\d hoi, Nhdn vdn vd Gido due 26 (2013): 13-2!
thi thay ^uoc trong dinh nghTa v l tii sau day eua D6 HCm Chau (2006, y . 29):
Tu cua tiing Viet la mot hoac mot so dm tiit cd dinh. bdt biin vi hinh thuc ngie dm theo cdc quan he hinh thdi hoc (nhu quan he ve so, vi giSng ...) vd cuphdp trong cau. nam trong mot kiiu cdu tgo nhdt dinh, mang nhung dac diim nga phap nhdt dinh. ung vai nhiing nghia nhat dinh, sdn co ddi v&i moi thdnh vien cua xdhdi Viet Nam...
Tiing yong tiing Viet la mgt loai hinh vi d^c biet vi no trimg vdi am tiet, nhung chua doi lap bin vdi tir vi tuy mgt so Idn tieng trong tieng Viet la tu, nhung mgt so tieng khac thi lai chua dap irng het cac yeu cau can co ciia mgt tir (Nguyen Tai Can, 1998). Tuy nhien, theo Diep Quang Ban (2005a), hien nay co su thua nhan giifa cac nha nghien ciiu ngon ngu d Viet Nam ring tiing la yeu to ca sd cua tir.
Cung theo tac gia nay, cai bieu hien eua tieng CO v6 am thanh tuong duong am tiet va cai dugc bieu hien ciia tieng dugc xac dinh dya tren y nghTa, tir do ta co tieng co y nghTa va tieng khong co y nghTa.
Ben canh do. do co nhieu co sd cho viec phan loai tir trong tieng Viet nen co the din din vin dl cho viee so sanh eac ket qua nghien ciiu nlu tac gia ehpn cac co sd phan loai khac nhau. Vi du, theo Do Hiiu Chau (2006) va Nguyen Tai Can (1998), tir yong tieng Viet co the dugc phan loai theo am tiet (tir don tilt, tir da tiet), theo tir to (tir dan, tir phiic), theo ngii' nghTa (tir co nghia thuc, tir co nghTa hu) hay theo ngu6n glc tir (tir thuin Viet, tu Han Viet).
Trong nghien cim nay, yudc hit chiing toi ehpn don vi tieng vi day la yeu to co sd ciia tir va vi chung toi se sir dung chiic nang Word Count cua phin mem Microsoft Word 2003 d l tinh dp dai tya de, viee ehpn don vi tiing se la ca sd quy chieu chuan cho cac nghien ciru tuang tu se dugc tien hanh. Nhd vao do, viec tang cudng dp tin cay ciing nhu so sanh kit qua gitla cac nghien ciiu se dugc thuc hien thuan tien va chinh xac hon.
Ket qua eua nghien ciiu nay se gop phin dua ra bing chiing dir lieu eu thi hoa, djnh
lugng nhung hudng dan xay dung tya de bai bao cho nganh nghien ciru ngon ngii d Viet Nam. Chiing toi ciing hy vgng kit qua nghien cuu cua chiing toi se giiip dinh hudng hay lam bang chiing tham khao chonhung ngudi chua CO nhilu kinh nghiem xuit ban nghien cmi nganh ngon ngu- bing tieng Viet va cac giang viSn day cac hge phan cd lien quan den each vilt bai bao nghien ciiu cho nganh hgc nay trong eac yudng dai hgc d Viet Nam.
