THirC HIEN NGHI QUYET SAI Hdl XI COAOANG
THANH CONG CUA DANG TRONG XUf LY MOI QUAN HE GIUfA DOI Mdi KINH TE VA DOI Mdi CHINH TRf
PGS, TS VU HOANG CONG Hgc vien Chinh tri quoc gia Ho Chi Minh
Tong ket 10 nam thilc hien doi mdi theo Nghj quyet Dai hoi Dang lan thur VI, Bao cao Chinli trj tai Dai hoi VIII (1996) da khang djnh: tien trinh doi mdi cua nUdc ta bat dau tuTdoi mdi tuduy chmh trP trong viec hoach dinh diTomg loi va cac chinh sach doi noi, doi ngoai tir do tien den doi mdi kinh te va doi mdi toan dien cac mat.
Day CO the la cau tra Idi cho cau hoi doi mdi cua Viet Nam bat dau tir dau. Tuy nhien, de biet ro htfn moi quan he giOa doi mdi kinh te va doi mdi chinh trj, can diem qua cac giai doan ciia doi mdi.
1. Giai doan tir nam 1986 den nam 1991 Nhin mdt each lau dai trong thuc tiln Ihi ehinh nhiing mau thuan kinh t l va nhung that bai trong phat trien kinh t l cua dit nude nhiing nam 70, ddu nhung nam 80 dS ddn Dang den ddi mdi tu duy kinh te. Ban ddu la nhung tim toi de thay ddi ca che qudn ly trong khudn khd the ehd kinh te XHCN mang tinh kd hoach hda tap trung, quan Udu, bao cap. Nhung thay ddi ndy nhdm gidi quylt mdi quan he giua ngudi quan iy vdi ngudi san xuat. Nhung sang tao tii eo sd, nhung hien tuong "xe rdo" d nhilu noi nhu Vmh Phii, Dd Son-Hai Phdng, Long An, thdnh phd Hd Chi Minh... (thue ehdt la nhung ddi mdi tu duy kinh te ciia qudn chung nhan dan) da cung cdp eho Dang nhung chdt lieu thuc tl, nhung gpi md di den eac thay ddi ve co ehe quan ly, danh ddu bang nhiing quylt dinh ndi rdng trong quan ly hpp tac xa ndng nghiep va xi nghiep qude doanh.
Trong nong nghiep la khodn 100 (1981). Trong cdng nghiep la "ba phdn k l hoach". Tren lmh vue hang hda tiln te la nhung "sang kiln" "bu gid vdo lirong", xda bd ngan sdng cdm chp.
Nhung nhung thay ddi nay cho tdi trudc Dai hoi VI (1986) wm. chua giai quyet dupe tan ^ nhfii^
1dm ham trong nln kinh ^ , do ray da din 1 ^ nhCtag cau hdi cof ban hon ve CO-c^ Affi/i/i: tiep tuc kinh ^ ke hoach hda t ^ tiling, bao e ^ hay ph^ ed kinh t^
hang hda, CO chl Ihi tiudng? HNTD" 8 khoa V bat
^ Ihira nhdn san xuat hang hda, kinh t l hang h6a, vai too cua Ihi tnrdng ddi vdi san xudt hang hoa.
Nhu vay cho tdi trudc thdi dilm nam 1986, trong tu duy eua Dang da ed su doi mdi vi tuduy kinh ti, va ti'ong thue tiin da buoc ddu cd dli mdi mpt bd phan eiia the ehe kinh t l (di nhidn tiong khudn khd cua the ehe cii).