2 PHU*0NG PHAP NGHIEN CUtJ 2.1 Tao khdi li€u
Chiing toi bat diu vi^c chuan bi khoi lieu cho d l tai bing each chgn tap chi nghien cuu tir d6 ehpn ra bai bao nghien eiiu va tach phan tya d l . Sy lua chgn hai tap chi Ngdn ngii va Ngon ngu vd Doi Song dam bao cac tieu chi ma Nwogu (1997) dua ra v l chgn nguon dii lieu tu do xay dyng khii lieu: (i) tinh dai dien cho cac tap chi nghien cuu chuySn nganh ngon ngu d Viet Nam, (ii) uy tin chuyen mon ciia tap chi, va (Hi) ngudi lam nghien ciiu phai tiep can dugc cac tap ehi nay. Ben canh do, khoi lieu dugc tao lap con dap ling cac tieu chi tuang duong quan trgng khac nhu ciing thdi gian xuat ban, cap nhat, hai tap chi nay deu co quy yinh phan bien khoa hgc cac bai dang trong tap chi ciia minh. Tuy vay, do hai tap chi khong CO cac tiSu de cho thay bai viet dugc in trong so tap chi co phai la bai bao nghien ciiu hay khong, chiing toi thiy cin thilt phai xay dyng mgt bg tieu chi giup xac dinh bai bao nghien ciiu yong tap hgp nhiing bai viet dugc in de tir do tach ra cac tua d l phuc vu cho nghien ciru.
Tren ca sd xem xet khii lieu nghien ciiu, trao doi rieng vdi mpt bien tap vien duang nhiem nhieu kinh nghiem bien tap bai bao khoa hgc nganh ngon ngu-, tham khao Th6ng tu 16 /2009/TT-BGDDT (Chuong 1, Dilu 2), ke thira va phat trien cac dinh nghia va tieu chi xac dinh bai bao nghien cuu frong tiing Viet ciia Him Dat (2001), Diep Quang Ban (2005b) va Nguyen Van Tuin (2011), chiing toi sii dung cac dac diim sau d l xac djnh bai bao nghien ciiu:
Tgp chi Khoa hgc Trudng Dgi hgc Cdn Tha PhdnC: Khoa hgc Xa hgi, Khdnvdnvd Gido due- 26 (2013). 13-21 (i) La van ban co do dai tii 2.000 den dudi
10.000 tii va ciu thanh bdi nhilu doan van.
(ii) Co ciu true t6ng thi d l dang nhan bilt dugc bdi cac chuyen gia trong ITnh vyc nghien cuu.
(iii) c a u tnic tong the cua mgt bai bao nghien ciiu thudng co hai d?ng:
Tua d l - (Tom tit) - Dat vin d l - Noi dung - Ket luan - Tai lieu tham khao, hoac
Tya dk - (Tom tit) - Dat van d l - Phuang phap nghien ciiu - Ket qua - Thao luan - K i t luan - Tai lieu tham khao.
(iv) Da yai qua quy yinh phan bien khoa hoc va dugc in trong tap chi chuyen nganh, ky yeu hfii thao, tap chi khoa hgc ciia vien nghien cihi, trudng dai hgc.
(v) Trinh bay nghien cdu da thuc hien dugc to chiic CO he thong vdi muc dich: md rpng kien thiic cho ITnh vyc nghien ciiu, hoac/va phuc vu muc dich irng dung, giai quylt vin d l yong thuc tiin ddi s6ng.
Ddi chieu vdi cac bai viet dang \xBn eac so tap chi la ngu6n ngii lieu, chiing toi da chgn ra dugc 260 bai bao nghien ciiu thoa man eac tieu chi tren. Thong tin ca ban ve khoi lieu dugc sii dung cho nghien cuu nay duge trinh bay trong Bang 1.
Bang 1: Th6ng tin ca ban vl khdi lieu Ten tap Cac so tap r / ^ l S6 tira Sk chi chi . ' auffc chon
chon Ngon
Ngii
1,2/2012 1-12/2011 1-12/2010 Ngon 1+2,3/2012 Ngitva 1+2-12/2011 DdiSln^ 1+2-12/2010
10 65 63 15 52 55
10 65 63 15 52 55
T d n g cQng 260
2.2 Quy trinh thyc hien nghien cihi Sau khi da tgo dugc khoi lieu, chiing toi da thyc hien quy trinh nghiSn ciiu nhu sau:
2.2.} Tim hieu do ddi tua di
(i) Nhap chinh xac cac tya d l tir cac bai bao
dugc ehpn vao 1 file Word, tien hanh gan mot ma s6 cho m6i tya d l vdi cau yuc bao gom chii va s6 yong do hai ky ty chii cai dai dien cho ten tap chi va s6 tilp sau do la dai di§n cho thir tu tya d l bai bao nghien ciiu. Vi du: N N I , DS122.