Sau Dai hdi VI, nhung thanh cong bude dSu ciia ddi mdi kinh t l trong nude va nhiing bien ddng to Idn trong ddi sdng chinh tri the gidi cu6i thap luen 80 la ap luc Ion ddn Dang din sir thay ddi mang tinh bude ngoat ve tu duy ehinh tri. Dai hdi Dang lln thii VI (1986) danh ddu bude ngojt dd trong vi«; nit ra 4 bai hpe Idn, trong do bai hpe ddu tien la lay dan lam gdc. Tu dd, phuong hudng, giai phap cho chien lupc phat trien ddt nude ph^
la tang cudng Ididi dai dodn kit todn dan tpc, phit
TAP CHiUCH sir BANG 9-2014
a
buy dan chii, doi moi phuong thitc ISnh dao cua Dang, thay doi each thuc quan ly cua Nha nu6c, diay ddi phutmg thtic hoat dgng ciJa cac doan thS chinh tii-x^ hpi, iih4t la ctja Mat tran To qudc.
Nhuvdy, ^cd ddi mdi tuduy ehinh tri dugc ddnh dau d Dgi hgi VI thi trudc dd Ddng da doi mdi tu duy kinh te. Va dieu nay 6a ehiing minh quy luat chung cua mdi quan he giOa kinh t6 va chinh tri 1^; suy cho cung kinh t l v3n la nhan t6 quySt dinh.
Sir chuyen huong ve mat tu duy kinh te cung nhu tu duy chinh tri nhu vay da din ddn sir thay ddi rit to Idn trong thuc tiin dm sdng cua dit nude. Vd m^t kinh td, kinh td tu nhan va kinh te cd vdn dSu tu nude ngoai bat dSu ehilm ty trong nhit dinh trong GDP. Khu virc kinh td nha nirdfc ciing cd su thay ddi buoc diu trong ca chd quan ly.
Song phii khSng dinh, thdi ky nay, ve ca bin, cSc thd chd cda kinh td thi trudng chua hinh thanh dVietNam. Cac thd chd tJi chinh, ngan hang chua theo nguyen tie cua quan he thi trudng. Cac thi tnrdng tidn td, thi trudng vdn chua hinh thanh, chua cd thi tnrdng bao hidm, chua cd cac cdng ty cdphln,cdphidu...
Khic vdi ddi moi vd kinh td diln ta tCt thip len cao, tu tir phat ddn tu giac, tir co sd nguge len tnmg uong, tir ddi moi co che quan ly tdi ddi mdi co chl kinh tl, nhttng thay ddi ve chinh tri didn ra Iheo chilu nguge l?ii. Dd la thay ddi bit diu tir tnmg trong xudng dia phuang va ngay ttt dau da mang tilth tu giic. Dilu nay la dd hilu, vi ddi mdi the che chinh hi dgng cham den quyen luc, hon ntta nd nim Irong h? thdng tang bugc tu tren xudng dudi.
Moi sv ddi mdi tu ben dudi vd chinh tti deu bj n ^ can bdi ca he thdng, tham chi bi Uttng phat Do vay, ddi mdi (he chl chinh tri khdng the mang tinh tit phit, nd phii dirge ngudi cam quydn nghien ngSm, cin nhic timg bude di, bidn phip.
Tit ddi mdi hr duy chinh tri din doi mdi thi chi ehinh tri la khodng thdi gian nhdl dinh. Dii
cd khdi ddng ddi moi vd tu duy chinh hi tir tnrdc dd 5 nam, thi vd mat the chd chinh tii ciia dit nude eho tdi nam 1991 van nhu eH Hien phdp 1980 van cdn hidu lire, cic ca quan nha nuoc van hoat ddng trdn eo sd cua Hien phap niy.
Mac du Dai hdi VI da d l cap tdi su ddi moi ve Dang, N h i nude, cic doin the nhan dan, song sau 5 nim, nhiing thay ddi van didn ra cham chap so vdi tnrdc do. Chi tinh rieng ve mat N h i nude, ttt nam 1986 tdi trudc n i m 1991, bd miy N h i nude tuy da dugc sap xep lai, nhimg van cdn rd tinh tap tnmg quan lieu, cdng kinh, thilu hieu qua. Chinh phu vin edn tdi tren 30 bd, co quan ngang bd va hang chue cic ca quan ddc lip khic thudc Chinh phu chia nhau quin ly theo kieu cit khuc nln kinh td. Ridng Giih vuc kinh td cdn cic bd cdng nghiep nang, cdng nghiep nh?, bd dien v i than, bp ngi thuang, bd ngoai thuong, bg ndng nghiep, bd thuy lgi, bd thiiy sin... Co ciu td chue bd miy N h i nude va cich thuc quin ly l i trd ngai Idn vdi mgt nen kinh te dang can sy gan kit giua cac nginh, gitta sin xuit v i luu thdng, phin phdi; gitta trong nude va ngoai nude.
Vdi thue tidn dd, nhttng y tudng vl ddi mdi he thdng chinh tti (HTCT) nhim thiic diy phit triln kinh t l da hinh thinh ttt Hdi nghi Trung uong 6 khda VI (1989), dl sau dd tdi nam 1991 dugc khing dinh chinh thuc lai Dai hgi VD.
Tuy nhien cung phai ke den mdt nhin td qudc te khac khidn ddi mdi thi chl chinh tri 6 nude ta vua dugc thdi thiic, vua vap mdt ttd ngai, mdt su lo ling chinh dang. Dd la sir chuyin bien ngay cang tieu cue eiia cic nha nude XHCN d Ddng Au vi Lien Xd trong eac nam ttt nam 1986 den nam 1991. Lan luot cic chinh quyln cdng sin d Ddng Au syp dd, cudi cung li sir sup dd ciia Lien Xd (tiiang 8-1991).
Day la mdt cii sdc Idn vdi thi gidi va E)ang Cgng sin Vi$t Nam. Tnmg Qudc ciing trai qua nhttng nam filing sdng gid vdi su kien Thien An Mdn cudi
79
W. THtfCHItNNCHjQUTtTflAIHOIXICUABliNC
nam 1989. Nhttng fliit bai cua cie nuoc Ddng Au va Lien X6, vide Trung Qudc vugt qua thdi ky khd khan chinh tri da dem lai bai hge Idn ddi vdi Dang Cdng san Viet Nam. Dd la bai hge: can phii tiqi tuc ddi mdi chinh tri, nhung ddi mdi phii ed nguyen tic, cd phuong ph^; ddi mdi chinh tri di ddi vdi tang cudng ban lmh chinh tri, nang lue lanh dao ciia Dang Cgng sin "Wet NanL
Tai Dai hdi VH (thang 12-1991), Dang chinh thuc dl cap tdi ddi moi HTCT vdi mgt sd quan diem ehii yeu nhu sau:
Mgt Id, thtta nhan ddi mdi ve HTCT li tit ylu khich quan vi neu khdng ddi moi HTCT thi ddi mdi vl kmh tl (dugc khdi dgng tir 5 nam tiudc) se hi kim him.
Hai la, ddi mdi HTCT phai liy md rpng dan ehu lam thye chat.
Ba la, tiong dilu ki?n mgt ding lanh dao thi dd cd din chii, vin de miu ehdt li phan dinh vi thyc hi$n diing ehiic ning ciia Dang, Nha nude.
Mat tran Td qu6c va cic td chile chinh tri khie.
Bdn Id ddi mdi HTCT phii than tigng, dya tren vi ddng thdi vdi ddi mdi kmh te, vi rit nhay cim, dgng ehpa ddn sy sdng cdn cua chl dp.
Ndm Id, ddi mdi HTCT phii bio dim gift vflng dn dinh chmh tri, phit triln kinh tl vi cai thi^ duge cic m^t cua ddi sdng xa hdi.
Sdu la, phuang hudng la ddi mdi td chile bd miy Nhi nude, ddi mod phirong thiic lanh dao cua Dang, phuang thiic ho^t ddng eiia Mat tiin vi cac doan thi nhan dan.
Bdy Id, kien quylt khdng da ding ddi lap, da nguyen chinh tij.