(ii) Diing chiic nang Word Count cua Word 2003 d l dim s6 lugng tiing cd yong moi tya de. Vi du: vdi tya de Su linh hogt ciia tieu diem trong cdu hoi, ket qua dem se cho ket qua la CO 09 tieng trong tya dd nay.
(iii) Tao mgt file Excel 2003. Sir dung cac ma so tua d l lam yeu to dinh danh, nhap so lugng tieng dem dugc vao moi 6 tuong ling.
Diing Excel 2003 de ti'nh toan dp dai yung binh cua cac tya d l (AVERAGE), tya d l cd nhi6u tieng nhit (MAX), tya d l co it tiing nhit (MIN), tya de vdi s6 tieng dugc nhieu tac gia su dung nhit (MODE).
(iv) Trong file Excel 2003 da tao, ti'nh toan tan suat xuat hien ciia tya de vdi so lugng tieng nim ben phai va ben yai tham s6 MODE d6 phan lap va quyet djnh md bien do ti'nh toan pham vi s6 lugng tiing cho tya d l dugc nhilu tac gia su dung nhit. Chiing toi van dung ty le xac dinh la 60% (Swales, 1990;
Kanoksilapatham, 2005), muc xac dinh cho mpt hanh dong tu tCr bat bugc trong nghien ciiu the loai ESP (English for Specific Purposes - Tieng Anh cho muc dich chuyen biet).
2.2.2 Tim hieu cdu trite tyca de
(i) Xem xet khoi lieu de tim ra cac kieu cau tnic tua de dua tren eau tnic ngu phap cua tir loai chinh yen ca sd tham khao each xac dinh va phan loai ciia Anthony (2001), Haggan (2004), Wang & Bai (207), Soler (2007, 2011), Jalilifar (2010), Cheng, Kuo, & Kuo (2012).
Cac kieu cau tnic sau da duge phat hien trong khoi lieu nghien cuu ciia chiing toi va cac vi du minh hoa eiing duge lay tu kh6i lieu nghien ciiu.
Tua de Id cum danh tir: tua de la cum tu trong do CO thanh phan chinh la danh tir/cum danh tir eo vi tri diing diu cum hi. Vi du:
Su linh boat ciia tieu diim trong cau hoi
Tap chi Khoa hgc Tnrang Dai hoc Cdn Tha Phdn C. Khoa hgc Xd hgi. Nhdn vdn vd Gido due- 26 (2013): 13-21 Y nghia cue cap yong tiing Viet va
tieng Anh
Tua di la cum dong tir. tua de la cum tii yong do CO thanh phan chinh la ddng tii co vi y i dung dau cum tii. Vi du:
Khao sat cac don vi thanh ngu yong tieu thuyet cua Ho Bleu Chanh
Tim hiiu each tao nghTa ciia cac thuat ngu la cum tii trong tieng Anh
Tua di Id cum giai tie: tua de la cum tir diing dau bing mgt gidi tu. Vi du:
v l chu ngu- gia trong tieng Viet v l nhung con dudng tao ra thuat ngii iuat sd hiiu yi tue tiing Viet
Tua di ghep: Tya d l bao gom hai phan, dugc phan each bang dau hai cham hay dau gach ndi ngang. Thudng thi hai phan nay co moi quan he h6 trg nhau v l nghTa. Vi du:
Ngii nghTa cac tu hu: NghTa ciia cau tnic trim tugng
Hoat dgng hanh chiic ciia ngon ngO Nhiing van dgng ben trong
Tua de co tieu de phu: Tya de chira tieu de phu duge danh dau bdi hai diu ngoac don bao quanh tieu d l phu nay.