Nhttng quan diem tren phan inh sy quan triet sau sic ly lu|n ciia chu nghia Mac-Lenin vl mdi quan h$ gitta chinh tij va kinh te, giua ddi mdi chinh tri va ddi mdi kinh tl. Nd ciing phin anh thyc tiln ddi mdi chinh tri d nude ta tu nam 1986 eho den thdi diem dd.
So vdi Dai hdi VI, mdt diem mdi tnmg ddi mfi tu duy chinh tri cua Dai hdi v n la thay ddi tu duy vl ban-thii, dieh-ta, nghm li thay ddi chinb sach dli ngoai tu tim nhin hai phe tdi quan hd da phuong hda, da dang hda, tao mdi tnrdng hda bmh. ID dinh dl phat lri& dit nuoc sau khi Ddng Au, nhlt la Lien Xd sup dd nam 1991. Tu diy, vin dl dgc l£^,tir chu, CNXH dugc giai quylt theo mpt tuduy mdi, phu hgp vai thuc tien qudc Id va ttong nude.
2. Giai Soan tir nam 1991 tdi nay Nhflngquandi&ndugcneutaiDaihpiVn(1991) vl ddi mdi HTCT toe quin tridt va Ihyc hien m^t cich nhit quan trong sudt hon 20 i^m qua. Khic voi 5 nam tiudc do, tit nam 1992 din nay, dit nude co nhttng Ifaay ddi ding kd ve thd chl kinh ll cSng ifau Ifal chl chinh tti. Sy ddi mdi Ihl chl chinh In vi Ih^
chl kinh ll didn la ddng thdi, nhu ngudi bude bai chin, khd ed Ihd phanbidt ddi mdi nao Inidc hay sau Tuy nhien, Iheo quy hiat, sy ddi mdi chinh tri (kl cd vd tu duy chfnh tri va HTCT) hidn khd kMn, chim ch^ ban ddi mdi thi chl kinh tl.
Nhiing thanh c&r^vS mgi Idnh te Trong giai doan 1991-1995, dit nude bude dau lim quen vdi mdi trudng kinh te mdi - kinh tS Ifaj tiudng. Quan h$ kiiah Id vdi nude ngoai dugc tien hinh theo phuong chim, phuong thiic mdi. Oing ttt day, cic the che kinh te thi tnrdng eda dit nude din dugc hinh thanh trong thyc te, phd hgp vdi Ihfi chl kinh tl thj tnidng thi gidi.
Tu nam 1995, Dang chd tnrong dua Vidt Nam gianhjpWTO. Song tai nim 2008 Vi^Nam moi chinh thtte duge nhap WTO. Trong flidi gian nay, Vi|t Nam da fliay ddi eo ban co chl quan ^ nha nuoc, ttt bd CO ehe tap tiung, quan lieu. Mdt lo?t vin ban phap ly da dugc ban hanh. Cd nhttng lu|t quan tigng ra ddi dilu chinh tu eich phip nhln hay All nhan eua doanh nghidp nhu Lu^t Cdng ty, Lu|t Doanh nghi$p nha nude, Lu^ Hgp tfc
TAP CHf LICH SOe/iNG 9-2014
x3... Cd nhung hiat dieu chinh hoat dgng diu tu nhu Luat Diu tu nude ngoii, Luit £)iu tu trong nude... Cd nhiing Luat dieu ehinh eic ho^ ddng cua cic the ehe tii ehinh nhu Li4t Ngan hing va cic td chue tin dung. Cd nhttng luit dilu chinh quan h^ lao dpng nhu Luit Lao ddng, Luit Cdng doin, Luat Bao hilm...
Din nay, vl co ban boat ddng sin xuit, kmh doanh d Viet Nam ffl dya tidn quan he eung ciu, quy luat gii tri, fliira nhin lgi nhu|n nhu mye tieu CO ban cua kinh doanh. Nhi nude Viet Nam khdng thye hien trg gii cho hiu hit eac sin phim hing hda, trir xang diu, liia gao ttong tmdng hgp can thidt (vi dy gia san ddi vdi ihu mua lua gao, phin diu bio dam ngudi ndng dan trdng Ilia cd lai tli fliieu 20%). Khdng nhttng da ed cie luat dieu chinh quan h^ kinh tl ithu quan h^ diu tu (Luit Diu tu), quan he sd hOu (Luat Cdng ly)..., tna da hinh thinh vl eo bin cic thi chl cin thilt ciia kinh tl tfa; tiudng, nhu thi tnidng ehiing khoin, dli tiudng bio hilm, he flidng ngin hang fliuong mai.
Nen kmh tl Vi^ Nam da cd bude phit ttiln khdng did phii nhin. Ttt mdt nude nhap khiu hiong thyc mdi nam gan 1 trieu tin, ttt nam 1990, Vi$t Nam trd fliinh mdt trong nhttng nude xuit khiu luong fliyc Idn hing diu flil gidi, ttt miic 1 tri^u tin/ nam len 2 tri^u, 3 tridu, 5 trieu, dudi 6 tri$u tin/nam; nam 2012 li 7,7 tri?u tin, fliu vl khoing 3,5 ty dd la/nam, ky liic cao nhit ttt tmdc din flidi dilm nay Viet Nam cung la mgt trong nhttng nude xuit khiu ca phe, eao su Idn nhit flie gidi. Trong gin 30 nam qua, Idc dd tang tmdng GDP ludn cao hon mtte tnmg btah cua flie gidi, cd nim dat mtte tang trudng 9%, ddng ttitt hai ttie gidi, sau Tnmg Qude. Trong nhttng nam 1998- 2000 hoic 2008-2009, do tic dgng cua khiing hoing kinh tl khu vyc va flil gidi, tdc dp tang Inidng my giim sut tdi mtte fliip nhit, song vin d?t life 4%, cao hon eic nude eung bj anh hudng.
Xet ve thanh edng eua ddi mdi kinh te ed thi khing dinh mdt sd diem sau:
Mpr/a, Vidt Nam da hmh thanh CO ban thi chl kinh td thi tmdng. Din nay Viet Nam da dugc phin Idn cac qude gia thua nhan cd nen kmh tl thi tnidng. Vide dim phan thanh cdng gia nhap WTO, la thanh vien ciia cac diln dan kinh tl qudc tl va khu vyc, dang tich eye dam phin TPP (Hi^ dinh ddi tie xuyen Thii Binh Duong), cic hiep dinh ty do thuong mai song phuong vdi nhieu nude...
chdng td eac nude da thua nhan khudn khd kinh tl ttii tmdng d Vidt Nam, ddng ttidi ehiing td su ty tin vi quyet tam eua dit nude hudng tdi xiy dung mdt nen kinh tl thi tnidng diy du d Viet Nam.
Hai Id ttt mgt nude cd ty le ng^eo ddi cao, Vi^
Nam di dpt dugc tiln bd to Idn trong xda ddi, giim ngheo, da eo ban ttiyc hien duge cae mye tidu phit triln Thien nien ky do Lien hpp qudc khdi xudng.
Met Nam da dat dugc diu mde lieh stt khi nam 2012 chmh ttiiie buoc vao ngudng qude gia phit triln tiung btah eua flie gidi. Mac du fliu nhap btah quin tren diu ngudi d Viet Nam ehua eao (muc 1.200 dd la/ngudi), song dd li dilu khdng ttil btah dung vao nhttng nim diu cua ddi mdi.
Nhiing thinh cong ve iii mdi chmh trj Nhttng ddi mdi vl chinh tri trong hon 20 nim qua da didn ra ttieo dung nhttng quan diem co bin eua Dai hdi VII cua Dang. Khdng nhung tu duy ehinh tri, mi the che chinh tri cua dit nude da ed nhung ddi mdi dang kl, dip ling yeu ciu eua ddi mdi kmh tl ttieo hudng ttii tradng.