Hanh vi khen trong hpi thoai day hpc (Khao sat d bac trung hoc eg sd")
Tim hieu hien tugng chuyin nghTa cua nhom tir chi khong gian trong tiing Viet (Hen he vdi tiing Ngal
Tua de Id mgt cdu hoi: Tya d l nay la cau don day dii, co cau triic la mgt cum chii vi, kit thuc bing diu hoi. Vi du:
Thdi gian yong tiing Viet la ylu t6 co tinh pho quat?
(ii) Tao ma cho cac ciu yuc phat hien dugc yong cac tya dl: NP dai dien cho cum danh tii, VP cho cum dong tii, PP cho cum gidi tii, CP cho eau tinic ghep, SB cho ciu Uiic tya d l co tieu dl phu, va QS cho tya d l la mgt eau hoi.
Nhgp nhiing ma nay vao vi yi tuang ling trong khoi lieu trong file Excel. Nhimg yra dl da
dugc nhap vao mgt loai roi thi khong dugc tinh them vao loai khac.
(iii) Dimg Excel 2003 d l tiin hanh thong ke.
3 K E T QUA VA T H A O LUAN 3.1 Do dai cua tua de bai bao nghien cvu
nganh ngon ngir trong tieng Vigt Bang 2 cho thay ket <jua mgt so noi dung tim hieu ve do dai tua de bai bao nghien ciiu nganh ngon ng& trong tieng Viet tu khdi lieu (N=260) yong nghien ciiu nay. Cd the thiy rang pham vi bien thien ciia so lugng tieng yong mgt tira de la rat rgng, tir 3 den 38, tuy nhien nhiing trudng hgp ca biet nay rat hilm gap.
Bang 2: Tua de bai bao nghien ciru trong khoi lif u va so lu^ng tieog
] ^
So luvng lutmg % taa de Noi dung
38 1. Lupng tieng trung j ^ ^^
binh cho mpt tua de ' 2. Lupng tieng nhieu
nhSt cho m^t tya dB 3. Lugng tieng it nhat cho mgt tua de 4. Lupng tiing duac
diing pho bien nhat 14 trong cac tua dg
Cha thick: X^ khong co gid trf
Mgt quan sat thii vj tir kit qua trinh bay yong Bang 2 la do dai trung bmh ciia mpt tua de trong khoi lieu (15.03) va s6 lugng tiing dugc nhieu tac gia sd dung nhit trong tya de (14) la khong co khae biet Idn. Tuy nhien, vi ty le loai tua de nay nho hon nhilu so vdi miic 60%, muc xac dinh miic do ph6 quat sii dung thudng hay sii dung yong nghien ciiu the loai ESP nen chiing toi thay cin phai md rgng bien do so lugng de dam bao miie xac dinh nay.
Ngoai s6 MODE la 14, thii ty s6 lugng tiing dugc cac tac gia sii dung nhilu yong tua d l lan lugt la: 12 (8.85%); 13 (7.69%); 10 (7.31%);
15 (6.92%); 11 va 19 (6.54%). C6 thi thiy dugc miic chan dudi cho bien d6 nay la 10, va neu tinh toan md rgng them ve cac dan vj ben phai so 15 (lugng tir trung binh cho mgt tua
Tgp chi Khoa hgc Tnrang Dgi hoc Cdn Tha Phdn C- Khoa hgc .Xa hoi. Nhdn van vd Gido due: 26 (2013). 13-21 de) thi din s6 18 thi ty le % cong d6n da la
61.53%. Dya tren ca sd phan tich khoi lieu da trinh bay, co the dinh lugng pham vi pho bien cho lugng tiing trong mgt tya de bai bao nghien cuu nganh ngon ngii trong tieng Viet tren thuc t l xuit ban la tur 10 din 18 don vi.