Cd ttil tdm tat nhung fliay ddi ttiyc tiln ttong thd chl ehinh tti kl ttt nim 1992 din nay:
Ddn efai da lid fliinh nhan fliiic ehung, ddi hdi chung cua xa hdi vi dugc coi la cdt ldi eua ddi mdi ehinh tri. Mdi quan he giua Ding, Nhi nude vi cic doan till nhan dan Ird nen hgp ly hon, din chu horn tten casd nhan flitteva phin djnh ID hon ehttc ning, nhidm vy, ttnh chit cOa moi bg phin eua HTCT.
THUC HIEN NGHj QUYET DAI HOI XI CUA DANG
Hien ph£^ 1992 ra ddi va tiep theo Ludt bdu cii Qudc hpi vd Hdi ddng nhan dan da c ^ tidn theo hudng lam eho bdu cur dan chii hon, nhieu lira chpn hon, cho phep nhieu ngudi iing cu, ke ca ngudi ngodi Dang.
Nam 1998, danh ddu bude ehuyen quan trpng trong ddi sdng dan ehu d co sd vdi Chi thi 30 ciia Bp Chinh tri vd Nghi dinh 29 ciia Chinh phii vd xdy dung vd tiiuc hien Quy chi ddn chu ca sd, eu thd hoa quydn eua ngudi dan vd nghia vu ciia chinh quyen co sd trong thue hidn dan ehu ca theo ca che true tiep va gidn tiep. Tii day, ddi sdng ehinh tri, kinh ^ d cac vung ndng thdn, cde loai hinh td ehuc co sd xa hpi ddn chu hon, dap iing quyen lam chii cua ngudi dan tot hon.
Tren binh dien vT md, tieng ndi cua nhan dan thdng qua co quan dai dien, eac td chiic chinh tri-xd hdi vd bdo chi trong giam sat va xay dung Ddng, chinh quyen ro hon.
Phuang thuc lanh dgo cua Ddng co su doi mdi nhdt dinh, nhdt Id trong lanh dao ddi vdi Quoc hdi, Chinh phu, vdi Mat tran Td qudc va cde td ehiic chinh tri-xd hdi khac... Tu Dai hpi VII, E)ang xac dmh edng cupc ddi mdi phdi Idy " x ^ dung kinh td Id nhiem vu tmng ^ m , xay dung Dang la flien ehdt".
Ddng thdi, vdi viec nang eao nang luc tri tue, ban fiih chinh tri, nang luc lanh dao. Dang phai tu chinh ^ n , xay dung td chiie trong saeh, vung manh Nhung ddi mdi trong ndi bd Dang ca vd ^ chiic bp may, sinh hoat ngay edng the hien dan chu trong Dang ro ret hon, dac biet trong cdng tac can bp. Dang ddt n m h vao vi tri chiu sir giam sat eua xa hdi, cua nhan dan, chiu su phe phan va Idng nghe gdp y eiia nhan daa Hien phap 2013 da the hien ro didu nay.
Ve thi che Nhd nude, tu nam 1992, Dang khdng dinh xdy dung Nha nude phap quydn XHCN vdi 4 dac diem la: Nha nude eua dan, do dan, vi ddn;
Quyen luc nha nude la thdng nhdt, khdng tam quyen phdn 1 ^ ma ed su phan cong, phdi hpp giOa
cae CO quan thue h i ^ ehuc nang I ^ p h ^ , fa^
p h ^ , tu ph£^; Td ehiie vd hoat ^ n g cua Nha nmSc theo n^jydn tde tap trung, dan ehu; Nha nude dSt dudi sir lanh d^o cua Dang Cpng san \^dt Nam
Trong thuc td, vai trd, ehiie nang cua NM nude da ddn dupe thay ddi theo quan diem Nhi rmocphue vu con ngiwi thay vi "chuyen ehinh".
Td ehuc bp may Nha nude cung dupe thay d^
theo huong phdn dinh ro ret hon ve chue nang, thdm quydn cua eac c a quan thuc hidn chiie nang lap phdp, hanh phdp, tu phdp. Quoc hdi the hien rd hon vd quyen lap phap (thuc chdt la thdng qua phdp luat), giam sat vd quydt dinh tdi cao cae vin de quan trpng cua ddt nude.
Chmh phii chuydn hudng sang vai trd nguoi thidt l^p eac thd chd dd qudn ly xd hdi, dac biet la thiet lap cac thd ehe kinh td. Cde bd da giam bdt vai trd eua eo quan chu qudn eac don vj kinh td nhd nude true thude. Didu nay cd M i hudng thuan loi tdi ede td chiic kmh td cua Nha nude.
He thdng cae Tdng edng ty 90,91 ra ddi.
Vai tro vd hogt dgng Mat trgn To quoc va ak to chiec chinh tri-xd hgi ngay cdng dupe de cao va ed ddng gdp tiiuc su cho su phat trien dan chu.
Nhin khdi quat, phdi khdng djnh doi mdi chinh tri vdn ndm trong khudn kho cua thi chi chinh Oi XHCN, do mot ddng cgng sdn lanh dgo; Ididng da nguyen, da ddng. Mdi bude di trong su nghiep ddi mdi ddu gan vdi su lanh dao cua Dang. Do Id dac didra bao trum nhdt ciia ddi mdi th6 che ehinh tri Yiet Nam. Didu nay tid tiianh nguy&i tdc bdt di bdt dich trong quan didm, dudng 16i ddi mdi cua Ddng, la didu cdn kien dinh trong lap trudng ciia Ddng vdi tu each la ngudi khdi xudng vd lanh dao qua trinh ddi mdi.
Cd thd danh gid tdc dpng tieh cue eua ddi iwii vd ehinh tii ddi vdi ddi mdi kinh te d cdc ifidmsfB Phdt huy 5«r mgnh tong hgp cua cd HTCT, ciia khdi dgi dodn ket todn ddn tgc cho vi?c th^
TAPCHfLICH sur DANG 9-2014
h i ^ cdc chuong trinh, kd h o ^ h phat tridn kinh te - xd hOi. Ddi mdi HTCT da quan tridt dupe nguyen tde giii dn dinh ehinh tri. Giii dupe su dn dinh ehinh tri nghm Id giu dupe su lanh d ^ eiia Ddng ddi vdi ddi mdi, giu dupe hidu luc qudn ly CUE Nhd nude, khdng cd bpo loan, mdt an ninh tr^t t^ xd hdi, tao didu kidn dd xdy dung, phat tridn cdc the chd kmh td thi tiirdng eiia ddt nude, la dieu k i ^ dd thiic ddy sir hdi ah^ kmh td qude te cua nude ta manh me hon, nhdt la sau khi gia nhap WTO. Mdi trudng Idnh td vua tiidng tiiodng hon, vira ed on dinh chinh tri la didu kien hdp ddn ede nha ddu tu nude ngoM ddn Viet Nam. Trong bdi canh bdt dn chinh tri d nhidu qudc gia trdn thd gidi vd khu vue nhiing nam 90 va ddu nhung ndm 2000 (nhu Thai Lan, Myanma, Campuehia, hiddndxia, Phihppm) thi didu nay dupe coi la loi ttid eiia Vi?t Nam ttong tiiu hiit ddu tu nude ngoai.