Tuy nhien, chiing toi cho ring pham vi duge xac dinh nay nen dugc xem la mang gia yi tham khao cho cac tac gia se xay dyng tua de cho bai viet nghien cuu trong nganh ngon ngii ciia minh. Cac tac gia hoan toan co the xay dimg tya de dai ban gidi han nay nhu cd thi thiy yong kit qua phan ti'ch khdi lieu. Viee tira de bai bao nghien cuu yong tiing Viet co do dai idn, dac biet yong ITnh vyc khoa hgc xa hgi va nhan van, Uieo ly giai ciia Trinh Sam (2000), CO the la do pham vi nghien ciiu tuong doi hep hoac do dac thii nghien ciiu yong ITnh vyc nay mang tinh nhan van, xa hpi phiic tap, phu thugc vao the gidi quan ciia lac gia, nen can phai cd nhieu tir, cum tu giiip xac dinh pham vi va rao don noi dung se trinh bay.
3.2 Cau true tua de bai bao nghien ciru nganh ngon ngir trong tieng Vi^t Kit qua ciu tnic tya d l bai bao nghien ciiu trong khoi lieu cua nghien cuu nay xet theo cac tieu chi phan loai d muc (i) trong phan 2.2.2 Quy trinh thuc hien nghien cuu d tren 6xigc yinh bay trong Bang 3.
Bang 3: Citi true t i ^ de b&i bdo nghien cihi nganh ngon ngfi*
Can true tya de So lirong Ty If % 1. Tya de la cum danh tii 181 G9.S1 2. Tya de la cym dgng tir 40 15.38 3. Tya de la cum gidi tir II 4.23 4. Tya dl ghep 14 5.38 5. Tya de co tieu de phu 13 5.0 6. Tua dl la cau hoi 1 0.38
Tong 260 100
Nhin vao Bang 3, co the thay ket cau pho biln nhit ma cac tac gia nghien ciiu ngon ngii hpc d Viet Nam dat tya de bai bao nghien cuu eiia minh la cum danh tir. Ket qua nay tuong dong vdi ket qua nghien cuu cua Haggan (2004) vdi cau tnic tya de la cum danh tir dugc tim thay cd ty le cao nhat, d muc 41.85%.
Tuong ty, ket qua yen cung xac nhan ket qua
Soler (2007, 2011) bao cao v l tya d l bai bao nghien eiiu nganh ngon ngir hgc yong tieng Anh va tiing Tay Ban Nha (cao nhat, cd ty le lin lugt la 38%, 60% va 63,75%). Ciing nen luu y la khdi Ii6u yong nghien ciiu ciia Haggan va Soler dugc thu thap tir cac tap chi nghien ciiu ngon ngu idn nhung thdi gian xuat ban each day da kha lau, trong khoang 1996-2002.
CJ Viet Nam, yong nghien cuu cua minh, Trinh s a m (2000) cung cd dugc kit qua la 49,4% tya d l la cum danh td (tdng sd bai bao yong khdi lieu la 100, thu thap tii nam 1975 y d di), dudng nhu day cung la ty le cao nhat yong nghien cuu cua tac gia nay. Tuy nhien, ty le cum danh tir la tya de phat hien yong nghien ciiu ciia chiing tdi van cao nhat so vdi eac ket qua da cong bo. Viec cac tac gia su dung nhieu kieu ciu tnic nay co the duge giai thich bdi chiic nang dinh danh, neu ten ddi tugng nghien ciiu va pham vi nghien ciiu cua danh tu/cum danh tir (Trinh Sam, 2000), kha nang cung cap
\ a nen chat nhieu thdng tin ciia cum danh tu khi ket hgp vdi cac tii, cum tii, menh de khac de thda man tieu chi nhieu thdng tin va chiem it khong gian, nhu thudng duge khuyen khich yong cac tai lieu hudng din viet tya de bat bao nghien cuu (vi du : Day, 1979).
Diem khac bi$t Idn nhat yong ket qua nghien ciiu ciia chiing tdi so vdi cac nghien eiiu eua Haggan (2004), Soler (2007, 2011), Jalilifar (2010), va Cheng, Kuo, & Kuo (2012) da cong bd yong tieng Anh nam d chd hai eau tnic tya d l pho bien nhat yong cac nghien ciiu cua cac tac gia yen l a : (1) cum danh tir, (2) tya d l ghep (Haggan, 2004; Soler, 2007, 2011) va (I) tya de ghep va (2) cum danh tir (Jalilifar. 2010; Cheng, Kuo, & Kuo, 2012) yong khi ket qua nghien cuu ciia chiing toi lai la: (1) cum danh tii va (2) cum ddng tu. Su khac biet yong each eau tao tya de bai bao nghien ciiu ciia cac tac gia ngudi Viet co the cho tha>' dac trung van hoa ngdn ngii rieng ciia nghien cuu ngdn ngir yong tiing Viet. Ngoai ra, cung cd kha nang cac tac gia ngudi Viet viet sau tham khao va bat chudc each xay dung tua de cua nhung ngudi di trudc nhu mgt phuong each an toan cho bai nghien eiiu cua minh, he qua cua viec thieu eac tai lieu hudng
Tgp chi Khoa hoc Trudng Dgi hgc Cdn Tlio Phdn C. Khoa hgc Xa hgi, Nhdn van vd Gido due 26 (2013): 13-21 din cac each khac nhau de xay dung mgt tua
de hi?u qua cho bai bao nghien ciiu chuyen nganh ngdn ngii. Mpt diem khac biet niia la ciu t^o tua de cd tieu de phu dudng nhu la net dac thii cho tya de bai bao nghien cuu ngdn ngii trong tiing Viet vi kieu ciu tao nay hoan toan khdng dugc phat hien va bao cao yong cac nghien ciiu ve tya de bang tieng Anh da neu d yen.
Ggi y cho nhilu su chgn lya hon yong viec xay dyng mgt tya de hieu qua cho bai bao nghien ciiu ITnh vyc ngdn ngii d Viet Nam va xu hudng hien nay yong nghien ciiu quoc te tot nhit se dugc the hien qua so sanh ket qua hai cau tnic tya de pho bien nhat Uong nghien ciiu ciia chiing tdi va hai nghien ciiu gan day ciia Jalilifar (2010) va Cheng, Kuo, & Kuo (2012). Cac tac gia nay xem xet hai tap khoi lieu so lugng Idn nhat va gan day nhat frong cac nghien ciiu da thyc hien (997 tua de ciia cac bai bao khoa hgc chat lugng cao xuat ban trong khoang 2002-2009 yong nghien cuu ciia Jalilifar; va 796 tua de bai bao xuit ban tir nam 1999 den nam 2008 yong nghien ciiu eua Cheng, Kuo & Kuo). Diim chung trong kit qua cua hai nghien ciiu nay la vi yi quan quan, phd bien vugt ydi ve each xay dung tya de ghep cua cac tac gia vilt bai nghien ciiu yong ITnh vuc ngon ngii yong tiing Anh. Co thi thay, lua ehpn xay dyng tya de la cum danh tir, ciu tnic dugc tim thiy phd biln nhit yong nghien ciiru ciia chiing tdi va trong cac ket qua cua Haggan (2004), va Soler (2007, 2011), khdng cdn la sy lya chgn dugc da sd tac gia bai bao nghien cuu uu ai.
cau tnic tya de ghep co mgt sd uu diim quan trgng giiip tac gia bai vilt gidi thieu v l ndi dung nghien ciiu trong bai vilt cua minh mgt each cd hieu qua va thu hiit ngudi dpe.
Thu nhit, eau yiic ghep cho ngudi vilt bai mgt lya chgn phong each xay dung tya d l mdi, mang tinh thay the tot ban cho cac ciu tnic thudng diing khac ma ngudi dgc da quen thudc (Soler, 2007; Cheng et al. 2012). Ben canh do. tua d l ghep chiia dyng va nen nhilu thong tin hon ve nghien eiiu se bao cao yong bai vilt thdng qua mdi lien he giiia hai thanh td cua tya de. vi du eac mdi quan he nguyen nhan - kit
qua, khai quat ~ cu the, ehii de - phuang phap, chinh - phu (Swales & Feak, 2004), hay dinh hudng nghien ciiu - mo ta, chu d l - pham vi nghien eiiu (Anthony, 2001). Ket qua khao sat v l ciu tnic phd bien tua de bai bao nghien ciiu tiing Viet nganh ngdn ngir eiia chung tdi ddng thdi cho thiy dudng nhu nhieu tac gia nghien ciiu ngdn ngii hgc d Viet Nam van chua dugc cap nhat v l xu hudng nay yong cau tao tya dl bai bao nghien ciiu ngdn ngii yen ph^m vi qudc te d l sii dung yong tya de ciia minh.