Tranh thu dugc su Ung hg vd giiip dd ciia cgng dong quoc ti ddi vdi thvrc hien cde mye tieu phdt tridn. Co dupe didu nay la nhd Dang dd xdc djnh dung ddn dudng ldi ddi ngoai. Dudng ldi d6i ngoai cua Ddng dupe xac dinh ttdn quan dilm eiia ehii nghia Mdc-Ldnm, tu tudng Hd Chi Mmh ma mdu chdt Id giai quydt cd nguySn tdc m6i quan he giGa dde lap dan tpc vd CNXH; giiia Ipi ich qude gia, qudc td, khu vuc. E)ieu nay da dmh hudng ehinh sdch va hoat dpng ddi ngoai cua Nhd nude, till hi?n diing tinh tiidn hda binh, than thi$n, huu nghi, hpp tde. EXrdng ldi ddi ngoai rpng md "da phuang hda, da dang hda" cua Dai hOi VII (1991) dupe phat tridn tiianh 'Vi?t Nam mong mudn lam ban vdi tdt ed cdc qudc gia tren CO sd tdn trpng dpe lap, chii quydn, khdng can tiii^p vao cdng vi$e npi bp eiia nhau vd eimg cd Ipi". Tli do Ddng da quydt tdm dua ddt nude vao hOi nh|ip qudc td vd khu v\re tiieo tinh tiidn tieh cvc, chii dpng, thyc hi?n phuang cham "Id ban, Id d6i tde tin c^y, cd tt^h nhi?m ttong epng ddng
qudc td"... EKrdng ldi ndy da tao nen mdi trudng thuan loi cho phdt tridn kinh td, ndng cao vi tiid ciia Viet Nam trong khu vue vd thd gjdi. Nhiing thanh tuu phdt tridn kinh td-xa hdi ciia ddt nude trong gdn 30 nam qua khdng tfid khong kd ddn su hpp tde, gji^) do eiia cac td chiie qudc td va cae qude gia trdn k h ^ the gidi.
Tgo ra ca chi qudn ly nhd nude vi kinh te ngc^ cdng phu hgp vdi kinh ti thi trudng.
Chinh tri da ^ ndn nhiing CO hpi cho phat tridn kinh td, vi du bang uy tin vd quan he chmh tri, cdc nhd Idnh dao Ddng va Nhd nude da cd nhiing cam kdt ddi ngoai tiiudn loi gii^ cho cac doanh n g ^ | p
\^et Nam md rdng ddu tu ra nude ngoai, ngupe lai thu hiit nhidu doanh nghidp Idn nude ngodi ddu tu vdo \^et Nam. Mae khdc, bdng ddi mdi eo ehe quan ly nhd nude, bdng cdc quy dinh phan qi^en, phan eq}, da han che dang ke su can thiep khdng can thidt, khdng dang cd, khdng dung ludt cua eac ehu tiie chinh tri ddi vdi hoat ddng kinh doanh cua ede ehu did kinh tk, kd cd doanh nghidp nha nude. Da hinh ttianh he thdng hpp Iy cde co quan qudn Iy nha nude vd kinh tk vdi tiidm quydn dupe phdn biet khd ro, chdng han vai ttd ciia Chinh phu, Thu tudng, cdc bp, ca quan ngang bp (nhu Bp Tdi ehinh, Ngan hdng Nha nude, Kidm todn Nhd nude, Kho bac Nhd nude, Thanh tra Chinh phu...). Vd phia CO quan lap p h ^ , cao nhdt Id Qudc hpi, Uy ban Thudng vy Qudc hdi vdi tiidm qi^dn ban hdnh Ludt, ?hap lenh trong Dnh vue kinh td, phia eo quan tu p h ^ Id \^en Kidm sdt, Tda an Kinh te.
Hidn nay cdc doanh nghiep nhd nude da cd quyen tu chu rdng Idn trong kinh doanh, ve eo ban khdng cdn chiu qudn Iy hanh chinh vdi nhieu ttiii ttic phidn ha tti cdc bd chii quan.
1. Xem: Dang Cpng san Viet Nam: Van ki^n Dgi hpi di?ibiiuiomquocldnthuVIII,'N)(bCTQiG,\i\9%,ti.l\.