Thyc t l nay ggi len sy cap thiet yong viec nang cao chit lugng ngon ngii cho bai nghi€n ciiu thong qua viec xem xet tat ca cac ndi dung eua bai bao nghien ciiu nganh ngdn ngii d Viet Nam, yong do cd phin tua de. Can cap nhat va so sanh kit qua khao sat vdi cac ket qua nghien ciiu ciia cac tac gia nude ngoai de xay dung giao yinh. vilt sach tham khao va dua vao giang day each xay dyng bai bao nghien cim chuyen nganh eo chat lugng trong tieng Viet trong cac yudng dai hgc, cac vien nghi6n ciiu ngdn ngii d ViSt Nam.
4 K E T LUAN
Qua bai vilt nay, chiing tdi da trinh bay kit qua nghien ciiu budc dau v l dp dai va ciu yiic tya d l dua tren khao sat 260 tya de cua 260 bai bao nghien ciiu fieng Viet dang trong hai tap chi chuyen nganh ngdn ngir Idn d Vi$t Nam.
Sau day la torn tat mgt sd kit qua nghien ciiu chinh can cii vao qua yinh phan tich du' li6u va so sanh vdi ket qua nghi6n ciiu tuang tu ciia cac tac gia nude ngoai:
(i) Dp dai trung binh eua mgt tua d l bai bao nghien cuu cd chat lugng trong nganh ngon ngii d Viet Nam hien nay la 15 tiing.
(ii) Da so cac tac gia nghien ciiu sd dung tira de cd so tieng dao ddng tir 10 din 18 cho mgt tya de.
(iii) c i u tnic phd biln nhit ciia tira dh bai bao nghien cuu nganh ngdn ngu d Viet Nam la ciu tnic cum danh tii. Ciu tnic phd biln tilp theo la cum dgng tu.
(iv) cau yuc phd biln cua tua d l bai bao nghien ciiu nganh ngdn ngii d Viet Nam cd v6 nhu khdng trimg hgp vdi xu hudng yinh bay
Tgp chi Khoa hgc Trudng Dgi hgc Cdn Tha Phdn C: Khoa hgc Xa hgi, Nhdn van vd Gido due: 26 (2013): 13-21 qudc te. Trong bai vilt nghien ciiu ngdn ngii
bang tieng Anh, pho biln nhat la tua de ghep, sau do mdi din cum danh tu.
Do sd lugng tya d l chiing tdi thu thap dugc de phyc vu cho nghien ciiu nay chua Idn lim, va thdi gian xuat ban tap chi chi gidi ban tCr dau nam 2010 din diu nam 2012, chiing tdi rat mong se cd nhihig nghien ciru vdi quy md khdi lieu Idn han va thdi gian xuit ban tap chi dai han tii cac nha nghien cuu ngdn ngii khac yong tiing Vi|t de gop phan xac dinh gia tri kit qua nghien ciiu nay cua chiing tdi. Nhiing nghien cuu tuong ty vdi khdi lieu tii cac chuyen nganh khac va giiia eac chuyen nganh cung se rat him dung cho viee xac dinh xem lieu do dai va kit cau phd bi8n ciia tya d l bai bao nghien eiiu yong tiing Viet, ngoai anh hudng van hoa trinh bay tua de bai bao nghien ciiu yong cong ddng cac tac gia ngudi Viet Nam, cd chiu anh hudng cua chuyen nganh nghien ciiu hay khdng.
L d l CAM TA
Chiing toi cam an PGS.TS. Trin Thanh Ai da dgc ban thao va cho chiing tdi nhiing nhan xet quy gia de bai viet ro rang va hoan chinh ban.
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